Ra (Javanese)

ꦫra

Aksara nglegena

Aksara pasangan

Javanese script
Latin orthography| ra
Phoneme| [r]
Unicode| A9AB

This article contains letters from the Javanese script. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Javanese characters.

ꦫ is one of the syllables in the Javanese script that represents the sounds /rɔ/, /ra/. It is transliterated to Latin as "ra", and sometimes in Indonesian orthography as "ro". It has another form (pasangan), which is ◌꧀ꦫ, but represented by a single Unicode code point, U+A9AB.[1][2][3]

## Pasangan

[edit]

Its pasangan form ◌꧀ꦫ, is located on the bottom side of the previous syllable. The pasangan only occurs if a word is ended with a consonant, and the next word starts with 'r', for example ꦲꦤꦏ꧀ꦫꦗ \- anak raja (king's child). If it is located between a consonant and a vocal, it doesn't form a pasangan. Instead it uses a special panjingan called a cakra (ꦿ) or cakra keret (ꦽ), for example ꦒꦿꦶꦪ \- griya (house).

## Murda

[edit]

The letter ꦫ doesn't have a murda form.

## Final consonant

[edit]

ꦫ cannot became final consonant (e.g. ꦫ꧀). It is replaced by layar (ꦂ). For example: ꦭꦪꦂ \- layar (sail), not ꦭꦪꦫ꧀

## Honorific form

[edit]

Some writers replaced ꦫ with ꦬ (ra agung) when addressing or discussing royal persons.[4]

## Glyphs

[edit]

