Regent Mill, Failsworth

Cotton mill in Greater Manchester, England

Regent Mill, Failsworth

Regent Mill in 1950, showing the now demolished chimney

Location in Greater Manchester

Cotton
Spinning (ring mill)
Location| Failsworth, Oldham, Greater Manchester, England
Serving canal| Rochdale Canal
Owner| The Regent Mill Company Limited (RMCL)
Further ownership|

* Andrew Design Procurement (1919–1927)
* Lancashire Cotton Corporation (1930)
* Courtaulds (1964)

Current owners| Saltons of Chicago
Coordinates| 53°30′31″N 2°09′37″W﻿ / ﻿53.5087°N 2.1604°W﻿ / 53.5087; -2.1604
Construction
Built| 1906
Floor count| 4
Floor area| 345 by 130 feet (105 by 40 m)
Design team
Architect| George Stott
Power
Date| 1906
Engine maker| Buckley & Taylor
Decommissioned| 1957
Engine type| Inverted marine vertical triple
Valve Gear| Corliss
rpm| 64
Installed horse power (ihp)| 1800
Flywheel diameter| 26
Transmission type| Rope
No. of ropes| 26
Boiler configuration
Boilers| Twin Lancashire, coal fired
Equipment
Manufacturer| Platts of Oldham
Ring Frames path| 60000 spindles in 1915

Listed Building – Grade II

Regent Mill, Failsworth is a Grade II listed former cotton spinning mill in Failsworth, Oldham, Greater Manchester, England. It was built by the Regent Mill Co Ltd. in 1905, and purchased by the Lancashire Cotton Corporation in 1930.[1] It was taken over by the Courtaulds Group in 1964. On ceasing textile production it was occupied by Pifco Ltd, and then by Salton Europe Ltd who now occupy this site. It was driven by an 1800 hp twin tandem compound engine by Buckley & Taylor. It became a ring mill with 60,000 spindles in 1915, all provided by Platt Brothers.[2]

## Location

[edit]

Failsworth is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England.[3] It lies on undulating ground,[4] on the course of the Rochdale Canal and north bank of the River Medlock. It is 2.7 miles (4.3 km) west-northwest of Ashton-under-Lyne, 2.9 miles (4.7 km) south-southwest of Oldham and 4.2 miles (6.8 km) to the east-northeast of Manchester city centre.

Regent Mill was built alongside the Rochdale Canal on Princess Street, but is now reached from the Oldham Road by way of Fir Street.

## History

[edit]

Historically a part of Lancashire, until the 19th century Failsworth was a small agricultural township linked, ecclesiastically, with the parish of Manchester.[4] Farming was the main industry of this rural area, with locals supplementing their incomes by hand-loom weaving in the domestic system. The introduction of textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution facilitated a process of unplanned urbanisation in the area, giving rise to Failsworth as a mill town, marked architecturally by several large redbrick cotton mills.

It was in the second half of the 19th century, that Oldham became the world centre for spinning cotton yarn.[5] This was due in a large part to the formation of limited liability companies known as Oldham Limiteds. In 1851, over 30% of Oldham's population was employed within the textile sector, compared to 5% across Great Britain.[6] At its zenith, it was the most productive cotton spinning mill town in the world,.[7][8] By 1871 Oldham had more spindles than any country in the world except the United States, and in 1909, was spinning more cotton than France and Germany combined.[9]

Regent Mill was built in 1906 by George Stott, during the third wave of the Joint-stock company boom, that was responsible for many companies referred to as Oldham Limiteds. The plans are extant in the Oldham Local Studies Centre.[10]

The industry peaked in 1912 when it produced 8 billion yards of cloth. The great war of 1914–1918 halted the supply of raw cotton, and the British government encouraged its colonies to build mills to spin and weave cotton. The war over, Lancashire never regained its markets. Later, purchased by the Andrew Design Procurment in 1919 who occupied the site for eight years until 1927 with their moderate success to re-establish the mill. However, the independent mills were struggling. The Bank of England set up the Lancashire Cotton Corporation in 1929 to attempt to rationalise and save the industry. Regent Mill, Failsworth was one of 104 mills bought by the LCC, and one of the 53 mills that survived through to 1950.[11] Post cotton it was occupied by Pifco Ltd,[2] who later became Salton Europe Ltd. It is now the registered office of Spectrum Brands UK Ltd. and Russell Hobbs Ltd[12][13]

## Architecture

[edit]

This was designed as a ring mill (thus lower head room was required than in a mule mill) it was 345 by 130 feet (105 by 40 m) It it four storeys high. The cellar contained a warehouse, yarn cellar, waste room, cotton room, and dust room. The first floor was the card room. The second floor was the ring frame room. The third floor was the winding, warping and beaming room. The chimney was 210 feet (64 m), it and the boiler house were demolished in 1964.[10]

