Quneitra offensive (June 2015)

Military operation

Quneitra offensive (June 2015)

Part of the Syrian Civil War

Map showing territorial changes during the course of the 2015 Quneitra Offensive. Map covers the entirety of Quneitra Governorate, with the main area of fighting delimited with a box with a broken black line border.
| Date| 16–26 June 2015 (1 week and 3 days)

|

Location|

Quneitra Governorate, Syria

Result|  Indecisive; Minimal rebel gains[3]
Belligerents

Free Syrian Army[1]

* Southern Front

* * *

Jaish al-Haramoun

* al-Nusra Front[2]
* Islamic Front[2]
* Sword of al-Sham Brigades[citation needed]
* Ezz Brigade
* Jesus Christ Brigade

Syrian Arab Republic

* Syrian Armed Forces
* National Defense Force
* Golan Regiment

Commanders and leaders
Khaled al-Nabulsi[4]|  Unknown
Units involved

Southern Front

* First Army

Army of Conquest

* Ahrar ash-Sham
* Local Al-Nusra Front
* Tahaluf Fatah al-Sham
* Liwa al-Jihad
* Tajamu al-Mujahideen Nawa
* Liwa Ansar al-Haq
* Liwa al-Umawayn al-Islami
* Liwa Fursan al-Sunna[5]
* Harakat Shuhada al-Sham[1]

|  Golan Regiment
Liwa Suqour al-Quneitra
9th Division[6]
Strength
4,000+[7]|  Unknown
Casualties and losses
15 killed (SOHR claim)[8][9]
37 killed (18–19 June; Army claim)[6][10]|  27 killed[3][8][6][11][12]

* v
* t
* e

Syrian civil war

Timeline

*     * January–April 2011
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* * *

* Background and causes
* Casualties
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* map
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* v
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Civil uprising in Syria (March–August 2011)

* Daraa
* Baniyas
* Homs (May–August 2011)
* Talkalakh
* Rastan and Talbiseh
* 1st Jisr ash-Shughur
* 1st Jabal al-Zawiya
* Hama
* Latakia

* v
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* e

Start of insurgency (Sept. 2011 – April 2012)

* Homs (2011–14)
* Homs offensive
* 1st Idlib Gov.
* Syrian–Turkish border
* Jabal al-Zawiya
* 1st Idlib City
* Saraqeb
* 1st Rastan
* Hama Gov.
* Shayrat & Tiyas ambush
* Daraa Gov.
* 1st Rif Dimashq
* 1st Zabadani
* Douma
* Deir ez-Zor (2011–2014)
* Hatla
* Aleppo Gov.
* Azaz
* 2nd Rastan
* 1st al-Qusayr
* 2nd Idlib Gov.
* Taftanaz

* v
* t
* e

UN ceasefire; Rebel advances (May 2012 – Dec. 2013)

* 3rd Rastan
* Houla
* Northern Homs
* Al-Haffah
* Al-Qubeir
* Al-Tremseh
* 3rd Idlib Gov.
* 1st Damascus
* Bombing
* Aleppo
* Anadan
* Menagh Air Base
* Base 46
* Khan al-Assal
* 1st Aleppo offensive
* 2nd Aleppo offensive
* Syrian Kurdistan and Kurdish–Islamist conflict
* Hasaka campaign
* Ras al-Ayn
* al-Yaarubiyah
* Tell Hamis and Tell Brak
* Tell Abyad
* Nubl & Al-Zahraa
* 2nd Rif Dimashq (1st Darayya)
* Abu al-Duhur Airbase
* Quneitra Gov.
* 3rd Rif Dimashq
* 1st Yarmouk camp
* 2nd Darayya
* Darayya & Muadamiyat
* Aqrab
* 1st Hama offensive
* Halfaya
* 1st Safira
* Shadadeh
* 2nd Damascus
* 1st Raqqa campaign (1st Raqqa)
* 1st Daraa offensive
* 4th Rif Dimashq
* Jdaidet al-Fadl
* Tadamon
* Ghouta
* Al-Qusayr offensive
* 2nd al-Qusayr
* Eastern Ghouta
* 2nd Hama offensive
* Bayda and Baniyas
* 1st Latakia offensive
* Ma'loula
* Sadad
* 5th Rif Dimashq
* 1st Qalamoun
* Adra

