Republic of Hawaii

Transitional republic in Hawaii before US annexation, 1894–1898

Republic of Hawaii

Lepupalika o Hawaiʻi

1894–1898

Flag

Seal

Motto:

* Ua Mau ke Ea o ka ʻĀina i ka Pono
* "The life of the land is perpetuated in righteousness"

Anthem: "Hawaiʻi Ponoʻī"
"Hawaiʼi's Own True Sons"
Capital| Honolulu
Common languages| English, Hawaiian
Government| Unitary one-party presidential republic

• President

| Sanford B. Dole

• Vice President

| William Chauncey Wilder
History|

• Established

| July 4, 1894

• Attempt to restore the monarchy

| January 6, 1895

• Restoration attempt ends

| January 9, 1895

• Annexed by the U.S.

| August 12, 1898
Currency| Hawaiian dollar,
U.S. dollar

Preceded by | Succeeded by

|

|  | Provisional Government of Hawaii

|

| Territory of Hawaii |

|

Today part of| United States
Part of a series on the

Hawaiian sovereignty
movement

The inverted Hawaiian flag represents the Hawaiian Kingdom in distress and is the main symbol of the Hawaiian sovereignty movement.

Main issues

* Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom
* Opposition to the overthrow
* Legal status of Hawaiʻi
* US federal recognition of Native Hawaiians

Governments

* Chiefdom
* Kingdom
* Provisional Government
* Government in Exile
* Republic
* Territory
* State

Historical conflicts

* Hawaiian rebellions (1887–1895)
* Wilcox rebellion of 1889
* Leper War on Kauaʻi
* Black Week
* 1895 Wilcox rebellion

Modern events

* Hawaiian Renaissance
* 2008 occupation of ʻIolani Palace
* 125th anniversary of the overthrow

Parties and organizations

* Aloha ʻĀina Party
* Home Rule Party of Hawaiʻi
* Office of Hawaiian Affairs

Documents and ideas

* Sovereignty Restoration Day
* Blount Report
* Morgan Report
* Bayonet Constitution
* Proposed 1893 Constitution
* Kūʻē Petitions
* Newlands Resolution
* Hawaiian Organic Act
* Apology Resolution
* Akaka Bill

Books

* Hawaiʻi's Story by Hawaiʻi's Queen
* Kaua Kuloko 1895[1]

* v
* t
* e

Part of a series on the

History of Hawaii

Early history (pre-1795)

|  Discovery and settlement|  c. 1219–1266

|

Battle of Kealakekua Bay|  1779

Hawaiian Kingdom (1795–1893)

|  Kamehameha dynasty|  1795–1874

|

Unification of Hawaii|  1810
Laplace affair|  1839
Paulet affair|  1943
Great Māhele|  1848
French invasion of Honolulu|  1849
American Civil War|  1861–1865
Kalākaua dynasty|  1874–1893
Honolulu Courthouse riot|  1874
Reciprocity Treaty|  1875
Bayonet Constitution|  1887
Hawaiian rebellions (1887–1895)|  1887–1895
Overthrow|  1893

Provisional (1893–1894)

|  Leper War on Kauaʻi|  1893

|

Black Week|  1893–1894

Republic of Hawaii (1894–1898)

|  Counter-Revolution| 1895

|

Annexation|  1898

Territory of Hawaii (1898–1959)

|  Hawaiian Organic Act|  1900

|

Oahu sugar strike|  1920
Hanapēpē Massacre|  1924
Massie Trial|  1932
World War II|  1939–1945
Attack on Pearl Harbor|  1941
Niihau incident|  1941
Martial law|  1941-1944
Honouliuli Internment Camp|  1943–1946
Democratic Revolution|  1954

State of Hawaii (1959–present)

|  Hawaii Admission Act|  1959

|

Kalama Valley protests|  1971
State Constitutional Convention|  1978
Xerox murders|  1999
Occupation of Iolani Palace|  2008
Hawaii v. Office of Hawaiian Affairs|  2009
Honolulu molasses spill|  2013
TMT protests|  2014–now
False missile alert|  2018
Hurricane Lane|  2018
COVID-19 pandemic|  2020–present
George Floyd protests|  2020
Red Hill water crisis|  2021–now
Hawaii wildfires|  2023

