Republic of China Military Police

Military police branch of the military of Taiwan

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Republic of China Military Police

中華民國憲兵

Emblem of the Republic of China Military Police

Founded| 1914[1]
Country|  Republic of China (Taiwan)
Branch| Military police
Size| 16,000 (2004 est.)
5,502 (2020 est.)
Part of| Republic of China Armed Forces
Garrison/HQ| Taipei, Taiwan
Anniversaries| 12 December
Engagements|

* Northern Expedition
* Xi'an Incident
* Second Sino-Japanese War
* Chinese Civil War

Commanders
Current
commander|  Lieutenant-General Mo You Ming
Insignia
Flag|
Emblem used|

Military unit

The Republic of China Military Police (ROC MP; historically as the Chinese Military Police, unofficially the Taiwanese Military Police) is a military police body under the Ministry of National Defense of Taiwan. Unlike military police in many other countries, the ROCMP is a separate branch of the ROC Armed Forces. ROCMP is responsible for protecting government leaders from assassination or capture, guarding Taiwan's strategic facilities, and counterintelligence against enemy infiltrators, spies, and saboteurs.[2]

## History

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### Warlords Era

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The Republic of China Military Police dated back to 1914. When the provisional president of Republic of China, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, took the office in Guangzhou, an internal security unit was established to enforce military discipline among the troops loyal to the Republic of China Provisional Government. This unit was later renamed Military Police and would gradually expand and become the present-day Republic of China Military Police. In 1925, under the supervision of then general Chiang Kai-shek, the military police was expanded from a single company to a full battalion, and was attached to the Northern Expedition Forces the next year. In the next ten years, the military police gradually expanded into several regiments, and was active in purging the communist elements within the Nationalist government.

### Xi'an Incident

[edit]

Main article: Xi'an Incident

On 12 December 1936, while accompanying Chiang Kai-shek on an inspection trip to Xi'an, members of Military Police clashed with Zhang Xueliang's elite bodyguards when the latter were sent to arrest the generalissimo. The military police were caught off guard and outnumbered, and were soon overpowered by Zhang's force, who later arrested Chiang and his entourage in what is later known as the Xi'an Incident. More than one hundred military police became casualties in the brief battle. However, to commemorate the heroic actions of the Military Police, Chiang ordered December 12 to be the Military Police Day. This holiday is no longer observed by the Republic of China government.

### World War Two and Civil War

[edit]

Military Police during the January 28 Incident

During the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Military Police troopers sometimes found themselves clashing with the Japanese despite the fact that they were neither properly trained nor equipped for such combat tasks. In the January 28 Incident, Shanghai and Battle of Nanjing in 1932 and 1937, the Military Police put up fierce resistance against the Japanese forces, and suffered heavy casualties. The Military Police were also instrumental in operations behind Japanese line, and in time continued to expand under the direction of Nationalist Military. Military Police were also active in keeping the influences of the communists at bay, and were successful at quelling an attempted insurrection by the communists in 1941. The last task of the Military Police in the war was to provide escort to the Japanese delegates to arrange the surrender.

Full scale civil war broke out in 1946 between the Nationalists and the Communists; however, the Military Police were not as active in combat as they once were in the war against Japan. The Military Police were tasked to protect important governmental facilities from sabotages as well as political figures from assassinations. Furthermore, several Military Police regiments were involved in suppressing civil unrests in the newly acquired territories of Taiwan. The Military Police headquarters were moved to Taipei in 1950 following the defeat on the mainland and evacuation to Taiwan.

### Taiwan

[edit]

Headquarters of the ROC Military Police in Taipei MPs participating in the 2014 Chun-an Program (春安工作), a task for New Year security maintenance

After retreating to Taiwan in 1949, ROCMP units were put in charge of 2 main missions besides the typical law enforcement over other military personnel
co-locate with major ROC military units in order to closely monitor those units and to sound off alarm of military mutiny if necessary, and to protect the central government by having sentry outposts in all bridges and roads leading into Taipei with orders of blowing bridges and roads if necessary.