* v
* t
* e

Rise of the Islamic State (Jan. – Sept. 2014)

* Inter-rebel conflict
* Northern Aleppo
* Markada
* 1st Deir ez-Zor offensive
* al-Otaiba ambush
* Maan
* Hosn
* Morek
* 2nd Daraa offensive
* 2nd Latakia offensive
* 4th Idlib Gov.
* Al-Malihah
* 2nd Wadi Deif
* 2nd Qalamoun
* Arsal
* Deir ez-Zor (2014–2017)
* 1st Shaer gas field
* 1st Eastern Syria
* Tabqa Airbase
* 3rd Hama offensive
* 6th Rif Dimashq
* 1st Quneitra
* Kobanî

* v
* t
* e

U.S.-led intervention, Rebel and ISIL advances (Sept. 2014 – Sept. 2015)

* U.S.-led intervention
* Homs school bombing
* 3rd Daraa offensive
* 2nd Safira
* 2014 Idlib city raid
* Nusra–FSA conflict
* 2nd Shaer gas field
* 1st Al-Shaykh Maskin
* 2nd Deir ez-Zor offensive
* 3rd Aleppo offensive
* An-26 crash
* 4th Daraa offensive
* Southern Syria
* Eastern al-Hasakah offensive
* 1st Sarrin
* Hama/Homs offensive
* Bosra
* 5th Idlib Gov
* 2nd Idlib city
* Al-Fu'ah-Kafriya
* Nasib
* 2nd Yarmouk camp
* 1st Northwestern Syria
* 3rd Qalamoun
* 1st Palmyra
* Western al-Hasakah offensive
* 1st Al-Hasakah city
* Tell Abyad
* Daraa/As-Suwayda
* 2nd Quneitra
* 2nd Sarrin
* 5th Daraa
* 2nd Al-Hasakah city
* 2nd Kobanî
* 4th Aleppo offensive
* 2nd Zabadani
* 2nd Palmyra
* Al-Ghab
* 1st al-Qaryatayn
* Douma market
* 7th Rif Dimashq
* Kuweires offensive

* v
* t
* e

Russian intervention (Sept. 2015 – March 2016)

* Russian intervention
* 3rd Quneitra
* 2nd Northwestern Syria
* 3rd Latakia offensive
* Su-24 shootdown
* 5th Aleppo offensive
* al-Hawl
* Homs offensive
* 6th Aleppo offensive
* 4th Hama offensive
* Tell Tamer
* Tishrin Dam
* 2nd Al-Shaykh Maskin
* al-Qamishli bombings
* Orontes River
* 3rd Deir ez-Zor offensive
* 1st Sayyidah Zaynab
* 7th Aleppo offensive
* 1st Ithriyah-Raqqa
* Al-Shaddadi
* Homs bombings
* 2nd Sayyidah Zaynab
* Khanasir
* 2nd Tel Abyad
* Al-Tanf
* 2nd Al-Qaryatayn
* 3rd Palmyra
* 2nd Maarat al-Nu'man

* v
* t
* e

Aleppo escalation and Euphrates Shield (March 2016 – February 2017)

* 8th Aleppo offensive
* 6th Daraa
* 9th–11th Aleppo offensives
* Al-Dumayr
* 1st East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict
* 1st Qamishli
* Aleppo bombings
* 8th Rif Dimashq
* 3rd Shaer gas field
* Northern Raqqa
* Jableh & Tartus
* Manbij
* Tokhar
* 2nd Ithriyah-Raqqa
* 9th Rif Dimashq
* 12th–14th Aleppo offensives
* 12th
* 13th
* 14th
* 4th Latakia offensive
* 1st Abu Kamal
* 3rd Qamishli
* Atmeh
* al-Rai
* 3rd Al-Hasakah City
* Operation Euphrates Shield
* Northern al-Bab
* Dabiq
* al-Bab
* 5th Hama offensive
* 1st Western al-Bab
* 1st Eastern Qalamoun
* September bombings
* 4th Quneitra
* Deir ez-Zor airstrike
* Aleppo aid convoy attack
* 15th Aleppo offensive
* Khan al-Shih
* 1st Idlib inter-rebel conflict
* 2nd Western al-Bab
* 16th Aleppo offensive
* 2nd Raqqa campaign
* 17th Aleppo offensive
* 4th Palmyra
* Wadi Barada
* 1st Syrian Desert
* Azaz bombings
* 5th Palmyra
* 4th Deir ez-Zor offensive
* 18th Aleppo offensive
* 2nd Idlib inter-rebel conflict
* 7th Daraa
* Qaboun
* 8th Daraa

