Reactions to the assassination of Qasem Soleimani

Worldwide responses to the killing of Qasem Soleimani and other military commanders

This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. (January 2020)

|

* v
* t
* e

Iraqi insurgency
(2017–present)

Battles and operations

* Sinjar

* * *

Major insurgent attacks

* 2018 Baghdad
* 2018 Asdira
* Hawija
* Al Tarmia
* Al-Qa'im
* Karbala
* Kirkuk
* Jan 2021 Baghdad
* Diyala

* * *

Cross-border operations

* Deir ez-Zor
* Syrian Desert

* * *

Iranian–U.S. conflict

* K-1 Air Base
* 2019 U.S. bombing of Kata'ib Hezbollah
* Attack on U.S. embassy in Baghdad
* Assassination of Qasem Soleimani
* reactions
* Operation Martyr Soleimani
* Camp Taji
* 2021 Erbil
* Feb 2021 U.S. bombing of Kata'ib Hezbollah
* Jun 2021 U.S. bombing of Kata'ib Hezbollah
* 2022 Erbil
* American–Middle East conflict

The killing of Iranian Major General and Quds Force commander Qasem Soleimani in Iraq by the United States brought strong reactions from around the world.

## United Nations

[edit]

A BBC article on 9 July 2020, has a link to the Report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions (5 June – 3 July 2020) which states:

> "Accordingly, in light of the evidence that the US has provided to date, the targeting of General Soleimani, and the deaths of those accompanying him, constitute an arbitrary killing for which, under IHRL, the US is responsible. The strike was in violation of Art. 2(4) of the UN Charter with insufficient evidence provided of an ongoing or imminent attack. No evidence has been provided that General Soleimani specifically was planning an imminent attack against US interests, particularly in Iraq, for which immediate action was necessary and would have been justified. No evidence has been provided that a drone strike in a third country was necessary or that the harm caused to that country was proportionate to the harm allegedly averted. While there is information suggesting that the US requested, at least in December 2019, that Iraq take action against Kata'ib Hezbollah, no evidence has been provided that Iraq was consulted on how to alleviate any threats posed to the US arising from the visit of General Soleimani, such that Iraq should bear the burden of addressing those threats. No evidence has been produced that there was no time for the US to seek aid from the international community, including the UNSC, in addressing the alleged imminent threats. Major General Soleimani was in charge of Iran military strategy, and actions, in Syria and Iraq. But absent an actual imminent threat to life, the course of action taken by the US was unlawful."[1][2]

## Iran

[edit]

Main articles: Funeral of Qasem Soleimani, Thirteen revenge scenarios, and Operation Martyr Soleimani

Further information: Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752

Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei declared three days of mourning,[3] and vowed to take "harsh revenge" against the U.S.[4][5]

President Hassan Rouhani also said that Iran "will take revenge".[6]

Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif posted on Twitter that the attack was "an extremely dangerous and foolish escalation" and released a statement saying that "the brutality and stupidity of American terrorist forces in assassinating Commander Soleimani ... will undoubtedly make the tree of resistance in the region and the world more prosperous."[7] But in the leaked audiotape, he declared that "by assassinating [Soleimani] in Iraq, the United States delivered a major blow to Iran, more damaging than if it had wiped out an entire city in an attack".[8]

Majid Takht-Ravanchi, the Permanent Representative of Iran to the United Nations, wrote in an official letter to the United Nations Security Council and Secretary-General António Guterres: "by any measure, is an obvious example of State terrorism and, as a criminal act, constitutes a gross violation of the fundamental principles of international law, including, in particular, those stipulated in the Charter of the United Nations".[9]

Minister of Information and Communications Technology Mohammad-Javad Azari Jahromi compared Trump to ISIL, Hitler, and Genghis Khan, also calling him a "terrorist in a suit."[10]

Former IRGC commander Mohsen Rezaee posted that "[Soleimani] joined his martyred brothers, but we will take vigorous revenge on America."[7] Soleimani's daughter Zeinab Soleimani said during her father's funeral that "the families of the American soldiers in western Asia will spend their days waiting for the death of their children."[11]

Red flag hoisted on Jamkaran Mosque. Video from FARS News Agency.

On 4 January, a red flag unfurled above the dome of Jamkaran Mosque in response to the airstrike, that according to Washington Examiner, symbolizes vengeance.[12] While being broadcast on Iran's Channel One, the eulogist at Soleimani's funeral procession addressed a crowd during processions at Mashhad and called for a bounty of US$80 million (roughly US$1 for every Iranian citizen) to be placed on Donald Trump.[13][14]

On 7 January, Iran's parliament approved a €200 million increase in the Quds Force's budget, to be used in two months.[15] Iran's parliament also voted to declare the United States Armed Forces to be a terrorist organization.[16]

On 8 January, Iran's President Hassan Rouhani praised Qasem Soleimani's merits on fighting ISIS, al-Nusra and al-Qaeda and announced, Iran's "final answer to his assassination will be to kick all US forces out of the region".[17][18]

### Reactions from Iranian opposition groups

[edit]

* The People's Mojahedin of Iran, an exiled Iranian militant group, welcomed the killing of Soleimani. Its leader Maryam Rajavi, the wife of the disappeared Massoud Rajavi, stated that the killing is an "irreparable blow for the regime of the mullahs" while she accused Soleimani of being "one of the biggest criminals in Iran's history" and "personally implicated in the massacre of thousands of people in the region".[19]
* The exiled Tudeh Party of Iran condemned the airstrike, while simultaneously criticizing the Iranian regime for intervening in both Iraq and Lebanon.[20]
* Reza Pahlavi II, heir to the throne of the Shah of the defunct Imperial State of Iran, strongly backed the airstrike and killing of Soleimani saying that it is "a breakthrough that is positive for the region."[21]

## Iraq

[edit]

Outgoing Prime Minister Adel Abdul Mahdi condemned the attack, calling it an assassination and stating that the strike was an act of aggression and a breach of Iraqi sovereignty which would lead to war in Iraq and declared three days of national mourning.[22] He said the strike violated the agreement on the presence of U.S. forces in Iraq and that safeguards for Iraq's security and sovereignty should be met with legislation.[23] The media office of the Iraqi military's joint operations forces posted a photo of a destroyed vehicle on fire after the attack.[24] The speaker of Iraq's parliament Mohammed al Halbousi vowed to "put an end to U.S. presence" in Iraq.[25] On January 5 in reaction to the airstrikes the Iraqi parliament passed a bill calling for the expulsion of US troops from the country.[26]

Muqtada al-Sadr, leader of the Sadrist Movement and the Saraya al-Salam militia, ordered his followers to "prepare to defend Iraq".[27] He later called for ceasefire.[28]

After the Iranian missile attack on U.S. forces in Iraq, Iran-backed Iraqi militia commander Qais Khazali said that Iran had made its initial response for the United States killing its top general, and it was now time for Iraq to give its initial response to the assassination of Popular Mobilization Forces's deputy commander Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis.[29]

On 24 January, several hundred thousand Iraqis protested against U.S. military presence in Iraq and called for them to leave the country after Shia cleric Muqtada al-Sadr called for a "Million Man March." Iraqi President Barham Salih tweeted, "Iraqis insist on a state with complete sovereignty that will not be breached."[30]

In January 2021, a judge in Baghdad's court issued an arrest warrant for President Donald Trump.[31]

Sheikh Kataib, a leader of Iran-backed Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada militia said Soleimani’s assassination had “greatly affected” the morale of Shia-aligned outfits across the region, told this reporter during a trip to Baghdad in 2022, “Qassem would come and say hello to the leaders. But then he also said hello to the cooks and cleaners; he would kiss them. He was a supporter of the oppressed. These men died poor when they could have earned so much.”[32]

## United States

[edit]

See also: United States threat for destruction of Iranian cultural sites

U.S. President Donald Trump delivers remarks on the airstrikes, Mar-a-Lago, 3 January 2020.

President Trump tweeted pictures of the American flag shortly before the United States confirmed its responsibility for the attacks, at 3:00 a.m. GMT on 3 January 2020 (6:00 am in Baghdad).[33] In a subsequent public statement he said he had authorized the strike because Soleimani was plotting "imminent and sinister attacks" on Americans. He added, "We took action last night to stop a war. We did not take action to start a war."[34] He also said that he did not seek a regime change in Iran.[35] On 4 January, Trump tweeted that 52 Iranian targets (representing the 52 American hostages in the 1979–1981 Iran hostage crisis) had been selected if Iran "strikes any Americans, or American assets".[36][37] In the same tweet, Trump also mentioned targeting Iranian "cultural sites", an act that would constitute a violation of international law under the Hague Convention, but not if used by Iran as cover for weapons that could target U.S. interests.[38] Trump insisted he would not hesitate to destroy such targets even after some said it could be considered a war crime.[39]

On the day of the strike, U.S. secretary of state Mike Pompeo asserted the attack was ordered by Trump to disrupt an "imminent attack" by Soleimani operatives, although subsequent reports on that rationale were mixed.[40][41][42][43] After the strike, Pompeo tweeted a video he said showed Iraqis celebrating Soleimani's death on the streets of Baghdad, although the video showed no more than 40 individuals among a crowd of thousands and the minor demonstration ended within two minutes.[44] In a tweet, former National Security Advisor John Bolton called the airstrike "a long in the making, decisive blow against Iran's malign Quds Force activities worldwide ... Hope this is the first step to regime change in Tehran."[45] Vice President Mike Pence claimed without evidence that Soleimani was involved in the 9/11 attacks.[46][47][48]

