Pulp and paper industry in Europe

The pulp and paper industry in Europe accounts for about a quarter of the world production and is a major employer. The leading producing countries are Finland, Sweden and Germany. The industry is a large user of renewable energy and achieved a recycling rate of 71.5% in 2015.[1]

## Production data

[edit]

The European paper industry produces more than 90 million tonnes of paper and board and more than 36 million tonnes of pulp annually. Directly it provides 178,000 jobs and indirectly 3 million jobs along the forest and paper chain.[2] The European paper industry's turnover is approximately 180 billion euros.[3] 633 companies are represented by the Confederation of European Paper Industries (CEPI)[4] and these account for 23% of world production. The raw material consists of 40% recycled fibre and 44% virgin pulp, the balance being other pulp (1%) and non-fibrous materials (15%). 94% of the wood requirements come from managed forests within Europe.

In national terms the largest paper producer is Germany, followed by Finland, Sweden and France; the largest pulp producers are Finland and Sweden. The two largest European companies in the sector, Stora Enso and UPM, are both based in Finland.

## Renewable energy

[edit]

The European pulp and paper industry is the largest industrial producer and consumer of energy from renewable sources. Its share of biomass-based energy exceeds 55% of its total primary annual energy consumption of 1,301,483 TJ.[2] The sector has adopted an objective to reduce carbon emissions of 80% by 2050, which is likely to involve new technological methods to reduce water usage and thus reduce energy usage.[3]

## Recycling

[edit]

Paper for recycling is a major source of the paper industry's raw material, which is why the industry aims to maximise the European recycling rate. The recycling rate along the paper value chain (ERPC) reached 71.5% in 2015 - exceeding the voluntary target of 70% that was set by the industries declaration in 2011. The total amount of paper collected and sent to recycling in paper mills in 2015 was almost 56 million tonnes. 18.2% was exported for recycling in third countries in 2015.[1] The recycling rate is now considered close to its maximum possible.

## Innovation

[edit]

In 2011, the Confederation of European Paper Industries (CEPI)[4] launched the “2050 Roadmap to a low-carbon bioeconomy”,[5] as the first European manufacturing industry sector to react to the European Commission's roadmap towards a low-carbon economy with its own sector roadmap. The “Two Team Project”, which ran in 2013, sought to find the most innovative breakthrough technologies of the industry with two teams competing against each other. Eight breakthrough technologies made it to the publication.[6] In 2015, CEPI collected more than 40 of the industry's most innovative products in another publication, “The Age of Fibre”,[7] showcasing once again the versatility and innovation in the industry.

## Leading companies

[edit]

In 2011 the top 10 forest and paper products companies in Europe were:[8]

Rank | Company | Country

|
|

1 | Stora Enso |  Finland
2 | UPM |  Finland
3 | SCA |  Sweden
4 | Smurfit Kappa |  Ireland
5 | Mondi Group |  Austria
6 | Metsäliitto |  Finland
7 | Sequana Capital |  France
8 | DS Smith |  United Kingdom
9 | Norske Skog |  Norway
10 | Lenzing |  Austria

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b "Key Statistics 2015". CEPI. Confederation of European Paper Industries. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
2. ^ a b CEPI Sustainability Report CEPI Sustainability Report 2013
3. ^ a b "Pulp and paper industry". Growth. European Commission. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
4. ^ a b "Home". cepi.org.
5. ^ "2050 Roadmap to a low-carbon economy". CEPI. Confederation of European Paper Industries. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
6. ^ "Two Team Project report" (PDF). CEPI. Confederation of European Paper Industries. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
7. ^ "The Age of Fibre" (PDF). CEPI. Confederation of European Paper Industries. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
8. ^ Global Forest & Paper Industry Survey, PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2012

## External links

[edit]

* European pulp & paper standards, PaperIndex
* IPW The magazine for the international pulp and paper industry
* RISI RISI Pulp and Paper Conferences and Events
* TAPPI Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry
* The Paper Province Top EU Clusters in High Innovation Regions
* Paper Online
* CEPI
* PaperMart
* Paper Industry Directory

