Pulmonary hematoma

Blood collection in the lungs

A pulmonary hematoma is a collection of blood within the tissue of the lung. It may result when a pulmonary laceration fills with blood.[1] A lung laceration filled with air is called a pneumatocele.[1] In some cases, both pneumatoceles and hematomas exist in the same injured lung.[2] Pulmonary hematomas take longer to heal than simple pneumatoceles and commonly leave the lungs scarred.[1] A pulmonary contusion is another cause of bleeding within the lung tissue, but these result from microhemorrhages, multiple small bleeds, and the bleeding is not a discrete mass but rather occurs within the lung tissue. An indication of more severe damage to the lung than pulmonary contusion, a hematoma also takes longer to clear.[3] Unlike contusions, hematomas do not usually interfere with gas exchange in the lung, but they do increase the risk of infection and abscess formation.[4]

## References

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1. ^ a b c White C, Stern EJ (1999). Chest Radiology Companion. Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 80, 176. ISBN 978-0-397-51732-9. Retrieved 2008-04-30.
2. ^ Gavelli G, Canini R, Bertaccini P, Battista G, Bnà C, Fattori R (June 2002). "Traumatic injuries: imaging of thoracic injuries". European Radiology. 12 (6): 1273–1294\. doi:10.1007/s00330-002-1439-6. PMID 12042932. S2CID 1919039.
3. ^ Livingston DH, Hauser CJ (2003). "Trauma to the chest wall and lung". In Moore EE, Feliciano DV, Mattox KL (eds.). Trauma. Fifth Edition. McGraw-Hill Professional. pp. 525–528\. ISBN 978-0-07-137069-1.
4. ^ Miller DL, Mansour KA (2007). "Blunt traumatic lung injuries". Thoracic Surgery Clinics. 17 (1): 57–61\. doi:10.1016/j.thorsurg.2007.03.017. PMID 17650697.

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Chest injury, excluding fractures

Cardiac and
circulatory system injuries|

* vascular: Traumatic aortic rupture
* Thoracic aorta injury

* heart: Myocardial contusion/Commotio cordis
* Cardiac tamponade
* Hemopericardium
* Myocardial rupture

Lung and
lower respiratory tract injuries|

* Pneumothorax
* Hemothorax
* Hemopneumothorax
* Pulmonary contusion
* Pulmonary laceration
* Tracheobronchial injury
* Diaphragmatic rupture

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Disorders of bleeding and clotting

* Coagulation
* coagulopathy
* Bleeding diathesis

Clotting|

| By cause|

* Clotting factors
* Antithrombin III deficiency
* Protein C deficiency
* Activated protein C resistance
* Protein S deficiency
* Factor V Leiden
* Prothrombin G20210A
* Platelets
* Sticky platelet syndrome
* Thrombocytosis
* Essential thrombocythemia
* DIC
* Purpura fulminans
* Antiphospholipid syndrome

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Clots|

* Thrombophilia
* Thrombus
* Thrombosis
* Virchow's triad
* Trousseau sign of malignancy

By site|

* Deep vein thrombosis
* Bancroft's sign
* Homans sign
* Lisker's sign
* Louvel's sign
* Lowenberg's sign
* Peabody's sign
* Pratt's sign
* Rose's sign
* Pulmonary embolism
* Renal vein thrombosis

Bleeding|

| By cause|

| Thrombocytopenia|

* Thrombocytopenic purpura: ITP
* Evans syndrome
* TM
* TTP
* Upshaw–Schulman syndrome

* Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
* May–Hegglin anomaly
* Monoclonal gammopathy of thrombotic significance (MGTS)

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Platelet function|

* adhesion
* Bernard–Soulier syndrome
* aggregation
* Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
* platelet storage pool deficiency
* Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome
* Gray platelet syndrome

Clotting factor|

* Hemophilia
* A/VIII
* B/IX
* C/XI
* von Willebrand disease
* Hypoprothrombinemia/II
* Factor VII deficiency
* Factor X deficiency
* Factor XII deficiency
* Factor XIII deficiency
* Dysfibrinogenemia
* Congenital afibrinogenemia

Signs and symptoms|

* Bleeding
* Bruise
* Hematoma
* Petechia
* Purpura
* Nonthrombocytopenic purpura

By site|

* head
* Epistaxis
* Hemoptysis
* Intracranial hemorrhage
* Hyphema
* Subconjunctival bleeding
* torso
* Hemothorax
* Hemopericardium
* Pulmonary hematoma
* abdomen
* Gastrointestinal bleeding
* Hemobilia
* Hemoperitoneum
* Hematocele
* Hematosalpinx
* joint
* Hemarthrosis

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