Quzhou dialect

Wu Chinese dialect of Quzhou, China

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Quzhou dialect

衢州話
Pronunciation| [dʒy tɕiɯ ɦuɑ]
Native to| People's Republic of China
Region| Quzhou prefecture, Zhejiang

Language family

Sino-Tibetan

* Sinitic
* Wu
* Chuqu
* Quzhou dialect

Language codes
ISO 639-3| –
Glottolog| `chuz1238`
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

The Quzhou dialect (衢州話; pronounced Wu Chinese pronunciation: [d̥͡ʒ̊y.tɕiɯ.ɦuɑ][missing tone] in the Quzhou dialect) is a dialect of Wu Chinese spoken in Quzhou, China.

## Phonology

[edit]

### Initials

[edit]

| Labial | Dental | Palatal | Postalveolar | Velar | Glottal

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Nasal | m 迷  | n 拿  | ɲ 寧  |  | ŋ 咬  |
Plosive | tenuis | p 巴  | t 丁  |  |  | k 公  | ʔ 愛
aspirated | pʰ 怕  | tʰ 聽  |  |  | kʰ 空  |
slack voice | b̥ 爬  | d̥ 停  |  |  | ɡ̊ 共  |
Affricate | tenuis |  | ts 增  | tɕ 九  | tʃ 真  |  |
aspirated |  | tsʰ 寸  | tɕʰ 秋  | tʃʰ 春  |  |
slack voice |  | d̥z̥ 存  | d̥ʑ̊ 求  | d̥ʒ̊ 陳  |  |
Fricative | tenuis | f 方  | s 森  | ɕ 心  | ʃ 雙  | x 好  |
slack voice | v̥ 房  | z̥ 時  | ʑ̊ 尋  | ʒ̊ 床  | ɣ̊ 或  |
Approximant |  | l 來  | (j) 移  |  | (w) 吳  | ɦ 或

### Finals

[edit]

Medial  | Nucleus

|

∅ | ɑ  | e̞  | ɘɪ  | ɔ  | ɤ  | ə  | æ  | ən  | ã  | ɒ̃  | oŋ  | əʔ  | ənʔ  | ɐ̞ʔ  | liquid
∅ | 試 [ʐ] | 家 [ɑ] | 菜 [e̞] | 走 [ɘɪ] | 包 [ɔ] | 勾 [ɤ] | 南 [ə] | 三 [æ] | 本 [ən] | 打 [ã] | 方 [ɒ̃] | 公 [oŋ] | 六 [əʔ] | 脱 [ənʔ] | 白 [ɐ̞ʔ] | 爾 [ɫ]
i | 去 [i] | 謝 [iɑ] | 變 [ie] |  | 表 [iɔ] | 九 [iɯ] |  |  | 金 [iɲ] | 兩 [iã] | 旺 [iɒ̃] | 窘 [ioŋ] | 业 [iɘʔ] |  | 弱 [iɐ̞ʔ] | 姆 [m]
u | 布 [u] | 瓜 [uɑ] | 快 [ue̞] | 會 [uɘɪ] |  |  | 官 [uə] | 慣 [uæ] | 昏 [uən] | 昌 [uã] | 光 [uɒ̃] |  | 國 [uəʔ] |  | 划 [uɐ̞ʔ] | 魚 [ŋ]
y | 雨 [y] |  |  |  |  |  | 捐 [yə] |  | 運 [yɲ] |  |  |  | 肉 [yəʔ] |  |  | 水衢 [ɥ]

### Tones

[edit]

The Quzhou dialect is considered to have seven tones. However, since the tone split from Middle Chinese, characters still depend on the voicing of the initial consonant. These constitute just three phonemic tones: ping, shang, and qu. (Ru syllables are phonemically toneless.)