Topics

* Big Five
* Legal status
* Demographic history
* LGBT history
* NRHP listings
* Sovereignty movement
* Sugar plantations
* Timeline of Honolulu
* Hawaiian Renaissance

* Portal
* Commons

* v
* t
* e

The Republic of Hawaii (Hawaiian: Lepupalika o Hawaiʻi, pronounced [lepupəˈlikə o həˈvɐjʔi]) was a short-lived one-party state in Hawaiʻi between July 4, 1894, when the Provisional Government of Hawaii had ended, and August 12, 1898, when it became annexed by the United States as an unincorporated and unorganized territory. In 1893, the Committee of Public Safety overthrew Queen Liliʻuokalani, the monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi, after she rejected the 1887 Bayonet Constitution. The Committee of Public Safety intended for Hawaii to be annexed by the United States; however, President Grover Cleveland, a Democrat opposed to imperialism, refused. A new constitution was subsequently written while Hawaii was being prepared for annexation.

The leaders of the Republic, such as Sanford B. Dole and Lorrin A. Thurston, were Hawaii-born descendants of American settlers who spoke the Hawaiian language but had strong financial, political, and family ties to the United States. They intended the Republic to become a territory of the United States. Dole was a former member of the Royal Legislature from Koloa, Kauai, and Justice of the Kingdom's Supreme Court, and he appointed Thurston—who had served as Minister of the Interior under King Kalākaua—to lead a lobbying effort in Washington, D.C., to secure Hawaii's annexation by the United States. The issue of overseas imperialism was controversial in the United States due to its colonial origins. Hawaii was annexed under Republican President William McKinley on 12 August 1898, during the Spanish–American War. The Territory of Hawaii was formally established as part of the U.S. on June 14, 1900.

The Blount Report "first provided evidence that officially identified the United States' complicity in the lawless overthrow of the lawful, peaceful government of Hawaii."[2] American officials immediately recognized the new government and troops from the U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) were sent by the U.S. Minister to aid in the overthrow. The Queen's supporters claimed that the Marines presence frightened the Queen and thus enabled the revolution.[3] Blount concluded that the United States had carried out unauthorized partisan activities, including the landing of U.S. Marines under a false or exaggerated pretext, to support the anti-royalist conspirators; that these actions were instrumental to the success of the revolution; and that the revolution was carried out against the wishes of a majority of the population of Hawaii.[4]

## Establishment of the Republic

[edit]

The founding members of the Republic

In 1887, members of the Reform Party of Hawaii forced the King to accept a new constitution limiting the monarch's constitutional power as defined by the Constitution of 1864. The Constitution of 1887, also called the Bayonet Constitution for the threats used to secure the King's approval, was enacted without legislative approval, leaving the monarch as a figurehead.[5] In 1893, a coup d'état against the monarch was carried out by more than 1,000 armed local men who were led by wealthy sugar planters and businessmen.[6] There was no bloodshed as the royal armed forces did not resist. A temporary Provisional Government of Hawaii was formed by the Committee of Safety. The leaders of the coup, who had strong economic ties with the United States, wanted Hawaii to join the United States, lest the Empire of Japan take control.[7] Annexation was delayed by two petitions with over 20,000 signatures representing over half of the Native Hawaiian population. Because U.S. President Cleveland opposed annexation,[8] the Queen herself took up residence in Washington to lobby for her restoration.

President Cleveland sent an investigator who wrote the Blount Report, which concluded that Minister Stevens had manipulated and orchestrated the revolt. Cleveland decided that the United States should restore the Queen; he asked for Dole's resignation; however, Dole ignored the request. The U.S. Senate held hearings regarding another report called the Morgan Report, which undermined the Blount Report's claims. Public opinion in the United States favored annexation. In May 1894 the U.S. Senate unanimously passed a resolution opposing restoration of the Queen, opposing intrusion into the affairs of the Dole government, and opposing American action that could lead immediately to annexation. President Cleveland thereupon dropped the issue, leaving the Republic of Hawaii to effectively fend for itself.[9]

The Provisional Government convened a constitutional convention, limited to Hawaiians, and taxpayers of American or European origins, not including Asians.[10]

## Politics

[edit]

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Republic of Hawaii" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

The President of Hawaii was the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Hawaii. The constitution provided that the presidential term of office would be six years and specified that individuals could not be elected to consecutive terms in office. The President had the authority to veto legislation, which could be overridden by two-thirds majority in both houses of the legislature, and he was also commander-in-chief of the military. The President appointed, subject to the confirmation of the Senate, members of his Cabinet. Cabinet members were considered users of both houses of the Legislature, they could participate in proceedings, but could not vote as they were not elected members of the Legislature. If the presidency became vacant, the Minister of Foreign Affairs could serve as Acting President until the Legislature voted to elect a successor.

