Rainbow Books

For the series of U.S. government publications on computer security standards, see Rainbow Series. For pre-Internet communications protocols, see Coloured Book protocols. For the "Reading Rainbow" children's television series, see Reading Rainbow.

Book series that contains the specifications of Compact Discs

Cover for the Green Book (CD-i) specification standard, in its eponymous color Optical discs

General

* Optical disc
* Optical disc drive
* Optical disc authoring
* Authoring software
* Recording technologies
* Recording modes
* Packet writing
* Burst cutting area

Optical media types

* Compact disc (CD): CD-DA, CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, 5.1 Music Disc, Super Audio CD (SACD), Photo CD, CD Video (CDV), Video CD (VCD), Super Video CD (SVCD), CD+G, CD-Text, CD-ROM XA, CD-i, MIL-CD, Mini CD
* Digital Versatile Disc (DVD): DVD-R, DVD+R, DVD-R DL, DVD+R DL, DVD-R DS, DVD+R DS, DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD-RAM, DVD-D, DVD-A, DVD-Video, HVD, EcoDisc, MiniDVD
* Blu-ray Disc (BD): BD-R & BD-RE, Blu-ray 3D, Mini Blu-ray Disc, 4K Blu-ray (Ultra HD Blu-ray)
* M-DISC
* Universal Media Disc (UMD)
* Enhanced Versatile Disc (EVD)
* Forward Versatile Disc (FVD)
* Holographic Versatile Disc (HVD)
* China Blue High-definition Disc (CBHD)
* HD DVD: HD DVD-R, HD DVD-RW, HD DVD-RAM
* High-Definition Versatile Multilayer Disc (HD VMD)
* VCDHD
* GD-ROM
* Personal Video Disc (PVD)
* MiniDisc (MD): MD Data, MD Data2
* Hi-MD
* LaserDisc (LD): LD-ROM, LV-ROM
* Video Single Disc (VSD)
* Magneto-optical discs
* Ultra Density Optical (UDO)
* 3D optical data storage
* Stacked Volumetric Optical Disk (SVOD)
* Fluorescent Multilayer Disc
* Hyper CD-ROM
* Nintendo optical disc (NOD)
* Archival Disc (AD)
* Professional Disc
* DataPlay

Standards

* SFF ATAPI/MMC
* Mount Rainier (packet writing)
* Mount Fuji (layer jump recording)
* Rainbow Books
* File systems
* ISO 9660
* Joliet
* Romeo
* Rock Ridge / SUSP
* El Torito
* Apple ISO 9660 Extensions
* Universal Disk Format (UDF)
* ISO 13490

See also

* History of optical storage media
* High-definition optical disc format war

* v
* t
* e

Illustration depicting each format by color.

The Rainbow Books are a collection of CD format specifications, generally written and published by the companies involved in their development, including Philips, Sony, Matsushita and JVC, among others.

A number of these specifications have been officially adopted by established standards bodies, including the ISO, IEC, and ECMA.

## Red Book (1980)

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* CD-DA (Digital Audio) – originally published by Philips and Sony in 1981,[1] it was later standardized as IEC 60908:1987[2] and later IEC 60908:1999.[3]
* CD-Text – a 1996 extension to CD-DA
* CD-MIDI – part of the original Red Book standard
* CD+G (plus Graphics) – an extension of the Red Book specifications used mainly for karaoke
* CD+EG (plus Extended Graphics) – an extension of CD+G

## Yellow Book (1983)

[edit]

* CD-ROM (Read-Only Memory)[4][5] – originally developed by Philips and Sony,[6] it was standardized as ISO/IEC 10149[7] in 1988 and ECMA-130[8] in 1989
* CD-ROM XA (eXtended Architecture) – a 1991 extension of CD-ROM, developed by Philips and Sony[9]

## Green Book (1986)

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* CD-i (Interactive) – standard developed and published by Phillips.[10]

## Orange Book (1990)

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Orange is a reference to the fact that red and yellow mix to orange. This correlates with the fact that CD-R and CD-RW are capable of audio ("Red") and data ("Yellow"); although other colors (other CD standards) that do not mix are capable of being burned onto the physical medium. Orange Book also introduced the standard for multisession writing.