## Power

[edit]

It was powered by a marine type vertical triple expansion engines built by Buckley & Taylor of Oldham in 1906 with 1800 installed horsepower. The engine had a 63-inch-diameter (1,600 mm) low-pressure cylinder and was sometimes loaded to 2,000 ihp. It ran until 1958, when it was scrapped. It ran 60,000 spindles. There was a 26 ft flywheel, 26 ropes operated at 64 rpm. [2][14]

## See also

[edit]

* Greater Manchester portal

* Listed buildings in Failsworth
* Textile manufacturing

## References

[edit]

1. ^ The Times, March 26, 1931, p. 19
2. ^ a b c Gurr & Hunt 1985, p. 47
3. ^ Greater Manchester Gazetteer, Greater Manchester County Record Office, archived from the original on 18 July 2011, retrieved 9 July 2007
4. ^ a b Lewis 1848, pp. 206–209.
5. ^ . McNeil, R.; Nevell, M. (2000), A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Greater Manchester, Association for Industrial Archaeology, ISBN 0-9528930-3-7
6. ^ Foster, John (1974), Class Struggle and the Industrial Revolution - Early industrial capitalism in three English towns, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, ISBN 978-0-297-76681-0
7. ^ Gurr & Hunt 1985, pp. 1–5.
8. ^ NW Cotton Towns Learning Journey, spinningtheweb.org.uk, retrieved 14 September 2007
9. ^ Oldham Metropolitan Borough Council (2001), Contaminated Land Strategy 2001 (PDF), oldham.gov.uk, p. 16, archived from the original (PDF) on 29 May 2008, retrieved 11 March 2008
10. ^ a b Dunkerley 2009
11. ^ LCC 1951
12. ^ "SPECTRUM BRANDS (UK) LIMITED". Companies House. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
13. ^ "RUSSELL HOBBS LIMITED". Companies House. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
14. ^ Roberts 1921

## Bibliography

[edit]

* LCC (1951), The mills and organisation of the Lancashire Cotton Corporation Limited, a promotional book, LCC, Blackfriars House, Manchester
* Dunkerley, Philip (2009). "Dunkerley-Tuson Family Website, The Regent Cotton Mill, Failsworth". Retrieved 1 March 2016.
* Hills, Richard Leslie (1993), Power from Steam: A History of the Stationary Steam Engine, Cambridge University Press, p. 244, ISBN 978-0-521-45834-4, retrieved 11 January 2009
* Gurr, Duncan; Hunt, Julian (1985), The Cotton Mills of Oldham, Oldham Education & Leisure, ISBN 0-902809-46-6
* Lewis, Samuel (1848), A Topographical Dictionary of England, Institute of Historical Research, ISBN 978-0-8063-1508-9
* Roberts, A S (1921), "Arthur Robert's Engine List", Arthur Roberts Black Book., One guy from Barlick-Book Transcription, archived from the original on 23 July 2011, retrieved 11 January 2009

## External links

[edit]

* www.cottontown.org
* www.spinningtheweb.org.uk
* The Regent Cotton Mill, Failsworth
* Family history of the Overseer

* v
* t
* e

Lancashire cotton

Architects|

* David Bellhouse
* Bradshaw Gass & Hope
* F.W. Dixon & Son
* Edward Potts
* Stott
* Stott and Sons
* Sidney Stott (later Sir Philip)

Engine makers|

* Daniel Adamson
* Ashton Frost
* Ashworth & Parker
* Bateman & Sherratt
* Boulton & Watt
* Browett, Lindley & Co
* Buckley & Taylor
* Carels Frères
* Clayton, Goodfellow & Co
* Earnshaw & Holt
* Fairbairn
* W & J Galloway & Sons
* Benjamin Goodfellow
* B. Hick and Sons / Hick, Hargreaves & Co
* John Musgrave & Sons
* J & W McNaught
* Petrie of Rochdale
* William Roberts & Co of Nelson
* George Saxon
* Scott & Hodgson
* Urmson & Thompson
* Yates & Thom / Yates of Blackburn
* Willans & Robinson
* J & E Wood
* Woolstenhulmes & Rye

Machinery makers|

* Brooks & Doxey
* Butterworth & Dickinson
* Curtis, Parr & Walton
* Dobson & Barlow
* John Hetherington & Sons
* Joseph Hibbert
* John Pilling and Sons
* Harling & Todd
* Howard & Bullough
* Geo. Hattersley
* Asa Lees
* Mather & Platt
* Parr, Curtis & Madely
* British Northrop Loom Co
* Pemberton & Co
* Platt Brothers
* Taylor, Lang & Co
* Textile Machinery Makers
* Tweedales & Smalley
* T. Wildman & Sons