Article 23 of the constitution of 1894 specifically named Sanford B. Dole as the republic's first President. He would also be the nation's only President, as it was annexed by the United States in 1898. Upon annexation, Hawaii became a U.S. territory and Dole became its first Governor.[11]

The republic's Legislature consisted of a senate and a house of representatives. Each had fifteen members with the former having six-year terms and the latter only two with the exception of the first legislature which was constitutionally granted a three-year term. Appropriation bills originated from the Minister of Finance and were delivered to the Senate. The Senate also held the right to confirm presidential appointments and ratify treaties which made it more powerful in every aspect over the lower house. It was possible for legislators to concurrently serve as president, Cabinet minister, or Supreme Court justice.

As royalists had boycotted the republic and refused to take the oath of allegiance to run for office, the American Union Party won every seat in the 1894 and 1897 elections. There was also a property requirement of $1500 net worth to vote for Senators, kept from the 1887 constitution, which ran counter to the prevailing trends of that period. The 1897 election had the lowest turnout in Hawaii's history with less than one percent of the population going to the polls. The new Republic Constitution allowed only men that were natural born citizens of the Hawaiian Kingdom, or naturalized Citizens of the Kingdom to vote in the new Republic. This eliminated most all Japanese, Chinese, Portuguese, and European immigrants from voting. As a result, Native Hawaiians had a two-thirds majority voting block and were the highest represented group in the Republic Legislature. The Speaker of the House of the Republic was also a Hawaiian, John Lot Kaulukoʻu.

## Wilcox Rebellion of 1895

[edit]

Main article: 1895 Wilcox rebellion

Troops of the Republic of Hawaii after the counter-revolution

Robert William Wilcox was a Hawaiian native revolutionary. In 1889, he led an army of 150 Hawaiians, Europeans and Chinese in rebellion against the Hawaiian Kingdom. In 1895, Wilcox participated in another attempt, this time to overthrow the Republic of Hawaii and to restore Queen Liliuokalani to power. Royalist supporters landed a cargo of arms and ammunition from San Francisco, California in a secret Honolulu location. At the location on January 6, 1895, a company of royalists met to draft plans to capture the government buildings by surprise. A premature encounter with a squad of police alarmed Honolulu and the plans were abandoned as the royalists were quickly routed. Wilcox spent several days in hiding in the mountains before being captured. The son of one annexationist was killed. Several other skirmishes occurred during the following week resulting in the capture of the leading conspirators and their followers. The government found arms and ammunition and some potentially evidential documents on the premises of Washington Place, Liliuokalani's private residence, outlining in her own handwriting who she would select for her cabinet after the counter revolution, further implicating her in the plot.

## Liliuokalani's trial

[edit]

Newspaper illustration of Queen Liliuokalani's public trial by a military tribunal in 1895 in the former throne room of the Iolani Palace

The Republic of Hawaii put the former Queen on trial. The prosecution asserted that Liliuokalani had committed misprision of treason, because she allegedly knew that guns and bombs for the Wilcox attempted counter-revolution had been hidden in the flower bed of her personal residence at Washington Place. Liliuokalani denied these accusations.

She was sentenced to 5 years' imprisonment at hard labor and a fine of $10,000. However, the imprisonment was served in a large bedroom with a piano, bathroom with hot and cold running water bathtub and sink at Iolani Palace where she was allowed two maids in waiting while under guard by military personnel at all times.[12] After eight months she was allowed to go to her Washington Place home and kept under house arrest by President Sanford B. Dole.[12] A year later she was granted a full pardon, including the right to travel, and President Dole gave her a passport to travel to Washington D.C. to visit her friends and in-laws. However, she used that opportunity to lobby the U.S. Senate in 1897 against annexation.

