Republican Proposal

Political party in Argentina

Republican Proposal

Propuesta Republicana

Abbreviation| PRO
President| Mauricio Macri
Secretary General| Eduardo Macchiavelli
Chamber Leader| Cristian Ritondo
Senate Leader| Humberto Schiavoni
Founded| 23 October 2005 (2005-10-23) (alliance)
3 June 2010 (2010-06-03) (party)
Merger of| Commitment to Change and Recreate for Growth
Headquarters| Balcarce 412, Buenos Aires
Think tank| Pensar Foundation[1]
Student wing| PRO Universities[2]
Youth wing| PRO Youth[3]
Membership (2017)|  115,481 (2016)[4][5]
Ideology| Conservative liberalism[6]
Liberal conservatism[7]
Political position| Centre-right to right-wing
National affiliation| Juntos por el Cambio[8]
International affiliation| International Democracy Union[9]
Regional affiliation| Union of Latin American Parties[10]
Internal currents| Republican Union
PRO Liberty
Republican Opening
Colors|   Yellow
Seats in the Chamber|

38 / 257

Seats in the Senate|

6 / 72

Province Governors|

3 / 24

Website
www.pro.com.ar

* Politics of Argentina
* Political parties
* Elections

Republican Proposal (Spanish: Propuesta Republicana), usually referred to by its abbreviation PRO, is a political party in Argentina. PRO was formed as an electoral alliance in 2005, but was transformed into a national party in 2010. It is the major component of the Juntos por el Cambio coalition, and its leader is former Argentine president Mauricio Macri, who is the party's president since May 2024.[11]

PRO has governed the city of Buenos Aires since 2007 and formed Cambiemos with the Radical Civic Union and the Civic Coalition ARI with which they won the 2015 general election.[12]

Macri re-opened Argentina to international markets by lifting currency controls, restructuring sovereign debt, and pressing free-market solutions.[13][14]

## History

[edit]

### Opposition

[edit]

PRO began as an alliance between Commitment to Change (CPC) of Mauricio Macri, and Recreate for Growth (Recrear) of Ricardo López Murphy created in 2005.[15]

At the 2005 legislative elections, the alliance won nine of the 127 deputies up for election.

Other provincial centre-right parties united within PRO. Macri and López Murphy spoke with Governor Jorge Sobisch, leader of the Neuquino People's Movement, but did not reach an alliance.

In the 2007 Argentine general election, PRO did not officially back a candidate but gave tacit support to the bid of López Murphy, who stood as the Recrear candidate. López Murphy did poorly, gaining just 1.45% of the vote. PRO and its allies stood in the congressional elections and won two swats in the Chamber of Deputies, and six seats overall.

In the June 2007 elections in the City of Buenos Aires, PRO decisively won the election, with Macri becoming Head of Government and the alliance taking 15 of the 30 seats in the city legislature. In addition to CpC and Recrear, the alliance included the Democratic Progressive Party, the Democratic Party, the Federal Party, the Movement for Integration and Development, the Popular Union and other neighborhood parties. Mauricio Macri formed an electoral alliance called Union-PRO with Francisco de Narváez, who was the candidate for Governor of Buenos Aires. He obtained third place with 15% of the vote.

For the 2009 legislative elections, De Narváez and Felipe Solá were the main candidates for national deputies for the Buenos Aires Province and defeated Nestor Kirchner.

In August 2009, Recreate for Growth gave up its formal independence and was completely absorbed by Republican Proposal. The political space Values for my Country became a monobloc in congress, detaching itself from the Republican Proposal

On 3 June 2010, the alliance became recognized as a national political party.[16]

In the legislative elections of 28 June 2009, the PRO was presented with its own list with Gabriela Michetti in the City of Buenos Aires and in alliance with the Federal Peronism in the province of Buenos Aires. Unión PRO won 19.21% of the votes and third place nationally.[17]

Macri was re-elected Mayor of Buenos Aires together with María Eugenia Vidal as Vice-Chief of the city.