Nglegena forms | Pasangan forms

|

ꦫ ra  | ꦫꦃ rah  | ꦫꦁ rang  | ꦫꦂ rar  | ◌꧀ꦫ -ra  | ◌꧀ꦫꦃ -rah  | ◌꧀ꦫꦁ -rang  | ◌꧀ꦫꦂ -rar
ꦫꦺ re  | ꦫꦺꦃ reh  | ꦫꦺꦁ reng  | ꦫꦺꦂ rer  | ◌꧀ꦫꦺ -re  | ◌꧀ꦫꦺꦃ -reh  | ◌꧀ꦫꦺꦁ -reng  | ◌꧀ꦫꦺꦂ -rer
ꦫꦼ rê  | ꦫꦼꦃ rêh  | ꦫꦼꦁ rêng  | ꦫꦼꦂ rêr  | ◌꧀ꦫꦼ -rê  | ◌꧀ꦫꦼꦃ -rêh  | ◌꧀ꦫꦼꦁ -rêng  | ◌꧀ꦫꦼꦂ -rêr
ꦫꦶ ri  | ꦫꦶꦃ rih  | ꦫꦶꦁ ring  | ꦫꦶꦂ rir  | ◌꧀ꦫꦶ -ri  | ◌꧀ꦫꦶꦃ -rih  | ◌꧀ꦫꦶꦁ -ring  | ◌꧀ꦫꦶꦂ -rir
ꦫꦺꦴ ro  | ꦫꦺꦴꦃ roh  | ꦫꦺꦴꦁ rong  | ꦫꦺꦴꦂ ror  | ◌꧀ꦫꦺꦴ -ro  | ◌꧀ꦫꦺꦴꦃ -roh  | ◌꧀ꦫꦺꦴꦁ -rong  | ◌꧀ꦫꦺꦴꦂ -ror
ꦫꦸ ru  | ꦫꦸꦃ ruh  | ꦫꦸꦁ rung  | ꦫꦸꦂ rur  | ◌꧀ꦫꦸ -ru  | ◌꧀ꦫꦸꦃ -ruh  | ◌꧀ꦫꦸꦁ -rung  | ◌꧀ꦫꦸꦂ -rur
ꦫꦿ rra  | ꦫꦿꦃ rrah  | ꦫꦿꦁ rrang  | ꦫꦿꦂ rrar  | ◌꧀ꦫꦿ -rra  | ◌꧀ꦫꦿꦃ -rrah  | ◌꧀ꦫꦿꦁ -rrang  | ◌꧀ꦫꦿꦂ -rrar
ꦫꦿꦺ rre  | ꦫꦿꦺꦃ rreh  | ꦫꦿꦺꦁ rreng  | ꦫꦿꦺꦂ rrer  | ◌꧀ꦫꦿꦺ -rre  | ◌꧀ꦫꦿꦺꦃ -rreh  | ◌꧀ꦫꦿꦺꦁ -rreng  | ◌꧀ꦫꦿꦺꦂ -rrer
ꦫꦽ rrê  | ꦫꦽꦃ rrêh  | ꦫꦽꦁ rrêng  | ꦫꦽꦂ rrêr  | ◌꧀ꦫꦽ -rrê  | ◌꧀ꦫꦽꦃ -rrêh  | ◌꧀ꦫꦽꦁ -rrêng  | ◌꧀ꦫꦽꦂ -rrêr
ꦫꦿꦶ rri  | ꦫꦿꦶꦃ rrih  | ꦫꦿꦶꦁ rring  | ꦫꦿꦶꦂ rrir  | ◌꧀ꦫꦿꦶ -rri  | ◌꧀ꦫꦿꦶꦃ -rrih  | ◌꧀ꦫꦿꦶꦁ -rring  | ◌꧀ꦫꦿꦶꦂ -rrir
ꦫꦿꦺꦴ rro  | ꦫꦿꦺꦴꦃ rroh  | ꦫꦿꦺꦴꦁ rrong  | ꦫꦿꦺꦴꦂ rror  | ◌꧀ꦫꦿꦺꦴ -rro  | ◌꧀ꦫꦿꦺꦴꦃ -rroh  | ◌꧀ꦫꦿꦺꦴꦁ -rrong  | ◌꧀ꦫꦿꦺꦴꦂ -rror
ꦫꦿꦸ rru  | ꦫꦿꦸꦃ rruh  | ꦫꦿꦸꦁ rrung  | ꦫꦿꦸꦂ rrur  | ◌꧀ꦫꦿꦸ -rru  | ◌꧀ꦫꦿꦸꦃ -rruh  | ◌꧀ꦫꦿꦸꦁ -rrung  | ◌꧀ꦫꦿꦸꦂ -rrur
ꦫꦾ rya  | ꦫꦾꦃ ryah  | ꦫꦾꦁ ryang  | ꦫꦾꦂ ryar  | ◌꧀ꦫꦾ -rya  | ◌꧀ꦫꦾꦃ -ryah  | ◌꧀ꦫꦾꦁ -ryang  | ◌꧀ꦫꦾꦂ -ryar
ꦫꦾꦺ rye  | ꦫꦾꦺꦃ ryeh  | ꦫꦾꦺꦁ ryeng  | ꦫꦾꦺꦂ ryer  | ◌꧀ꦫꦾꦺ -rye  | ◌꧀ꦫꦾꦺꦃ -ryeh  | ◌꧀ꦫꦾꦺꦁ -ryeng  | ◌꧀ꦫꦾꦺꦂ -ryer
ꦫꦾꦼ ryê  | ꦫꦾꦼꦃ ryêh  | ꦫꦾꦼꦁ ryêng  | ꦫꦾꦼꦂ ryêr  | ◌꧀ꦫꦾꦼ -ryê  | ◌꧀ꦫꦾꦼꦃ -ryêh  | ◌꧀ꦫꦾꦼꦁ -ryêng  | ◌꧀ꦫꦾꦼꦂ -ryêr
ꦫꦾꦶ ryi  | ꦫꦾꦶꦃ ryih  | ꦫꦾꦶꦁ rying  | ꦫꦾꦶꦂ ryir  | ◌꧀ꦫꦾꦶ -ryi  | ◌꧀ꦫꦾꦶꦃ -ryih  | ◌꧀ꦫꦾꦶꦁ -rying  | ◌꧀ꦫꦾꦶꦂ -ryir
ꦫꦾꦺꦴ ryo  | ꦫꦾꦺꦴꦃ ryoh  | ꦫꦾꦺꦴꦁ ryong  | ꦫꦾꦺꦴꦂ ryor  | ◌꧀ꦫꦾꦺꦴ -ryo  | ◌꧀ꦫꦾꦺꦴꦃ -ryoh  | ◌꧀ꦫꦾꦺꦴꦁ -ryong  | ◌꧀ꦫꦾꦺꦴꦂ -ryor
ꦫꦾꦸ ryu  | ꦫꦾꦸꦃ ryuh  | ꦫꦾꦸꦁ ryung  | ꦫꦾꦸꦂ ryur  | ◌꧀ꦫꦾꦸ -ryu  | ◌꧀ꦫꦾꦸꦃ -ryuh  | ◌꧀ꦫꦾꦸꦁ -ryung  | ◌꧀ꦫꦾꦸꦂ -ryur

## Unicode block

[edit]

Main article: Javanese (Unicode block)

Javanese script was added to the Unicode Standard in October, 2009 with the release of version 5.2.

