Queen of Kenya

Elizabeth II's reign in Kenya from 1963 to 1964

Queen of Kenya

Coat of arms of Kenya

Elizabeth II

Details
Style| Her Majesty
Formation| 12 December 1963
Abolition| 12 December 1964

Elizabeth II was Queen of Kenya from 1963 to 1964, when Kenya was an independent sovereign state with a constitutional monarchy. She was also the sovereign of the other Commonwealth realms, including the United Kingdom. Her roles as the Kenyan head of state were delegated to the governor-general of Kenya.

## History

[edit]

The Kenya Independence Act 1963 transformed the Colony and Protectorate of Kenya into an independent sovereign state, with Queen Elizabeth II as the head of state and Queen of Kenya. Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, represented the Queen of Kenya at the independence celebrations.[1] The Duke opened the first session of the Kenyan Parliament, on behalf of the Queen, by delivering the speech from the throne on 13 December 1963.[2]

The Queen's constitutional roles were mostly delegated to the Governor-General of Kenya, her representative in Kenya, who was appointed by the Queen on the advice of her Kenyan Prime Minister.[3][4] Malcolm MacDonald was governor-general throughout. All bills required Royal assent.[5] All executive powers of Kenya were vested in the monarch, but were mostly exercised by the governor-general on her behalf.[6][7]

Kenya adopted a new constitution in 1964 which abolished the monarchy and the office of governor-general, and became a republic within the Commonwealth with the president of Kenya as head of state.[8]

## Visits

[edit]

Elizabeth was in Kenya at Treetops Hotel when her father, George VI, died on 6 February 1952 and she became queen. She had arrived in Nairobi on 1 February and had been staying at Sagana Lodge, near Mount Kenya. After the news of her accession, she returned immediately to the United Kingdom via Entebbe Airport.[9] The Mombasa tusks, which compose a monument on Moi Avenue in Mombasa, were initially built to commemorate the Queen's 1952 visit.[10]

After Kenya became a republic, the Queen stopped briefly in the country on 26 March 1972 and 7 October 1991.[11] She undertook a state visit to Kenya 10–14 November 1983, as the guest of President Daniel Arap Moi.[12]

## Royal style and titles

[edit]

The proclamation of the Queen's style and titles published in the Kenya Gazette

Elizabeth II had the following style and titles in her role as the monarch of Kenya:

* 12 December 1963 - 10 March 1964: Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith[13][14]

* 10 March 1964 - 12 December 1964: Elizabeth the Second, Queen of Kenya and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth[14][15][16]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Julian Friedmann (1975), Jomo Kenyatta, Wayland, p. 83, ISBN 9780853403326
2. ^ Commonwealth Survey: Volume 10, Central Office of Information, 1964, p. 75
3. ^ Irving Kaplan (1976), Area Handbook for Kenya, Department of Defense, Department of the Army, p. 189
4. ^ Kenya National Assembly Official Record (Hansard), Government of Kenya, 7 June 1963, p. 139
5. ^ Robert L. Ware (1965), Basic Data on the Economy of Kenya, Department of Commerce, Bureau of International Commerce, p. 5
6. ^ Christopher E. Bailey (2019), Counterterrorism Law and Practice in the East African Community, Brill, p. 83, ISBN 9789004389892
7. ^ Kenya National Assembly Official Record (Hansard), 16 November 2000, p. 2757
8. ^ Bridgette Kasuka (8 February 2012), Prominent African Leaders Since Independence, p. 59, ISBN 9781470043582
9. ^ "Diary of events in the early life of The Queen". Official website of the British monarchy (Press release). Royal Household. 1 February 2002. Retrieved 8 November 2015.
10. ^ Ahmed, Mohamed (7 July 2019). "Symbolic tusks erected in 1952 to celebrate Queen Elizabeth's visit". Daily Nation. Nation Media Group. Archived from the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
11. ^ "Commonwealth visits since 1952". Official website of the British monarchy. Royal Household. Archived from the original on 12 April 2015. Retrieved 8 November 2015.
12. ^ "Outward State visits since 1952". Official website of the British monarchy. Royal Household. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 8 November 2015.
13. ^ "No. 39873". The London Gazette (Supplement). 26 May 1953. p. 3023.
14. ^ a b "Kenya: Heads of State: 1963-1964". archontology.org. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
15. ^ A proclamation affecting the change in royal style and titles is dated 10 Mar 1964 and took effect upon publication as Legal Notice No. 120 in Supplement No. 56 to Kenya Gazette, No. 18, 21 Apr 1964.
16. ^ Kenya Gazette: Vol. 66, Nos. 1-2, 1964, p. 454