In July 2011, PRO, in alliance with the Democratic Party and the Democratic Progressive Party, obtained a 46.1% vote in the City of Buenos Aires. In the second round on 31 July, he reached the victory and re-election of Macri as Chief of Government with 64.3% of the votes.[18] That same year, Jorge Macri was elected first mayor of the conurbano through PRO in the October elections with 38.4% in Vicente López.[19] In Santa Fe Province, Unión PRO Federal, headed by Miguel del Sel obtained 35.2% of the votes, but Bonfatti obtained the governorship with 38.7%.[20]

For the 2013 legislative elections, PRO achieved an alliance with Union for All (later called Union for Freedom), a new classical liberal party led by Patricia Bullrich.[21] It obtained legislative seats in the Córdoba Province, Entre Rios Province, La Pampa Province, Salta Province, San Juan Province, Santa Fe Province and in the City of Buenos Aires. PRO obtained 3 senators and 18 deputies.

### Coalition

[edit]

In June 2015, the Republican Proposal (PRO), Radical Civic Union and the ARI Civic Coalition formed Cambiemos, a big tent political coalition that proposes a change before the twelve years of government centre-left kirchnerists. Subsequently, joined the FE Party, Union for Freedom, the Popular Conservative Party and the Democratic Progressive Party.

These three parties nominated Mauricio Macri, Ernesto Sanz and Elisa Carrió as their representatives in the August 2015 primary elections, which were held to choose which candidate would run for the 2015 presidential election on 25 October. On 9 August 2015, Mauricio Macri was elected with 80.75% of the votes as the candidate who would represent Cambiemos in the presidential election.

On 25 October, he won second place with 34.15% and managed to enter the ballotage. On 22 November, he was elected President of Argentina with 51.34% of the votes after winning in the second round the Kirchnerist Daniel Scioli

President Macri and Vicepresident Gabriela Michetti, in their Inauguration Ceremony in Argentine Parliament, on 10 December 2015

Horacio Rodríguez Larreta was elected Chief of Government of the City of Buenos Aires under another district coalition: Unión-PRO. María Eugenia Vidal (PRO) defeated Aníbal Fernández and became Governor of the Buenos Aires Province, putting an end to 28 years of Peronist control.

Republican Proposal joined the International Democracy Union on 17 January 2017.[22][23]

In the legislative elections of 2017, Esteban Bullrich, member of Republican Proposal, obtained the first place and Cambiemos defeated the Citizen's Unity of the former Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner.[24][25]

In March 2018, Union for Freedom, member of the Liberal International, agreed to its dissolution and integration into the PRO. This merger was approved by the PRO National Council and Patricia Bullrich joined the party.

In June 2019, an extension of the Cambiemos alliance was made: it is renamed Juntos por el Cambio, by adding to Federal Peronism led by Miguel Ángel Pichetto, who would share the presidential formula of space together with Mauricio Macri. In the 2019 presidential elections, JxC was in second place, with 40% of the votes, behind Fernández, who won first round with 48% of the votes.

In the province of Buenos Aires, Governor María Eugenia Vidal sought re-election but was defeated by the candidate of the Frente de Todos, Axel Kicillof, who won 52% of the votes against 38% obtained by JxC.[26] In the city of Buenos Aires, Mayor Horacio Rodríguez Larreta joins the Radical Civic Union and the Socialist Party to the district alliance and is reelected as Chief of Government with 56% of the votes in the first round.[27]

### 2023 elections

[edit]

Initially, Javier Milei invited Patricia Bullrich to run in an internal election in a brand new party that would define the candidate.[28][29] Finally, the alliance did not materialize; and the PRO (within Juntos por el Cambio) presented two candidates for the primaries. One referenced in the "Hawks", the radical right wing, and more confrontational with the kirchnerism of the party, which was represented by Patricia Bullrich;[30][31][32] and the other referenced in the "Doves", the more moderate and centre-right wing of the party, which was embodied by Horacio Rodríguez Larreta.[33][30] In the end, Patricia Bullrich managed to overcome her dialoguing opponent, although she did not obtain enough percentage to qualify for the runoff.[34][35] In which the hardest referents decided to support the ultraconservative libertarian Javier Milei, on the contrary the moderates remained neutral or even some supported the center-right peronist Sergio Massa.[36][37] When the libertarian reached the presidency, he appointed several hard-line members of the PRO in his cabinet.[38]

