Rapa Nui mythology

Mythology of culture on Easter Island

All the fifteen standing moai of Ahu Tongariki.

Rapa Nui mythology, also known as Pascuense mythology or Easter Island mythology, refers to the native myths, legends, and beliefs of the Rapa Nui people of Easter Island in the south eastern Pacific Ocean.

## Origin myth

[edit]

Main article: Hotu Matu'a

According to Rapa Nui mythology Hotu Matuꞌa was the legendary first settler and ariki mau ("supreme chief" or "king") of Easter Island.[1] Hotu Matu'a and his two-canoe (or one double-hulled canoe) colonising party were Polynesians from the now unknown land of Hiva Nuku Hiva, Hiva Oa, Fatu Hiva, Mount Oave, Marquesas Islands, Tahiti, Fenua. They landed at Anakena beach and his people spread out across the island, sub-divided it between clans claiming descent from his sons, and lived for more than a thousand years in their isolated island home at the southeastern tip of the Polynesian Triangle until the arrival of Dutch captain Jacob Roggeveen, who arrived at the island in 1722.[2]

## Ancestor cult

[edit]

Main article: Moai

The most visible element in the culture was the production of massive statues called moai that represented deified ancestors. It was believed that the living had a symbiotic relationship with the dead where the dead provided everything that the living needed (health, fertility of land and animals, fortune, etc.), and the living through offerings provided the dead with a better place in the spirit world. Most settlements were located on the coast and moai were erected along the coastline, watching over their descendants in the settlements before them, with their backs toward the spirit world in the sea.[3]

## Tangata manu cult

[edit]

Main article: Tangata manu

The Tangata manu or bird-man cult succeeded the island's Moai era when warfare erupted over dwindling natural resources and construction of statues stopped.[4] The deity Make-make was the chief god of the birdman cult. The cult declined after the island population adopted Catholicism, though the birdman's popularity and memory were not erased and it is still present in the decoration of the island's church.[5]

## Deities and heroes

[edit]

* Make-make, creator of humanity
* Uoke, tectonic deity
* Hotu Matu'a, legendary king and cultural hero
* Aku-Aku, spirits of the dead
* Manana Take
* Tangata manu
* Hanau epe
* Haua
* Hina-Oio

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Carlos Mordo, Easter Island (Willowdale, Ontario: Firefly Books Ltd., 2002)
2. ^ Steven L. Danver (22 December 2010). Popular Controversies in World History: Investigating History's Intriguing Questions. ABC-CLIO. pp. 223–224\. ISBN 978-1-59884-077-3. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
3. ^ Barbara A. West (2009). Encyclopedia of the peoples of Asia and Oceania. Infobase Publishing. pp. 683–684\. ISBN 978-0-8160-7109-8. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
4. ^ Phil Cousineau (1 July 2003). Once and Future Myths: The Power of Ancient Stories in Our Lives. Conari Press. pp. 181–182\. ISBN 978-1-57324-864-8. Retrieved 12 January 2012.
5. ^ Steven L. Danver (22 December 2010). Popular Controversies in World History: Investigating History's Intriguing Questions. ABC-CLIO. p. 225\. ISBN 978-1-59884-077-3. Retrieved 10 January 2012.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Kjellgren, Eric; et al. (2001). Splendid isolation: art of Easter Island. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 9781588390110.
* Robert D. Craig. Dictionary of Polynesian mythology. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1989 ISBN 0-313-25890-2, ISBN 978-0-313-25890-9
* Peggy Mann. Easter Island: land of mysteries. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1976. ISBN 0-03-014056-0, ISBN 978-0-03-014056-3

## External links

[edit]

* Easter Island legends and myths \- Easter Island Traveling

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Polynesian mythology

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Easter Island

Culture|

* Rapa Nui people
* Language
* History
* Music
* Mythology
* Rongorongo glyphs
* Tangata manu

| Stone work|

* Moai
* Pukao

|

Archaeological sites|

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Culture of indigenous Oceania

List of resources about traditional arts and culture of Oceania

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* New Zealand
* Māori
* nguzu nguzu
* Oceania
* Papua New Guinea
* reimiro
* tā moko
* tabua
* taʻovala
* tapa ["masi" (Fiji), "ngatu" (Tonga), "siapo" (Sāmoa), " ʻuha" (Rotuma)]
* tattoo
* tēfui
* tivaevae

Broad culture|

* areca nut
* "yaqona" (Fiji), or "sakau" (Pohnpei)
* Kava culture
* Lapita
* Māori
* Polynesia
* Sāmoa 'ava ceremony
* Wood carving

Geo-specific,
general|

* Australia
* Australian Aboriginal astronomy)
* Austronesia
* Caroline Islands, -Pwo
* Chatham Islands
* Cook Islands
* Easter Island
* Fiji
* Lau Islands
* traditions and ceremonies
* Guam
* Lomilomi massage
* Kiribati
* French Polynesia's Marquesas Islands
* Federated States of Micronesia
* Nauru
* New Caledonia
* New Zealand
* Māori
* Niue
* Norfolk Island
* Palau
* Papua New Guinea
* Pitcairn Islands
* Sāmoa
* Solomon Islands
* Tonga
* Torres Strait Islands
* Tuvalu
* Vanuatu
* Wallis and Futuna
* Polynesian Navigation
* Micronesian Navigation
* Marshall Islands
* Stick charts of
* Yap
* navigation
* Weriyeng navigation school