1898 Hawaiian Consulate request for travel tickets.

## End and annexation of the Republic

[edit]

An anti-annexation meeting at Hilo, 1897 Newspaper reporting the annexation of the Republic of Hawaii in 1898

Upon the inauguration of William McKinley as the 25th President of the United States on March 4, 1897, the Republic of Hawaii resumed negotiations for annexation, which continued into the summer of 1898. In April 1898, the United States went to war with Spain, and Republic of Hawaii declared its neutrality. In practice, it gave enormous support to the United States, demonstrating its value as a naval base in wartime, and winning widespread American approval for its non-neutral behavior.[13]

With the opposition weakened, Hawaii was annexed by means of the Newlands Resolution, which required only a majority vote in both houses. Most of the support came from Republicans. It passed the house by a vote of 209 to 91. It was approved on July 4, 1898, and signed on July 7 by McKinley. The transfer of sovereignty over the Hawaiian islands took place on August 12, 1898, with the lowering of the Flag of Hawaii and hoisting of the "Stars and Stripes" flag of the United States over the former royal Iolani Palace in its place. It was renamed from the Republic of Hawaii to the Territory of Hawaii, which was formally organized as an organized incorporated territory of the United States two years later.

### Popular controversy

[edit]

The issue of annexation became a major political issue heatedly debated across the United States, which carried over into the 1900 presidential election. By then the national consensus was in favor of the annexation of both Hawaii and the Philippines.[14]

Historian Henry Graff says that in the mid-1890s, "Public opinion at home seemed to indicate acquiescence.... Unmistakably, the sentiment at home was maturing with immense force for the United States to join the great powers of the world in a quest for overseas colonies."[15]

President Cleveland's biographer Alyn Brodsky argues his position was a deeply personal conviction that would not tolerate an immoral action against the little kingdom:

Just as he stood up for the Samoan Islands against Germany because he opposed the conquest of a lesser state by a greater one, so did he stand up for the Hawaiian Islands against his own nation. He could have let the annexation of Hawaii move inexorably to its inevitable culmination. But he opted for confrontation, which he hated, as it was to him the only way a weak and defenseless people might retain their independence. It was not the idea of annexation that Grover Cleveland opposed, but the idea of annexation as a pretext for illicit territorial acquisition.[16]

Cleveland had to mobilize support from Southern Democrats to fight the treaty. He sent former Georgia Congressman James H. Blount as a special representative to Hawaii to investigate and provide a solution. Blount was well known for his opposition to imperialism. Blount was also a leader in the white supremacy movement that in the 1890s was ending the right to vote by southern Blacks. Some observers speculated he would support annexation on grounds of the inability of the Asiatics to govern themselves. Instead, Blount opposed imperialism, and called for the U.S. military to restore Queen Liliuokalani. He argued that the Hawaii natives should be allowed to continue their "Asiatic ways."[17]

A vigorous nationwide anti-expansionist movement, organized as the American Anti-Imperialist League, emerged that listened to Cleveland and Carl Schurz, as well as Democratic leader William Jennings Bryan, industrialist Andrew Carnegie, author Mark Twain, and sociologist William Graham Sumner.[18] The anti-imperialists opposed expansion, believing that imperialism violated the fundamental principle that just republican government must derive from "consent of the governed." The League argued that such activity would necessitate the abandonment of American ideals of self-government and non-intervention—ideals expressed in the Declaration of Independence, George Washington's Farewell Address and Lincoln's Gettysburg Address.[19]

However, the Antis could not stop the even more energetic forces of imperialism. They were led by Secretary of State John Hay, naval strategist Alfred T. Mahan, Republican congressman Henry Cabot Lodge, Secretary of War Elihu Root, and young politician Theodore Roosevelt. These expansionists had vigorous support from newspaper publishers William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer, whipping up popular excitement. Mahan and Roosevelt took the forging a global strategy calling for a competitive modern navy, Pacific bases, an isthmian canal through Nicaragua or Panama, and, above all, an assertive role for America as the largest industrial power.[20] President McKinley's position was that Hawaii could never survive on its own. It would quickly be gobbled up by Japan—already a fourth of the islands' population was Japanese. Japan would then dominate the Pacific and undermine American hopes for large-scale trade with Asia.[21][22]

## See also

[edit]

