Reformed Church in the United States

Reformed Christian denomination in the United States

This article is about a church in the German Reformed tradition. For the Dutch Reformed denomination, see Reformed Church in America.

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Reformed Church in the United States (RCUS)

Classification| Protestant
Orientation| Continental German Reformed
Theology| Confessional Reformed
Polity| Presbyterian
Associations| North American Presbyterian and Reformed Council, International Conference of Reformed Churches
Origin| 1725
Branched from| German Reformed Church
Separations| 1933–34 majority merged with the Evangelical Synod of North America to form the Evangelical and Reformed Church (now part of the United Church of Christ)
Congregations| 47
Members| 3340
Official website| rcus.org
Minutes of the 277th RCUS Synod 2023[1]

* Reformed Christianity portal

The Reformed Church in the United States (RCUS) is a Protestant Christian denomination in the United States. The present RCUS is a conservative, Reformed denomination. It affirms the principles of the Reformation: Sola scriptura (Scripture alone), Solus Christus (Christ alone), Sola gratia (Grace alone), Sola fide (Faith alone), and Soli Deo gloria (Glory to God alone). The RCUS has membership concentrated in the Midwest and California.

## History

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Originally known as the German Reformed Church, the RCUS was organized in 1725 thanks largely to the efforts of John Philip Boehm, who immigrated in 1720. He organized the first congregation of German Reformed believers in 1725 near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, some of them descendants and German immigrants from the turn of the century. Some had immigrated from the Palatine area. He was later joined by other ministers such as George Weiss and Michael Schlatter.

Boehm was eventually ordained by the Classis of Amsterdam in 1729, which oversaw the American branch of the Dutch Reformed Church (now the Reformed Church in America). The German Reformed remained under Dutch Reformed oversight until 1793, when the German Reformed adopted their own constitution. In the 1740s, Count Nicolaus von Zinzendorf, bishop of the Moravian Church, visited Pennsylvania, with the hopes of uniting the German Lutherans and Reformed with the Moravians, which Boehm staunchly resisted.

During the 19th century the German Reformed Church debated issues such as revivalism and especially the Mercersburg Theology of John Nevin and Philip Schaff. In 1866 Samuel Miller, a member of the German Reformed Church, published a work entitled A Treatise on Mercersburg Theology: Mercersburg and Modern Theology Compared. Other controversies, such as debates over liturgy, also occurred in the 19th century. In the second half of the century, the congregations formed their first General Synod, held in 1863. In the 1870s and 1880s, there were attempts, albeit unsuccessful, to unite with the related Dutch Reformed Church.

During the twentieth century, the RCUS increasingly shifted toward ecumenism and higher criticism of the Bible. More conservative clergy and members united to form the Eureka Classis of the RCUS, in order to continue classical Reformed worship and polity.

In 1934, the RCUS merged with the Evangelical Synod of North America (ESNA) to form the Evangelical and Reformed Church. ESNA featured a mix of both Lutheran and Reformed theology, reflecting the Prussian Union of Churches.

The Eureka Classis, however, abjured that merger and decided to identify as the "continuing" Reformed Church in the United States. The classis objected to the ESNA's admixture of Lutheran teachings with Reformed practices; most of its churches and members had descended from late 19th-century immigration either from parts of Germany where Reformed confessionalism had taken hold,[2] or from the Volga River region of Russia, where ethnic Germans had been isolated from liberalizing influences in the motherland.

By contrast, most RCUS churches, classes, and synods located in the eastern United States had significantly assimilated into generalized or what became known as mainline American Protestantism, and become more ecumenical.[3] The Evangelical and Reformed Church in 1957 merged with the Congregational Christian Churches (which had formed from earlier Congregational and Restorationist churches) to become the United Church of Christ. It has been known for its strongly liberal doctrine and moral stances.[4]

In 1986, the Eureka Classis transitioned to become a synod, currently composed of four classes. The present-day RCUS will celebrate its Tricentennial in 2025 at Mount Rushmore, South Dakota.

## Polity and beliefs

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The polity of the RCUS is presbyterian; local congregations elect elders and deacons for guidance. The pastor is the presiding officer of the church council or consistory. The RCUS has around 43 congregations, with about 2,500 communicant members throughout the United States. The congregations are grouped together in four classes: Western Classis, Northern Plains Classis, South Central Classis, Covenant Eastern Classis. A classis is equivalent to a presbytery in Scots-Anglo-Irish Presbyterian denominations. A general, or national, synod convenes annually in mid-spring.

## Theology

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The old RCUS, as well as the continuing RCUS, originally held only to the Heidelberg Catechism[5] as its statement of faith. In 1995, the Synod officially adopted the Belgic Confession of Faith[6] and the Canons of Dort, which along with Heidelberg are known as the Three Forms of Unity which are commonly used together by Reformed churches (especially those coming out of the Dutch branch of Reformed churches). By holding strictly to these standards, the RCUS maintains a strong affiliation with Calvinism and the 16th-century Reformation.

