Revised Penal Code

Criminal code of the Philippines

Revised Penal Code

Philippine Legislature

Long title

* An Act Revising the Penal Code and other Penal Laws

Citation| Act No. 3815
Territorial extent| Philippines
Enacted by| Governor-General of the Philippines with the advice and consent of the Philippine Legislature
Enacted| December 8, 1930
Signed| December 8, 1930
Commenced| January 1, 1932
Amended by
Presidential Decree No. 1602 (Gambling)
Presidential Decree No. 1613 (Arson)
Presidential Decree No. 1744 (Arson)
Keywords
Criminal law
Status: Amended

The Revised Penal Code contains the general penal laws of the Philippines. First enacted in 1930, it remains in effect today, despite several amendments thereto. It does not comprise a comprehensive compendium of all Philippine penal laws. The Revised Penal Code itself was enacted as Act No. 3815, and some Philippine criminal laws have been enacted outside of the Revised Penal Code as separate Republic Acts.

## Historical background

[edit]

The Revised Penal Code supplanted the 1870 Spanish Código Penal, which was in force in the Philippines (then an overseas province of the Spanish Empire up to 1898) from 1886 to 1930, after an allegedly uneven implementation in 1877. The new Code was drafted by a committee created in 1927, and headed by Judge Anacleto Díaz, who would later serve on the Supreme Court. Rather than engage in a wholesale codification of all penal laws in the Philippines, the committee instead revised the old Penal Code and included all other penal laws only insofar as they related to the Penal Code.

## Features

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The Revised Penal Code criminalizes a whole class of acts that are generally accepted as criminal, such as the taking of a life whether through murder or homicide, rape, robbery theft, and treason. The Code also penalizes other acts that are considered criminal in the Philippines, such as adultery, concubinage, and abortion. It expressly defines the elements that each crime comprises, and the existence of all these elements has to be proven beyond reasonable doubt in order to secure a conviction.

Not all crimes in the Philippines are penalized under the Code; certain crimes, such as the illegal possession of firearms, are penalized under special legislation contained in Republic Acts. The most notable crimes now excluded from the Revised Penal Code are those concerning illegal drug use or trafficking, which are penalized instead under the Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972 and later the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002.[1][2]

One distinct aspect of the Revised Penal Code centers on its classification of aggravating, exempting and mitigating circumstances, the appreciation of which affects the gradation of penalties. Penalties under the Revised Penal Code are generally divided into three periods – the minimum period, the medium period, and the maximum period. In addition to establishing the elements of the crime, the prosecution may also establish the presence of aggravating circumstances in order to set the penalty at the maximum period, or mitigating circumstances to reduce the penalty to its minimum period. The presence of both aggravating and mitigating circumstance, or the absence of such circumstances, may result in the imposition of the penalty in its medium period.[3]

Several provisions of the Revised Penal Code have also been amended through Republic Acts. One of the more consequential amendments came in 1997, with the passage of Republic Act No. 8353, the Anti-Rape Law of 1997.[4] Prior to the 1997 amendments, rape had been classified as a crime against chastity and was defined as "having carnal knowledge of a woman" under enumerated circumstances that indicated lack of consent.[3] Under the amendments, rape was reclassified as a crime against persons. The definition was further expanded from mere "carnal knowledge of a woman" and now included "an act of sexual assault by inserting his penis into other person's mouth or anal orifice, or any instrument or object, into the genital or anal orifice of another person." Additional circumstances by which the victim would be deemed incapable of giving valid consent were also integrated into this new definition of rape.[4]

With the abolition of the death penalty in 2006, the highest penalty currently possible under the Revised Penal Code is reclusión perpetua, which ranges from 20 years and 1 day to 40 years' imprisonment.[3][5][6] The penalty of life imprisonment is not provided for in the Revised Penal Code, although it is imposed by other penal statutes such as the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act.[2]

Republic Act 10951, signed by president Rodrigo Duterte in 2017, updated the fines and penalties to the law. Previously, the law mandated fines ranging from five to 100,000 pesos; the new law updated the fines, ranging from 1,000 pesos for other coercions and unjust vexations, up to 4 million for treason. The law also amends the length of incarceration for malversation of public funds.[7]

## Preliminary article

[edit]

It states that the law shall be known as the "Revised Penal Code."

## Book One

[edit]

A preliminary article states when it takes effect (on January 1, 1932), and where the law can be enforced, which includes the Philippine archipelago, and on a Philippine ship or airship, among others.