After the election Patricia Bullrich returned to government as security minister in president Javier Milei's Cabinet in December 2023. Bullrich also stated that she will step down both as the leader of Juntos por el Cambio and PRO party.[39] As of 2024 Bullrich and Macri have different views on the future of PRO and its relation with La Libertad Avanza. Bullrich wants PRO to formally join LLA and create a stronger party, while Macri prefers to stay as an autonomous ally.[40]

## Ideology

[edit]

Despite its heterogeneity and post-ideological profile, PRO can be classified as a centre-right[41][42][43][44] party close to the liberal-conservative tradition and the neoliberal paradigm.[6] With analysts denoting the party's 3 main ideologies being conservatism,[45] developmentalism,[46][47][48] and economic liberalism.[49] The party aims to revive the "spirit" of Arturo Frondizi, who was Argentine president of the Radical Civic Union between 1958 and 1962.[50]

Fabián Bosoer, a political scientist who writes for Clarín, says PRO is "centre-right or republican liberal" party.[51]

PRO's fundamental ties come from other centre-right parties. It sought alliances with parties like the Democratic Party.[52]

PRO is affiliated with the International Democracy Union and has links with international networks of think tanks such as the Konrad Adenauer Foundation.[53][54][55]

Mauricio Macri defined his own strength as "pro-market and pro-business".[56]

Despite the majority of PRO members, they refuse to accept that their party be classified as "right-wing" for various reasons.[57][58] In Argentina, only 20% of citizens recognize themselves as right-wing and PRO, like other modern parties, to seek where there is a greater number of potential votes, hoping to add voters to the centre without losing the support of those on the right-wing. A rejection to be placed in the field of the right-wing prevails, which in Argentina is strongly associated with authoritarianism.[59] There is also a centrist faction led by Horacio Rodríguez Larreta.[60]

### Economic issues

[edit]

PRO supports lower taxes, deregulation and free trade.[61][62][63][64] Macri has expressed opposition to the nationalization of the country's airline and oil companies.[65][66][67]

During Macri's presidency, he liberalized foreign exchange and exports and imports controls, cut some taxes and energy subsidies.[68]

### Social issues

[edit]

Mauricio Macri has opposed LGBT rights during the 1990s but has evolved since then. In 2009, he declared to be in favor of same sex unions and that he was not appealing the ruling that enabled the marriage between two men in the City of Buenos Aires.[69] Nevertheless, in 2010, the majority of national deputies of PRO voted against same-sex marriage, including Gabriela Michetti, who actively campaigned against it.[70][69][71]

During Macri's presidency, when the PRO leader declared himself pro-life, most party members voted against legalizing abortion.[72]

### Foreign policy

[edit]

Macri improved the relations with the United States and from Mercosur achieved a free trade agreement with the European Union and closer ties with the Pacific Alliance.[73][74][75]

PRO and Cambiemos opposes strongly the regime of Nicolás Maduro in Venezuela for human rights abuses and calls for a restoration of democracy in the country.[76]

During the first week in office, Macri annulled the Memorandum of understanding between Argentina and Iran, which would have established a joint investigation into the 1994 bombing with AMIA, a terrorist attack on a Jewish organization for which Argentina blamed Hezbollah and Iran.[77]

## Young PRO

[edit]

Jóvenes PRO is the young wing within this political party with had an ideology based on centrism, economic liberalism and developmentalism.[78]

They are full members of the International Youth Democrat Union, a global association of conservative and center-right youth organizations since December 2013.[79]