Canoes|

* Aboriginal dugout
* Alingano Maisu
* Bangka
* Drua
* Dugout (boat)
* Hōkūleʻa
* Kaep
* Karakoa
* Māori migration
* Outrigger
* Paopao (Tuvalu)
* Paraw
* Polynesian sailing
* Proa
* Vinta
* Waka
* list
* Walap

Dance|

* ʻAparima
* cibi
* fara
* fire dancing
* firewalking
* haka
* hivinau
* hula
* kailao
* kapa haka
* Kiribati
* meke
* 'ote'a
* pa'o'a
* poi
* Rotuma
* siva
* Tahiti
* tāmūrē
* tautoga
* Tonga
* Tuvalu
* 'upa'upa

Festivals|

* Australia
* Garma Festival
* Hawaiʻi
* Aloha Festivals
* Merrie Monarch Festival
* World Invitational Hula Festival
* Fiji
* New Zealand
* Pasifika Festival
* Te Matatini
* Pacific Community
* Festival of Pacific Arts
* Papua New Guinea

Languages|

| by area|

* v
* t
* e

Languages of Oceania

Sovereign states|

* Australia
* Federated States of Micronesia
* Fiji
* Indonesia
* Kiribati
* Marshall Islands
* Nauru
* New Zealand
* Palau
* Papua New Guinea
* Samoa
* Solomon Islands
* Timor-Leste
* Tonga
* Tuvalu
* Vanuatu

Associated states
of New Zealand|

* Cook Islands
* Niue

Dependencies
and other territories|

* American Samoa
* Christmas Island
* Cocos (Keeling) Islands
* Easter Island
* French Polynesia
* Guam
* Hawaii
* New Caledonia
* Norfolk Island
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Pitcairn Islands
* Tokelau
* Wallis and Futuna

by category|

Languages of Oceania

Literature|

* v
* t
* e

Literature of Oceania

Sovereign states|

* Australia
* Federated States of Micronesia
* Fiji
* Indonesia
* Kiribati
* Marshall Islands
* Nauru
* New Zealand
* Palau
* Papua New Guinea
* Samoa
* Solomon Islands
* Timor-Leste
* Tonga
* Tuvalu
* Vanuatu

Associated states
of New Zealand|

* Cook Islands
* Niue

Dependencies
and other territories|

* American Samoa
* Christmas Island
* Cocos (Keeling) Islands
* Easter Island
* French Polynesia
* Guam
* Hawaii
* New Caledonia
* Norfolk Island
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Pitcairn Islands
* Tokelau
* Wallis and Futuna

Music|

* Austral Islands (French Polynesia)
* Australia
* Austronesia
* Cook Islands
* Easter Island
* Fiji
* Guam
* Kiribati
* Lali
* Melanesia
* Micronesia
* Federated States of Micronesia
* Nauru
* New Caledonia
* New Zealand
* Māori
* Niue
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Palau
* Papua New Guinea
* Polynesia
* Sāmoa
* Slit drum
* Solomon Islands
* Tahiti
* Tokelau
* Tonga
* Tuvalu
* Vanuatu
* Wallis and Futuna

Mythology|

* Australian Aboriginal
* Fijian
* Mangarevan
* Maohi
* Māori
* Melanesian
* Menehune
* Micronesian
* Oceanian legendary creatures
* Polynesian
* Rapa Nui
* Samoan
* Tuvaluan
* Vanuatuan

Research|

* Asian American and Pacific Islander Policy Research Consortium
* Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies

People|

* Indigenous Australian
* Austronesian
* Sama-Bajau
* Chamorro
* Chatham Islander (Moriori or Rekohu)
* Fijian (iTaukei)
* Hawaiian
* Ilocano
* Igorot
* Ivatans
* Lumad
* Māori
* Marshallese
* Melanesian
* Micronesian
* Negrito
* Norfolk Islander
* Papuan
* Polynesian
* Indigenous Polynesian (Mā’ohi)
* Rapa Nui
* Rotuman
* Samoan (Tagata Māo‘i)
* Tagalog
* Tahitian
* Taiwanese aborigines
* Tokelauan
* Tongan
* Torres Strait Islander
* Visayans
* Yami

Religion|

* v
* t
* e

Religion in Oceania

Sovereign states|

* Australia
* Federated States of Micronesia
* Fiji
* Indonesia
* Kiribati
* Marshall Islands
* Nauru
* New Zealand
* Palau
* Papua New Guinea
* Samoa
* Solomon Islands
* Timor-Leste
* Tonga
* Tuvalu
* Vanuatu

Associated states
of New Zealand|

* Cook Islands
* Niue

Dependencies
and other territories|

* American Samoa
* Christmas Island
* Cocos (Keeling) Islands
* Easter Island
* French Polynesia
* Guam
* Hawaii
* New Caledonia
* Norfolk Island
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Pitcairn Islands
* Tokelau
* Wallis and Futuna

For other topics including Oceanian cinema, indigenous currency, dress, folklore and cuisine, see Category:Culture of Oceania.

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