* v
* t
* e

Heads of state of Kenya

Queen of Kenya|

* Elizabeth II (1963–1964)

President of Kenya|

1. Jomo Kenyatta (1964–1978)
2. Daniel arap Moi (1978–2002)
3. Mwai Kibaki (2002–2013)
4. Uhuru Kenyatta (2013–2022)
5. William Ruto (2022–present)

* v
* t
* e

Commonwealth realms and dominions

Current|

* Antigua and Barbuda (monarchy)
* Australia (monarchy)
* Bahamas (monarchy)
* Belize (monarchy)
* Canada (monarchy)
* Grenada (monarchy)
* Jamaica (monarchy)
* Realm of New Zealand
* Cook Islands
* New Zealand
* Niue
* Papua New Guinea (monarchy)
* Saint Kitts and Nevis (monarchy)
* Saint Lucia (monarchy)
* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (monarchy)
* Solomon Islands (monarchy)
* Tuvalu (monarchy)
* United Kingdom (monarchy)

Former|

* Barbados (monarchy)
* Ceylon (monarchy)
* Fiji (monarchy)
* The Gambia (monarchy)
* Ghana (monarchy)
* Guyana (monarchy)
* India
* Ireland (monarchy)
* Kenya (monarchy)
* Malawi (monarchy)
* Malta (monarchy)
* Mauritius (monarchy)
* Newfoundland1
* Nigeria (monarchy)
* Pakistan (monarchy)
* Rhodesia2 (monarchy)
* Sierra Leone (monarchy)
* South Africa (monarchy)
* Tanganyika (monarchy)
* Trinidad and Tobago (monarchy)
* Uganda (monarchy)

1 Annexed by Canada in 1949
2 Rhodesia unilaterally declared independence in 1965, but this was not recognised internationally. Declared itself a republic in 1970.

* v
* t
* e

Elizabeth II

Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms (1952–2022)

Realms|

* Antigua and Barbuda
* Australia
* The Bahamas
* Barbados
* Belize
* Canada
* Ceylon
* Fiji
* The Gambia
* Ghana
* Grenada
* Guyana
* Jamaica
* Kenya
* Malawi
* Malta
* Mauritius
* New Zealand
* Nigeria
* Pakistan
* Papua New Guinea
* Saint Kitts and Nevis
* Saint Lucia
* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
* Sierra Leone
* Solomon Islands
* South Africa
* Tanganyika
* Trinidad and Tobago
* Tuvalu
* Uganda
* United Kingdom

Titles and
honours|

* Head of the Commonwealth
* Defender of the Faith
* Supreme Governor of the Church of England
* Head of the British Armed Forces
* Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces
* Head of the Armed Forces (New Zealand)
* Lord of Mann
* Duke of Normandy
* Royal Family Order
* Elizabeth Cross
* Elizabeth Emblem
* Queen's Official Birthday
* Flags

Family|

* Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (husband)
* Charles III (son)
* Anne, Princess Royal (daughter)
* Prince Andrew, Duke of York (son)
* Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh (son)
* George VI (father)
* Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (mother)
* Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon (sister)
* Mountbatten-Windsor family

Early life|

* Christmas pantomimes
* 21st birthday speech
* Wedding
* Wedding dress
* Wedding cake

Accession and
coronation|

* Proclamation of accession
* Coronation
* Guests
* Participants in the procession
* Coronation chicken
* Coronation gown
* Medal
* Honours
* Award
* The Queen's Beasts
* Coronation Arches
* Orb and Sceptre
* "O taste and see"
* Treetops Hotel
* MacCormick v Lord Advocate

Reign|

* Household
* Personality and image
* Prime ministers
* Pillar Box War
* Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence
* Queen of Rhodesia
* Lithgow Plot
* 1975 Australian constitutional crisis
* Palace letters
* Marcus Sarjeant incident
* Christopher John Lewis incident
* Michael Fagan incident
* 1987 Fijian coups d'état
* 1992 Windsor Castle fire
* Annus horribilis
* Handover of Hong Kong
* Death of Diana, Princess of Wales
* 1999 Australian republic referendum
* Perth Agreement
* State Opening of Parliament
* 2021
* 2022

Jubilees|

| Silver Jubilee|

* Events
* Medal
* Honours
* Jubilee Gardens
* Jubilee line
* Jubilee Walkway
* Rosa 'Silver Jubilee'

|

Ruby Jubilee|

* Queen's Anniversary Prizes

Golden Jubilee|

* Prom at the Palace
* Party at the Palace
* Medal
* Honours
* The Odyssey
* 2002 royal tour of Canada

Diamond Jubilee|

* Pageant
* Armed Forces Parade and Muster
* Thames Pageant
* Gloriana
* Spirit of Chartwell
* Concert
* Gibraltar Flotilla
* Medal
* Honours