* Territorial evolution of the United States
* American imperialism

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Spencer, Thomas P. (1895). Kaua Kuloko 1895. Honolulu: Papapai Mahu Press Publishing Company. OCLC 19662315.
2. ^ Ball, Milner S. "Symposium: Native American Law," Georgia Law Review 28 (1979): 303
3. ^ Ralph S. Kuykendall (1967). The Hawaiian Kingdom: 1874–1893, the Kalakaua dynasty. U of Hawaii Press. pp. 601–4\. ISBN 9780870224331.
4. ^ Tate, Merze. (1965). The United States and the Hawaiian Kingdom: A Political History. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. p. 235.
5. ^ Lee, Anne (2011). The Hawaii State Constitution. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-19-977905-5.
6. ^ Network, The Learning (January 17, 2012). "Jan. 17, 1893 | Hawaiian Monarchy Overthrown by America-Backed Businessmen". The Learning Network. Retrieved March 27, 2017.
7. ^ Walter LaFeber (1998). The Clash: U.S.-Japanese Relations Throughout History. W.W. Norton. pp. 55–56. ISBN 9780393039504.
8. ^ Danzer, Gerald (2009). The Americans. McDougal Littell. pp. 550–551\. ISBN 978-0-618-91629-0.
9. ^ Tennant S. McWilliams, "James H. Blount, the South, and Hawaiian Annexation," Pacific Historical Review (1988) 57#1 pp. 25-46 esp p 43
10. ^ Richard C. Pratt; Zachary Alden Smith (2000). Hawai'i Politics and Government: An American State in a Pacific World. U of Nebraska Press. p. 100\. ISBN 9780803287501.
11. ^ Sanford Ballard Dole Encyclopædia Britannica
12. ^ a b Hawaii's Story by Hawaii's Queen
13. ^ Thomas A. Bailey, "The United States and Hawaii during the Spanish–American War" American Historical Review 36#3 (1931), pp. 552-560 online
14. ^ Bailey, Thomas A. (1937). "Was the Presidential Election of 1900 a Mandate on Imperialism?". Mississippi Valley Historical Review. 24 (1): 43–52\. doi:10.2307/1891336. JSTOR 1891336.
15. ^ Henry F. Graff (2002). Grover Cleveland: The American Presidents Series: The 22nd and 24th President, 1885-1889 and 1893-1897. Macmillan. p. 121\. ISBN 9780805069235.
16. ^ Alyn Brodsky (2000). Grover Cleveland: A Study in Character. Macmillan. p. 1. ISBN 9780312268831.
17. ^ Tennant S. McWilliams, "James H. Blount, the South, and Hawaiian Annexation." Pacific Historical Review (1988) 57#1: 25-46 online.
18. ^ Fred H. Harrington, "The Anti-Imperialist Movement in the United States, 1898-1900." Mississippi Valley Historical Review 22.2 (1935): 211-230. online
19. ^ Fred Harvey Harrington, "Literary Aspects of American Anti-Imperialism 1898–1902," New England Quarterly, 10#4 (1937), pp 650-67. online.
20. ^ Warren Zimmermann, "Jingoes, Goo-Goos, and the Rise of America's Empire." The Wilson Quarterly (1976) 22#2 (1998): 42-65. Online
21. ^ Thomas J. Osborne, "The Main Reason for Hawaiian Annexation in July, 1898," Oregon Historical Quarterly (1970) 71#2 pp. 161–178 in JSTOR
22. ^ Thomas A. Bailey, "Japan's Protest Against the Annexation of Hawaii" Journal of Modern History 4#1 (1931), pp. 46-61 online

### Bibliography

[edit]