* v
* t
* e

Collapse of the Islamic State in Syria (Feb. – Nov. 2017)

* Eastern Homs offensive
* al-Jina mosque
* 6th Hama offensive
* Tabqa
* Khan Shaykhun
* US Shayrat strike
* Aleppo bus bombing
* April 2017 Turkish airstrikes
* 2nd East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict
* 2nd Syrian Desert
* Maskanah
* East Hama
* 2nd Raqqa
* 9th Daraa
* Southern Raqqa
* Iranian Deir ez-Zor strike
* Ja'din
* Jobar
* 5th Quneitra
* Central Syria
* 3rd Idlib inter-rebel conflict
* 4th Qalamoun
* Deir ez-Zor (2017–2019)
* 2nd Eastern Syria
* Deir ez-Zor city
* Euphrates Crossing
* Mayadin
* 2nd Abu Kamal
* 7th Hama offensive

* v
* t
* e

Rebels in retreat and Operation Olive Branch
(Nov. 2017 – Sep. 2018)

* 3rd Northwestern Syria
* Eastern Syria insurgency
* Atarib
* Harasta
* Beit Jinn
* 3rd Syrian Desert
* 5th Deir ez-Zor offensive
* 1st Southern Damascus
* Olive Branch
* Afrin
* SDF insurgency
* Khasham
* Feb 2018 Israel–Syria incident
* 10th Rif Dimashq (Douma)
* 4th Idlib inter-rebel conflict
* 2nd Southern Damascus
* U.S.-led missile strikes
* Northern Homs
* 2nd Eastern Qalamoun
* 3rd Southern Damascus
* Deir ez-Zor SAA-SDF clashes
* House of Cards
* 1st As-Suwayda
* 2nd Southern Syria
* 2nd As-Suwayda
* 3rd As-Suwayda
* 2nd Qamishli

* v
* t
* e

Idlib demilitarization
(Sep. 2018 – April 2019)

* Idlib demilitarization
* 5th Idlib inter-rebel conflict
* Sep. 2018 missile strikes
* Iranian Eastern Euphrates strike
* Northern border clashes
* Daraa insurgency
* Manbij bombing
* Baghuz Fawqani
* U.S. airstrike

* v
* t
* e

First Idlib offensive, Operation Peace Spring, & Second Idlib offensive (April 2019 – March 2020)

* 4th Northwestern
* Tell Rifaat
* Raqqa & Azaz
* Hass
* 2nd Israeli missile strikes
* Peace Spring (2nd Ras al-Ayn)
* Kayla Mueller
* Northern bombings
* 3rd Israeli missile strikes
* Qah
* 5th Northwestern
* Balyun
* Spring Shield
* 2nd U.S. missile strikes
* 10th Daraa

* v
* t
* e

Idlib ceasefire (March 2020 – present)

* 6th Idlib inter-rebel conflict
* Ayn Issa
* Qamishli & Al-Hasakah
* 4th Israeli missile strikes
* 3rd Qamishli
* 11th Daraa
* 7th Idlib inter-rebel conflict
* 3rd Al-Hasakah city
* 1st Aleppo inter-rebel conflict
* Jabal al-Bishrī
* 2nd Aleppo inter-rebel conflict
* Claw-Sword
* Northwestern clashes
* 3rd U.S. missile strikes
* 2nd Northern clashes
* Deir ez-Zor (2023)
* 3rd Northern clashes
* Homs drone strike
* Israel–Hezbollah conflict (Iranian consulate airstrike)
* February 2024 airstrikes
* Anti-Turkish riots