In 1970, under the advice from the US Military Mission to the ROC, the ROC Armed Forces reorganized all their regiments into brigades. On 16 March 1970, the Military Police Command formed up four regional commands from the original military police regiments: 201st regional command from the 101st Military Police regiment for presidential guards, 202nd from the 201st MP regiment for capital garrison, 203rd from the 202nd MP regiment in Miaoli, and 204th from the 203rd MP regiment in Tainan City. The ROCMP sentry outposts outside of Taipei was stopped after the 1990s.

In January 2006, all ten security battalions under the Republic of China Air Force were transferred to the Military Police Command.

## Functions

[edit]

The insignia of ROCMP An MP on guard duty near the Cihu Presidential Burial Place, where Chiang Kai-shek is entombed MPs on disaster response duty

From the 2006 National Defense Report, Republic of China Military Police performs

1. Military functions:
1. special security duties, including presidential protection,
2. counter-terrorism operations,
3. garrison security,
4. enforce military discipline,
5. support military operations,
2. Supportive functions in civilian affairs:
1. execute military justice and law enforcement missions,
2. maintain public security,
3. adequately support regional disaster prevention,
4. response, and ensure social stability and national security.

### Military

[edit]

ROCMP is responsible for enforcing military law, maintaining military discipline, providing manpower support for the civilian police force, performing combat duty in times of emergency, providing security for certain governmental facilities such as including the Presidential Office Building, and performing counter-terrorism and VIP protection operations. It is also responsible for the defense of Taipei, the capital city and political and financial center of the Republic of China.

### Intelligence

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Due to traditional and historical reasons, Republic of China Military Police still carry out intelligence missions in six categories of security investigations to fulfill its tasked functions:

* Special services for presidential security and protection
* Politics
* Military
* Criminal cases
* Foreign affairs
* Social order

These security investigations are mainly run by every regional investigation group, the mobile investigation group, and their superior unit, the Intelligence Division of the Military Police Command. The main goal of these six security investigations is centered at the first one: special services for presidential security and protection. More practically, it is to satisfy the request from the Commander in Chief, the ROC President.

While performing its intelligence missions, Republic of China Military Police is submitted to the supervisory and coordination from National Security Bureau of National Security Council.

### Law enforcement

[edit]

The main staircase in the Presidential Office Building being guarded by Republic of China Military Policeman ROC Military Police Special Forces disembarking from a UH-1H helicopter from the ROC Army 602nd Air Cavalry Brigade during a counter-terrorism exercise.

In accordance with; Clause 2, Section 1 of Article 229; Clause 2, Section 1 of Article 230; and Clause 2, Section 1 of Article 231 of The Criminal Procedure Code of the ROC, the commissioned and non-commissioned officers, and the enlisted persons of the MP Corps have the authority to assist public prosecutors or to be commanded by prosecutors to investigate crime activities. In the other words, performing the authority of Judicial Police are given by The Criminal Procedure Code of the ROC to the Security MP troops in the regional Military Police units, and it is the same in nature as the police performing the actual criminal investigations. Before the establishment and expansion of the mobile forces of special police corps in the ROC, Military Police troops were the main force to secure and prevent high-profile criminal activities, heavy violence, and frequent society disorders or riots. At present, Military Police troops are still aggressively working with and commanded by the district public procurator systems to investigate criminal cases. The Security MP troops are still one of the important forces that uphold the law and order of society in the Republic of China.

Because of the frequent military personnel rotations and the conscription system in the ROC, people within the regional Military Police units develop relatively fewer ties with local residents, in comparison with the local police departments. Also, the local police departments must answer to the corresponding local elected officials administratively but the regional Military Police units do not. In the cases of prostitution and human slavery, this makes the ROC Military Police the preferred law enforcement unit for the public prosecutors of all levels in the ROC, because of minimal information leakage or less interference from domestic politicians.

In cases of fugitive recovery, some public prosecutors mobilize the military police to handle large-scale searches or arrests because military police can provide massive manpower with good discipline and fewer gang-related interpersonal relationships.