Sapphire Jubilee|

Sapphire Jubilee Snowflake Brooch

Platinum Jubilee|

* Medal
* Beacons
* Elizabeth line
* Platinum Party at the Palace
* Pageant
* Platinum Jubilee Celebration: A Gallop Through History
* Trooping the Colour
* National Service of Thanksgiving
* Platinum Pudding
* The Queen's Green Canopy
* Platinum Jubilee Civic Honours
* The Bahamas Platinum Jubilee Sailing Regatta
* The Queen's Platinum Jubilee Concert
* Big Jubilee Read
* "Queenhood"
* Queen's Platinum Jubilee Gardens

Commonwealth
tours|

* Aden Colony
* Antigua and Barbuda
* Australia
* official openings
* Canada
* Ceylon
* Jamaica
* New Zealand
* Saint Lucia
* Sierra Leone

| Ships used|

* HMS Vanguard (23)
* SS Gothic (1947)
* HMY Britannia

|

State visits|

| Outgoing|

* State visit to Spain
* State visit to Russia
* State visit to Ireland

|

Incoming|

* Juan Carlos I
* Pope Benedict XVI
* President Michael D. Higgins
* President Xi Jinping

Broadcasts|

* Christmas messages
* Special addresses

Depictions|

| Books|

* The Little Princesses (1950)
* The BFG (1982)
* The Queen and I (1992)
* Queen Camilla (2006)
* The Uncommon Reader (2007)
* Winnie-the-Pooh Meets the Queen (2016)

|

Documentaries|

* Royal Journey (1951)
* A Queen Is Crowned (1953)
* Royal New Zealand Journey (1954)
* The Queen in Australia (1954)
* The Royal Tour of the Caribbean (1966)
* Royal Family (1969)
* Elizabeth R: A Year in the Life of the Queen (1992)
* Monarchy: The Royal Family at Work (2007)
* The Diamond Queen (2012)
* Elizabeth at 90: A Family Tribute (2016)
* The Coronation (2018)
* Elizabeth: A Portrait in Parts (2022)
* Elizabeth: The Unseen Queen (2022)
* The Cowboy and the Queen (2023)

Fictionalised film
and television
depictions|

* Spitting Image (1984–96); (2020–21)
* The BFG (1989)
* A Question of Attribution (1992)
* Willi und die Windzors (1996)
* Her Majesty (2001)
* The Queen (2006)
* South Park: The Snuke (2007)
* The Queen (2009 TV serial)
* Happy and Glorious (2012)
* A Royal Night Out (2015)
* Minions (2015)
* The BFG (2016)
* The Crown (2016–23)
* The Queen's Corgi (2019)
* 2020 alternative Christmas message
* The Prince (2021)

Plays|

* A Question of Attribution (1988)
* The Audience (2013)
* Handbagged (2013)

Portraits|

* Herbert James Gunn (1950)
* Herbert James Gunn (1953–56)
* William Dargie (1954)
* Pietro Annigoni (1955, 1969 and 1972)
* Andy Warhol (1985)
* Richard Stone (1992 and 2015)
* Justin Mortimer (1997)
* John Wonnacott (2000)
* Rolf Harris (2005)
* Ralph Heimans (2012)
* Damien Hirst (2014)
* Henry Ward (2016)
* Ai-Da (2022)

Stamps|

* Wilding series
* Canadian domestic rate stamp
* Castle series
* Country definitives
* Machin series (list)

Statues|

* Windsor
* Winnipeg
* Lagos
* Toronto
* York Minster
* Oakham
* Antrim
* Newcastle-under-Lyme
* Andover
* London (planned)

Songs|

* "God Save the Queen" (Sex Pistols song)
* "Her Majesty"

Animals|

| Corgis|

* Dookie
* Susan

|

Horses|

* Aureole
* Burmese
* Carrozza
* Dunfermline
* Estimate
* Height of Fashion
* Highclere
* Pall Mall
* Winston

Death|

* Reactions
* Queue for the lying-in-state
* State funeral
* Operation London Bridge
* Guests
* "Like as the hart"
* "Who shall separate us?"
* "Sleep, Dearie, Sleep"
* Queen Elizabeth II Memorial Day
* Honours

Related|

* Jewels
* Namesakes
* Ships christened
* Queen Elizabeth II Commonwealth Trust
* Sagana Lodge
* Villa Guardamangia
* Dorgi
* Children's Party at the Palace
* The Queen's Birthday Party
* Jeannette Charles
* Rosa 'Queen Elizabeth'
* Queen Elizabeth cake

* ← George VI
* Charles III →

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