Javanese[1][2]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)

| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F
U+A98x  |  ꦀ |  ꦁ |  ꦂ |  ꦃ |  ꦄ |  ꦅ |  ꦆ |  ꦇ |  ꦈ |  ꦉ |  ꦊ |  ꦋ |  ꦌ |  ꦍ |  ꦎ |  ꦏ
U+A99x  |  ꦐ |  ꦑ |  ꦒ |  ꦓ |  ꦔ |  ꦕ |  ꦖ |  ꦗ |  ꦘ |  ꦙ |  ꦚ |  ꦛ |  ꦜ |  ꦝ |  ꦞ |  ꦟ
U+A9Ax  |  ꦠ |  ꦡ |  ꦢ |  ꦣ |  ꦤ |  ꦥ |  ꦦ |  ꦧ |  ꦨ |  ꦩ |  ꦪ |  ꦫ |  ꦬ |  ꦭ |  ꦮ |  ꦯ
U+A9Bx  |  ꦰ |  ꦱ |  ꦲ |  ꦳ |  ꦴ |  ꦵ |  ꦶ |  ꦷ |  ꦸ |  ꦹ |  ꦺ |  ꦻ |  ꦼ |  ꦽ |  ꦾ |  ꦿ
U+A9Cx  |  ꧀ |  ꧁ |  ꧂ |  ꧃ |  ꧄ |  ꧅ |  ꧆ |  ꧇ |  ꧈ |  ꧉ |  ꧊ |  ꧋ |  ꧌ |  ꧍ |  |  ꧏ
U+A9Dx  |  ꧐ |  ꧑ |  ꧒ |  ꧓ |  ꧔ |  ꧕ |  ꧖ |  ꧗ |  ꧘ |  ꧙ |  |  |  |  |  ꧞ |  ꧟
Notes

1.^ As of Unicode version 16.0
2.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Campbell, George L. Compendium of the World's Languages. Vol. 1. New York: Routledge, 2000.
2. ^ Soemarmo, Marmo. "Javanese Script." Ohio Working Papers in Linguistics and Language Teaching 14.Winter (1995): 69-103.
3. ^ Daniels, Peter T and William Bright. The World's Writing Systems. Ed. Peter T Daniels and William Bright. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
4. ^ Everson, Michael (2008-03-06). "L2/08-015R: Proposal for encoding the Javanese script in the UCS" (PDF).

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Javanese language

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Letters of the Javanese script

Nglegena
consonants|

* Ha (ꦲ)
* Na (ꦤ)
* Ca (ꦕ)
* Ra (ꦫ)
* Ka (ꦏ)
* Da (ꦢ)
* Ta (ꦠ)
* Sa (ꦱ)
* Wa (ꦮ)
* La (ꦭ)
* Pa (ꦥ)
* Dha (ꦢ)
* Ja (ꦗ)
* Ya (ꦪ)
* Nya (ꦚ)
* Ma (ꦩ)
* Ga (ꦒ)
* Ba (ꦧ)
* Tha (ꦛ)
* Nga (ꦔ)

Murda
consonants|

* Ka murda (ꦑ)
* Ga murda (ꦓ)
* Na murda (ꦟ)
* Ta murda (ꦡ)
* Pa murda (ꦦ)
* Ba murda (ꦨ)
* Sa murda (ꦯ)
* Seldom used: Ca murda (ꦖ)
* Nya murda (ꦘ)

Extended
consonants|

* Often used: Pa cerek (ꦉ)
* Nga lelet (ꦊ)
* Seldom used: Nga lelet Raswadi (ꦋ)
* Ra agung (ꦬ)
* Ka sasak (ꦐ)
* Ja mahaprana (ꦙ)
* Tha mahaprana (ꦜ)
* Dha mahaprana (ꦞ)
* Da mahaprana (ꦣ)
* Sa mahaprana (ꦰ)

Final and Medial
Consonants|

* Cecak (ꦁ)
* Layar (ꦂ)
* Wignyan/visarga (ꦃ)
* Cakra (ꦿ)
* Cakra keret (ꦽ)
* Pengkal (ꦾ)
* Pangkon/virama (꧀)

Vowels|

* Wulu (ꦶ)
* Suku (ꦸ)
* Pepet (ꦼ)
* Taling (ꦺ)
* Tarung (ꦴ)
* Tolong (ꦵ)
* Dirga mure (ꦻ)
* Wulu melik (ꦷ)
* Suku mendut (ꦹ)
* Foreign: A (ꦄ)
* I (ꦆ)
* U (ꦈ)
* E (ꦌ)
* Ai (ꦍ)
* O (ꦎ)

Numbers|

* 0 (꧐)
* 1 (꧑)
* 2 (꧒)
* 3 (꧓)
* 4 (꧔)
* 5 (꧕)
* 6 (꧖)
* 7 (꧗)
* 8 (꧘)
* 9 (꧙)
* Pada pangkat (꧇)

Punctuations|

* Pada lingsa (꧈)
* Pada lungsi (꧉)
* Pada adeg (꧊)
* Pada adeg-adeg (꧋)
* Pada piseleh (꧌ and ꧍)
* Pada luhur (꧅)
* Pada madya (꧄)
* Pada andhap (꧃)
* Pada tirta tumetes (꧞)
* Pada isen-isen (꧟)
* Pada windu (꧆)
* Pangrangkep (ꧏ)
* Cecak telu (꦳)
* Panyangga (ꦀ)
* Rerenggan (꧁ and ꧂)

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