US Ambassador to the United Nations Kelly Craft wrote a letter to the UN Security Council in which she said that the act was one of self-defense.[49] At the same time, she wrote in the letter that the US stood "ready to engage without preconditions in serious negotiations with Iran, with the goal of preventing further endangerment of international peace and security or escalation by the Iranian regime."[49]

When asked about the possible responses that Iran could take to this action, former Deputy Secretary of Defense Michael Mulroy said that the IRGC Quds Force has a worldwide reach and that targets would include American civilians, and that Iraq might decide to expel U.S. forces in their country.[50] Former Defense Secretary and CIA Director Leon Panetta warned that the U.S. is closer to war with Iran than at any time in the last 40 years.[51]

Characterizing the attack as "murder", "assassination", "act of war", or something else proved controversial.[52][53] Some critics of Trump described the attack as a wag the dog incident to distract from impeachment proceedings,[54] parallel to the bombing of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Sudan by president Bill Clinton during his own impeachment process,[55] which had itself been seen as reminiscent of the contemporaneous film Wag the Dog.[56] In 2011 and 2012, Trump asserted that President Obama would start a war with Iran to improve his reelection chances.[57][58]

According to a Facebook spokesperson, Instagram and its parent company Facebook were picking up posts "that voice support for slain Iranian commander Qasem Soleimani to comply with US sanctions".[59]

### Domestic U.S. political reactions

[edit]

Republican Senate leader Mitch McConnell addresses the U.S. Senate, 3 January 2020 Democratic Senate leader Chuck Schumer addresses the U.S. Senate, 3 January 2020

American politicians reacted along party lines. Republicans generally supported the mission, while Democrats blamed Soleimani "for the deaths of hundreds of American servicemen during the Iraq war" but questioned the wisdom, timing, and motivation for the attack.[60]

Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell celebrated the attack, referring to Soleimani as "Iran's master terrorist".[61] House of Representatives Speaker Nancy Pelosi referred to the strike as "provocative and disproportionate", and introduced a "war powers resolution" requiring Trump's administration to end hostilities with Iran not approved by Congress within 30 days.[62]

All the Democratic candidates for the 2020 U.S. presidential election, political challengers to Trump, largely condemned the airstrike. Former Vice President Joe Biden warned of further escalation and said that Trump "just tossed a stick of dynamite into a tinderbox".[63] Senator Bernie Sanders said that "Trump's dangerous escalation brings us closer to another disastrous war in the Middle East that could cost countless lives and trillions more dollars."[63] Senator Elizabeth Warren described the attack as a wag the dog, an attempt by Trump to distract from the impeachment process through an act of war.[54] South Bend, Indiana Mayor Pete Buttigieg said the Trump administration must plan for possible consequences before taking action, must ensure its action is supported by its allies, and must take only actions that will benefit U.S. national interests and stability in the region.[64] Representative Tulsi Gabbard called the airstrike an act of war by President Trump and a violation of the U.S. Constitution, arguing that the president does not have Congressional authorization for such an act.[65] At the seventh Democratic Party presidential debate hosted by CNN and the Des Moines Register at Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa, the candidates Bernie Sanders, Tom Steyer, and Pete Buttigieg favored a complete U.S. disengagement from the region, while Joe Biden and Amy Klobuchar defended retaining special forces in Iraq.[66] Meanwhile, President Trump used the killing of Soleimani to promote his reelection campaign, in which he defended the action at rallies in Toledo and Milwaukee.[67][68]

Sanders, along with Representative Ro Khanna, announced that they would be introducing legislation to prevent the use of Pentagon funding for military action in Iran without Congressional approval.[69] Tim Kaine (D-VA), a member of the Senate Armed Services and Foreign Affairs Committees, said, "Congress must act to stop President Trump from entangling America in yet another unnecessary war in the Middle East."[70] In June 2019, Kaine had introduced a resolution to require Congressional authorization before going to war with Iran,[70] and on 3 January 2020 he introduced a similar resolution.[71] Kaine's counterpart, Mark Warner (D-VA) said it is not clear that the Trump administration has a clear plan to prevent another endless war in the Middle East.[72]

Senator Rand Paul (R-KY) criticized the airstrikes, saying that it will increase tensions between the two countries.[73] Fox News's Tucker Carlson criticized the killing and "chest-beaters" who promote foreign interventions, particularly Senator Ben Sasse (R-NE). He asked, "By the way, if we're still in Afghanistan, 19 years, sad years, later, what makes us think there's a quick way out of Iran?"[74]

New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio expressed strong concerns about potential retaliatory strikes,[75] putting the police department on high alert, including the potential of bag checks at subway stations and vehicle checks at tunnels and bridges.[76] Mayor Muriel Bowser of Washington, D.C. said she did not see any immediate threats, but she reminded citizens to report any suspicious activities.[77]

President of the Council on Foreign Relations, Richard Haass, called the airstrike potentially "the most significant development" in the region since the Iraq War, and called for the U.S. to prepare for an Iranian retaliation.[78] Oona A. Hathaway, a professor of international law at Yale Law School, evaluated the various legal justifications the Trump Administration gave for the airstrike, compared the attack with similar events of the past and concluded that, "the Soleimani strike defied the U.S. Constitution. If Congress fails to respond effectively, the constitutional order will be broken beyond repair, and the president will be left with the unmitigated power to take the country to war on his own—anywhere, anytime, for any reason."[79]

Medea Benjamin (the founder of anti-war advocacy group Code Pink) and Hillary Mann Leverett (a political risk consultant and former director of Iran affairs at the White House's National Security Council) called the assassination of Soleimani "flatly illegal".[80][81]

#### Congressional resolution to limit Trump's war powers

[edit]

Some members of the United States Congress, which generally was not consulted or briefed before the Soleimani strike, sought to restrict the president's ability to conduct future military operations against Iran without congressional consent. On 6 January 2020, House Speaker Pelosi announced plans to hold a vote within the week on limiting President Trump's war powers concerning Iran.[82] On 8 January 2020, Pelosi announced that a vote will be held by the entire U.S. House of Representatives on 9 January to limit President Trump's war powers concerning any future escalation of conflict with Iran.[83][84][85] The House Rules Committee cleared the way for a full House vote by approving parameters which set up a two-hour debate on 9 January.[86] The House vote is considered significant, as the U.S. Constitution provides that while the president may use the military to defend the country, any declaration of war must be approved by Congress.[87] Trump criticized the effort, arguing that congressional approval should not be needed to militarily engage Iran "because you have to be able to make split-second decisions sometimes."[88]

On 9 January 2020, the U.S. House of Representatives considered the measure and eventually voted 224–194 to approve it. White House Deputy Press Secretary Hogan Gidley criticized the resolution's passage, calling it "just another political move" and an attempt to "hinder the President's authority to protect America and our interests in the region ..." It was unclear if the resolution was binding or non-binding and whether the Senate would ultimately approve it; House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy called it a "meaningless vote" while Democrats insisted it sent a strong message that Trump must work with Congress on national security.[89][90][88]

The constitutionality of the resolution is unclear since the U.S. Supreme Court limited legislative veto with the Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha decision in 1983 in a majority opinion written by Chief Justice Warren E. Burger. Defense Secretary Esper argued that the President has full authority to attack Iran in response to attacks by Iraqi proxy militias under the 2002 Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq and Article II of the Constitution, and has discouraged Congress from adopting the resolution.[91][92]

On 13 February, the U.S. Senate voted 55–45 to constrain Trump's ability to wage war on Iran without congressional approval. The bipartisan vote for the Iran War Powers Resolution included eight Republican senators. Trump threatened to veto the resolution.[93]

On 14 February, in an unclassified memorandum[94] to Congress, the Trump administration said it was authorised under both the Constitution and the 2002 Authorisation of Use of Military Force Against Iraq. The Chairman of the House Committee on Foreign Affairs Engel said "The 2002 authorisation was passed to deal with Saddam Hussein. This law had nothing to do with Iran or Iranian government officials in Iraq. To suggest that 18 years later this authorization could justify killing an Iranian official stretches the law far beyond anything Congress ever intended," adding that he "looked forward" to Pompeo testifying in a February 28 hearing.[95]

On 11 March, the U.S. House voted 227–186 for the Senate's resolution, sending the Iran War Powers Resolution to the President.[96]

On 6 May, Trump vetoed the Iran War Powers Resolution and issued a statement regarding the veto.[97] The Senate attempted to override the veto the following day, needing at least 67 votes to override. The override failed with a vote of 49–44.[98]

### U.S. general public

[edit]

An anti-war protest in Washington, D.C., 4 January 2020

Characterization of the attack as "murder", "assassination", or an "act of war", led to some controversy and debate.[99][100] Jan Goldman of The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, a leading expert on the role of ethics in intelligence operations, argued that the attack met the criteria for "assassination", adding that "killing anyone on foreign soil that is not a battlefield could be considered unethical".[101] Peter Singer, Australian moral philosopher and professor of bioethics at Princeton University, concluded that if the attack counts as an act of war, then Trump did not have the authority to order it, otherwise, "as an extrajudicial assassination that was not necessary to prevent an imminent attack, it was both illegal and unethical".[102]

The hashtags #WorldWarIII and #WWIII trended on social media, along with concerns that the military draft might be reinstated.[103] Many Internet memes on the topic became popular on sites such as Twitter and TikTok.[104] The U.S. Selective Service System website crashed with many looking for information on draft requirements and exemptions. The agency attributed the crash to "the spread of misinformation".[105][106]

Members of Catholic communities in the United States particularly raised concerns about its morality.[107][108] Sojourners Community leader Jim Wallis called the attack "not justifiable" and "immoral".[109]

