Religious affiliation in the United States Senate

The religious affiliation in the United States Senate reflects the variety of religion in the United States, despite not being in line with the religious affiliation of the general population.

While the religious preference of elected officials is by no means an indication of their allegiance nor necessarily reflective of their voting record, the religious affiliation of prominent members of all three branches of government is a source of commentary and discussion among the media and public. The topic is also of interest to religious groups and the general public who may appeal to senators of their denomination on religious or moral issues facing the United States Senate.

This list reports the religious affiliation of the members of the United States Senate in the 119th United States Congress. In most cases, in addition to specific sources, the senators' religious affiliations are those mentioned by the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life at the Pew Research Center, which publishes a report at the beginning of each Congress.[1][2]

## Christians (86)

[edit]

### Protestants (59)

[edit]

#### Baptists (12)

[edit]

Senator  | Party  | State  | Religion  | Notes

|
|
|
|

Angela Alsobrooks | Democrat  | Maryland | Baptist | Denomination: Converge; member of First Baptist Church of Glenarden.[3]
Cory Booker | Democrat  | New Jersey | Baptist[4] | Denomination: NBC;[5] raised as a Methodist.[6]
John Boozman | Republican  | Arkansas | Baptist[7][8] | Denomination: SBC.
Ted Cruz | Republican  | Texas | Baptist[9][10] | Denomination: SBC.
Lindsey Graham | Republican  | South Carolina | Baptist[11][12] | Denomination: SBC.
Chuck Grassley | Republican  | Iowa | Baptist[13][14] | Denomination: BGC; attends a non-denominational church.[15]
Cindy Hyde-Smith | Republican  | Mississippi | Baptist[16] | Denomination: SBC.
Jim Justice | Republican  | West Virginia | Baptist  | Denomination: ABC.[17][18][19]
James Lankford | Republican  | Oklahoma | Baptist[20][21] | Denomination: SBC; former student ministries and evangelism specialist for the BGCO.
Mitch McConnell | Republican  | Kentucky | Baptist[22][23] | Denomination: SBC.
Raphael Warnock | Democrat  | Georgia | Baptist  | Former associated pastor of Abyssinian Baptist Church, affiliated to NBC;
senior pastor of Ebenezer Baptist Church, affiliated to PNBC and ABC.
Roger Wicker | Republican  | Mississippi | Baptist[24][25] | Denomination: SBC.

#### Presbyterians (12)

[edit]

Senator  | Party  | State  | Religion  | Notes

|
|
|
|

Jim Banks | Republican  | Indiana | Presbyterian | Denomination: EPC.
John Barrasso | Republican | Wyoming | Presbyterian[26][27] | Denomination: PCUSA; former Catholic.
Marsha Blackburn | Republican  | Tennessee | Presbyterian[28] | Denomination: PCA.
Shelley Moore Capito | Republican  | West Virginia | Presbyterian[29] | Denomination: PCUSA.
Chris Coons | Democratic | Delaware | Presbyterian[30][31] | Denomination: PCUSA;[32] attends a Catholic church.[33]
Steve Daines | Republican  | Montana | Presbyterian[34] | Denomination: EPC.[35][36]
Deb Fischer | Republican  | Nebraska | Presbyterian[37][38] |
Josh Hawley | Republican  | Missouri | Presbyterian[39] | Denomination: EPC;[39] raised as a Methodist.[40]
Andy Kim | Democrat  | New Jersey | Presbyterian[41] |
Rand Paul | Republican  | Kentucky | Presbyterian[42][43] | Denomination: PCUSA;[44] raised as an Episcopalian.[45][46]
Tina Smith | Democrat  | Minnesota | Presbyterian[2] | Swore by an old Heilige Bibel, a family Bible.[47]
Mark Warner | Democrat  | Virginia | Presbyterian[48][49] |

#### Non-denominational Evangelicals (6)

[edit]

Senator  | Party  | State  | Religion  | Notes

|
|
|
|

Lisa Blunt Rochester | Democrat  | Delaware | Non-denominational Evangelical |
Ted Budd | Republican  | North Carolina | Non-denominational Evangelical[50] |
Bill Cassidy | Republican  | Louisiana | Non-denominational Evangelical[51] |
Rick Scott | Republican  | Florida | Non-denominational Evangelical[52] | Former Presbyterian.[52]
Tim Scott | Republican  | South Carolina | Non-denominational Evangelical[53][54] |
John Thune | Republican  | South Dakota | Non-denominational Evangelical[55][56] |

#### Lutherans (6)

[edit]

Senator  | Party  | State  | Religion  | Notes

|
|
|
|

Joni Ernst | Republican  | Iowa | Lutheran[57][58][59] | Denomination: ELCA.
Martin Heinrich | Democrat  | New Mexico | Lutheran[57][60][61] | Denomination: ELCA.
Ron Johnson | Republican  | Wisconsin | Lutheran[57][62][63] | Denomination: WELS.
Cynthia Lummis | Republican  | Wyoming | Lutheran[57][64] | Denomination: LCMS.
Jeff Merkley | Democrat  | Oregon | Lutheran[57][65][66] | Denomination: ELCA.
Tim Sheehy | Republican  | Montana | Lutheran[2] |