For many years, the youth wing was led by Marcos Peña, Chief of the Cabinet and one of the biggest referents of the PRO party.[80]

In April 2018, leaders of the ruling party attended the First National Youth Meeting of Cambiemos. There Marcos Peña questioned "populism" and encouraged them to continue on the path of "collective construction".[81]

When Javier Milei won the elections in 2023, the group decided to support him, and turned towards the far-right.[82]

## Pensar Foundation

[edit]

Fundación Pensar is a think tank that develops electoral strategies and public policies for the party.[83]

In 2010, he was with Francisco Cabrera as president. The objective of the foundation was to design public policies and coordinate technical teams for a future national government of Mauricio Macri.[84]

## PRO presidents

[edit]

Name  | Portrait  | Vice President  | Presidency

start date

| Presidency

end date

|
|
|
|

Mauricio Macri |  | Gabriela Michetti | 10 December 2015  | 10 December 2019

## Electoral history

[edit]

### Presidential elections

[edit]

Election year  | Candidate(s)  | First round  | Second round  | Result  | Note

|
|
|
|
|

# votes  | % vote  | # votes  | % vote
2007 | Ricardo López Murphy | 273,015  | 1.43%  |  | N Defeated | as Recreate for Growth
2015 | Mauricio Macri | 8,601,063  | 34.15%  | 12,997,938  | 51.34%  | Y Victory | as Cambiemos
2019 | Mauricio Macri | 10,470,607  | 40.37%  |  | N Defeated | as Juntos por el Cambio
2023 | Patricia Bullrich | 6,379,023  | 23.81%  |  | N Defeated | as Juntos por el Cambio

### Congressional elections

[edit]

#### Chamber of Deputies

[edit]

Election year  | votes  | %  | seats won  | Total seats  | Position  | Presidency  | Note

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

2005 | 1,046,020  | 7.55  | 9  |

9 / 257

| Minority  | Néstor Kirchner (FPV—PJ)  | In opposition
2007  | 141,660  | 5.67  | 0  |

9 / 257

| Minority  | Néstor Kirchner (FPV—PJ)  | In opposition
2009 | 3,391,391  | 19.21  | 20  |

20 / 257

| Minority  | Cristina Kirchner (FPV—PJ)  | In opposition
2011  | 471,851  | 2.08  | 3  |

11 / 257

| Minority  | Cristina Kirchner (FPV—PJ)  | In opposition
2013 | 2,033,459  | 8.18  | 18  |

20 / 257

| Minority  | Cristina Kirchner (FPV—PJ)  | In opposition
2015  | 8,601,063  | 34.15  | 21  |

41 / 257

| Minority  | Mauricio Macri (PRO)  | In government
2017 | 10,161,053  | 41.76  | 14  |

55 / 257

| Minority  | Mauricio Macri (PRO)  | In government
2019  | 10,347,402  | 40.36  | 4  |

51 / 257

| Minority  | Alberto Fernández (FdT-PJ)  | In opposition

#### Senate elections

[edit]

Election year  | votes  | %  | seats won  | Total seats  | Position  | Presidency  | Note

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

2005 | 492,892  | 7.5  | 0  |

0 / 72

| Minority  | Néstor Kirchner (FPV—PJ)  | In opposition
2007  | 20,077  | 5.67  | 0  |

0 / 72

| Minority  | Néstor Kirchner (FPV—PJ)  | In opposition
2009 | 121,100  | 19.21  | 0  |

0 / 72

| Minority  | Cristina Kirchner (FPV—PJ)  | In opposition
2011  | 55,023  | 2.08  | 0  |

0 / 72

| Minority  | Cristina Kirchner (FPV—PJ)  | In opposition
2013 | 779,404  | 8.18  | 3  |

3 / 72

| Minority  | Cristina Kirchner (FPV—PJ)  | In opposition
2015  | 8,601,063  | 34.15  | 5  |

6 / 72

| Minority  | Mauricio Macri (PRO)  | In government
2017 | 4,802,632  | 41.01  | 1  |