Documentary film director and activist Michael Moore opposed the assassination.[110] Hollywood actors Rose McGowan and John Cusack criticized Trump's airstrike, with McGowan describing Americans as "being held hostage by a terrorist regime," while Cusack remarked that Trump was in "full fascist 101 mode."[111]

## Global reactions

[edit]

### Supranational

[edit]

* NATO temporarily suspended its training mission in Iraq on 4 January. A spokesperson said in an emailed statement, "The safety of our personnel in Iraq is paramount. We continue to take all precautions necessary."[112]
* United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres expressed concern over the escalation and called for leaders to "exercise maximum restraint".[113]

### G20 states

[edit]

* Argentina: The government said they were "worried about the escalating situation in the Middle East". It also said the Argentine people acknowledges terrorism ever since suffering two terrorist attacks in the past (the Israeli embassy attack and AMIA bombing), and urged all parties to diplomacy and restraint.[114] On 4 January 2020, Argentine President Alberto Fernández ordered the armed forces to secure the borders and reinforced security at the main airports, the American airliners and the U.S. embassy in response to the operation.[115]
* Australia: Prime Minister Scott Morrison said he was concerned over the events and calls for calm and de-escalation in the region.[116]
* Brazil's president Jair Bolsonaro said he supports any "initiative against terrorism", also reaffirmed his support for U.S. President Donald Trump in the action.[117][118] Subsequently, the Brazil's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in a communiqué, assumed his "support for the fight against the scourge of terrorism ..."[119][120]
* Canada urged restraint and de-escalation of the tensions, but it also said it has long been concerned by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps' Quds Force, led by Soleimani, whose "aggressive actions have had a destabilizing effect in the region and beyond".[121] However, the Conservative Party of Canada under Andrew Scheer, the opposition party in the House of Commons, welcomed Soleimani's death and stated "Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) has long been a tool of repression and violence in Iran and across the world" while further calling Soleimani who "was at the centre of IRGC operations and bear responsibility for violence, destruction and a destabilizing influence across the Middle East." The CPC asked the Justin Trudeau-led Liberal government to label IRGC as a terrorist organization.[122]
* China appealed for restraint from all sides, "especially the United States", stating that China has always opposed the use of force in international relations.[123] During the meeting in Baghdad on 6 January, Zhang Tao, the Chinese Ambassador, said to Iraq's caretaker Prime Minister al-Mahdi that "China is keen to increase security and military cooperation in Iraq".[124]
* France deputy minister for foreign affairs, Amelie de Montchalin, told RTL radio, "We are waking up in a more dangerous world. Military escalation is always dangerous."[125] According to Agnès Callamard, the UN special rapporteur on extrajudicial killing, "the killings of Qassem Suleimani and Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis violates international human rights law". She said the U.S. is required to confirm "the individual targeted constituted an imminent threat to others." Callamard also described the killing of other individuals alongside Soleimani as "unlawful"[126]
* Germany advised that the Middle East has reached "a dangerous escalation point" and the conflict can only be resolved diplomatically.[127] German foreign minister Heiko Maas said that the airstrikes had not "made it easier to reduce tensions", but noted they "followed a series of dangerous Iranian provocations".[125] Part of the German military contingent in Iraq was moved to other countries due to "safety concerns".[128]
* India's Minister of External Affairs & Foreign Affairs Subrahmanyam Jaishankar had expressed serious concerns over ongoing tensions in Iran.[129] He said, "India remains deeply concerned, and will stay in touch."[130][131] He also had telephonic conversation with both countries' foreign ministers, Mohammad Javad Zarif and U.S. Secretary Mike Pompeo, on the present situation in Middle East, and highlighted India's stakes and concerns.[132][133] India further urged both countries to be restraint and maintain peace.[134][135] Shia groups in India also organised protest against the killing of Soleimani in New Delhi,[136] Kargil,[137] Budgam,[137] Lucknow[138] and Pune.[139]
* Indonesia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a statement requesting parties to refrain from further violent actions, and called on Indonesian citizens in Iraq to "remain vigilant".[140]
* Italy's prime minister Giuseppe Conte stated that his government target is to "avoid further escalation". He also added that a "European action is necessary" to prevent that rising tensions could fuel further "terrorism and violent extremism".[141] However, opposition leader Matteo Salvini applauded the killing of Soleimani, whom he called, "one of the most dangerous and pitiless men in the world, an Islamic terrorist, an enemy of the West, of Israel, of rights and of freedoms".[125]
* Japan announced its Prime Minister, Shinzo Abe will visit Saudi Arabia, Oman and the United Arab Emirates between 12 and 15 January. About the killing, Japan expressed concern and that Abe expects to "contribute to peace and stability in the region through diplomatic efforts to ease tensions."[142] The trip was canceled due to the Iranian strikes on a U.S. base in Iraq on 8 January.[143]
* South Korean government was monitoring the security situation of around 1,600 South Koreans living in Iraq.[144][145]
* Mexico’s government was concerned about the recent events in Iraq and Iran and asked all parties involved to act with restraint and avoid escalating regional tensions.[146]
* Russia's Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov stated that, "U.S. had embarked illegal power move" and condemned the air strike saying that it believed the incident will raise Middle East tensions. Russian Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova said that, "Washington was looking to remake the Middle East, a call Moscow would have made in the heady days of the regime change wars that first started in Iraq in 2003 under George W. Bush's 'pre-emptive strike' policy."[147][148][149] According to the Russian Ministry of Defense, "Russia has offered Iraq their S-400 air defense system to protect their airspace".[150] Since the start of the country's civil war nearly nine years ago, that was the second time, the Russian president, Vladimir Putin arrived in Damascus meeting with Bashar al-Assad on 7 January.[151]
* Saudi Arabia called for restraint and said the events in Iraq were the result of previous "terrorist acts".[152] During a press conference on 6 January, Foreign Minister Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud stated that Saudi Arabia was "very keen that the situation in the region doesn't escalate any further."[153]
* South Africa's Minister of International Relations and Cooperation, Naledi Pandor, stated: "It is crucial for all sides to remain calm and desist from taking any further action that will exacerbate the already fragile situation. South Africa emphasises its principled view that conflicts should be resolved through political dialogue rather than resorting to the use of force".[154]
* Turkey said that it believed that the air strike increases insecurity and instability in the region and that it was deeply concerned by the rising tensions between the United States and Iran.[155] Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan expressed his distaste for external interference, which he said destabilizes the region.[156] Erdogan denied Russian media reports that he had described Soleimani as a "martyr" in a phone call with Iranian President Hassan Rouhani.[157]

An anti-war protest in London on 4 January 2020

* United Kingdom encouraged all involved parties to react with caution, saying "further conflict is in none of our interests."[127] However, British foreign minister Dominic Raab noted that his government had "always recognized the aggressive threat posed by the Iranian Quds force".[125] Shadow Foreign Secretary Emily Thornberry condemned the actions of the United States government. She said that she shed no tears over the death, but was fearful of escalating tensions in the region.[158]

### Other UN member states

[edit]