## Organization

[edit]

### Republic of China Military Police Command

[edit]

Republic of China Military Police Command (中華民國國防部憲兵指揮部) is responsible for all Military Police units and operations. It is subordinate to the Armed Force General Staff, the Minister of National Defense, and the Republic of China President. It includes internal units that are responsible for political warfare, units inspection, personnel, intelligence, operation, logistics, and communication. It is also responsible for the following units and divisions:

* Military Police School (zh-tw:憲兵學校)
* Military Police Regional Commands (x4) (指揮部)
* Military Police Armor Battalion (裝甲憲兵營)[3]
* Artillery Battalion (砲兵營)
* Military Police Battalions (x19) (憲兵營)
* Military Police Security Squadron of Air Force (x10) (空軍警衛憲兵中隊): Specially tasked to guard military air bases or field.
* Naval Military Police Security Battalions (x2) (海軍警衛憲兵營):Specially tasked to guard naval bases.
* Regional Military Police Offices (x22) (憲兵隊): It is a battalion-size unit stationed in the urban area.
* Regional Military Police Investigation Groups (憲兵調查組): Administratively, it belongs to its corresponding regional office; operationally, it is controlled by the intelligence division (G2) of the Military Police Command.[4]
* Forensic Science Center (zh-tw:刑事鑑識中心)
* Chemical Forensic Division (化學鑑識組)
* Physical Forensic Division (物理鑑識組)
* Crime Scene Investigation Division (現場勘查組)
* Military Police Special Services Company, MPSSC (zh-tw:憲兵特勤隊): Code-named Night Hawk.[5] This unit is stationed at Wugu, Taipei. Little is known about this unit, since information about it is classified by the Ministry of National Defense.[6] It was formed in 1978.
* Xindian Military Prison, New Taipei City (臺北新店軍事監獄)
* Lioujia Military Prison, Tainan City (臺南六甲軍事監獄)

## Ranks

[edit]

Officers
Rank group  | General / flag officers  | Senior officers  | Junior officers  | Officer cadet

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Republic of China Military Police[7]

* v
* t
* e

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Tiong-chiòng | 少將
Siáu-chiòng | 上校
Siōng-hāu | 中校
Tiong-hāu | 少校
Siáu-hāu | 上尉
Siōng-ùi | 中尉
Tiong-ùi | 少尉
Siáu-ùi | 軍校生
Jūnxiào shēng

Enlisted
Rank group  | Senior NCOs  | Junior NCOs  | Enlisted

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Republic of China Military Police[7]

* v
* t
* e

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
一等士官長
Yīděng shìguānzhǎng | 二等士官長
Èrděng shìguānzhǎng | 三等士官長
Sānděng shìguānzhǎng | 上士
Shàngshì | 中士
Zhōngshì | 下士
Xiàshì | 上等兵
Shàngděngbīng | 一等兵
Yīděngbīng | 二等兵
Èrděngbīng

## Banners

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* Gendarmerie regiment-level unit flag (1934～1935)

* Gendarmerie regiment-level unit flag (1935～1953)

* Gendarmerie regiment-level unit flag (1953～1961)

* Military police unit flag (1961～1964)

* Military police unit flag (1964～1986)

* Military police unit flag (1986～current)

## Equipment

[edit]

### Vehicles

[edit]

Model  | Origin

|

AM General Humvee | United States
CM-32/CM-33 Armoured Vehicle | Republic of China
CM-34 Armoured Vehicle | Republic of China
Harley-Davidson 883 Sportster | United States
V-150 APC | United States
Toyota Hilux | Japan
Volkswagen Transporter | Germany
Volkswagen Crafter | Germany

### Small arms

[edit]

Model  | Origin

|

AT4 | Sweden
M2 QCB .50 heavy machine gun | United States
M24 Sniper Weapon System | United States
Mk 153 SMAW | United States
Mk 19 grenade launcher | United States
T74 machine gun | Republic of China
T75 Light machine gun | Republic of China
T75 pistols | Republic of China
T-77 Submachine gun | Republic of China
T-85 grenade launcher | Republic of China
T91 assault rifle | Republic of China
T93 | Republic of China
M14 Made under license as the Type 57[8] | Republic of China

### Fire support

[edit]

Model  | Origin

|

M120 120 mm mortar | United States
T-75 60mm mortar | Republic of China
Kestrel (rocket launcher) | Republic of China[9]