7 / 72

| Minority  | Mauricio Macri (PRO)  | In government
2019  | 2,363,432  | 41.94  | 1  |

8 / 72

| Minority  | Alberto Fernández (FdT-PJ)  | In opposition

## Further reading

[edit]

* Vommaro, Gabriel (2023). Conservatives against the Tide: The Rise of the Argentine PRO in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781009418256

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Plan 2023: Pro rearma la Fundación Pensar tras la salida del poder". La Nación (in Spanish). 20 January 2020.
2. ^ Juan R. Grandinetti, La militancia juvenil del partido Propuesta Republicana (PRO) en los centros de estudiantes universitarios, Paper, 2 May 2019
3. ^ "Radiografía de los jóvenes Pro: rondan los 30, ocupan cargos altos y se preparan para suceder a Vidal y Peña". La Nación (in Spanish). 3 October 2017.
4. ^ "Poder Judicial de la Nación Argentina".
5. ^ "Cámara Nacional Electoral – Estadística de Afiliados Primer Semestre 2016 – Secretaría de Actuación Judicial – Unidad de Recopilación y Producción de Datos – Registro Nacional de Partidos Políticos" (PDF). www.electoral.gov.ar/ www.electoral.gov.ar. 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
6. ^ a b Bohoslavsky, Ernesto; Morresi, Sergio (2016). "El partido PRO y el triunfo de la nueva derecha en Argentina". Amérique Latine Histoire et Mémoire. 32 (32). doi:10.4000/alhim.5619.
7. ^ "Conservative Mauricio Macri wins Argentina presidency". BBC. 23 November 2015. Archived from the original on 28 June 2021. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
8. ^ "Las 8 alianzas que competirán en las próximas elecciones" [The 8 alliances that will run in the next elections]. La Nación (in Spanish). 11 June 2015. Archived from the original on 13 August 2018. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
9. ^ "Members | International Democracy Union". 1 February 2018.
10. ^ "Partidos Miembros". Archived from the original on 31 March 2022. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
11. ^ Robertino Sánchez Flecha (25 May 2024). "Macri tomó el control del PRO en Buenos Aires y Bullrich romperá el bloque parlamentario como respuesta". Infobae. Retrieved 26 May 2024.
12. ^ Jonathan Watts and Uki Goñi (22 November 2015). "Argentina shifts to the right after Mauricio Macri wins presidential runoff". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
13. ^ "Mauricio Macri's long odds". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
14. ^ "Argentinian president Macri vows 'many reforms' after strong election result". The Guardian. 24 October 2017.
15. ^ Editorial (24 August 2005). "El frente de Macri y Murphy tiene nombre: Propuesta Republicana". Clarín.
16. ^ Fabián Bosoer (23 November 2015). "Macri y el PRO en el poder: una suma de novedades históricas" [Macri and the PRO in power: a sum of historical novelties] (in Spanish). Clarín. Retrieved 6 November 2018.
17. ^ "Dura derrota de Kirchner - LA NACION". La Nación.
18. ^ Ramy Wurgaft (31 July 2011). "El conservador Mauricio Macri, reelegido alcalde de Buenos Aires". El Mundo.
19. ^ "Jorge Macri venció en Vicente López - LA NACION". La Nación.
20. ^ "El socialismo ganó Santa Fe y del Sel lo desplazó a Rossi". Clarín (in Spanish). 25 July 2011.
21. ^ "Unión por Todos de Patricia Bullrich se suma al PRO en la Capital". Télam (in Spanish). 12 June 2013. Archived from the original on 15 June 2013.