### Title One: Felonies and criminal liability

[edit]

Chapter One defines what a felony is, which are acts and omissions punishable by law, either by means of deceit, or by fault. It defines who is criminally liable, whether a felony is consummated, frustrated or attempted, when conspiracy and proposal to commit felonies are punishable, which felonies are light, less grave and grave.

The succeeding chapters list which circumstances justify, exempt, mitigate and aggravate criminal liability.

### Title Two: Persons criminally liable

[edit]

This title discusses who are the persons liable. These include the principals, accomplices and the accessories, with the latter classification not used for light felonies.

### Title Three: Penalties

[edit]

All penalties relating to death are commuted to reclusión perpetua.

#### Length of incarceration

[edit]

Up to 6 years

Up to 40 years

Name  | Type  | Entire length  | Minimum length  | Medium length  | Maximum length  | Accessory penalties

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| Death  | Capital | Not applied; commuted to reclusión perpetua. | Perpetual absolute disqualification and that of civil interdiction during thirty years following the date of sentence
| Reclusión perpetua | Afflictive  | 20 years and 1 day to 40 years[8] | Civil interdiction for life or during the period of the sentence as the case may be, and perpetual absolute disqualification
| Reclusión temporal | 12 years and one day to 20 years  | 12 years and one day to 14 years and 8 months  | 14 years and 8 months to 17 years and 4 months  | 17 years 4 months and 1 day to 20 years
| Prisión mayor | 6 years and one day to 12 years  | 6 years and 1 day to 8 years  | 8 years and 1 day to 10 years  | 10 years and 1 day to 12 years  |

* If disqualification is imposed, 12 years and 1 day
* Temporary absolute disqualification and that of perpetual special disqualification from the right of suffrage

| Prisión correccional | Correctional  | 6 months and one day to 6 years  | 6 months and 1 day to 2 years and 4 months  | 2 years, 4 months and 1 day to 4 years and 2 months  | 4 years, 2 months and 1 day to 6 years  | Suspension from public office, from the right to follow a profession or calling, and that of perpetual special disqualification from the right of suffrage, if the duration of said imprisonment shall exceed eighteen months.
Suspension  | If suspension is imposed, 6 years
Destierro | Any person sentenced to destierro shall not be permitted to enter the place or places designated in the sentence, nor within the radius therein specified, which shall be not more than 250 and not less than 25 kilometers from the place designated.
| Arresto mayor | 1 month and 1 day to 6 months  | 1 month to 2 months  | 2 months and 1 day to 4 months  | 4 months and 1 day to 6 months  | Suspension of the right to hold office and the right of suffrage during the term of the sentence
| Arresto menor | Light  | 1 day to 30 days  | 1 day to 10 days  | 11 days to 20 days  | 21 days to 30 days

#### Other penalties

[edit]

* Public censure (also a light penalty)
* Fines (also an afflictive penalty)
* Civil interdiction: Deprive the offender during the time of his sentence of the rights of parental authority, or guardianship

#### Accessory penalties

[edit]

* Perpetual or temporary absolute disqualification
* The deprivation of the public offices and employments which the offender may have held even if conferred by popular election.
* The deprivation of the right to vote in any election for any popular elective office or to be elected to such office, and the disqualification for the offices or public employments and for the exercise of any of the rights mentioned.

In case of temporary disqualification, this deprivation and disqualification shall last during the term of the sentence.
* The loss of all rights to retirement pay or other pension for any office formerly held.
* Perpetual or temporary special disqualification:
* The deprivation of the office, employment, profession or calling affected;
* The disqualification for holding similar offices or employments either perpetually or during the term of the sentence according to the extent of such disqualification.
* Perpetual or temporary special disqualification for the exercise of the right of suffrage
* Deprive the offender perpetually or during the term of the sentence, according to the nature of said penalty, of the right to vote in any popular election for any public office or to be elected to such office. Moreover, the offender shall not be permitted to hold any public office during the period of his disqualification.
* Suspension from any public office, profession or calling, or the right of suffrage
* Disqualify the offender from holding such office or exercising such profession or calling or right of suffrage during the term of the sentence

### Title Four: Extinction of criminal liability and civil liability

[edit]

#### Extinction of criminal liability

[edit]

This discusses when criminal liability is extinguished. These include by death of the convict, service of the sentence, by amnesty, and by absolute pardon, among others.

#### Prescription of crimes

[edit]

See also: Statute of limitations

This discusses when crimes can no longer be prosecuted, from the time the crime is discovered by the offended party, the authorities, or their agents.