* Afghanistan's government released a statement calling for both parties to prevent further escalations and resolve the crisis through negotiations, and noted that Afghan President Ashraf Ghani had requested to Pompeo that U.S. bases in Afghanistan not be used against other countries, in accordance to the bilateral security agreement between the two countries.[159]
* Albania's Prime Minister Edi Rama stated that "as a country which recognized a while ago Iran's nefarious activity against the free world, and took clear distance from it, Albania cannot but strongly approve the stance of the US president towards a malicious activist of Teheran's regime. We stand firm with the US and hope everyone does so."[160] Later in the week Ayatollah Ali Khamenei announced that Albania was a "small, diabolical country",[161] referring in part to the presence of MEK political refugees in Albania.
* Armenia's Foreign Ministry stated: "We are deeply concerned about the recent events in Baghdad, which also led to human casualties. They can further increase the threat to peace in the region and destabilize the situation in the Middle East and beyond. Armenia is in favor of defusing the situation exclusively by peaceful means." Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan on his Facebook page advised "homegrown politicians who want to spread panic…to sit quietly in their places."[162]
* Azerbaijan's Foreign Minister Elmar Mammadyarov discussed over the telephone with Iranian Foreign Minister Zarif issues of growing tension in light of recent events in the region. "The Azerbaijani side calls on all parties involved to refrain from violence and to be committed to commitments to strengthen regional security. Minister Mammadyarov expressed deep condolences to the leadership and people of the Islamic Republic of Iran over the death of General Soleimani," the Foreign Ministry said.[162]
* Bahrain called for de-escalation.[163]
* Belarus's Foreign Affairs Minister Vladimir Makei has called on all the parties to show restraint and strive for de-escalation of tensions, and also stressed the need to comply with the principles of international law in order to ensure sustainable international security in global and regional terms.[164]
* Bulgaria called for de-escalation.[165]
* Cuba's government has condemned the airstrike strongly, the use of missiles for targeted assassination as being "in clear violation of International Law and Iraq's sovereignty."[166]
* Denmark's prime minister Mette Frederiksen called it "a really serious situation". She avoided question on whether the killing was right, instead called for de-escalation.[167] Denmark have about 130 troops in Iraq as part of the U.S.-led coalition there, and following the Iraqi parliament's vote to ask them to leave, Minister of Foreign Affairs Jeppe Kofod said: "We are in Iraq to fight ISIL. And that task is not done."[168] Following the subsequent Iranian missile strikes, Denmark temporarily withdrew soldiers to Kuwait, leaving about 30–40 troops on the hit Al-Asad Airbase.[169]
* Egypt's Foreign Ministry appealed to both Iran and the U.S. to avoid any further escalation and was following developments in Iraq with great concern.[170]
* Finland's president Sauli Niinistö commented that the attack could lead to a cycle which will be difficult to stop and that its effects could be felt even outside region.[171]
* Georgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs did not release a statement but David Zalkaliani wrote on his Twitter: "We condemned the recent violent provocative attack on the US Embassy in Baghdad. The United States has a legal right to protect its citizens. It is also time for diplomacy to … ease tensions."[162]
* Greece's Ministry of Foreign Affairs released a statement saying that "Greece is monitoring the developments in Iraq with great concern. The stability of the country and the wider region remains a priority as well as the avoidance of any further escalation. Only this will enable the Iraqi people to return to normal everyday life, free from violence and terrorism. The situation calls for composure and sobriety".[172]
* Israel's prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu praised the air strike, saying that Trump had acted "swiftly, forcefully and decisively". He affirmed Israel's alliance with the U.S., saying "Israel stands with the United States in its just struggle for peace, security and self-defense."[127][173][174] Israel will convene its security cabinet on 5 January to discuss increased threats due to the killings. They have warned Hamas and other groups in Gaza Strip against responding. Hamas had earlier expressed "sincere condolences" to Iran's leadership and praised Soleimini's support for the Palestinian struggle.[175] The IDF spokesperson expressed that "Israeli army had no role, this was an American-executed operation."[176]
* Kazakhstan's Foreign Affairs Minister Mukhtar Tleuberdi expressed concern about the aggravation of situation in the region. He urged all parties to exercise restraint to prevent an escalation of the tension and to seek political and diplomatic ways of resolving the conflict.[177]
* Lebanon condemned the attack as a violation of Iraqi sovereignty and an escalation against Iran, while calling for Lebanon and its vicinity to be spared from the repercussions of the incident.[178]
* Malaysia said they were deeply concerned over the situation following the airstrikes and called on all parties concerned to exercise maximum restraint and de-escalate tensions.[179] Mahathir Mohamad, Prime Minister of Malaysia, compared assassination of Soleimani with assassination of Jamal Khashoggi and said it was "illegal" and "immoral".[180]
* Pakistan urged all parties to exercise maximum restraint, engage constructively to de-escalate the situation, and resolve issues through diplomatic means, in accordance with UN Charter and international law.[181] Foreign Minister Shah Mehmood Qureshi said that Pakistan will not allow its territory to be used in a regional conflict.[182] Shia groups in Islamabad and Karachi protested against the strike.[183]
* Philippines President Rodrigo Duterte ordered the country's military to prepare to evacuate Filipino citizens from Iraq and Iran "at any moment's notice".[184] According to Presidential Spokesman Salvador Panelo, Duterte decreed that the Philippines would side with the United States, its close military ally, if Filipinos are "harmed" in the Middle East.[185]
* Qatar's foreign minister, Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani on a two-day visit to Tehran (3–4 January), said the situation is 'delicate and worrying' and called for easing tensions and calm.[186]
* Slovakia called for de-escalation. Slovak army in Iraq was also relocated to Kuwait.[187]
* Syria's Foreign Ministry strongly condemned the "treacherous, criminal American aggression" that led to the killing of Soleimani, according to a statement released by news agency SANA.[127][188]
* United Arab Emirates Minister of State for Foreign Affairs Anwar Gargash called for wisdom and political solutions over confrontation and escalation.[189]
* Venezuela condemned the air strike saying that it believed the incident will raise Middle East tensions.[190] Venezuelan National Assembly and disputed interim president Juan Guaidó said that Soleimani "led a criminal and terrorist structure in Iran that for years caused pain to his people and destabilized the Middle East, just as Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis did with Hezbollah". Guaidó also accused Nicolás Maduro of allowing him and his Quds Forces to incorporate their sanctioned banks and companies in Venezuela.[191]
* Yemen's Government praised the Assassination as an "important step to end conflict in the region",[192] while the Iran-backed Houthis condemned the attacks and called for "swift reprisals".[193][194]

### Partially-recognized states

[edit]

* Kosovo Prime Minister Ramush Haradinaj announced that "Kosovo stands firm in support of the U.S. in its right to self-defense".[195]

### Non-state actors

[edit]

* African National Congress secretary-general, Ace Magashule, issued a statement describing the killing of Soleimani as an act of "international terrorism" by the United States and appealed "for maximum restraint" so as encourage a peaceful outcome. Magashule called on the United Nations to take action against the American "act of international terrorism."[196][197]
* Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve issued a press release suggesting military activities beyond protecting their own personnel would be paused. "We are now fully committed to protecting the Iraqi bases that host Coalition troops. This has limited our capacity to conduct training with partners and to support their operations against Daesh and we have therefore paused these activities, subject to continuous review."[198]
* Hamas, the de facto government of the Gaza Strip, sent condolences upon Soleimani's death and condemned the airstrikes.[199] On 4 January, hundreds in Gaza Strip, joined by leaders of Hamas and the Palestinian Islamic Jihad faction, mourned Soleimini's death. Israeli and American flags were placed on the ground for people to step on, and then the flags were burned.[200]
* Hezbollah Secretary General Hassan Nasrallah said that "the shoe of Qassem Soleimani is worth the head of Trump and all American leaders", adding that the response must be the expulsion of U.S. forces from the region.[201]
* Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant has praised the killing of Soleimani and described the general's demise as an act of divine intervention that benefitted jihadists.[202]
* Taliban in Afghanistan condemned the killing of Soleimani, describing it as "American adventurism" and hailing Soleimani as a "great warrior".[203]
* National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces welcomed Soleimani's death, a man they blame for thousands of deaths in the nearly nine-year-old civil war.[204]

### Financial markets

[edit]

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2020)

|

Global oil prices rose moderately in reaction to Soleimani's death to heights not seen for three months,[205] before falling back.[206][207] Arms company stocks (Northrop Grumman, Lockheed Martin and Raytheon) also rose in the wake of the event.[208]

## Demonstrations

[edit]

A number of anti-war rallies were held in more than 30 U.S. cities were set by Code Pink and the ANSWER Coalition for Saturday night, 4 January, asking the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq.[209] Thousands marched in 70 cities across the country in New York City, Chicago, Washington, D.C. and others.[210] Similar demonstrations took place in London,[211] Berlin,[211] Prague,[211] Moscow,[211] Vancouver,[211][212] Toronto,[211][213] Ottawa,[211] Montreal,[211] Istanbul,[211] Sana'a,[211] Islamabad,[211] Karachi,[211] Lahore,[211] Tokyo,[211] Seoul,[211] Kargil,[137] Budgam,[137] New Delhi,[136] Lucknow[138] and Pune.[139]

In Los Angeles, where a large number of Iranian Americans reside, praised the death of Soleimani[214][215] while celebrations took place in Baghdad,[216] Toronto[217] and Idlib.[218]

