Renewable energy in Ukraine

Perovo Solar Park

In Ukraine, the share of renewables within the total energy mix is less than 5%.[1]: 27 In 2020 10% of electricity was generated from renewables; made up of 5% hydro,[2] 4% wind,[3] and 1% solar.[4] Biomass provides renewable heat.[1]: 35

## Progress towards targets

[edit]

Renewable energy Progress Report Ukraine, 2014-2020.[5][6][7] | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020

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Renewable energy share of heating and cooling sector  |  |  | 6,20% | 7,56% | 8% | 9,03% | 9,28%
Renewable energy share of electricity sector  |  |  | 7,91% | 8,64% | 8,9% | 10,89% | 13,92%
Renewable energy share of transport sector  |  |  | 2,10% | 2,44% | 2,2% | 3,07% | 2,47%
Renewable energy share of total energy consumption | 3,9% | 4,9% | 5,85% | 6,67% | 7% | 8,08% | 9,19%

Renewable energy use in Ukraine started from a relatively low base in 2016, but until the 2022 invasion its use was growing in all sectors. Overall in 2017 Ukraine 6.67% of total energy consumption in the country was provided by renewable energy sources. This broke down into 7.56% in the heating and cooling sector, 8.64% in the electricity sector and 2.44% in the transport sector. Renewable energy use grew particularly strongly in the electricity sector from 2018 to 2021 with a large rise in solar power installations as well as smaller rises in wind power and other sources.

## History

[edit]

Ukraine RE targets Renewable energy capacities (MWp)[8][9][10][11][12] | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021

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Wind | 87 | 151 | 194 | 334 | 426/651,8 | 426 | 438 | 465 | 533 | 1,170 | 1,314 | 1,673
Solar | 3 | 191 | 326 | 616 | 411/818,9 | 432 | 531 | 742 | 1,388 | 4,925 | 6,094 | 6,227
households SPP | - | - | - | - | 0,1 | 2 | 17 | 51 | 157 | 553 | 779 | 1,205
Small hydropower plants of Ukraine [uk] |  |  | 73 | 75 | 80 | 87 | 90 | 95 | 99 | 114 | 116 | 121
Biomass |  |  | 6 | 17 | 35 | 35 | 39 | 39 | 52 | 55.9 | 91 | 152
Biogas |  |  | 0 | 7 | 14 | 17 | 20 | 34 | 46 | 70.3 | 103 | 124
Annual increase in new
capacities |  |  |  | 537 | 281 | 32 | 136 | 291 | 848 | 4,505 | 1,577 | 1,005
Total cumulative Installed
capacity |  |  |  | 1,181 | 967 | 999 | 1,135 | 1,426 | 2,275 | 6,939 | 8,516 | 9,521
Percentage of
generation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.7% | 3.7% |  |
Hydropower | 5,400,2 | 5,400,2 | 5,400,2 | 5,724,2 | 5,724,2 | 6,048,2 | 6,048,2 | 6,048,2 | 6,048,2 | 6,048,2 | 6,048,2 | 6,523.2

* 87,8 MWp WPP, 407,9 MWp SPP - is in the occupied territory of the Crimea[8] 138 MWp WPP in occupied part of Donbas. In total, 633.7 MW of green energy capacities are occupied by Russia.

At the end of the first half of 2014, the total electrical capacity of renewable energy facilities operating in the green tariff in Ukraine amounted to 1419 MW, of which the total capacity of wind farms is 497 MW, solar power stations - 819 MW, small hydropower plants - 77 MW, of electricity generation from biomass and biogas - 26 MW. Installed capacity of facilities producing thermal energy from renewable energy sources exceeded 1070 MW.[13]

In 2017, the total capacity of renewable energy facilities increased by more than 10% - up to 1.5 GW.[14] For the whole of 2017, the growth of the "green" generation was 260 MW. Climate News Network reported in 2017 that Chinese companies plan to spend $1bn in a solar power park in the nuclear disaster area in Ukraine.[15]

According to NKREKP, for the 9 months of 2018, an additional 430 MW of power plant production of electricity from solar energy, wind, biomass, and small hydroelectric power plants were introduced. 83% of growth is SPP, 13% - WPP, 4% - biomass power plants.[16] The share of renewable energy in the total electricity generation in Ukraine is 1.8%, and the share in value is 8.3%.[17] In 2018, the accelerated development of Ukrainian "green" energy was recorded. Thus, during the year, 813 MW of new capacities generating power from renewable sources were installed. This is almost 3 times more than the volume of capacity introduced in 2017, namely, about 300 MW.