Penalty  | Length of time

|

Death, reclusión perpetua or reclusión temporal | 20 years
Correctional penalty, except arresto mayor | 10 years
Arresto mayor | 5 years
Libel and other similar offenses  | 1 year
Oral defamation and slander  | 6 months
Light offenses  | 2 months

### Title Five: Civil liability

[edit]

The law states that "every person criminally liable for a felony is also civilly liable."

## Book Two

[edit]

The code classifies crimes into different titles, each divided to one or more chapters, all of these in Book Two of the code.[9]

### Title One: Crimes against national security and the law of nations

[edit]

* "Treason" is defined as "any person who, owing allegiance to (the United States or) the Government of the Philippine Islands, not being a foreigner, levies war against them or adheres to their enemies, giving them aid or comfort within the Philippine Islands or elsewhere"
* "Espionage" is defined as:
1. Without authority therefor, enters a warship, fort, or naval or military establishment or reservation to obtain any information, plans, photographs, or other data of a confidential nature relative to the defense of the Philippine Archipelago; or
2. Being in possession, by reason of the public office he holds, of the articles, data, or information referred to in the preceding paragraph, discloses their contents to a representative of a foreign nation.
* "Flight to enemy country", known elsewhere as "desertion", is defined as "any person who, owing allegiance to the Government, attempts to flee or go to an enemy country when prohibited by competent authority"
* "Piracy" is defined as "any person who, on the high seas, shall attack or seize a vessel or, not being a member of its complement nor a passenger, shall seize the whole or part of the cargo of said vessel, its equipment, or personal belongings of its complement or passengers."
* "Qualified piracy" is defined as those who commit any of the crimes referred to in the preceding article, under any of the following circumstances:
1. Whenever they have seized a vessel by boarding or firing upon the same;
2. Whenever the pirates have abandoned their victims without means of saving themselves; or
3. Whenever the crime is accompanied by murder, homicide, physical injuries or rape.

Crime  | Aggravating, exempting and mitigating circumstances | Fine is not more than (unless specified)  | Arresto menor | Arresto mayor | Prisión correccional | Prisión mayor | Reclusión temporal | Reclusión perpetua | Death

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Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max
Treason | ₱4,000,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes
Conspiracy to commit treason  | ₱2,000,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |
Proposal to commit treason  | ₱1,000,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Espionage | If a public officer  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |
All other cases  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Inciting to war or giving motives for reprisals  | If a public officer  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |
If a private individual  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |
Violation of neutrality |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Correspondence with hostile country  | If prohibited by the government  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If correspondence was carried on in ciphers or conventional signs  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |
If information given might be useful to the enemy  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |
If information given might be useful to the enemy, and offender intended to aid the enemy  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes
Flight to enemy country |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Piracy in general and mutiny on the high seas  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |
Qualified piracy  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes

### Title Two: Crimes against the fundamental laws of the state

[edit]

* "Arbitrary detention" is defined as detention of a person by a public officer without legal grounds.
* "Expulsion", or "deportation" elsewhere, is defined as "any public officer or employee who, not being thereunto authorized by law, shall expel any person from the Philippine Islands or shall compel such person to change his residence."
* Violation of domicile, or "trespassing" elsewhere, is defined as "any public officer or employee who, not being authorized by judicial order, shall enter any dwelling against the will of the owner thereof, search papers or other effects found therein without the previous consent of such owner, or having surreptitiously entered said dwelling, and being required to leave the premises, shall refuse to do so
* "Offending the religious feelings" is defined as "anyone who, in a place devoted to religious worship or during the celebration of any religious ceremony shall perform acts notoriously offensive to the feelings of the faithful."

Crime  | Aggravating, exempting and mitigating circumstances | Fine is not more than (unless specified)  | Arresto menor | Arresto mayor | Prisión correccional | Prisión mayor | Reclusión temporal | Reclusión perpetua | Death

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Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max
Arbitrary detention | Detention has not exceeded three days  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Detention is more than three days, but less than 15 days  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Detention is more than 15 days, but less than six months  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |
Detention has exceeded more than six months  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |
Delay in the delivery of detained persons to the proper judicial authorities.  | Same as above penalties for arbitrary detention.
Delaying release
Expulsion |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Violation of domicile | If committed at night-time, or if any papers or effects not constituting evidence of a crime be not returned immediately after the search made by the offender  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
All other cases  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Search warrants maliciously obtained and abuse in the service of those legally obtained  | ₱200,000  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Searching domicile without witnesses  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prohibition, interruption and dissolution of peaceful meetings  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interruption of religious worship  | If committed with violence or threats  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
All other cases  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Offending the religious feelings |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