On 3 January 2021, thousands of Iraqis demanded American forces to withdraw from the country during protests in Liberation Square, Baghdad, a year after the assassination of Qasem Soleimani and Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis. The anniversary of their deaths in Baghdad was also marked in Iran as well as by supporters in Syria, Lebanon, Yemen and other Middle East countries.[219]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "US strike on Soleimani was unlawful - UN expert". BBC News. 9 July 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
2. ^ "Session44 44th session of the Human Rights Council: Reports". Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
3. ^ Abdul Qassim-Zahra; Zeina Karam (2 January 2020). "US kills Iran's most powerful general in Baghdad airstrike". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
4. ^ "AP: US kills Iran's most powerful general in Baghdad airstrike". whio.com. 3 January 2020. Archived from the original on 4 January 2020. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
5. ^ Pickrell, Ryan (3 January 2020). "Iran's supreme leader warns a 'harsh retaliation is waiting' for the US, after an American airstrike killed top Iranian general Qassem Soleimani". Business Insider. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
6. ^ "Top Iranian Commander Killed in U.S. Airstrike on Trump Orders". Bloomberg. 3 January 2020. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
7. ^ a b "Reactions to the killing of Iranian general in a U.S. air strike". Reuters. 2 January 2020. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
8. ^ Fassihi, Farnaz (26 April 2021). "Iran's Foreign Minister, in Leaked Tape, Says Revolutionary Guards Set Policies". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
9. ^ "Iran tells U.N. it reserves right to self-defense over Soleimani killing". Reuters. 4 January 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
10. ^ "The latest: Iran calls Trump's threats to target 52 cultural sites a "war crime"". Axios. 5 January 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
11. ^ "Weeping, Iran supreme leader prays over general slain by US". AP News. 6 January 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
12. ^ "WATCH: Iran unveils red flag of revenge against America at mosque". Washington Examiner. 4 January 2020. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
13. ^ "Soleimani funeral procession eulogist puts prize on Trump's head". Al Arabiya. 5 January 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
14. ^ "$80m price on Donald Trump's head after Iranian assassination". The New Zealand Herald. 5 January 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
15. ^ "Iran considers options for retribution over Soleimani killing". Financial Times. 7 January 2020. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
16. ^ "Iran's foreign minister says U.S. rejected his visa request to speak at U.N." CBS News. 7 January 2020. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
17. ^ "'Our Final Answer to Soleimani Assassination Will be to Kick All US Forces Out of Region' - Rouhani". The Nation. 8 January 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2025.
18. ^ "Iran's 'final answer' following general's death is to 'kick all US forces out of the region,' Rouhani warns". Fox News. 8 January 2020.
19. ^ "Soleimani killing 'irreparable blow' for Tehran exiled opposition". The Week.
20. ^ "The urgent need to intensify efforts to preserve peace in the region and confront the adventurous and dangerous policies of US imperialism!". Tudeh Party of Iran. Central Committee of the Tudeh Party of Iran. 4 January 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
21. ^ "Reza Pahlavi, son of Iran's last shah, says regime is cracking from within". Arab News. 26 January 2020. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
22. ^ "Iraqi PM declares national mourning for Soleimani, Muhandis - statement". Reuters. 4 January 2020.
23. ^ "Iraqi PM condemns US killing of Iran's Soleimani". The Straits Times. 3 January 2020. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
24. ^ article, Amos Harel 24 minutes ago This is a primium. "Middle East News". Haaretz. Retrieved 3 January 2020.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
25. ^ Neale, Spencer (3 January 2020). "Iraqi parliament vows to 'put an end to US presence' in country". Washington Examiner. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
26. ^ "Iraq's Parliament Calls for Expulsion of U.S. Troops". Time. Archived from the original on 5 January 2020. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
27. ^ "Iraq's Sadr mourns Soleimani, says followers ready to defend Iraq: statement". Reuters. 3 January 2020. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
28. ^ "Iraq's Sadr says crisis over, tells militias to stand down: statement". Reuters. 8 January 2020.
29. ^ "Iran-Backed Iraqi Militia Leader Promises Iraqi Response to U.S. Air Strike-Tweet". The New York Times. 8 January 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2020. [permanent dead link‍]
30. ^ "Hundreds of thousands protest US troop presence in Iraq". CNN. 24 January 2020. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
31. ^ "Iraq issues arrest warrant for Trump over Soleimani killing". ABC News.
32. ^ "Soleimani's Death a Precursor to Iran's Strategic Setback After Syria's Fall". The New York Sun. 12 December 2024.
33. ^ Perper, Rosie (3 January 2020). "Trump tweeted a photo of the American flag minutes before the Pentagon said the US killed Iran's top military general in an airstrike". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
34. ^ Liptak, Kevin; Vazquez, Maegan (3 January 2019). "Trump on strike that killed Soleimani: 'We did not take action to start a war'". CNN. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
35. ^ "Trump says US does not seek war or regime change in Iran, but is still ready to act if 'necessary'". CNBC. 3 January 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
36. ^ Trump warns Iran if it hits any Americans or American assets 'we have targeted 52 Iranian sites' By Greg Clary and Caroline Kelly, CNN, 5 January 2020.
37. ^ Trump warns Iran: US has targeted '52 Iranian sites' and will 'hit very fast and very hard' if needed Fox News Channel, 4 January 2020.
38. ^ Batrawy, Aya. "Trump's threats draw Iran's cultural sites into tensions". The Washington Post. AP. Archived from the original on 5 January 2020. "If culturally prominent sites were targeted, the Trump administration might argue they were being used to covertly stockpile weapons that could target U.S. interests and personnel in the region."
39. ^ Haberman, Maggie (5 January 2020). "Trump Reiterates Threat to Target Iranian Cultural Sites". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
40. ^ "Inside the plot by Iran's Soleimani to attack U.S. forces in Iraq". Reuters. 3 January 2019. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
41. ^ Veronica Stracqualursi; Jennifer Hansler. "Pompeo: Strike on Soleimani disrupted an 'imminent attack'". CNN.
42. ^ Cooper, Helene; Schmitt, Eric; Haberman, Maggie; Callimachi, Rukmini (4 January 2020). "As Tensions With Iran Escalated, Trump Opted for Most Extreme Measure". The New York Times. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
43. ^ Cohen, Zachary. "Skepticism mounts over evidence of 'imminent' threat that Trump says justified Soleimani killing". CNN.
44. ^ Tran, Millie; Hassan, Falih (4 January 2020). "A Video Tweeted by Pompeo Was Authentic. His Description Was Misleading". The New York Times.
45. ^ "John Bolton congratulates those involved in 'decisive' airstrike that killed Iranian general". Fox News Channel. 3 January 2020.
46. ^ Montague, Zach (4 January 2020). "Pence Links Suleimani to 9/11. The Public Record Doesn't Back Him". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
47. ^ "Pence falsely links Iranian general to 9/11 attacks". Los Angeles Times. 4 January 2020. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
48. ^ Singh, Maanvi (4 January 2020). "Mike Pence pushes 9/11 conspiracy theories to justify Suleimani killing". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
49. ^ a b Specia, Megan (9 January 2020). "Iran Offers Mixed Message After Backing Away From Conflict With U.S." The New York Times.
50. ^ "US prepares for potential Iranian escalation and Iraq expulsion". 3 January 2020.
51. ^ Leon Panetta Delivers Ominous Assessment On Current Odds Of War With Iran By Lee Moran, HuffPost, 4 January 2020
52. ^ "World: Was the drone attack on Iranian general an assassination?". Associated Press. 4 January 2020.
53. ^ "World: Pentagon officials reportedly presented Trump with the option of killing a top Iranian commander, not thinking he'd actually do it". Business Insider. Yahoo!. Associated Press. 4 January 2020.
54. ^ a b Pengelly, Martin; Helmore, Edward (5 January 2020). "Impeachment: Warren accuses Trump of 'wag the dog' strike on Suleimani". The Guardian.
55. ^ U.S. President Bill Clinton launched an airstrike on Iraq amid impeachment proceedings against him in 1998. Snopes.
56. ^ "Wag the Dog Back In Spotlight". CNN. August 20, 1998. Archived from the original on September 15, 2012. Retrieved May 23, 2013.
57. ^ Kaczynski, Andrew. "Trump repeatedly claimed in 2011 and 2012 that Obama would start a war with Iran to win reelection". CNN.
58. ^ Wag the Dog? Twitter Resurrects Trump's Tweets Predicting Obama Would Attack Iran to Win Re-Election NBC Boston
59. ^ O'Sullivan, Donie; Moshtaghian, Artemis (11 January 2020). "Instagram says it's removing posts supporting Soleimani to comply with US sanctions". CNN. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
60. ^ Wayne, Alex (3 January 2020). "Trump Rattles Mideast, U.S. Politics With Risky Iran Strike". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved 3 January 2020. "Political reaction fell along familiar party lines — buoyant praise from many Republican lawmakers and a string of Democratic statements that criticized Soleimani, blamed for the deaths of hundreds of American servicemen during the Iraq war, before questioning the wisdom of Trump's move."
61. ^ "McConnell lauds Iranian general's killing as Schumer decries lack of consultation with Congress". ABC News. 3 January 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
62. ^ Politi, James (6 January 2020). "Pelosi seeks to curb Trump's ability to strike Iran". Financial Times. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
63. ^ a b Choi, Matthew (3 January 2020). "2020 Dems warn of escalation in Middle East after Soleimani killing". Politico. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
64. ^ "'This Is Not a Game:' 2020 Democrats React to Qassem Soleimani Assassination". Bloomberg Quicktake on Youtube. 3 January 2020.
65. ^ Musto, Julia (3 January 2020). "Tulsi Gabbard rips Soleimani strike: Trump isn't acting like he wants to end 'forever wars'". Fox News Channel.
66. ^ Mali, Meghashyam (14 January 2020). "Democrats clash at debate over keeping US troops in Mideast". TheHill. Archived from the original on 16 January 2020. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
67. ^ "Trump Defends Killing Iranian 'Son of a Bitch' Soleimani in Profanity-laced Rally". Haaretz. Associated Press. 16 January 2020. Archived from the original on 18 January 2020. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
68. ^ "Trump uses campaign rally to trumpet Soleimani killing as 'justice'". Reuters. 10 January 2020. Archived from the original on 18 January 2020. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
69. ^ Bernie Sanders [@SenSanders] (3 January 2020). "I am introducing a bill with Rep. Khanna to stop Donald Trump from illegally taking us to war against Iran. It's working-class kids who will have to fight and die in a disastrous new Middle East conflict—not the children of billionaires" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 4 January 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2020 - via Twitter.
70. ^ a b "Kaine Statement On U.S. Airstrike That Killed Qassim Suleimani". kaine.senate.gov. 3 January 2020. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
71. ^ Pema Levy. "A Democratic Senator Has Introduced a Resolution to Prevent War with Iran". Mother Jones. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
72. ^ "Senate Intel Vice Chair Warner on Soleimani". warner.senate.gov. 3 January 2020. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