22. ^ "Meet PRO, Argentina – the IDU's newest member". International Democrat Union. 17 January 2017. Archived from the original on 20 January 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
23. ^ Guido Carelli Lynch (28 January 2017). "El PRO ingresa a la liga mundial de los partidos de derecha". Clarín.
24. ^ Santiago Dapelo (12 June 2016). "Macri activa a medio gabinete para las elecciones de 2017" [Macri turns on half the cabinet for the 2017 elections]. La Nación (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 June 2016.
25. ^ "Esteban Bullrich se impuso sobre Cristina Kirchner por cuatro puntos". La Nación. 22 October 2017.
26. ^ "Elecciones 2019: Axel Kicillof le ganó a María Eugenia Vidal y criticó a Cambiemos por la crisis en la Provincia". 28 October 2019.
27. ^ Rosemberg, Jaime (28 October 2019). "Elecciones 2019: un triunfo aplastante proyecta a Larreta como el referente nacional de la oposición". La Nación (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 November 2019.
28. ^ El Litoral. "Milei pidió una interna con Patricia Bullrich" (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 December 2023.
29. ^ "Javier Milei propone ir a una interna con Patricia Bullrich: "El que gana conduce y el que pierde acompaña"". infobae (in European Spanish). 17 April 2023. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
30. ^ a b Criales, José Pablo (9 August 2023). "Javier Milei holds mass rally in Argentina: 'The political caste is afraid; do you want to scare them a little more?'". EL PAÍS English. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
31. ^ "A Sharp Right Turn for Argentina?". Wilson Center. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
32. ^ Jaureguy, Martina (25 October 2023). "Bullrich to endorse Milei in run-off: 'We decided to forgive each other'". Buenos Aires Herald. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
33. ^ Stefanoni, Pablo. "Argentina prepara elecciones en medio de una profunda crisis". OpenDemocracy.
34. ^ "The Hard Right Captivates the Argentine Electorate". NACLA. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
35. ^ "Patricia Bullrich quedó fuera del balotaje y el resultado de Juntos por el Cambio podría marcar el fin de la coalición: Elecciones Argentina 2023". Página/12 (in Spanish). 22 October 2023. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
36. ^ "Oposición argentina se divide por polémico apoyo a Milei frente a balotaje". Voz de América (in Spanish). 25 October 2023. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
37. ^ "Nuevas adhesiones antes del balotaje: quiénes apoyan a Massa y quiénes a Milei". www.cronista.com (in Spanish). 14 November 2023. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
38. ^ "Todos los funcionarios confirmados y los que se analizan". www.cronista.com (in Spanish). 24 November 2023. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
39. ^ "Bullrich returns to government as security minister in Milei's Cabinet". Buenos Aires Times. December 2023. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
40. ^ ""PRO Libertad": diputados de Patricia Bullrich armaron un nuevo bloque y formalizaron la ruptura con Mauricio Macri en la Legislatura bonaerense". infobae (in European Spanish). 28 May 2024. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
41. ^