In particular, in 2018, the following additional capacities were introduced:

* 646 MW solar power plants (SPP);
* 70 MW SPP of private households (for 9 months);
* 68 MW of wind power plants;
* 13 MW biomass electricity generation plants;
* 12 MW of electricity generating from biogas;
* 4 MW of small hydropower plants.

Over 730 million euros were invested in the installation of 813 MW of renewable energy facilities.

Overall, by the beginning of 2019, Ukraine had 2,240 MW of power generating "clean" electricity, which was 1.5 times more than at the end of 2017 (about 1500 MW).[18]

### 2019

[edit]

In the first quarter of 2019, power plants producing electricity from renewable sources, with a total capacity of 862 MW, were commissioned in Ukraine, more than the whole of 2018. The highest number of new solar power installations ever were recorded for the first quarter - 648 MW. Wind power plants expanded by 173 MW. The rest of the "green" power plants put into operation included biogas and small hydroelectric power stations.

installations in the 1st quarter:

* 684 MW of SPP;
* 173 MW of WPP;
* 5 MW biogas plants;
* 0.1 MW of small hydropower plants.[19]

The Energy Efficiency Fund has estimated that since the beginning of the year, 730 million euro of investment has been received by Ukraine's alternative energy sector. At the same time, in 2019, an alternative source energy sector in Ukraine plans to attract 4 billion euros of investment.[20] In the second quarter of 2019 six times more power plants that produce energy from renewable energy sources than in the same period in 2018, were commissioned in Ukraine . Generally, in April–June period in Ukraine were commissioned "green" power plants with a total capacity of 656 MW. The most active was introduction of solar power plants as 568.3 MW. Wind power plants were introduced at 71 MW. In addition, in the second quarter there are 16 MW of biogas power plants.

installations in the 2nd quarter:

* 568.3 MW of SPP;
* 71 MW of WPP;
* 16 MW biogas plants;[21]
* 0.8 MW of small hydropower plants.

The regional leader in the number of commissioned capacities was Zaporizhia Oblast (152 MW) followed by: Mykolaiv (132 MW), Kyiv (76.3 MW), Dnipro (49.1 MW), Vinnytsia (40.2 MW) and other Oblasts. In the first quarter of this year, objects of alternative energy produced 1.9 billion kWh of electricity.[22] Currently, about 12,000 households use solar panels in Ukraine. In Q2, solar panels was installed by more than 3,000 households with a total capacity of more than 85 MW, which is more than 2 times more than in the first quarter of 2019. Since Q3 2015, the number of households installing solar panels has increased by almost 100 times. The total installed capacity of the installed solar plants and households is 280 MW, and the investment of households in solar energy amounted to EUR 240 million. The largest amount of SPP was installed in households in Dnipro, Ternopil and Kyiv oblasts (including Kyiv). These three regions account for more than a third of all households using solar energy.[23]

During Q3, 955.5 MW of new generating capacity was introduced, of which 97.8% was wind and solar. Most of the facilities were built in the Dnipro region - 388.5 MW. It is followed by Zaporizhzhia region - 166.9 MW, and Mykolaiv region - 144.2 MW.[24]

installations in the 3rd quarter:

* 780.5 MW of SPP;
* 154.8 MW of WPP;
* 3.3 MW biogas plants;
* 3.9 MW biomass plants;
* 11.7 MW of small hydropower plants.