73. ^ "RAND PAUL SLAMS TRUMP OVER AIRSTRIKE: 'IF YOU DON'T WANT PERPETUAL WAR, YOU DON'T KEEP SENDING MORE TARGETS'". Newsweek. 4 January 2020.
74. ^ Stelter, Brian (4 January 2020). "Fox's Tucker Carlson breaks with colleagues and criticizes Trump's strike on Iranian general". CNN. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
75. ^ "De Blasio says New York is taking immediate steps at key city locations to guard against Iran-linked retaliation". MSN. 3 January 2020. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
76. ^ Calder, Rich (3 January 2020). "De Blasio hints New Yorkers may face subway bag checks after death of Iran general". New York Post. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
77. ^ DC Mayor: 'No immediate threats' to city after Soleimani strike BY TAL AXELROD, The Hill, 4 January 2020
78. ^ "America must be ready for Iranian retaliation". Financial Times. 5 January 2020. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
79. ^ Hathaway, Oona A. (4 January 2020). "The Soleimani Strike Defied the U.S. Constitution". The Atlantic. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
80. ^ Roberts, William. "Was Trump's order to assassinate Iran's Qassem Soleimani legal?". aljazeera. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
81. ^ Rapoza, Kenneth. "Russia Says Iran General's Killing 'Illegal'". Forbes. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
82. ^ Ellyatt, Holly (6 January 2020). "House to vote on limiting Trump's military powers regarding Iran, Pelosi says". CNBC.
83. ^ "Pelosi announces vote to limit Trump's war powers on Iran". NBC News. 8 January 2020.
84. ^ Haley Byrd; Zachary Cohen; Holmes Lybrand; Clare Foran (8 January 2020). "House slates Iran War Powers resolution vote for Thursday". CNN.
85. ^ Wu, Deirdre Shesgreen and Nicholas. "Pelosi sets vote on measure to limit Trump's war powers, citing 'urgent' concerns on Iran strategy". USA Today.
86. ^ "As White House Works to Crush Debate Over Legality of Iran Strike, Democrats Move Ahead With War Powers Vote". Common Dreams.
87. ^ "US House to vote on limiting Trump's actions against Iran". Al Jazeera.
88. ^ a b "U.S. House passes resolution to limit Trump's ability to wage war on Iran". Reuters. 10 January 2020.
89. ^ Zhou, Li (9 January 2020). "The House just sent a major message about checking the president's war powers on Iran". Vox.
90. ^ "House Votes to Curb Trump Power to Strike Iran Without Congress". Yahoo! News.
91. ^ "Defense Secretary Esper privately warned lawmakers against debating war powers". ABC News. Archived from the original on 16 January 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
92. ^ "Transcript: NPR's Full Interview With Defense Secretary Mark Esper On Iran". NPR.org. 14 January 2020. Archived from the original on 17 January 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
93. ^ Foran, Clare; Barrett, Ted (13 February 2020). "Senate passes Iran War Powers resolution despite Trump's opposition". CNN. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
94. ^ "United States military action against Qasem Soleimani" (PDF). foreignaffairs.house.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 February 2020. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
95. ^ "Timeline of Trump's shifting justifications for Soleimani killing". AlJazeera. 18 February 2020. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
96. ^ House votes to curtail Trump's Iran war powers, setting up veto fight Politico
97. ^ Trump vetoes Iran War Powers resolution CNN
98. ^ U.S. Senate upholds Trump veto of 'insulting' Iran war powers resolution Reuters
99. ^ "World: Was the drone attack on Iranian general an assassination?". Associated Press. 4 January 2020.
100. ^ "World: Pentagon officials reportedly presented Trump with the option of killing a top Iranian commander, not thinking he'd actually do it". Business Insider. Yahoo!. Associated Press. 4 January 2020.
101. ^ Goldman, Jan (3 January 2020), "Commentary: 'Assassination' of Iranian general just upped the stakes in Middle East", The Post and Courier, retrieved 7 January 2020
102. ^ Singer, Peter (6 January 2020), "Was Killing Suleimani Justified?", Project Syndicate, retrieved 7 January 2020
103. ^ Mervosh, Sarah (3 January 2019). "Will There Be a Draft? Young People Worry After Military Strike". The New York Times. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
104. ^ Bogost, Ian (4 January 2020). "World War III Is an Irresistible Meme". The Atlantic. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
105. ^ Weinberg, Abigail (3 January 2020). "The Selective Service's Website Crashed and Not Because People Are Rushing to Enlist". Mother Jones. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
106. ^ "Selective Service System website crashes amid questions and fears of another US military draft". CNN. 4 January 2020.
107. ^ Sadowski, Dennis (6 January 2020), Morality of drone warfare questioned after attack on Iranian general, Angelus, retrieved 7 January 2020
108. ^ Di Corpo, Ryan (6 January 2020), "Catholic leaders speak out as tensions escalate between the U.S. and Iran", America Magazine, retrieved 7 January 2020
109. ^ Wallis, Jim (3 January 2020), "Blocking Trump's War with Iran by the Authority of Faith and Congress", Sojourners, retrieved 7 January 2020
110. ^ Wulfsohn, Joseph (3 January 2020). "Michael Moore hits Trump over Qassem Soleimani killing: Americans haven't even heard of him". Fox News.
111. ^ Forani, Jonathan (3 January 2020). "'Please do not kill us': Actors John Cusack and Rose McGowan criticize Trump airstrike". ctvnews.
112. ^ NATO suspends Iraq training mission By SARAH WHEATON, Politico, 4 January 2020
113. ^ "UN chief calls for de-escalation across Gulf region after killing of top Iranian General in US airstrike". UN News. 3 January 2020. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
114. ^ "Comunicado de Prensa [Press Release]" (in Spanish). Cancillería Argentina [Argentine Ministry of Foreign Affairs]. 4 January 2020. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
115. ^ Dinatale, Martín (4 January 2020). "La Argentina elevó los niveles de alerta y reforzó la seguridad en el país tras la muerte de Soleimani" [Argentina elevated the level of alert and reinforced security after the death of Soleimani]. Infobae (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 January 2020.
116. ^ Harris, Rob (4 January 2020). "PM calls for restraint of US-Iran tensions as embassy 'locked down'". The Sydney Morning Herald.
117. ^ "Jair Bolsonaro dijo que el general iraní Qasem Soleimani participó en el atentado a la AMIA" ["Jair Bolsonaro said Iranian General Qasem Soleimani participated in the AMIA attack]. Clarin (in Spanish). 4 January 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
118. ^ "Bolsonaro diz que apoia ação americana e que Brasil condena o terrorismo" [Bolsonaro says he supports U.S. action and Brazil condemns terrorism]. R7 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 3 January 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
119. ^ "Acontecimentos no Iraque e luta contra o terrorismo" [Events in Iraq and the fight against terrorism]. Itamaraty (in Brazilian Portuguese). 3 January 2020. Archived from the original on 4 January 2020. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
120. ^ "Em nota, Itamaraty se alinha aos EUA contra Irã e pede luta global contra o terrorismo" [In a communiqué, Itamaraty aligns itself with the US against Iran and calls for global fight against terrorism]. O Globo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 3 January 2020. Archived from the original on 4 January 2020. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
121. ^ "Statement from Minister Champagne following the airstrike carried out by the U.S. on Iranian commander Qasem Soleimani in Iraq". Global Affairs Canada. 3 January 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
122. ^ "Conservative Statement - Qasem Soleimani". Canada's Official Opposition. 3 January 2020. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
123. ^ "China urges 'calm and restraint' after US kills Iran general". Al-Arabiya English. Reuters. 3 January 2020. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
124. ^ Berlinger, Joshua; Mackintosh, Eliza (6 January 2020). "Iranians mourn slain general". CNN. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
125. ^ a b c d Leiceister, John (3 January 2020). "'A more dangerous world': U.S. airstrike responsible for killing Iran's top general triggers global alarm". Nation & World. Chicago Tribune. Associated Press. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
126. ^ Koran, Mario; Mohdin, Aamna; Quinn, Ben; E Greve, Joan. "US denies latest airstrikes targeting Iraqi militia in Baghdad—live". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
127. ^ a b c d "Qassem Soleimani: Iranians mourn as world reacts to death of Iran's top military official". Euronews. 3 January 2020. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
128. ^ "Germany Withdraws Some Troops From Iraq Over Iran Tensions". Bloomberg. 7 January 2020. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
129. ^ Subrahmanyam Jaishankar [@DrSJaishankar] (5 January 2020). "Just concluded a conversation with FM @JZarif of Iran. Noted that developments have taken a very serious turn. India remains deeply concerned about the levels of tension. We agreed to remain in touch. @MEAIndia" (Tweet). Retrieved 9 January 2020 - via Twitter.
130. ^ "India says developments have taken a very serious turn after iran military commander killed". NDTV. 5 January 2020. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
131. ^ "Indian, Iranian Foreign Ministers discuss Gulf tension". The Hindu. 5 January 2020. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
132. ^ "FM Jaishankar holds talks with pompeo highlights India's stakes and concerns". The Times of India. 5 January 2020. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
133. ^ "EAM Jaishakar holds conversation with Iranian FM, says india deeply concerned about levels of tension". The Times of India. 5 January 2020. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
134. ^ "US–Iran Conflict:India urges both countries to exercise restraint amid fears of regional instability". Business Today. 3 January 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
135. ^ "Delhi urges, Washington and Teheran to exercise restraint". Times Now. 3 January 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
136. ^ a b Mohan, Geeta (7 January 2020). "Red flag anti-US march in Delhi demands revenge for Qassem Soleimani killing". India Today.
137. ^ a b c d "Kashmir: Shia groups in Kargil, Valley protest Iran commander's killing in US strike". The Indian Express. 5 January 2020.
138. ^ a b "Soleimani killing: Shia Muslims protest in Lucknow". Free Press Journal. 5 January 2020.
139. ^ a b "Protest in Pune to condemn General Soleimani's killing in US drone strike". The Indian Express. 11 January 2020.
140. ^ "Indonesians in Iraq urged to stay alert after assassination of top Iranian general". The Jakarta Post. 4 January 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
141. ^ "Iran, Conte: "Obiettivo del governo è evitare ulteriore escalation, serve un'azione europea"". Il Fatto Quotidiano. 6 January 2020.
142. ^ "Abe to visit Middle East amid tensions". Japan Today. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
143. ^ "Abe cancels visit to Middle East amid tensions". 8 January 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
144. ^ S. Korea 'closely watching' safety of some 1,600 S. Koreans in Iraq.
145. ^ "Asian Countries Brace to Evacuate Workers in Iraq, Iran". The New York Times. Associated Press. 6 January 2020.
146. ^ "Mexico Asks for Restraint in Iraq, Iran". The New York Times. 6 January 2020.
147. ^ "Russia Says Iran General's Killing 'Illegal'". Forbes. 3 January 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
148. ^ Maynes, Charles (3 January 2020). "Russia Condemns US Killing of Iranian Commander". Voice of America. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
149. ^ "U.S. killing of Iranian commander will raise Middle East tension—Russia". Reuters. 3 January 2020. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
150. ^ "Russia offers Iraq S-400 air defense system to protect airspace". almasdarnews. 7 January 2020. Archived from the original on 7 January 2020. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