* "En el macrismo se muestran indiferentes". Clarín. 15 August 2010.
* Sergio Morresi y Gabriel Vommaro (12 March 2015). "Macri y el PRO en el poder: una suma de novedades históricas". Clarín.
* Fabián Bosoer (23 November 2015). "Macri y el PRO en el poder: una suma de novedades históricas". Clarín.
* Peregil, Francisco (23 March 2015). "Macri, el alcalde que aprieta el paso hacia la presidencia argentina". El País.
* Peregil, Francisco (19 November 2014). "Una dimisión fractura la coalición de centroizquierda contra el peronismo". El País.

42. ^

* Lacunza, Sebastián (26 June 2023). "El peronismo elige a un amigo de los mercados para hacer frente a una derecha radicalizada en las presidenciales". elDiario.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 July 2023.
* Peregil, Francisco (16 March 2015). "El gran partido opositor argentino se une a la derecha en las presidenciales". El País (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
* Rebossio, Alejandro (20 July 2015). "La derecha gana en Buenos Aires por un estrecho margen". El País (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
* "La derecha gana por solo tres puntos la alcaldía de Buenos Aires". BBC News Mundo (in Spanish). 20 July 2015. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
* "Meet the Candidates: Argentina". Americas Quarterly. 19 January 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.

43. ^

* Caruncho, Lucía (2020). "Partidos de derecha y estilos de liderazgo. Notas sobre el PRO argentino y el PSL brasileño". Colombia Internacional (103). Colombia Internacional: 85–109\. doi:10.7440/colombiaint103.2020.08.
* Martinez Ledesma, Delfina (2019). "La derecha en Argentina, ¿etiqueta superada o etiqueta vedada? : una aproximación exploratoria a través de un estudio de caso del Pro". `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help)
* Lucca, Juan Bautista (2015). Coaliciones Políticas. La Argentina en Perspectiva (PDF) (in Spanish). p. 2.
* Zícari, Julian Norberto (2017). "Las coaliciones neoliberales en la Argentina: los casos de la Alianza y Cambiemos". ISSN 0325-1926. `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help)
* Caruncho, Lucía (2018). "«Las cosas por su nombre»: Un estudio de la racionalidad subjetiva del neoliberalismo a partir del análisis de los Principios Institucionales del PRO (2018)". ISSN 1853-6484. `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help)
* Bohoslavsky, Ernesto; Morresi, Sergio (1 December 2016). "El partido PRO y el triunfo de la nueva derecha en Argentina". Amérique Latine Histoire et Mémoire. Les Cahiers ALHIM (in Spanish). 32 (32). doi:10.4000/alhim.5619. ISSN 1777-5175.

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* Meléndez, Carlos (8 September 2022). The Post-Partisans: Anti-Partisans, Anti-Establishment Identifiers, and Apartisans in Latin America. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-60413-0.
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* Luna, Juan Pablo; Kaltwasser, Cristóbal Rovira (September 2014). The Resilience of the Latin American Right. JHU Press. ISBN 978-1-4214-1390-7.
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* Schwartz, Marcy (2 May 2018). Public Pages: Reading Along the Latin American Streetscape. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-1-4773-1520-0.
* Margulis, Matias E.; McKeon, Nora; Jr, Saturnino M. Borras (23 May 2016). Land Grabbing and Global Governance. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-95216-8.
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* Cabanellas, Guillermo (21 January 2022). Intellectual Property Law in Argentina. Kluwer Law International B.V. ISBN 978-94-035-4093-1.

45. ^ *Sergio D. Morresi & Gabriel Vommaro, The Difficulties of the Partisan Right in Argentina: The Case of the PRO Party Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Draft, March 2013
* Peregil, Francisco (16 March 2015). "El gran partido opositor argentino se une a la derecha en las presidenciales". El País.
* "El conservador Mauricio Macri arrebata al peronismo la capital argentina". El País. 24 June 2007.
* "Mauricio Macri gana por amplia mayoría su segundo mandato en Buenos Aires". El País. 31 July 2011.
* "La victoria del conservador Macri desafía el poder de Kirchner". 12 July 2011.
* "El conservador Macri se prepara para festejar un triunfo contundente de sus candidatos en Buenos Aires". 26 April 2015.
* "La amarga victoria de Macri en Buenos Aires". 20 July 2015.
* Rebossio, Alejandro (20 July 2015). "La derecha gana en Buenos Aires por un estrecho margen". El País.
46. ^ "Mauricio Macri siempre fue desarrollista". La Política Online. 29 April 2012.
47. ^ "Schiavoni: "Si hacíamos el sinceramiento que hizo Frondizi, nos quedábamos sin Gobierno"". Visión Desarrollista. 12 April 2018.
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49. ^
* Sergio D. Morresi, Gabriel Vommaro (March 2013). "How to construct a successful party of the center-right in contemporary Argentina?" (PDF). The difficulties of the partisian right in Argentina: The case of the PRO Party, página 13. Universidad de San Andrés. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
* Cué, Carlos E.; Rebossio, Alejandro (10 December 2015). "EN VIVO | Macri ya es el nuevo presidente de Argentina". El País.
* "¿El gobierno de Macri es neoliberal? - LA NACION". La Nación.
* "Argentina's slum policy is a rare bright spot in the country". The Economist.
* https://www.france24.com/es/20191025-macri-el-empresario-liberal-al-que-la-crisis-económica-juega-una-mala-pasada
50. ^ "¿Frondizi como nueva épica? – Prensa económica".
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52. ^ "El PD ratificó su alianza con el Pro e irán juntos". Los Andes. 26 January 2014.
53. ^ "El PRO ingresa a la liga mundial de los partidos de derecha". www.clarin.com. 28 January 2017.
54. ^ Silvia Mercado. "El PRO se afilió a la Unión Demócrata Internacional". infobae.
55. ^ "Acerca de nosotros". Sede KAS-Argentina.
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* "Macri elimina el IVA para gran parte de los productos de la canasta básica". La Nación. 15 August 2019.
* "La herencia económica que Macri le dejará a Fernández, según el Gobierno – LA NACION". www.lanacion.com.ar. 4 November 2019.
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74. ^ "Histórico: firman el acuerdo comercial entre el Mercosur y la Unión Europea". La Nación. 28 June 2019.
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84. ^ La Prensa, Macri presentó sus equipos técnicos con vistas al 2011