* v
* t
* e

Paper

* Paper engineering / Papermaking

History|

* Battle of Talas
* Missal of Silos

| Originators|

* Cai Lun
* Damjing

|

Developers|

* Matthias Koops
* Friedrich Gottlob Keller
* Charles Fenerty

|

Scholars|

* Timothy Barrett
* Thomas Francis Carter
* Dard Hunter
* Tsien Tsuen-hsuin

|

Types|

* Acid-free
* Air-laid
* Amate
* Asphalt
* Banana
* Bible
* Blotting
* Bond
* Bristol
* Carbon
* Cardboard
* Cardstock
* Cartridge
* Coated
* Construction
* Contact
* Copy
* Carbonless
* Correction
* Cotton (rag)
* Crêpe
* Display
* Dó
* Electrical insulation
* Filteration
* Genkō yōshi
* Glassine
* Graph
* Greaseproof
* Hemp
* India
* Inkjet
* Ingres
* Korean
* Kraft
* Butcher
* Laid
* Lokta
* Manila
* Mummy
* Newsprint
* Onionskin
* Origami
* Paperboard
* Parchment
* Photographic
* Plastic-coated
* Red rosin
* Rice
* Rolling
* Scritta
* Security
* Seed
* Stone
* Tar
* Thermal
* Tissue
* Tracing
* Transfer
* Tree-free
* Wallpaper
* Washi
* Wasli
* Waterproof
* Wax
* Wood-free
* Wove
* Writing
* Xuan

Materials|

* China clay
* Corrugated fiberboard
* Fiber crop
* Paper chemicals
* Papyrus
* Wood pulp

Specifications|

* Density
* Grammage
* Paper sizes
* Surface chemistry of paper
* Units of paper quantity
* Wet strength

Manufacture
and process|

* Bleaching of wood pulp
* Calender
* Conical refiner
* Deinking
* Elemental chlorine free
* Environmental impact of paper
* Handmade paper
* Hollander beater
* Kraft process
* Organosolv
* Paper machine
* Paper recycling
* Papermaking
* Soda pulping
* Sulfite process

Industry|

* Paper industry
* Canada
* Europe
* India
* Indonesia
* Japan
* United States
* Paper mill
* List

Uses|

* Lined paper
* Paper towels
* Papier-mâché
* Cardboard
* Clothing
* Tissues
* Notebooks
* Watercolor paper
* Paper money
* Beverage cartons

* Category
* Commons

* v
* t
* e

Forestry

* Index
* Forest areas
* Ministries
* Research institutes
* Colleges
* Journals
* Arbor Day

Types|

* Agroforestry
* dehesa
* Analog forestry
* Bamboo forestry
* Close to nature forestry
* Community forestry
* Ecoforestry
* Energy forestry
* Mycoforestry
* Permaforestry
* Plantation forestry
* Social forestry
* Sustainable forestry
* Urban forest
* Urban forestry

Ecology and
management|

* Arboriculture
* Controlled burn
* Debris
* coarse
* driftwood
* large
* log jam
* slash
* Dendrology
* Ecological thinning
* Even-aged management
* Fire ecology
* Forest
* dynamics
* informatics
* IPM
* inventory
* governance
* law
* Global Forest Information Service
* old-growth
* pathology
* protection
* restoration
* secondary
* stand
* transition
* Trillion Tree Campaign
* Forest certification
* ATFS
* CFS
* FSC
* PEFC
* SFI
* SmartWood
* Woodland Carbon Code
* Forestation
* afforestation
* reforestation
* Formally designated
* Glade
* Growth and yield modelling
* Horticulture
* GM trees
* i-Tree
* urban
* Multipurpose tree
* Silviculture
* Sustainable management
* Tree
* allometry
* breeding
* Tree measurement
* crown
* girth
* height
* volume

Environmental
topics|

* Acid rain
* Carbon sequestration
* Clearcutting
* Deforestation
* Ecosystem services
* Forest degradation
* Forest dieback
* Forest fragmentation
* Ghost forest
* Great Green Wall (Africa)
* Great Green Wall (China)
* High grading
* Illegal logging
* timber mafia
* Invasive species
* wilding
* Million Tree Initiative
* REDD
* Shifting cultivation
* chitemene
* slash-and-burn
* slash-and-char
* svedjebruk
* Timber recycling
* Tree hugging
* Urban forest inequity
* Wildfire

Industries|

* Coppicing
* Forest farming
* Forest gardening
* Logging
* Manufacturing
* lumber
* plywood
* pulp and paper
* sawmilling
* Products
* biochar
* biomass
* charcoal
* non-timber
* palm oil
* rayon
* rubber
* tanbark
* Rail transport
* Tree farm
* Christmas trees
* Wood
* engineered
* fuel
* mahogany
* spruce-pine-fir
* teak
* Woodworking
* green woodworking

Occupations|

* Forester
* Arborist
* Bucker
* Choker setter
* Ecologist
* Feller
* Firefighter
* handcrew
* hotshot
* lookout
* smokejumper
* River driver
* Truck driver
* Log scaler
* Lumberjack
* Ranger
* Resin tapper
* Rubber tapper
* Shingle weaver
* Timber cruiser
* Tree planter
* Wood process engineer

* WikiProject
* Climate change portal
* Earth sciences portal
* Ecology portal
* Environment portal
* Plants portal
* Trees portal
* Category
* Outline

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template