Quinault language

Dormant Salishan language of Washington State

Quinault

Kʷínaył
Native to| United States
Region| Olympic Peninsula, Washington
Ethnicity| 1,500 Quinault people (1977)[1]
Extinct| 1996[1]
half a dozen know some vocabulary (2007)[1]
Revival| revival efforts underway[1][2][3]

Language family

Salishan

* Coast
* Tsamosan
* Maritime
* Quinault

Language codes
ISO 639-3| `qun`
Glottolog| `quin1251`

Quinault (Kʷínaył) is a member of the Tsamosan (Olympic) branch of the Coast Salish family of Salishan languages. It is extinct, but efforts are being taken to revitalize it.

## Phonology

[edit]

Consonants  | Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal

|
|
|
|
|
|

central | sibilant | lateral | plain | lab. | plain | lab.
Plosive/
Affricate | plain | p | t | ts |  | tʃ | k | kʷ | q | qʷ | ʔ
ejective | pʼ | tʼ | tsʼ | tɬʼ | tʃʼ | kʼ | kʷʼ | qʼ | qʷʼ
voiced |  |  |  |  | dʒ | ɡ[a] |  |  |  |
Fricative | voiceless |  |  | s | ɬ | ʃ | x | xʷ | χ | χʷ | h
voiced |  |  |  |  |  | ɣ[a] |  |  |  |
Sonorant | m | n |  | l | j |  | w |  |  |

1. ^ a b A voiced fricative sound /ɣ/ may also be heard as a voiced stop [ɡ].

* Sounds /w, j, l/ can be heard as voiceless [w̥, j̊, l̥] when within voiceless positions.

* /xʷ/ may also be pronounced as [ʍ] in free variation.[4]

Vowels are represented as /i, ɛ, ə, a, ɔ, u/ and /iː uː aː/.[5][4]

Vowels  | Front | Central | Back

|
|
|

Close | i iː |  | u uː
Mid | ɛ | ə | ɔ
Open |  | a aː |

An alternative phonology is as follows:

Quinault vowels[6] | Front | Central | Back

|
|
|

Close | i |  | u
Near-close | ɪ |  |
Mid | e | ə | o
Open | a |  |

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d Quinault at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
2. ^ "Language Department". Quinault Indian Nation, WA. Retrieved 2024-05-20.
3. ^ Terry-itewaste 2016, pp. 17–20.
4. ^ a b Modrow, Ruth (1971). The Quinault dictionary. Taholah: Quinault Indian Tribe of Washington. pp. 365–386.
5. ^ Hajda, Yvonne (1990). "Southwestern Coast Salish". In Suttles, Wayne (ed.). Northwest Coast. Washington: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 503–517.
6. ^ Terry-itewaste 2016, p. 27.

## References

[edit]

* Terry-itewaste, Cosette Lelani (2016). Quinault Language Revitalization: Bridging Linguistic Theory to Community Classrooms (PhD thesis). University of Arizona.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Modrow, Ruth (1967). Introduction to the Quinault language. Taholah: Quinault Indian Tribe of Washington. LCCN 68000947. OCLC 430013.
* Modrow, Ruth (1971). The Quinault dictionary. Taholah: Quinault Indian Tribe of Washington. OCLC 1023433458.

* v
* t
* e

Salishan languages

Bella Coola|

* Nuxálk

Coast Salish|

| Central|

* Comox
* Halkomelem
* Klallam
* Lushootseed
* Nooksack
* Northern Straits
* Lummi
* Saanich
* Songhees
* Samish
* Semiahmoo
* T'Sou-ke
* Pentlatch
* shíshálh
* Squamish
* Twana

|

Tsamosan|

* Cowlitz
* Lower Chehalis
* Upper Chehalis
* Quinault

Tillamook|

* Tillamook

Interior Salish|

| Northern|

* Lillooet
* Shuswap
* Thompson River Salish

|

Southern|

* Coeur d’Alene
* Columbia-Moses
* Colville-Okanagan
* Montana Salish

Italics indicate extinct languages

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