* Allen, Helena G. (1988). Sanford Ballard Dole: Hawaii's Only President, 1844-1926. Glendale, Calif: A.H. Clark Co. ISBN 978-0-87062-184-0.
* Grenville, John A. S.; Young, George Berkeley (1966). Politics, Strategy, and American Diplomacy: Studies in Foreign Policy, 1873-1917. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp 102–124 on Hawaii policy, 1893-1895
* Kuykendall, Ralph S.; Day, A. Grove Day (1961). Hawaii: A History, from Polynesian Kingdom to American State. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-384305-7. `{{cite book}}`: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
* Morgan, William M.; Morgan, William Michael (2011). Pacific Gibraltar: U.S.-Japanese Rivalry Over the Annexation of Hawai'i, 1885-1898. ADST-DACOR diplomats and diplomacy series. Annapolis, Md: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-59114-529-5. A major scholarly history; see online review by Kenneth R. Conklin, PhD
* Russ, William Adam (1992). The Hawaiian Revolution (1893-94). Selinsgrove: Susquehanna University Press. ISBN 978-0-945636-43-4.
* Russ, William Adam (1992). The Hawaiian Republic (1894-98) And Its Struggle to Win Annexation. Selinsgrove [Pa.] : London: Susquehanna University Press. ISBN 978-0-945636-44-1. A major scholarly history
* Schweizer, Niklaus R. (1994). His Hawaiian Excellency The Overthrow of the Hawaiian Monarchy and the Annexation of Hawaii (2nd ed.). Berne: Lang. ISBN 978-0-8204-2587-0.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Republic of Hawaii.

* morganreport.org Online images and transcriptions of the entire Morgan Report
* "Blount Report: Affairs in Hawaii". University of Hawaiʻi at Manoa Library. Retrieved June 17, 2010.
* "The Annexation Of Hawaii: A Collection Of Documents". Hawaiian Digital Collection. University of Hawaiʻi at Manoa Library.
* Conklin, Kenneth R. (August 2009). "Hawaii Statehood -- straightening out the history-twisters. A historical narrative defending the legitimacy of the revolution of 1893, the annexation of 1898, and the statehood vote of 1959. FULL VERSION". Hawaiian Sovereignty: Thinking Carefully About It.

See also the preceding Category:Hawaiian Kingdom and the succeeding Category:Territory of Hawaii

* v
* t
* e

Former sovereign or unrecognized states within the contemporary United States

16th and 17th centuries|

* Kingdoms and Provinces of New Spain
* New Navarre, 1565–1821
* Santa Fe de Nuevo México, 1598–1821
* Tejas, 1690–1821

18th century|

* Provincias Internas, 1776–1821
* Florida Oriental, 1783–1821
* Florida Occidental, 1783–1821
* La Luisiana, 1769–1801
* Republic of Watauga (1772–1777)
* United Colonies (1775–1776)
* United States of America (1776–1783)
* Vermont Republic (1777–1791)
* State of Franklin (1784–1788)
* Trans-Oconee Republic (1794)
* Hawaiian Kingdom (1795–1893)
* State of Muskogee (1799–1803)

Early 19th century|

* Alta California, 1804–1821
* Republic of West Florida (1810)
* Republic of East Florida (1812)
* First Republic of Texas (1812–1813)
* Republic of the Floridas (1817)
* Second Republic of Texas (1819)
* Provisional Government of Mexico (1823–1824)
* 1835–1846; Mexican Texas, 1821–1824
* Alta California, 1821–1836
* Santa Fe de Nuevo México, 1821–1846
* Sonora y Sinaloa, 1824–1830
* Coahuila y Tejas, 1824–1835
* Las Californias, 1836–1846
* Republic of Fredonia (1826–1827)
* Republic of Madawaska (1827)
* Republic of Indian Stream (1832–1835)
* Indian Territory (1834–1907)
* Republic of Texas (1836–1846)
* Republic of the Rio Grande (1840)
* Provisional Government of Oregon (1841–1848)
* California Republic (1846)
* State of Deseret (1849–1850)

Late 19th century|

* The Great Republic of Rough and Ready (1850)
* The Kingdom of Beaver Island (1850–1856)
* Confederate States of America
* 1861–1865; Alabama
* Arizona
* Arkansas
* Florida
* Georgia
* Kentucky
* Louisiana
* Mississippi
* Missouri
* North Carolina
* South Carolina
* Tennessee
* Texas
* Virginia
* West Virginia
* Free State of Jones (1863–1865)
* Provisional Government of Hawaii (1893–1894)
* Republic of Hawaii (1894–1898)

20th century|

* Conch Republic (1982)

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Territories of the United States

* Organic act
* Organized incorporated territories
* Territorial evolution
* Thirteen Colonies
* U.S. territorial sovereignty