About 3,000 households installed solar panels with a total capacity of nearly 70 MW in Q3 2019. These SPP projects are being implemented nationwide. The total number increased to 14790 stations and capacity increased to 345 MW by 69 MW. TOP-3 areas with the highest number of households SPP are:[25]

* 1982 (≈ 50 MW) - Dnipro;
* 1369 (≈ 37 MW) - Ternopil;
* 1345 (≈ 27 MW) - Kyiv.

## «30 GW to 2030» Ukraine reconstruction project

[edit]

In 2022, at the World Economic Forum in Davos DTEK CEO Maxim Timchenko presented a project to increase the capacity of renewable energy in Ukraine from 9 to 30 GW by 2030,[26] as a significant part of Ukraine's post-war rebuilding plan. The project involves private investments of EUR 35-40 billion.[27]

## Hydroelectricity

[edit]

This section is an excerpt from Hydroelectricity in Ukraine.[edit]

Hydro is an important source of electricity in Ukraine. State operating company is Ukrhydroenergo and Energoatom. Design of main power plants is carried out by Ukrhydroproject [uk].

## Solar energy

[edit]

This section is an excerpt from Solar power in Ukraine.[edit]

Dunayskaya solar station in 2013 Solar potential in Ukraine

Solar power in Ukraine is obtained from photovoltaics or solar thermal energy.

During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Merefa solar energy plant in the Kharkiv region was destroyed by Russia;[28] damage was also reported at the Tokmak solar energy plant in the Zaporizhia region.[29] Solar and wind power in Ukraine could be greatly expanded to meet much of the country’s electricity demand.[30]

## Wind power

[edit]

This section is an excerpt from Wind power in Ukraine.[edit]

Wind power in Ukraine is mostly in areas affected by the Russo-Ukrainian War.[31][32] At the end of 2021 there was 1.7 gigawatts (GW) of wind power capacity.[33] One GW was planned to be added in 2022,[33] but the Russian invasion stalled development.[34] Of the 700 wind turbines in Ukraine, Russian drones damaged 11,[35] including a 4 MW turbine in the 40 MW Dnistrovska wind farm in January 2024.[36] The country's only wind turbine manufacturer moved 1,500km from the frontline to the western border in 2022.[37]

Near the coast east of Odesa

The coasts of the Black and Azov Seas, the mountainous regions of the Crimean peninsula (especially the north-eastern coast) and the Carpathians, Odesa, Kherson, Zaporizhzhia, Donetsk, Luhansk and Mykolaiv regions are the most suitable for the construction of wind power plants.[38] The potential of Crimea alone is sufficient to produce more than 40 billion kWh electricity every year.

Ukraine has a rather high climatic potential of wind power,[39] which provides productive work not only of autonomous power units, but also of powerful wind power plants. The interest in exploring the most promising places for using wind energy is growing, based on its climatic potential and indicators of its possible utilization. According to the Global wind energy council, about 40% of the areas are suitable for wind power generation.[40] In the medium term, it is possible to develop about 5,000 MW of wind energy, that is, 20-30% of total electricity consumption in the country. In 1996, the government announced a strategy for the construction of 200 MW of wind power by 2010, but by the end of 2011, only 151 MW were put into operation.

By the end of 2017, 505 MW of wind power plants had been launched in Ukraine, with 138 MW remaining in the occupied territory of Donetsk and Luhansk regions, and another 87.8 MW left in occupied Crimea.[41]

As of March 2019, 8 powerful wind farms were being built in Ukraine with a total capacity of almost 1 GW. This is Ovid Wind (Odesa Oblast) - 87 MW; Black Sea WPP (Mykolaiv Oblast) - 70 MW; Prymorska WPP (Zaporizhia Oblast) - 200 MW; Overyanivska (Kherson Oblast) - 70 MW; Kramatorska WPP (Donetsk Oblast) - 70 MW; Orlivska WPP (Zaporizhia Oblast) - 100 MW; WES Sivash (Kherson Oblast) - 250 MW; Dnipro-Bug WPP (Kherson Oblast) - 110 MW.[42][43] The 114 MW Tyligulska park was under construction near Mykolaiv in early 2023.[44]