151. ^ Arkhipov, Ilya; Quinn, Aine; Caroline Alexander, Caroline (7 January 2020). "Putin's Syria Trip Shows He's Unfazed by Iran Tension". Bloomberg. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
152. ^ "Saudi Arabia calls for restraint after Soleimani killing". Arab News. 3 January 2020.
153. ^ Nereim, Vivian (6 January 2020). "Saudi Arabia Says 'Very Keen' to Avoid Regional Escalation". Bloomberg. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
154. ^ "South Africa calls for calm in Iraq". dirco.gov.za. South African Department of International Relations and Cooperation. 3 January 2020. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
155. ^ Butler, Daren (3 January 2020). "Turkey says killing of Soleimani to fuel instability". Reuters. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
156. ^ Shugerman, Emily (4 January 2020). "Erdogan Expresses 'Regret' for Killing of Qassem Soleimani". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
157. ^ "Erdogan denies telling Rouhani slain general was a 'martyr'". www.timesofisrael.com.
158. ^ editor, Heather Stewart Political (5 January 2020). "Boris Johnson: Qassem Suleimani was threat to all our interests". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 7 January 2020. `{{cite news}}`: `|last=` has generic name (help)
159. ^ Habibzada, Mohammad (3 January 2020). "Afghan Leaders Lament Soleimani's Death, Worry About Regional Escalation". Voice of America. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
160. ^ "Rama on Soleimani's killing: Albania supports the USA". Top Channel. 3 January 2020.
161. ^ "Iranian leader, Al-Khameni, addressed to Albania as a 'small, diabolic country in Europe'". Top Channel.
162. ^ a b c "Qasem Soleimani – reaction in Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, and the world community". jam-news.net. Archived from the original on 5 January 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
163. ^ "Bahrain calls for de-escalation after U.S. air strike in Iraq: state news agency". Reuters. 3 January 2020.
164. ^ "Telephone conversation of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Belarus V.Makei with the U.S. Secretary of State - Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus". Belarus Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 6 January 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
165. ^ "Bulgarian Foreign Minister calls for de-escalation of tensions in Iraq". The Sofia Globe. 8 January 2020.
166. ^ "Cuba condemns US terrorist attack against Iran's commander". IRNA English. 4 January 2020.
167. ^ "Mette F. viger uden om spørgsmål om USA-angreb på Iran" [Mette F. avoids question about USA attack on Iran]. Berlingske Tidende. Ritzau. 5 January 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
168. ^ Richardt, Mette (5 January 2020). "Natos generalsekretær indkalder til hastemøde mandag" [Nato's general secretary calls emergency meeting Monday]. DR (in Danish). Retrieved 6 January 2020.
169. ^ Nielsen, Rasmus Dam (8 January 2020). "Danmark trækker soldater midlertidigt ud af Irak" [Denmark temporarily withdraw soldiers from Iraq] (in Danish). TV 2. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
170. ^ "Egypt appeals against escalation in Iraq following US strike—statement". Reuters. 4 January 2020. Archived from the original on 4 January 2020. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
171. ^ "Sauli Niinistö kommentoi USA:n iskua: "Vaarana on kierre, jota on vaikea katkaista"". iltalehti.fi (in Finnish). Retrieved 7 January 2020.
172. ^ "Ministry of Foreign Affairs statement on the developments in Iraq (3 January 2020)".
173. ^ "World reacts to US killing of Iran's Qassem Soleimani in Iraq". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
174. ^ "Iran Promises Retaliation After U.S. Kills General: Live Updates". The New York Times. 3 January 2020. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
175. ^ "Israel said to warn Gaza terror groups against responding to Soleimani killing". The Times of Israel. 4 January 2020.
176. ^ "Israeli army 'had no role in Soleimani killing,' IDF spokesperson tells FRANCE 24". France24. 14 January 2020.
177. ^ "Foreign Ministers of Kazakhstan and Iran had telephone conversation". Kazakhstan Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
178. ^ "Lebanon condemns Soleimani killing, hopes for no repercussions". Reuters. 3 January 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
179. ^ Wisma Putra [@MalaysiaMFA] (3 January 2020). "PRESS RELEASE: Malaysia is deeply concerned over the latest situation following the US airstrikes on Baghdad International Airport on 3 January 2020 & calls on all parties concerned to exercise maximum restraint and de-escalate tensions.@saifuddinabd @MarzukiYahyaFC @IkramShahrul" (Tweet) - via Twitter.+January+2020+&+calls+on+all+parties+concerned+to+exercise+maximum+restraint+and+de-escalate+tensions.@saifuddinabd+@MarzukiYahyaFC+@IkramShahrul&rft.date=2020-01-03&rft.au=Wisma+Putra&rft_id=https://x.com/MalaysiaMFA/status/1213186852254957569&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Reactions+to+the+assassination+of+Qasem+Soleimani" class="Z3988">
180. ^ "'Soleimani killing illegal, immoral': Malaysian premier". Anadolu Agency.
181. ^ "Iran-US tensions: Pakistan urges all parties to exercise 'maximum restraint'". geo.tv. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
182. ^ Pakistan will not allow its soil to be used for any regional conflict: FM Shah Mahmood Qureshi The Times of India, 6 January 2020
183. ^ Pakistani rallies slam US killing of Iran's Soleimani aa.com.tr
184. ^ "Asian countries brace to evacuate workers in Iraq, Iran". The Washington Post. 6 January 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2020. [dead link‍]
185. ^ Esguerra, Darryl John (7 January 2020). "Duterte to side with US if Filipinos are harmed in Middle East ruckus". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
186. ^ Qatar foreign minister visits Iran By Muhammed Sabry Emam Muhammed, Anadolu Agency, 4 January 2020
187. ^ "Slovenských vojakov premiestnili mimo územia Iraku". Denník N. 7 January 2020.
188. ^ "Syria condemns killing of Iran's Soleimani: state news agency". Reuters. 3 January 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
189. ^ "UAE calls for wisdom to avert confrontation, after Iranian commander killed". Reuters. 3 January 2020.
190. ^ "Venezuela condemns US military attack in Iraq and assassination of Iranian General Qasem Soleimani". Govierno Bolivariano de Venezuela. 3 January 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2021.[permanent dead link‍]
191. ^ "Faced with events in the Middle East, the interim government reiterates Maduro's ties with international terrorism". Centro de Comunicación Nacional (in Spanish). 3 January 2020. Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
192. ^ "Yemen government backs Soleimani's killing: minister". Reuters. 3 January 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
193. ^ "Yemen rebels urge 'swift reprisals' for Soleimani killing". France 24. 3 January 2020. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
194. ^ "Yemeni Houthi rebels call for striking U.S. bases in retaliation for killing of Iranian commander". Xinhuanet. 4 January 2020. Archived from the original on 4 January 2020.
195. ^ Fatos Bytyci (7 January 2020). "Kosovo arrests Iran supporter over comments after Soleimani's death". Reuters.
196. ^ "ANC condemns US airstrike that killed Iranian General Qassem Soleimani | IOL News". Independent Online. South Africa. 5 January 2020. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
197. ^ Karrim, Azarrah (4 January 2020). "ANC slams 'inhumane' US airstrikes in Iraq, labels it 'international terrorism'". News24. Archived from the original on 5 January 2020. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
198. ^ "CJTF-OIR Statement on the ongoing Defeat Daesh Mission". Operation Inherent Resolve. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
199. ^ "Press release on murdering Qassem Soleimani by US air forces". hamas.ps. 3 January 2020. Archived from the original on 30 March 2022.
200. ^ Nidal al-Mughrabi (4 January 2020). "Palestinians in Gaza mourn Iran's Soleimani". Reuters.
201. ^ Jamieson, Alastair (5 January 2020). "Iran abandons nuclear deal over Soleimani killing". Euronews. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
202. ^ Bowen, Jeremy (10 January 2020). "Qasem Soleimani: Why his killing is good news for IS jihadists". BBC News. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
203. ^ "Taliban condemn killing of Iran's Qassem Soleimani". Al Arabiya. 5 January 2020.
204. ^ "Syria: Mixed Reactions over Soleimani's Killing". Asharq Al-Awsat. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
205. ^ Kerr, Simeon; Sheppard, David; Shane, Daniel (6 January 2020). "Oil tops $70 a barrel as Middle East tensions rattle markets". Financial Times. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
206. ^ Georgiadis, Philip; Rocco, Matthew (7 January 2020). "Oil slips and global stocks waver as investors reassess Iran fears". Financial Times.
207. ^ Toy, Sarah (7 January 2020). "Oil Traders Lose Faith in Geopolitical Rallies". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
208. ^ "US arms companies see stock prices soar after Trump orders assassination of Iran commander". The Independent. 4 January 2020. Retrieved 5 January 2020.
209. ^ Roberts, William (3 January 2020). "Was Trump's order to assassinate Iran's Qassem Soleimani legal?". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
210. ^ Padilla, Mariel (4 January 2020). "Antiwar Protesters Across U.S. Condemn Killing of Suleimani". The New York Times. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
211. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Multiple References:
* "Anti-war protesters rally in Ottawa as Canada urges citizens to leave Iraq". Ottawa. 4 January 2020.
* "Montreal anti-war protest set for Monday as Canada urges citizens out of Iraq". montrealgazette.
* "600 pro-Iranians from German city partner protest for terrorist Soleimani". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 6 January 2020.
* Cruse, Ellena (5 January 2020). "Demonstrators hit out at PM at London protest against US airstrike". www.standard.co.uk.
* "Vancouver protesters rally against U.S. military action in Iran - NEWS 1130". www.citynews1130.com.
* "Demonstrators at U.S. Embassy in Tokyo call for peace in Iran：The Asahi Shimbun". The Asahi Shimbun. Archived from the original on 7 January 2020. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
* "South Korea: Protests in Seoul January 9, 18". GardaWorld.
* "Yemenis protest in Houthi-held Sanaa over Soleimani killing". Jordan Times. 6 January 2020.
* "Demonstrators protest against escalation in Middle East at U.S. Embassy in Prague - Xinhua | English.news.cn". www.xinhuanet.com.[permanent dead link‍]
* Liphshiz, Cnaan. "Dutch rally protesting Soleimani killing includes caricature blaming Jews". www.timesofisrael.com.
* "Russian Muslims protest against US over assassination of General Soleimani". IRNA English. 6 January 2020.
* Peshimam, Syed Raza Hassan, Gibran Naiyyar (5 January 2020). "Thousands protest in Pakistan over U.S. killing of Iranian commander". Reuters - via www.reuters.com.`{{cite news}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
* "Protests held in Pakistan to condemn assassination of General Soleimani". IRNA English. 3 January 2020.
212. ^ Thibault, Alissa (4 January 2020). "Iranian Canadians in Vancouver voice concerns as Iran-U.S. tensions escalate". British Columbia.
213. ^ "Anti-war protesters gather outside U.S. Consulate following Soleimani death". Global News.
214. ^ "How Are Iranian-Americans Reacting To The Death Of Gen. Soleimani?". NPR.org.
215. ^ Lam, Kristin. "Iranian Americans aren't mourning Gen. Qasem Soleimani. They're glad he's dead. But, now what?". USA TODAY.
216. ^ "Fear and joy on the streets of Baghdad after Soleimani killing". France 24. 3 January 2020.
217. ^ "Dozens of Iranian-Canadians rally in north Toronto following death of Gen. Qassem Soleimani". thestar.com. 3 January 2020.
218. ^ "Syrians in Idlib celebrate Qassem Soleimani's death with sweets and cakes". Middle East Eye.
219. ^ "Iraqis demand US troops pull out on Soleimani killing anniversary". www.aljazeera.com.