The RCUS believes in Biblical inerrancy, including a teaching that Genesis 1:1—2:4 must be understood as a literal 24-hour, six-day creation account. The RCUS also does not allow women to hold special office (elders, deacons, pastor), a stance held by many conservative Reformed or Presbyterian bodies in the United States. In addition, the RCUS rejects some standard positions associated with American fundamentalism such as premillennialism and total abstinence from alcoholic beverages, holding instead a focus on a European Calvinist orthodoxy rather than American-style revivalism.[7]

## International organisations

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The Reformed Church in the United States is a member of the North American Presbyterian and Reformed Council as well as the International Conference of Reformed Churches.[8]

## References

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1. ^ "Abstract of the Minutes of the 277th RCUS Synod, 2023" (PDF). The Reformed Church in the United States. May 2023. Retrieved 2023-07-02.
2. ^ "The 1934 Merger (And the Rebirth of the RCUS)". Archived from the original on 2013-03-24. Retrieved 2013-03-24.
3. ^ Fasse, Christoph. "Address data base of Reformed churches and institutions". Reformiert-online.net. Retrieved 16 November 2017.
4. ^ "The History of the RCUS Since the 1934 Merger". Archived from the original on 2013-03-24. Retrieved 2013-05-01.
5. ^ "Heidelberg Catechism – 2011". Rcus.org. Retrieved 16 November 2017.
6. ^ "Belgic Confession – 2011". Rcus.org. Retrieved 16 November 2017.
7. ^ "Position Papers". Rcus.org. Retrieved 16 November 2017.
8. ^ "The International Conference of Reformed Churches". Archived from the original on 2014-08-27. Retrieved 2014-03-31.

## External links

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Reformed Church in the United States.

* Reformed Church in the United States (RCUS) official website

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North American Presbyterian and Reformed Council member denominations

* Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church
* Canadian and American Reformed Churches
* Free Reformed Churches in North America
* Heritage Reformed Congregations
* Église réformée du Québec
* Korean American Presbyterian Church
* Orthodox Presbyterian Church
* Presbyterian Church in America
* Reformed Church in the United States
* Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America
* United Reformed Churches in North America

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Presbyterian and Reformed denominations in the United States

Main article

United|

* United Church of Christ[a]

Continental
Reformed|

| Dutch[b]|

* Alliance of Reformed Churches
* Canadian and American Reformed Churches[c]
* Christian Reformed Church in North America
* Free Reformed Churches of North America[c]
* Heritage Reformed Congregations[c]
* Netherlands Reformed Congregations
* Protestant Reformed Churches in America
* Reformed Church in America
* Reformed Congregations in North America
* United Reformed Churches in North America[c]

|

German[b]|

* Reformed Church in the United States[c]

French[b]|

* Huguenot Church

Hungarian[b]|

* Calvin Synod (United Church of Christ)[d]
* Hungarian Reformed Church in America

Presbyterian
(Main article)|

* Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church[c]
* Covenant Presbyterian Church
* Cumberland Presbyterian Church
* ECO: A Covenant Order of Evangelical Presbyterians
* Evangelical Presbyterian Church
* Presbyterian Church in America[c]
* Presbyterian Church (USA)
* Reformed Presbyterian Church General Assembly
* Reformed Presbyterian Church – Hanover Presbytery
* Upper Cumberland Presbyterian Church

| Fundamentalist[e]|

* Bible Presbyterian Church
* Orthodox Presbyterian Church[c]

|

Black|

* Cumberland Presbyterian Church in America

Scottish[f]|

* Free Church of Scotland
* Free Church of Scotland (Continuing)
* Free Presbyterian Church of North America
* Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America[c]

Korean[b]|

* Evangelical Assembly of Presbyterian Churches in America
* Korean American Presbyterian Church[c]
* Korean Evangelical Presbyterian Church in America
* Korean Presbyterian Church Abroad
* Korean Presbyterian Church in America (Kosin)[c]
* Presbyterian Church in Korea (Koshin)

Congregationalist
(Main article)|

* Conservative Congregational Christian Conference
* Evangelical Association of Reformed and Congregational Christian Churches
* National Association of Congregational Christian Churches

Baptist|

* Confessional Baptist Association
* Fellowship of Independent Reformed Evangelicals
* Founders Ministries

Anglican|

* Reformed Anglican Church

Other|

* Acts 29 Network
* Sovereign Grace Churches

Any of the above[g]|

* Communion of Reformed Evangelical Churches

* All Reformed denominations

1. ^ This denomination is the result of a merger between Lutheran, German Reformed, Congregational and Restorationist churches and is such considered by some to no longer be a "Reformed denomination".
2. ^ a b c d e This refers to the denomination's heritage and not necessarily to the language in which the services are conducted in.
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Member of the NAPARC.
4. ^ This is a reformed synod within the United Church of Christ that is distinct in heritage, doctrine and practice from the rest of the denomination.
5. ^ Those are denominations spawned by the Fundamentalist–modernist controversy of the 1920s.
6. ^ Although Presbyterianism itself originated in Scotland, those denominations stand out as having a more prominent Scottish heritage and/or connection with Scottish Presbyterian denominations.
7. ^ Those denominations allow member churches to be more diverse as regards the reformed tradition that they adhere to.

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