## Bioenergy

[edit]

This section is an excerpt from Bioenergy in Ukraine.[edit]

In 2021 biomass such as woodchips provided 9 percent of Ukraine’s heat production, for example for heating public buildings.[45]

## Geothermal power

[edit]

This section is an excerpt from Geothermal power in Ukraine.[edit]

Geothermal power in Ukraine has substantial potential for further development. There is about 7 MWt of geothermal heating of communal buildings and baths in Ukraine with this continuing in an upward trend following a lack of reported geothermal data from 2005-2020.[46] Commercial use of heat pumps as well as balneological purposes can be directly linked to the growth of this number. As of 2023 there is no geothermal electricity generation in Ukraine.[47] Despite this, there has been initiative to examine the prospective capabilities of this region and results have demonstrated that there are locations proven to be adequate for further development.[46]

## See also

[edit]

* Growth of photovoltaics
* Energy in Ukraine
* List of renewable energy topics by country
* Renewable energy in Poland
* Renewable energy in France
* Renewable energy in the United Kingdom

## References

[edit]

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4. ^ "Share of electricity production from solar". Our World in Data. Retrieved 2022-02-27.
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6. ^ 7% - частка «зеленої» енергії (із великими ГЕС) у кінцевому енергоспоживанні України на кінець 2018 року
7. ^ Звіт про результати стимулювання та використання енергії, виробленої з відновлюваних джерел, в Україні за 2019-2020 рр.
8. ^ a b "Інформація щодо потужності та обсягів виробництва електроенергії об'єктами відновлюваної електроенергетики, які працюють за «зеленим» тарифом (станом на 01.01.2017)" (PDF). saee.gov.ua. Держенергоефективності. 2017-01-01. Retrieved 2018-12-06.
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12. ^ Інформація щодо потужності та обсягів виробництва електроенергії об’єктами відновлюваної електроенергетики, яким встановлено «зелений» тариф (станом на 01.04.2020)
13. ^ Про Національний план дій з відновлюваної енергетики на період до 2020 року
14. ^ "В Україні зросла частка відновлюваної енергетики - голова НКРЕКП". www.ukrinform.ua. Ukrinform. 2018-03-27. Retrieved 2018-11-30.
15. ^ Solar power to rise from Chernobyl's nuclear ashes Guardian 12 January 2017
16. ^ "Протягом перших трьох кварталів 2018 року в Україні додатково введено 430 МВт". uprom.info. National Industrial Portal. 2018-11-29. Retrieved 2018-11-30.
17. ^ "В Україні зросла частка відновлюваної енергетики". rener.com.ua. Rener. 2018-10-03. Retrieved 2018-12-03.
18. ^ "У 2018 році введено майже у 3 рази більше нових потужностей відновлюваної електроенергетики, ніж у 2017 році, - Сергій Савчук". www.kmu.gov.ua. Урядовий портал. 2019-01-03. Retrieved 2019-03-28.
19. ^ "За I квартал ц.р. встановлено понад 860 МВт нових потужностей відновлюваної електроенергетики, що більше, ніж за весь 2018 рік!". saee.gov.ua. Держенергоефективності. 2019-04-01. Retrieved 2019-04-04.
20. ^ "За перші 3 місяці 2019 року в Україні збудували більше «зелених» електростанцій, ніж за весь минулий рік". hromadske.ua. Громадське телебачення. 2019-04-04. Retrieved 2019-04-04.
21. ^ "Кількість "зелених" електростанцій, які запустили в Україні, зросла у 6 разів". hromadske.ua. Громадське телебачення. 2019-06-27. Retrieved 2019-06-27.
22. ^ "Україна збільшила кількість потужностей альтернативної енергії у 6 разів". www.epravda.com.ua. Економічна правда. 2019-06-27. Retrieved 2019-06-27.