* v
* t
* e

Syrian War spillover and international incidents

* Lebanon spillover
* Lebanese–Syrian border
* Sidon
* Iranian embassy bombing
* North Lebanon clashes

* * *

* Syrian–Turkish border incidents
* Turkish F4 shootdown
* Reyhanlı bombings
* Turkish occupation of northern Syria
* Kurdish riots

* * *

* Jordanian–Syrian border incidents

* * *

* Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line
* February 2018 incident
* May 2018 incident

* * *

* Iraqi–Syrian border incidents
* Akashat
* al-Shabah
* Western Nineveh
* Western Iraq

* * *

* Spillover in Iran
* 2017 Tehran attacks
* 2017 Deir ez-Zor missile strike
* 2024 Iranian airstrikes in Syria

* * *

* Spillover in Turkey
* Russian Su-24 shootdown
* Andrei Karlov
* Balyun airstrikes
* Kafr Takharim airstrikes

* * *

* Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict

* * *

* * *

* Spillover in Europe

* v
* t
* e

Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war

Foreign intervention on behalf of Syrian Arab Republic

* Russian involvement
* Iranian intervention
* 2017 missile strike
* 2012 Hezbollah involvement

Foreign intervention in behalf of Syrian rebels

* Foreign rebel fighters
* Turkish involvement
* Turkey–Islamic State conflict
* Tomb of Suleyman Shah relocation
* Euphrates Shield
* 2017 airstrikes
* Idlib Governorate operation
* Afrin operation
* 2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria
* Israel's role

U.S.-led intervention against ISIL

* US intervention
* Timeline
* List of attacks
* 2014 rescue operation
* May 2015 raid
* 2017 missile strikes
* Qatari involvement
* Jordanian intervention
* Operation Martyr Muath
* Lebanon's role
* Saudi involvement
* April 2018 missile strikes
* Dutch involvement
* German intervention
* French intervention
* Australian intervention
* UK intervention

The Quneitra offensive (June 2015) was launched by Syrian rebel forces, during the Syrian Civil War, in order to capture the last government-held positions in Quneitra Governorate: Hader, Madinat al-Baath, Khan Arnabah and the strategic hill of Tell Krum. The other objective was connecting southern rebel-held parts of Syria with Western Ghouta.[1][13]

## The offensive

[edit]

The offensive was launched on 16 June 2015. It was unclear who started the operation, with some reports saying it was the Southern Front of the Free Syrian Army,[14][15] while others that it was a newly formed coalition called Jaish al-Haramoun,[16] which was established by the al-Qaeda-linked al-Nusra Front.[2][15] According to the Southern Front, it specifically forbade the participation of al-Nusra, with a spokesman stating it does "not share the vision for a free Syria we are fighting for".[14]

The next day, the rebels surrounded the Druze town of Hadar, after they seized the Tuloul al-Hamar area,[16][17] including the strategic Tal Hamr hill north of the town.[8] Also, the rebels launched simultaneous attacks targeting Tal Shaar, Tal al Bazzaq and the town of Jaba. The attacks were repelled by Syrian armed forces.[18]

On 19 June, the SOHR reported that rebels had captured a large quantity of ammunition and weapons during ongoing clashes in the Tuloul al-Hamar area,[11] while local government reinforcements were deployed to aid the besieged Druze militia in Hader.[19] Later that day, the Syrian Army's 9th Division recaptured Tal Hamr hill, making Hader no longer besieged. In response to the Army counter-attack, rebels brought in new reinforcements.[9][10]

On 20 June, the 'Army of Conquest in the southern region' was established[20] and immediately took part in the campaign in Quneitra,[21] while the FSA announced the battle for the 160th Battalion, Infantry Battalion and Military Police barrier in Quneitra.[22] The next day, FSA's First Army announced it would not cooperate with the Army of Conquest.[23]

As of 23 June, fighting continued at the towns of Beit Jinn, Jabatha Al-Khashab and Ufaniya,[24] while the rebels once again seized several positions in the Tuloul al-Hamar area, with the Army making attempts to regain them over the following several days.[3]