#### Methodists (5)

[edit]

Senator  | Party  | State  | Religion  | Notes

|
|
|
|

Katie Britt | Republican  | Alabama | Methodist[67] | Denomination: UMC.[67][68][69]
Tom Cotton | Republican  | Arkansas | Methodist[70] | Denomination: UMC.[71]
John Kennedy | Republican  | Louisiana | Methodist[72] | Denomination: UMC.[72]
Jerry Moran | Republican  | Kansas | Methodist[73][74] | Attends a Presbyterian church.[75]
Elizabeth Warren | Democrat  | Massachusetts | Methodist[76][77] | Denomination: UMC;[78] attends various churches.[79]

#### Episcopalians (5)

[edit]

Senator  | Party  | State  | Religion  | Notes

|
|
|
|

Bill Hagerty | Republican  | Tennessee | Episcopalian[2] |
Angus King | Independent
(caucusing with Democrats) | Maine | Episcopalian[80][81][82] |
Gary Peters | Democrat  | Michigan | Episcopalian[80][83][84] |
Chris Van Hollen | Democrat  | Maryland | Episcopalian[80][85] |
Sheldon Whitehouse | Democrat  | Rhode Island | Episcopalian[80][86][87] |

#### Restorationists (3)

[edit]

Senator  | Party  | State  | Religion  | Notes

|
|
|
|

John Cornyn | Republican  | Texas | Restorationist[88][89] | Denomination: Churches of Christ.
Roger Marshall | Republican  | Kansas | Restorationist  | Denomination: Christian Church (Disciples of Christ).[90][91]
Tommy Tuberville | Republican  | Alabama | Restorationist[92] | Denomination: Churches of Christ.

#### Congregationalists (2)

[edit]

Senator  | Party  | State  | Religion  | Notes

|
|
|
|

Maggie Hassan | Democrat  | New Hampshire | Congregationalist | Denomination: UCC.
Amy Klobuchar | Democrat  | Minnesota | Congregationalist[93][94] | Denomination: UCC.

#### Pentecostals (2)

[edit]

Senator  | Party  | State  | Religion  | Notes

|
|
|
|

Kevin Cramer | Republican  | North Dakota | Pentecostal  | Denomination: ICFG;[95] former Lutheran.
Markwayne Mullin | Republican  | Oklahoma | Pentecostal[96] | Denomination: Assemblies of God.[97]

#### Quakers (1)

[edit]

Senator  | Party  | State  | Religion  | Notes

|
|
|
|

John Hickenlooper | Democrat  | Colorado | Quaker[98] | "Raised on the periphery of the Episcopal Church",[99]
but misidentified as an Episcopalian in the Pew Report.[2]

#### Unspecified Protestants (5)

[edit]

Senator  | Party  | State  | Religion  | Notes

|
|
|
|

Dave McCormick | Republican  | Pennsylvania | Protestant[2] |
Ashley Moody | Republican  | Florida | Protestant  |
Chris Murphy | Democrat  | Connecticut | Protestant[100][101] | Raised as a Congregationalist.[102]
Jeanne Shaheen | Democrat  | New Hampshire | Protestant[103][104] |
Todd Young | Republican  | Indiana | Protestant[2] |

### Catholics (24)

[edit]

Senator  | Party  | State  | Religion  | Notes

|
|
|
|

Maria Cantwell | Democrat  | Washington | Catholic[105][106] |
Susan Collins | Republican  | Maine | Catholic[107][108] |
Catherine Cortez Masto | Democrat  | Nevada | Catholic[109][110][111] |
Dick Durbin | Democrat  | Illinois | Catholic[112][113] |
Ruben Gallego | Democrat  | Arizona | Catholic[2] |
Kirsten Gillibrand | Democrat  | New York | Catholic[114][115] |
John Hoeven | Republican  | North Dakota | Catholic[116][117] |
Jon Husted | Republican  | Ohio | Catholic  |
Tim Kaine | Democrat  | Virginia | Catholic[118][119] |
Mark Kelly | Democrat  | Arizona | Catholic[2] | His wife, former Rep. Gabby Giffords, is Jewish.
Ben Ray Luján | Democrat  | New Mexico | Catholic[2] |
Ed Markey | Democrat  | Massachusetts | Catholic[120][121] |
Bernie Moreno | Republican  | Ohio | Catholic  |
Lisa Murkowski | Republican  | Alaska | Catholic[122][123] |
Patty Murray | Democrat  | Washington | Catholic[124][125] |
Alex Padilla | Democrat  | California | Catholic[126] |
Jack Reed | Democrat  | Rhode Island | Catholic[127][128] |
Pete Ricketts | Republican  | Nebraska | Catholic[129] |
Jim Risch | Republican  | Idaho | Catholic[130][131] |
Mike Rounds | Republican  | South Dakota | Catholic[132][133] |
Eric Schmitt | Republican  | Missouri | Catholic[134] |
Dan Sullivan | Republican  | Alaska | Catholic[135] |
Thom Tillis | Republican  | North Carolina | Catholic[136] |
Peter Welch | Democrat  | Vermont | Catholic[137] |