* v
* t
* e

Iran–United States relations

Diplomatic posts|

* Embassy of Iran, Washington, D.C.
* Ambassadors of Iran to the United States
* Embassy of the United States, Tehran
* Ambassadors of the United States to Iran
* Interests Section of Iran in the United States
* Consulate-General of the United States, Tabriz
* Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs
* Iran–United States Claims Tribunal
* Iranian Directorate
* Iran Syria Policy and Operations Group

Diplomacy|

* Persian Corridor
* Persian Gulf Command
* Nationalization of the Iranian oil industry
* 1953 Iranian coup d'état
* Abadan Crisis Timeline
* Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations and Consular Rights
* Exercise Delawar
* Project Dark Gene
* Safari Club
* Island of Stability
* Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's letter to George W. Bush
* Correspondence between Barack Obama and Ali Khamenei
* Phone conversation between Barack Obama and Hassan Rouhani
* Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
* Negotiations
* Joint Plan of Action
* Framework
* Reactions
* Criticism
* Aftermath
* U.S. withdrawal

Conflicts|

* Iran–Iraq War
* United States support for Iraq
* Bridgeton incident
* Iran Air Flight 655
* Iran Ajr
* Iran–Contra affair
* Operation Staunch
* Operation Eager Glacier
* Operation Earnest Will
* Operation Prime Chance
* Operation Nimble Archer
* Operation Praying Mantis
* Syrian civil war
* Yemeni Civil War
* Arab–Israeli alliance
* Abraham Accords
* February 2019 Warsaw Conference
* Iran–Israel proxy conflict
* Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
* Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition
* International Maritime Security Construct
* Assassination of Qasem Soleimani
* reactions
* Thirteen revenge scenarios
* Donald Trump's threat for the destruction of Iranian cultural sites
* Operation Martyr Soleimani
* 2020 Camp Taji attacks

Incidents after 1979|

* Assassination of Paul R. Shaffer and John H. Turner
* Iranian revolution
* Iran hostage crisis
* Timeline
* Guadeloupe Conference
* Operation Credible Sport
* Operation Eagle Claw
* Canadian Caper
* Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini
* 1980 October Surprise theory
* Negotiations
* Algiers Accords
* America can't do a damn thing against us
* Beirut barracks bombings
* Khobar Towers bombing
* Lawrence Franklin espionage scandal
* Disappearance of Robert Levinson
* United States kill or capture strategy in Iraq
* United States raid on the Iranian Liaison Office in Erbil
* Kidnapping of Jalal Sharafi
* 2008 Naval dispute
* Filipino Monkey
* Project Cassandra
* Detention of American hikers
* United States diplomatic cables leak
* 2011 alleged Iran assassination plot
* Strait of Hormuz dispute
* RQ-170 incident
* MV Maersk Tigris
* 2016 Naval incident
* Nuclear program of Iran
* Timeline
* P5+1
* Operation Merlin
* Charming Kitten
* Stuxnet
* Kidnapping of Hossein Alikhani
* Arrest of Meng Wanzhou
* Deportation of Iranian students at US airports
* May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident
* June 2019 Gulf of Oman incident
* 2019 Iranian shoot-down of American drone
* 2019 K-1 Air Base attack
* December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria
* Attack on the United States embassy in Baghdad
* 2020 Iran explosions
* 2021 Erbil rocket attacks
* 2021 Natanz incident
* February 2021 United States airstrike in Syria
* Leaked Mohammad Javad Zarif audiotape
* June 2021 United States airstrike in Syria
* July 2021 Gulf of Oman incident
* August 2021 Gulf of Oman incident
* 2021 U.S.–Iran naval incident
* 2022 Erbil missile attacks
* 2023 Northeastern Syria clashes
* Seizure of Suez Rajan and St Nikolas
* Attacks on US bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria during the Israel–Hamas war
* 2024 Erbil attack
* Tower 22 drone attack
* Iranian interference in the 2024 United States elections

Legislation|

* United States sanctions against Iran
* Maximum pressure campaign
* Executive Order 12170
* Executive Order 12172
* Executive Order 13769
* reactions
* Trump travel ban
* Executive Order 13780
* Executive Order 13876
* Iran and Libya Sanctions Act
* Iran Nonproliferation Act
* Iran, North Korea, Syria Nonproliferation Act
* Iran Freedom and Support Act
* Iran Sanctions Enhancement Act
* Kyl–Lieberman Amendment
* Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act
* Iran Freedom and Counter-Proliferation Act
* Public Law 113-100
* Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act
* Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act
* Dames & Moore v. Regan
* United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran
* Oil Platforms case
* United States v. Banki
* Bank Markazi v. Peterson
* Certain Iranian Assets
* Rubin v. Islamic Republic of Iran
* Alleged violations of Treaty of Amity

Groups and individuals|

* Iran Action Group
* Iran–America Society
* Iranian Students Association in the United States
* National Iranian American Council
* Organization of Iranian American Communities
* United Against Nuclear Iran
* Farashgard
* Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
* Jundallah
* Kingdom Assembly of Iran
* National Council of Iran
* National Council of Resistance of Iran
* People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran
* Elliott Abrams
* Kaveh L. Afrasiabi
* Howard Baskerville
* William J. Fallon
* Brian Hook
* Joseph Macmanus
* Robert Malley
* Stephen D. Mull
* Erwin David Rabhan
* Jason Rezaian
* Scott Ritter
* Craig Wadsworth
* Michael R. White
* Roxana Saberi
* Saeed Abedini
* Saeid Aboutaleb
* Shahram Amiri
* Sirous Asgari
* Mahmoud Reza Banki
* Haleh Esfandiari
* Amir Mirza Hekmati
* Ezedin Abdel Aziz Khalil
* Shahrzad Mirgholikhan
* Mohammad Hosseini
* Esha Momeni
* Mohammad Mosaddegh
* Baquer Namazi
* Siamak Namazi
* Sahar Nowrouzzadeh
* Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran
* Noor Pahlavi
* Trita Parsi
* Maryam Rajavi
* Abdolreza Shahlaei
* Ali Shakeri
* Masoud Soleimani
* Morad Tahbaz
* Kian Tajbakhsh
* Karan Vafadari
* Xiyue Wang
* Nizar Zakka
* Iranian Guantanamo Bay detainees
* Abdul Majid Muhammed

Related|

* 1998 FIFA World Cup match
* Academic relations between Iran and the United States
* American Islam
* Anti-American sentiment in Iran
* Axis of evil
* CIA activities in Iran
* Copyright relations
* Death to America
* Dual containment
* Great Satan
* International Conference on Hollywoodism
* Iran and state-sponsored terrorism
* Iranian frozen assets
* Opposition to military action against Iran
* State Sponsor of Terrorism
* United States involvement in regime change
* United States and state-sponsored terrorism
* 650 Fifth Avenue
* Alavi Foundation
* Alborz High School
* American Institute of Iranian Studies
* American School of Isfahan
* Community School, Tehran
* Damavand College
* Iran Bethel School
* Iranzamin School
* Saint Peter Church, Tehran
* Tehran American School
* "Bomb Iran"
* Overthrow
* Not for the Faint of Heart

Category
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template