Tone chart of Quzhou dialect  Number | Tone name | Tone contour | Examples

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1  | 陰平 yīn píng | [˦] (44) | 江天飛空
2  | 陽平 yáng píng | [˩˩˨] (112) | 來同魚頭
3  | 陰上 yīn shàng | [˧˦] (34) | 懂紙古口
4  | 陽去 yáng qù | [˧˩] (31) | 外地路道
5  | 陰去 yīn qù | [˥˨] (52) | 對去馬你
6  | 陰入 yīn rù | [˩˨̚] (12) | 六肉白石
7  | 陽入 yáng rù | [˥̚] (5) | 各黑出脫

## Grammar

[edit]

### Sentence structure

[edit]

2SG

1SG

kəʔ

GEN

põ.jɤ

friend

PTCL

你 我 個 朋友 啘。

ni ŋu kəʔ põ.jɤ ue

2SG 1SG GEN friend PTCL

You are my friend

The first example can be compared with Japanese: あなたは私の友達だよ。(anata wa watashi no tomodachi dayo.) Here, 啘 resembles Japanese だよ (dayo).

渠(其)

ɡ̊i

3SG

2SG

lɔ.sʐ

teacher

ue,

PTCL,

have

t͡seɲ.d̥͡ʒ̊õ

respect

人家。

niŋ.kɒ

other

渠(其) 你 老師 啘， 要 尊重 人家。

ɡ̊i ɲi lɔ.sʐ ue, iɔ t͡seɲ.d̥͡ʒ̊õ niŋ.kɒ

3SG 2SG teacher PTCL, have respect other

He/she is your teacher, and you have to respect him/her.

kæ.piəʔ

pencil

t͡ʃiɒ

borrow

t͡sʐ

1SG

好伐？

xɔ.fɐ̞ʔ

INTERR

鉛筆 借 支 我 好伐？

kæ.piəʔ t͡ʃiɒ t͡sʐ ŋu xɔ.fɐ̞ʔ

pencil borrow CL 1SG INTERR

Can I borrow a pencil?

v̥æ

rice/meal

t͡se

again

t͡ɕʰiəʔ

eat

bowl

tʰie,

PTCL?

more

t͡ɕʰiəʔ

eat

ʃin

more+

PTCL

飯 再 喫 碗 添， 多 吃 些兒 啊。

v̥æ t͡se t͡ɕʰiəʔ uə tʰie, tu t͡ɕʰiəʔ ʃin o

rice/meal again eat bowl PTCL? more eat more+ PTCL

If you want to eat more, then eat more if you'd like.

感冒藥

kə.mɔ.jɐ̞ʔ

cold medicine

t͡ɕʰiəʔ.ləʔ

taking/eating

v̥ən

INTERR

ɲi,

2SG,

fiɔ

NEG

記弗着

t͡ɕʰi.fəʔ.t͡ʃɐ̞ʔ

verb-remember/NEG

PTCL

IMP

感冒藥 喫嘞 朆 你， 覅 記弗着 掉 唻！

kə.mɔ.jɐ̞ʔ t͡ɕʰiəʔ.ləʔ v̥ən ɲi, fiɔ t͡ɕʰi.fəʔ.t͡ʃɐ̞ʔ tɔ le

{cold medicine} taking/eating INTERR 2SG, NEG verb-remember/NEG PTCL IMP

Have you taken your cold medicine yet? Don't forget to take it!

## Lexicon

[edit]

### Pronouns

[edit]

* 我 [ŋu˥˨] 1st person singular
* 你 [ɲi˥˨] 2nd person singular
* 渠[ ɡ̊i˩˩˨] 3rd person singular
* 我達 [ŋu˥˨.d̥ɐ̞ʔ˩˨], 我拉 [ŋu˥˨.lɐ̞ʔ˩˨] (我耷) 1st person plural
* 你達 [ɲi˥˨.d̥ɐ̞ʔ˩˨, 你拉 [ɲi˥˨.lɐ̞ʔ˩˨], 爾耷- [n][tAʔ]/[d̥Aʔ], [lAʔ] 2nd person plural
* 渠達 [ɡ̊i˩˩˨.d̥ɐ̞ʔ˩˨], 渠拉 [ɡ̊i˩˩˨lɐ̞ʔ˩˨] (渠耷) 3rd person plural

## References

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*[2SG]: second person, singular
*[1SG]: first person, singular
*[GEN]: genitive case
*[PTCL]: particle
*[3SG]: third person, singular
*[CL]: classifier
*[INTERR]: interrogative mood
*[NEG]: negation/negative
*[IMP]: imperative mood
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