### Latter-day Saints (3)

[edit]

Senator  | Party  | State  | Religion  | Notes

|
|
|
|

Mike Crapo | Republican  | Idaho | Latter-day Saint[138][139] |
John Curtis | Republican  | Utah | Latter-day Saint  |
Mike Lee | Republican  | Utah | Latter-day Saint[140][141] |

## Jews (9)

[edit]

Senator  | Party  | State  | Religion  | Notes

|
|
|
|

Richard Blumenthal | Democrat  | Connecticut | Jewish[142][143] |
Jon Ossoff | Democrat  | Georgia | Jewish[144] |
Elissa Slotkin | Democrat  | Michigan | Jewish  |
Bernie Sanders | Independent
(caucusing with Democrats) | Vermont | Jewish[145][146] | Non-practicing.
Adam Schiff | Democrat  | California | Jewish[147] |
Jacky Rosen | Democrat  | Nevada | Jewish[148][149] |
Brian Schatz | Democrat  | Hawaii | Jewish[150][151] |
Chuck Schumer | Democrat  | New York | Jewish[152][153] |
Ron Wyden | Democrat  | Oregon | Jewish[154][155] |

## Buddhists (1)

[edit]

Senator  | Party  | State  | Religion  | Notes

|
|
|
|

Mazie Hirono | Democrat  | Hawaii | Buddhist[156][157] | School: Jōdo Shinshū; non-practicing.

## Unknown or refused to specify (4)

[edit]

Senator  | Party  | State  | Religion  | Notes

|
|
|
|

Tammy Baldwin | Democrat  | Wisconsin | Unknown or refused to specify[2][158][159] | Baptized as an Episcopalian.[160]
Michael Bennet | Democrat  | Colorado | Unknown or refused to specify[2][161][162] | Raised in both Jewish and Christian traditions.[163] Believes in God.[164]
Tammy Duckworth | Democrat  | Illinois | Unknown or refused to specify[2] | Sometimes acknowledged as Deist. Her father was a Baptist.[165]
John Fetterman | Democrat  | Pennsylvania | Unknown or refused to specify  | Raised as a Christian, believes in God and attends church regularly.[166][dead link]

## Comparison with general population

[edit]

In conjunction with figures derived from the Pew Research Center's 2021 "survey of the religious composition of the United States",[2][167] the most basic breakdown of the above data indicates that 84% of the Senate identify as Christian (compared with 62% of the population), 9% identify as Jewish (compared with 2% of the population), 4% have unknown religious affiliation or refused to specify it (compared with 2% of the population), 1% identifies with other religions (compared with 5% of the population), while 0% identifies as unaffiliated (compared with 28% of the population).

According to figures derived from the Gallup Inc., in 2023 the most basic breakdown of the above data indicates that 86% of the Senate identify as Christian (compared with 67% of the population), 9% identify as Jewish (compared with 2% of the population), 4% have unknown religious affiliation or refused to specify it (compared with 3% of the population), 1% identifies with other religions (compared with 6% of the population), while 0% identifies as unaffiliated (compared with 22% of the population).

The unaffiliated are extremely under-represented, while Jews, Presbyterians, Lutherans and Episcopalians are particularly over-represented.

The following table compares reported religious affiliations of senators to religious statistics of the demographics of the United States:

Religion | Group | No. of senators | % of senators | % of population | Relative representation

|
|
|
|
|

Christians | Catholics |

24 / 100

| 24% | 20% | 120%
Presbyterians |

12 / 100

| 12% | 2% | 600%
Baptists |

12 / 100

| 12% | 11% | 109.09%
Non-denominational Evangelicals |

6 / 100

| 6% | 8% | 75%
Lutherans |

6 / 100

| 6% | 3% | 200%
Methodists |

5 / 100

| 5% | 3% | 166.67%
Episcopalians |

5 / 100

| 5% | 1% | 500%
Restorationists |

3 / 100

| 3% | 1% | 300%
Pentecostals |

2 / 100

| 2% | 4% | 50%
Other Protestants |

8 / 100

| 8% | 8% | 100%
Latter-day Saints |

3 / 100

| 3% | 1% | 300%
Jews |

9 / 100

| 9% | 2% | 450%
Other religions |

1 / 100

| 1% | 6% | 16.67%
Unknown or refused to specify |

4 / 100

| 4% | 2% | 200%
Unaffiliated |

0 / 100

| 0% | 28% | 0%

## See also

[edit]

* Demographics of the United States
* Religion in the United States
* Religious affiliation in the United States House of Representatives
* Religious affiliations of presidents of the United States
* Religious affiliations of vice presidents of the United States

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[edit]

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## External links

[edit]

* Catholics in the Public Square
* Jewish Members of Congress National Jewish Democratic Committee (List of Jewish Americans who are Democrats or Independents)
* Episcopalians in the Senate and the Federal Marriage Amendment