### Gallery

[edit]

* Assault Ladder Truck

* Harley-Davidson 883 Sportsters

* Command Communication Trunk Trucks

* ROCMP custom Lincoln Town Car drop top

* ROCMP Ford Excursion limited Armored Car

* ROC Military Police V-150s Commando Armored Cars

* ROC Military Police Military Light Tactical Vehicles and V-150s Commando

* Yunpao APC in Military Police School

* Volkswagen Passat (B5) patrol car

* T93 sniper rifle

* T91-3 assault rifle

* T75K1 pistol

* Kestrel rocket launcher

## See also

[edit]

* People's Armed Police
* Military Police Corps (United States)

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Military Police Command >>History". February 20, 2011. Archived from the original on February 20, 2011.
2. ^ "Bolstering Taiwan's Last Line of Defense". thediplomat.com.
3. ^ Su-wei, Wu; Tzu-hsuan, Liu (January 23, 2023). "President thanks military police for their service". taipeitimes.com. Taipei Times. Retrieved January 24, 2023.
4. ^ 許紹軒 (February 25, 2005). 憲調組 四月起併入憲兵隊 (in Chinese). The Liberty Times. p. 11. Retrieved July 18, 2007.
5. ^ 陳宗逸 (July 3, 2008). 模擬機場攻臺 中國準備好了？ (in Chinese). New Taiwan News Weekly. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. Retrieved July 3, 2008.
6. ^ "中華民國～憲兵特勤隊". October 27, 2009. Archived from the original on October 27, 2009.
7. ^ a b "Lùhǎikōng jūnfú zhì tiáolì fù tú" 陸海空軍服制條例附圖 [Drawings of the Uniform Regulations of the Army, Navy and Air Force] (PDF). Gazette of the Presidential Palace (6769): 65–67. November 7, 1996. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 6, 2017. Retrieved August 15, 2022.
8. ^ Emerson, Lee (June 3, 2007). "M14 Rifle History and Development". Military Surplus Collectors. Retrieved December 14, 2019.
9. ^ Chen, Frank. "Taiwan to Buy More Locally Produced Weapons". cms.ati.ms. ATI. Retrieved July 1, 2019.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Military Police of the Republic of China.

* ROC Military Police Command

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* t
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Republic of China (Taiwan) Armed Forces

Branches|

* Army
* Navy
* Marine Corps
* Naval Aviation
* Air Force
* Military Police

Organizations|

* Army Academy
* Air Force Academy
* Department of Conscription Administration
* National Security Bureau
* Military Academy
* Ministry of National Defense
* Armaments Bureau
* All-Out Defense Mobilization Agency
* Republic of China Armed Forces Reserve
* National Defense University
* Fu Hsing Kang College
* National Defense Medical Center
* Naval Academy

Units|

| Historical|

* Chinese-American Composite Wing (Provisional)
* Flying Tigers
* Soviet Volunteer Group
* Technical Air Intelligence Unit

|

Current|

* 12th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron
* 101st Amphibious Reconnaissance Battalion
* 21st Fighter Squadron
* ARPU
* ASSC
* Black Bat Squadron
* Black Cat Squadron
* MPSSC
* Thunder Tiger Aerobatics Team

Equipment|

* Sky Horse
* Sky Spear
* Sky Bow I / II / III
* Sky Sword I
* Sky Sword II
* Wan Chien
* Hsiung Feng I / II / IIE / III
* Yun Feng
* IDF Ching-kuo
* CM-32
* Type 64 tank
* T65 assault rifle
* T74 machine gun
* T75 light machine gun
* T75 pistol
* T77 submachine gun
* T86 assault rifle
* T91 assault rifle
* T112 assault rifle
* T93 sniper rifle
* XT-97 assault rifle
* Kestrel
* XTR-101/102
* CS/MPQ-90 Bee Eye
* Chien Hsiang
* Cardinal
* Albatross

Issues|

* Conscription
* Taiwan Strait crises
* 1955
* 1958
* 1996)
* 2022 Chinese military exercises around Taiwan
* 2023 Chinese military exercises around Taiwan

Other topics|

* Civil defense
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* Veterans Affairs Council

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