* CD-MO (Magneto-Optical)[11]
* CD-R (Recordable) alias CD-WO (Write Once) alias CD-WORM (Write Once, Read Many) – originally developed by Sony and Philips,[12] it was partially standardized as ECMA-394.[13]
* CD-RW (ReWritable) alias CD-E (Eraseable) – originally developed by Philips, Sony and Ricoh,[14] it was partially standardized as ECMA-395.[15]

## Beige Book (1992)

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* Photo CD (Photo) — proprietary standard jointly developed by Philips and Eastman Kodak;[16] never released to the public[17]

## White Book (1993)

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The White Book refers to a standard of compact disc that stores pictures and video.

* CD-i Bridge[18] \- a bridge format between CD-ROM XA and the Green Book CD-i, which is the base format for Video CDs, Super Video CDs and Photo CDs.
* VCD (Video) – a standard jointly developed and published by JVC, Matsushita, Philips and Sony.[19]
* SVCD (Super Video, 1998) – a 1998 extension of VCD, standardized as IEC 62107 in 2000.[20]

## Blue Book (1995)

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The Blue Book is a compact disc standard that defines the Enhanced Music CD format, which combines audio tracks and data tracks on the same disc.

* E-CD/CD+/CD Extra (Enhanced)[21] – a standard jointly developed and published by Microsoft, Philips and Sony

## Scarlet Book (1999)

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Scarlet color of this book is a reference to the Red Book, which defines original CDDA.

* SACD (Super Audio)[22] – a standard jointly developed and published by Philips and Sony

## Purple Book (2000)

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A standard developed by Philips and Sony in the late 1990s, with over 1 GB in capacity and recordable/re-recordable capabilities.[23]

* DDCD (Double Density) – divided in three separate specifications:
* DD-ROM (Double Density Read-Only)[24]
* DD-R (Double Density Recordable)[25]
* DD-RW (Double Density ReWritable)[26]

## See also

[edit]

* ISO 9660, a 1986 filesystem standard used in conjunction with CD-ROM formats.
* Orange-Book-Standard, a decision named after the Compact Disc standard, issued in 2009 by the German Federal Court of Justice on the interaction between patent law and standards

## References

[edit]