23. ^ "За 4 роки домогосподарства інвестували 240 млн євро у сонячну енергетику". uprom.info. National Industrial Portal. 2019-07-30. Retrieved 2019-07-30.
24. ^ Частка ВДЕ в виробництві електричної енергії (ІІІ квартал 2019)
25. ^ "Близько 15 тис. домогосподарств в Україні вже використовують "чисту" електроенергію, інвестувавши 300 млн євро в сонячні панелі". saee.gov.ua. Держенергоефективності. 2019-10-29. Retrieved 2019-10-29.
26. ^ Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche, Ukraine's future role as European energy supplier | DW | 24.05.2022, retrieved 2022-06-07
27. ^ "Ukraine can attract 35-40 billion euros of private capital for development "green" of Energy until 2030 - DTEK - Canada News from unian.ua". CANADA TOPNews.MEDIA. 2022-05-28. Retrieved 2022-06-07.
28. ^ "The Russians destroyed a solar power plant near Kharkiv. Photos and videos", Ecopolitic, 30 May 2022
29. ^ "The Russians stole the largest solar power plant in Ukraine - the media", Ecopolitic, 22 June 2022
30. ^ "Ukraine". University of Technology Sydney. 2024-03-28. Retrieved 2024-05-09.
31. ^ "Ukrainian wind farms in areas hit by Russian invasion, industry warns". www.windpowermonthly.com. Retrieved 2022-05-06.
32. ^ "Ukraine lost 90% of wind power and 50% of solar power due to Russian attacks | REVE News of the wind sector in Spain and in the world".
33. ^ a b "Amidst the carnage of war, Ukraine reaffirms commitment to renewables". Energy Monitor. 2022-04-14. Retrieved 2022-05-06.
34. ^ Lee (an_lee), Andrew (2022-02-10). "Russia invasion tensions flagged as $1bn Ukraine wind farm build halted". Recharge | Latest renewable energy news. Retrieved 2022-05-06.
35. ^ Sanderson, Cosmo (10 June 2024). "'Standing tall': Ukraine's wind turbines are proving a key tactical advantage, says industry chief". rechargenews.com.
36. ^ Sanderson, Cosmo (9 January 2024). "GE wind turbine 'destroyed after massive Russian drone attack'". Recharge | Latest renewable energy news.
37. ^ Sanderson, Cosmo (4 June 2024). "'Tough road': how Ukraine's only wind turbine maker moved 1,500km to escape Russian fire". rechargenews.com.
38. ^ "Global Wind Atlas: Ukraine". globalwindatlas.info.
39. ^ "Renewable Energy in Ukraine: A Solution for European Energy Security and for Shifting the EU GND Eastward". GLOBSEC - A Global Think Tank: Ideas Shaping the World.
40. ^ Global wind energy council 2011 report
41. ^ "За темпами розвитку вітрової енергетики Україна випередила решту країн СНД". uprom.info. National Industrial Portal. 2018-01-26. Retrieved 2018-01-26.
42. ^ "В Україні будують 8 вітроелектростанцій потужністю 1ГВт". uprom.info. National Industrial Portal. 2019-03-25. Retrieved 2019-03-25.
43. ^ "Ukraine - Map - Countries - Online access - The Wind Power". www.thewindpower.net.
44. ^ Proctor, Darrell (10 March 2023). "Ukraine Group Completes First Phase of Wind Farm Despite Ongoing War". POWER Magazine.
45. ^ "As Gas Prices Surge, Bioenergy Could Help Heat Ukraine. So Why Is It On The Back Burner?". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 2022-02-27.
46. ^ a b Liventseva, Hanna (June 2023). "GEOTHERMAL OVERVIEW OF UKRAINE". Retrieved 2 April 2024.
47. ^ Morozov, Yurii (April–October 2021). "Geothermal Energy Country Update Report from Ukraine, 2020" (PDF). Retrieved 27 March 2024.

## Sources

[edit]

* TRANSITION OF UKRAINE TO THE RENEWABLE ENERGY BY 2050 // Heinrich Boell Foundation Regional Office in Ukraine, 2017

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