## External links

[edit]

* Official website

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Republican Proposal

Related parties or alliances|

* Commitment to Change
* Recreate for Growth
* Union of the Democratic Centre
* Cambiemos

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* Laura Alonso
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* Patricia Bullrich
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Political parties in Argentina

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| Chamber of Deputies|

* Union for the Homeland – 118
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* Avanza Libertad
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|

Senate|

* Union for the Homeland – 35
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Extra-parliamentary|

* Authentic Socialist Party
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Provincial parties
(recognized in only
one province)|

* Federal Capital (Communist Party (Extraordinary Congress)
* Self-determination and Freedom
* Public Trust)
* Buenos Aires (Patriot Front)
* Catamarca (Civic and Social Front of Catamarca)
* Chaco (Chaco Action
* New Space of Participation)
* Chubut (We Are All Chubut)
* Córdoba (We Do for Córdoba
* Civic Front of Córdoba)
* Corrientes (Action for the Republic
* Autonomist Party of Corrientes
* Liberal Party of Corrientes
* New Party)
* Jujuy (Jujuy People's Movement
* Party for Popular Sovereignty)
* Mendoza (Protector Political Force)
* Misiones (Party of Social Concord)
* Neuquén (Neuquén People's Movement)
* Río Negro (Together We Are Río Negro)
* Salta (Fatherland Now
* Salta Identity
* Salta Renewal Party)
* San Juan (Bloquista Party
* Production and Labour)
* San Luis (Advance San Luis
* Unity and Liberty Party)
* Santiago del Estero (Civic Front for Santiago)
* Tierra del Fuego (Fueguian People's Movement
* Patagonian Social Party)
* Tucumán (Republican Force
* Party for Social Justice)

* Portal:Politics
* List of political parties
* Politics of Argentina
* Argentine former political parties

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Juntos por el Cambio

Member parties|

* Republican Proposal
* Radical Civic Union
* Civic Coalition ARI

Leaders|

* Patricia Bullrich (PRO)
* Martin Lousteau (UCR)
* Maximiliano Ferraro (CC-ARI)

* v
* t
* e

Mauricio Macri

Presidency|

| Events|

* Inauguration of Mauricio Macri
* International trips
* 2018–present Argentine monetary crisis
* 2018 G20 Buenos Aires summit
* 2019 Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay blackout

|

Elections|

* 2015
* 2017
* 2019

Opening of regular sessions
of the National Congress of Argentina|

* 2018
* 2019

Reports|

* State of the State report

Political parties|

* Commitment to Change
* Republican Proposal
* Cambiemos

Scandals|

* Buenos Aires wiretapping case
* Panama Papers
* Death of Santiago Maldonado
* Voluntary Interruption of Pregnancy Bill (Argentina)
* Pasaron cosas
* Disappearance of ARA San Juan (Spying on families of ARA San Juan)

Family|

* Franco Macri
* Juliana Awada

Books|

* Primer tiempo

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