1. ^ N.V. Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken and Sony Corporation (1981). Compact Disc Digital Audio System Description.
2. ^ International Electrotechnical Commission (1987), IEC 60908:1987 Compact disc digital audio system, archived from the original on 4 September 2015, retrieved 6 May 2015
3. ^ International Organization for Standardization (1999), IEC 60908:1999 Audio recording – Compact disc digital audio system (PDF), archived (PDF) from the original on 16 October 2015, retrieved 6 May 2015
4. ^ "InfoWorld Vol. 16, No. 23". InfoWorld. June 6, 1994. p. 88. Retrieved March 25, 2020.
5. ^ "Proceedings of the 5th Annual Federal Depository Library Conference". U.S. Government Printing Office. April 15–18, 1996. p. 11. Retrieved February 10, 2022.
6. ^ Philips Electronics N.V., and Sony Corporation (1983). Compact Disc Read Only Memory System Description.
7. ^ International Organization for Standardization (1995). "ISO/IEC 10149:1995 – Information technology – Data interchange on read-only 120 mm optical data disks (CD-ROM)". Archived from the original on January 15, 2019. Retrieved August 6, 2010.
8. ^ "Data Interchange on Read-only 120 mm Optical Data Disks (CD-ROM)" (PDF). ECMA. June 1996. Retrieved December 31, 2023.
9. ^ Philips Electronics N.V., and Sony Corporation (1991). System Description CD-ROM XA. Eindhoven, The Netherlands: Philips Intellectual Property and Standards.
10. ^ Philips Consumer Electronics B.V; and Sony Corporation (1994). Green Book Version May 1994, Release 2 (PDF). Eindhoven, The Netherlands: Royal Philips Electronics System Standards & Licensing. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 9, 2019. Retrieved October 9, 2019.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
11. ^ Philips Electronics N.V., and Sony Corporation (1990). Recordable Compact Disc Systems System Description, Part I: CD-MO. Eindhoven, The Netherlands: Philips Intellectual Property and Standards. Retrieved November 1, 2024.
12. ^ Philips Electronics N.V., and Sony Corporation (1990). Recordable Compact Disc Systems System Description, Part II: CD-WO. Eindhoven, The Netherlands: Philips Intellectual Property and Standards. Retrieved November 1, 2024.
13. ^ Ecma (2010). ECMA-394. Recordable compact disc systems CD-R multi-speed. 1st edition, December 2010 (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on February 27, 2024. Retrieved October 30, 2024.
14. ^ Philips Electronics N.V.; Ricoh Company, Limited; and Sony Corporation (1996). Compact Disc ReWriteable System Description. Eindhoven, The Netherlands: Philips Intellectual Property & Standards.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
15. ^ Ecma (2010). ECMA-394. Recordable compact disc systems CD-RW multi-speed. 1st edition, December 2010 (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on July 15, 2024. Retrieved October 31, 2024.
16. ^ Eastman Kodak Corporation and Philips Electronics N.V. (1994). System Description Photo CD.
17. ^ Richard Anderson (September 22, 2015). "Archive File Formats". American Society of Media Photographers. Retrieved October 31, 2024.
18. ^ Philips Electronics N.V. and Sony Corporation (1995). CD-I Bridge Specification. Retrieved October 31, 2024.
19. ^ Victor Company of Japan, Ltd.; Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.; Philips Electronics N.V; and Sony Corporation (1994). Video CD Specifications.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
20. ^ International Electrotechnical Commission (2000). "IEC 62107:2000 – Super video compact disc - Disc-interchange system-specification". Retrieved October 30, 2024.
21. ^ Microsoft Corporation, Philips Electronics N.V., and Sony Corporation (1995). Enhanced Music CD Specification. Philips Consumer Electronics B.V. Coordination Office Optical & Magnetic Media Systems.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
22. ^ Philips Electronics N.V., and Sony Corporation (2002). Super Audio CD System Description. Eindhoven, The Netherlands: Philips Intellectual Property and Standards.
23. ^ Peek, Hans; Bergmans, Jan; van Haaren, Jos; Toolenaar, Frank; Stan, Sorin (2009). Origins and Successors of the Compact Disc: Contributions of Philips to Optical Storage (PDF). Springer. p. 164\. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9553-5. ISBN 978-1-4020-9552-8.
24. ^ Royal Philips Electronics and Sony Corporation (2001). 1.3GB Read-Only Compact Disc Systems. Double Density CD Read-Only.
25. ^ Royal Philips Electronics and Sony Corporation (2001). 1.3GB Recordable Compact Disc Systems. Double Density CD Recordable.
26. ^ Royal Philips Electronics and Sony Corporation (2001). 1.3GB ReWritable Compact Disc Systems. Double Density CD ReWritable.

## External links

[edit]

* Philips CD Specifications
* "The Great Books". The World of CDs and DVDs. ThinkQuest. Archived from the original on 2012-12-09. Retrieved 2010-04-07.

* v
* t
* e

Rainbow Books

* Red Book
* CD-DA
* CD-Text
* CD+G
* CD+EG
* Green Book
* CD-i
* CD-i Ready
* Yellow Book
* CD-ROM
* CD-ROM XA
* Mixed Mode CD
* Orange Book
* CD-MO
* CD-R
* CD-RW
* White Book
* VCD
* SVCD
* CD-i Bridge
* Blue Book
* E-CD/CD+
* Beige Book
* PCD
* Scarlet Book
* SACD
* Purple Book
* DDCD

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