On 25 June, opposition activists claimed fighting took place in Jaba village, located along the primary supply line for the government forces stationed in some of the villages and hills north of Quneitra. The rebels also claimed they were in the process of opening the way to Beit Jinn, in an attempt to trap several military brigades in the surrounding al-Hamar highlands, and cut the supply lines of government forces to Quneitra. They also claimed to had seized heat-seeking anti-aircraft Cobra rockets from military installations in the al-Hamar highlands.[25]

## Reaction

[edit]

* Israel – Israel, which has a large Druze population has been watching the offensive closely.[26] The BBC reported that "thousands of Druze protested in villages across Israel, calling on the government and international community to come to the aid of their brethren in Syria".[27] The Israeli government has stated that it will not send troops to Druze areas of Syria, though the government did lobby the United States for increased aid to the Druze populations on the Syrian side of the border.[26] However, Gadi Eizenkot, Chief of Staff of the Israeli Defense Force has stated that the "IDF will do everything it can to prevent a massacre of Syrian refugees who have taken refuge near the border with Israel".[26][28]
* Lebanon - Reactions among Druze politicians in Lebanon varied, though all expressed concern for Druze populations in Syria. Walid Jumblatt, leader of the predominantly Druze Progressive Socialist Party, "called on Syrian Druze to support the rebellion in their country, arguing that the real threat to them came from a government that killed dozens of people every day".[27] Alternatively, Wiam Wahhab of the Lebanese Unification Movement, a supporter of Bashar al-Assad, disagreed with Jumblatt's suggestion and instead "appealed for "money, volunteers, weapons" to help those in Suweida defend themselves".[27]

## Aftermath

[edit]

In late July 2015, it was reported that the Syrian Armed Forces targeted the rebel contingents at the towns of Jabatha Al-Khashab, Turnajah, Al-Hamidiyah, Al-Samadaniyah Al-Sharqiyah, and Al-Ajraf.[29]

On 25 August 2015, it was reported that the rebels had control of the Tuloul al-Hamar,[30][31][32][33] from which they sniped cars travelling on the three-kilometer dirt road between the government-held towns of Hader and Harfa.[34][35]

In late August and early September, rebel attacks on Madinat al-Baath and Khan Arnabah from Samadaniyah al-Gharbi-Al-Hamidiyah axis and Al-Huriyah-Ufaniyah axis were repelled.[36][37][38][39]

On 27 Sep 2015, it was reported that Israeli rockets had struck Syrian army positions in Brigade 90, Nabi' al-Fawwar and Tel ash Shahm army base.[40][41]

## See also

[edit]

* 2014 Quneitra offensive
* Quneitra Governorate clashes (2012–14)
* Battle of Bosra (2015)
* Battle of Nasib Border Crossing (April 2015)