Mill owners|

* Elkanah Armitage
* Henry Ashworth
* Hugh Birley
* Hugh Hornby Birley
* Joseph Brotherton
* James Burton
* Peter Drinkwater
* Nathaniel Eckersley
* John Fielden
* William Gray
* Hannah Greg
* Samuel Greg
* Richard Howarth
* William Houldsworth
* John Kennedy
* George Augustus Lee
* Charles Macintosh
* Hugh Mason
* Samuel Oldknow
* Robert Peel
* John Rylands
* Thomas Whitehead and Brothers

Limited companies|

* Oldham Limiteds
* Fine Spinners and Doublers
* Lancashire Cotton Corporation
* Bagley & Wright
* Combined Egyptian Mills
* Courtaulds
* James Burton & Sons
* Amalgamated Cotton Mills Trust

Industrial processes|

* Textile manufacturing
* Cotton-spinning machinery
* DREF friction spinning
* Magnetic ring spinning
* Open-end spinning
* Ring spinning
* Spinning frame
* Spinning jenny
* Spinning mule
* Carding
* Steaming
* Water frame
* Roberts Loom
* Lancashire Loom
* Northrop Loom
* Air-jet loom
* Rapier loom
* Dandy loom
* Lancashire boiler

Associations|

* Amalgamated Association of Beamers, Twisters and Drawers (Hand and Machine)
* Amalgamated Association of Operative Cotton Spinners
* Amalgamated Textile Warehousemen's Association
* Amalgamated Textile Workers' Union
* Amalgamated Weavers' Association
* Cardroom Amalgamation
* General Union of Lancashire and Yorkshire Warp Dressers' Association
* General Union of Loom Overlookers
* Lancashire Amalgamated Tape Sizers' Friendly Society
* North East Lancashire Amalgamated Weavers' Association
* Northern Counties Textile Trades Federation
* The Textile Institute
* United Textile Factory Workers' Association

Employment practices|

* More looms
* Kissing the shuttle
* Mule spinners' cancer
* Piece-rate list

Lists of mills|

* LCC mills
* Bolton
* Bury
* Cheshire
* Derbyshire
* Lancashire
* Manchester
* Oldham (borough)
* Preston
* Rochdale
* Salford
* Stockport
* Tameside
* Wigan
* Yorkshire

Museums|

* Bancroft Shed
* Helmshore Mills
* Queen Street Mill
* Weavers' Triangle
* Quarry Bank Mill, Styal

Pioneers|

* Richard Arkwright
* Samuel Crompton
* Peter Foxcroft
* James Hargreaves
* Thomas Highs
* John Kay (flying shuttle)
* John Kay (spinning frame)
* Robert Owen

* v
* t
* e

Lancashire Cotton Corporation

Bury|

* Pilot Mill, Bury
* Wilton Mill, Radcliffe

Bolton|

* Ainsworth Mill, Breightmet
* Bolton Union Mill, Bolton
* Century Mill, Farnworth

Lancashire|

* Coppull Mill
* Imperial Mill, Blackburn
* Mavis Mill

Manchester and Salford|

* Brunswick Mill, Ancoats
* Monton Mill, Eccles

Oldham|

* Ace Mill, Hollinwood
* Blackridings Mill, Oldham
* Dawn Mill, Shaw
* Fox Mill, Hollinwood
* Hawk Mill, Shaw
* Heron Mill, Hollinwood
* Junction Mill, Middleton Junction
* Kent Mill, Chadderton
* Laurel Mill, Middleton Junction
* Magnet Mill, Chadderton
* Majestic Mill, Waterhead
* Manor Mill, Chadderton
* Newby Mill, Shaw
* Orme Mill, Waterhead
* Regent Mill, Failsworth
* Royd Mill, Oldham
* Royton Ring Mill, Royton
* Rutland Mill, Shaw
* Textile Mill, Chadderton
* Trent Mill, Shaw

Rochdale|

* Arkwright Mill, Rochdale
* Harp Mill, Castleton
* Malta Mill, Middleton
* Mars Mill, Castleton

Stockport|

* Elder Mill, Romiley
* Kingston Mill, Stockport
* Palmer Mills, Stockport
* Vernon Mill, Stockport
* Welkin Mill, Lower Bredbury

Tameside|

* Atlas Mill, Ashton-under-Lyne
* Cedar Mill, Ashton-under-Lyne
* Rock Mill, Ashton-under-Lyne
* Saxon Mill, Droylsden
* Stalybridge Mill, Stalybridge
* Texas Mill, Ashton-under-Lyne
* Tudor Mill, Ashton-under-Lyne
* Waterside Mill, Ashton-under-Lyne

Wigan|

* Empress Mill, Ince
* May Mill, Pemberton
* Trencherfield Mill

West Yorkshire|

* Foxsons Mill, Staincliffe
* Mons Mill, Todmorden

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