* Northwest (1787–1803)
* Southwest (1790–1796)
* Mississippi (1798–1817)
* Indiana (1800–1816)
* Orleans (1804–1812)
* Louisiana/Missouri (1805–1821)
* Michigan (1805–1837)
* Illinois (1809–1818)
* Alabama (1817–1819)
* Arkansas (1819–1836)
* Florida (1822–1845)
* Oklahoma
* Indian Territory 1834–1907
* Panhandle 1850–1890
* Territory 1890–1907
* Wisconsin (1836–1848)
* Iowa (1838–1846)
* Oregon (1848–1859)
* Minnesota (1849–1858)
* New Mexico
* Provisional 1846–1850
* Territory 1850–1912
* Utah (1850–1896)
* Washington (1853–1889)
* Kansas (1854–1861)
* Nebraska (1854–1867)
* Nevada (1861–1864)
* Colorado (1861–1876)
* Dakota (1861–1889)
* Idaho (1863–1890)
* Arizona (1863–1912)
* Montana (1864–1889)
* Alaska
* Department 1867–1884
* District 1884–1912
* Territory 1912–1959
* Wyoming (1868–1890)
* Hawaii (1900–1959)

* Unincorporated territories

* Republic of Hawaii (1898–1900)
* Guam
* Naval Government 1899–1950
* Philippines
* Military Government 1899–1902
* Insular Government 1902–1935
* Commonwealth 1935–1946
* Puerto Rico
* Military Government 1899–1900
* Insular Government 1900–1952
* American Samoa (1900–present)
* United States Virgin Islands (1917–present)
* Northern Mariana Islands (1986–present)

* United Nations trust territories and other inhabited territories governed by the United States

* Panama Canal (Zone) (1903–1999)
* Corn Islands (1914–1971)
* Canton and Enderbury Islands (1939–1979)
* Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (1947–1994)
* Nanpō Islands and Marcus Island (1952–1968)
* Ryukyu Islands and Daitō Islands (1952–1972)

* Guano Islands Act claims and other uninhabited islands

* Phoenix Islands (1856–1979)
* Roncador Bank (1856–1981)
* Serrana Bank (1856–1981)
* Baker Island (1857–present)
* Jarvis Island (1858–present)
* Johnston Atoll (1858–present)
* Navassa Island (1858–present)
* Kingman Reef (1860–present)
* Swan Islands (1863–1972)
* Howland Island (1867–present)
* Midway Atoll (1867–present)
* Quita Sueño Bank (1869–1981)
* Palmyra Atoll (1898–present)
* Wake Island (1899–present)

* Category

* v
* t
* e

State of Hawaii

Honolulu (capital)

Topics|

* Outline
* Constitution
* Delegations
* Earthquakes
* Geography
* Seamount
* Government
* Hawaiianization
* History
* Hurricanes
* Islands
* Kūʻē Petitions
* Music
* Native Hawaiians
* ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi (Hawaiian Language)
* Parks
* Pearl Harbor National Memorial
* USS Arizona
* People
* State symbols
* Tourism
* Transportation
* Unification

Society|

* Hawaiian architecture
* Abortion
* Climate change
* Crime
* Cuisine
* Culture
* Demographics
* Economy
* Education
* Colleges and universities
* Energy
* Gun laws
* Homelessness
* LGBT rights
* Folklore
* Media
* Politics
* Sports

Main islands|

* Hawaiʻi
* Kahoʻolawe
* Kauaʻi
* Lānaʻi
* Maui
* Molokaʻi
* Niʻihau
* Oʻahu

Northwestern
Islands|

* French Frigate Shoals
* Gardner
* Kure
* Laysan
* Lisianski
* Maro Reef
* Necker
* Nīhoa
* Pearl and Hermes

Notable communities|

* Hilo
* Honolulu
* Kahului
* Kailua-Kona
* Kāneʻohe
* Kapolei
* Kihei
* Līhuʻe
* Pearl City
* Waipahu

Counties|

* Hawaiʻi
* Honolulu
* Kalawao
* Kauaʻi
* Maui

Pre-statehood history|

* Bayonet Constitution
* Hawaiian Kingdom
* Hawaii Admission Act
* Hawaiian Renaissance
* Hawaiian sovereignty movement
* Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom
* Territory of Hawaii

Hawaii portal

21°18′41″N 157°47′47″W﻿ / ﻿21.3113888889°N 157.796388889°W﻿ / 21.3113888889; -157.796388889
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template
*[c.]: circa