* Asia portal

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c "Syrian Rebellion Obs on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
2. ^ a b c "archicivilians on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
3. ^ a b c clashes renew in Homs, shelling targets Latakia Mountains, and more deaths in the ranks of the regime forces in the countryside of Al-Quneitra Archived July 1, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. SOHR. 26 June 2015.
4. ^ "Syrian Rebellion Obs on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
5. ^ "Charles Lister on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
6. ^ a b c Leith Fadel. "Militant Offensive in Al-Quneitra Fails to Yield Any Gains". Al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 14 July 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
7. ^ "Syrian Rebellion Obs on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
8. ^ a b c "Rebels surround Druze village in Syria's Golan: activists". The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon. Archived from the original on 15 March 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
9. ^ a b edward (20 June 2015). "The regime forces advance in the vicinity of Al-Quneitra, and the factions bring reinforcement to the area". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
10. ^ a b Leith Fadel. "Breaking: Syrian Army Recaptures Tal Hamr in Al-Quneitra; Siege of Hadar Lifted". Al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 13 July 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
11. ^ a b sohranas (19 June 2015). "Members in the regime forces killed in clashes in the countryside of al- Quneitera, while civilians killed in shelling on the countryside of Darra". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
12. ^ edward (21 June 2015). "Clashes on the outskirts of Al-Quneitera leaves causalities on the regime forces' ranks". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
13. ^ "Syrian Rebellion Obs on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
14. ^ a b "Syria conflict: Rebels launch Quneitra offensive". BBC News. 17 June 2015. Retrieved 17 June 2015. "'Isam al-Rayyis, spokesman for the opposition forces tweeted that the groups involved in the operation signed an agreement that does not include the al-Nusrah Front (al-Qaeda affiliate in Syria). al-Rayyis clarified that the groups involved in the attack were fighting under the banner of the Free Syrian Army. The Southern Front had "prohibited" al-Nusra from joining the operation because it did "not share the vision for a free Syria we are fighting for", he added."
15. ^ a b "In Syria, Rebel Disputes Will Not Halt Southern Offensive". Stratfor. 17 June 2015. Retrieved 18 June 2015. "Though not formally integrated into the offensive, Jabhat al-Nusra established its own operations room and has participated in the fighting — mostly around Hadar, to the north — though it has been isolated from the Southern Front."
16. ^ a b "Syria rebels launch Quneitra campaign". 16 June 2015. Archived from the original on 17 July 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
17. ^ Clashes continue in the countryside of Al-Quneitra, and shelling targets Deir Ezzor city Archived June 17, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. SOHR. 17 June 2015.
18. ^ United Nations Disengagement Observer Force. "Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Disengagement Observer Force for the period from 29 May to 28 August 2015" (PDF). United Nations Security Council. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
19. ^ "watanisy on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
20. ^ sohranas. "Some factions establish "al- Fateh Army" in the south of Syria". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
21. ^ "Charles Lister on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
22. ^ sohranas. "Rebel and Islamic factions announce the battle of "opening the road towards the Western Ghouta"". Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
23. ^ Ahmad. "فصيل مقاتل في الجنوب السوري يعلن رفضه للتعاون مع جيش الفتح". المرصد السورى لحقوق الإنسان. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
24. ^ Leith Fadel. "Islamist Fighters and Druze Militias Clash in the Golan Heights". Al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 16 July 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
25. ^ "Syrian Opposition Launches Attack on Regime Forces". Aleteia.org – Worldwide Catholic Network Sharing Faith Resources for those seeking Truth – Aleteia.org.
26. ^ a b c Harel, Amos (18 June 2015). "How far will Israel go to protect Syria's Druze?". Haaretz. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
27. ^ a b c Irshaid, Faisal (19 June 2015). "Syria's Druze under threat as conflict spreads". BBC News. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
28. ^ Lis, Jonathan (16 June 2015). "Israeli army chief: IDF won't allow massacre of Syrian refugees on border". Haaretz. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
29. ^ Leith Fadel. "Syrian Army Captures Tal Qaba'a Near the Israeli Bordder". Al-Masdar News. Retrieved 27 September 2015.
30. ^ “جيش الحرمون” ينفي ادعاءات النظام بالتقدم في ريف القنيطرة Archived September 28, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
31. ^ "شبكة المعلومات السورية القومية الاجتماعية - Syrian Social National Information Network".
32. ^ YouTube.
33. ^ رسالة من الجيش العربي السوري بريف القنيطرة - YouTube. 17 September 2015 - via YouTube.
34. ^ al-Abed, Tarik (25 August 2015). "Quneitra between enemy fire and insurgent attacks". As-Safir. Retrieved 24 September 2015.
35. ^ طارق العبد. "طارق العبد: حضر: خط الدفاع عن القنيطرة :: عربي ودولي - جريدة السفير". جريدة السفير.
36. ^ "5 شهداء في اعتداء إسرائيلي جديد".
37. ^ خلود حسن. "أخر التطورات العسكرية حتى الساعة ." D.N.N شبكة دمشق الإخبارية.
38. ^ القنيطرة : الجيش يحبط تسلل إرهابيين من اتجاه الصمدانية والحميدية - YouTube. 24 August 2015 - via YouTube.
39. ^ "Syria in the Last 72 Hours". SYRIA 360° — REPORTING ON EVENTS IN SYRIA AND THE MIDDLE EAST - ARABIC AND ENGLISH. 13 September 2015.
40. ^ "Sami". Twitter.
41. ^ "Sami". Twitter.

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