### Title Three: Crimes against public order

[edit]

Crime  | Aggravating, exempting and mitigating circumstances | Fine is not more than (unless specified)  | Arresto menor | Arresto mayor | Prisión correccional | Prisión mayor | Reclusión temporal | Reclusión perpetua | Death

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Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max
Rebellion or insurrection | Offender promotes, maintains, or heads  | ₱20,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |
Offender merely participating or executing the commands of others  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Coup d'etat | Offender leads or in any manner directs or commands others  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |
If a public officer participates, or executes directions or commands of others  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |
If not a public officer, and participates, or executes directions or commands of others  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |
Conspiracy and proposal to commit coup d'etat  | ₱1,000,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |
Conspiracy and proposal to commit rebellion  | ₱1,000,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Conspiracy and proposal to commit insurrection  | ₱400,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Disloyalty of public officers or employees  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Inciting a rebellion or insurrection  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sedition | If leader  | ₱2,000,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other participants  | ₱1,000,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Conspiracy to commit sedition  | ₱400,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Inciting to sedition  | ₱400,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Act tending to prevent the meeting of the Assembly and similar bodies  | ₱40,000 to ₱400,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Disturbance of proceedings  | ₱200,000  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Violation of parliamentary immunity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |
Illegal assemblies | If leader  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |
If present  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If present, and armed  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Illegal associations  | If founders, directors, and presidents  | ₱200,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If members  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Direct assaults | If assault is committed with a weapon, or against a person of authority  | ₱200,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
All other cases  | ₱100,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Indirect assaults  | ₱100,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Disobedience to summons  | ₱40,000 to ₱200,000  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Resistance and disobedience to a person in authority  | Resist or seriously disobey  | ₱100,000  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Not of a serious nature  | ₱2,000 to ₱20,000  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tumultuous disturbance or interruption liable to cause disturbance  | If serious disturbance  | ₱200,000  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If serious disturbance is of tumultuous character  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If offender make any outcry tending to incite rebellion or sedition or in such place shall display placards or emblems  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If offender buries with pomp the body of a person who has been legally executed  | ₱40,000  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unlawful use of means of publication and unlawful utterances | ₱40,000 to ₱200,000  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Alarms and scandals | ₱40,000  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Delivery of prisoners from jails  | If offender removes from any jail or penal establishment any person confined therein or shall help the escape of such person, by means of violence, intimidation, or bribery  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If by other means  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Evasion of service of sentence | If convict escaped  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If convict was unlawfully done  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If convict violated conditions of pardon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

### Title Four: Crimes against public interest

[edit]

Crime  | Aggravating, exempting and mitigating circumstances | Fine is not more than (unless specified)  | Arresto menor | Arresto mayor | Prisión correccional | Prisión mayor | Reclusión temporal | Reclusión perpetua | Death

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Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max
Counterfeiting the great seal of the Government of the Philippine Islands, forging the signature or stamp of the Chief Executive  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |
Using forged signature or counterfeit seal or stamp  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |
Making and importing and uttering false coins | If coinage of the Philippines | ₱400,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |
If counterfeit is from a foreign country  | ₱200,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mutilation of coins  | With connivance  | ₱400,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Without connivance  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forging treasury or bank notes on other documents payable to bearer; importing, and uttering such false or forged notes and documents | if the document is an obligation or security of the Philippines  | ₱2,000,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |
if the document is an obligation or security of a banking institution  | ₱1,000,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |
if the document is an obligation or security of a foreign government  | ₱1,000,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |
if the document is an obligation or security of a foreign bank  | ₱400,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Counterfeiting, importing and uttering instruments not payable to bearer  | ₱1,200,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Falsification of legislative documents  | ₱1,200,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Falsification by public officer, employee or notary or ecclesiastic minister  | ₱1,000,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Falsification by private individual and use of falsified documents  | ₱1,000,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Falsification of wireless, cable, telegraph and telephone messages  | Creation of dispatch  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Usage of dispatch  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
False medical certificates, false certificates of merits or service, etc.  | If physician or surgeon, or if a public officer  | ₱200,000  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If a private individual  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Usage of certificates  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Manufacturing and possession of instruments or implements for falsification  | Making or introduction  | ₱1,000,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Usage  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Using fictitious name and concealing true name.  | If offender publicly use a fictitious name for the purpose of concealing a crime, evading the execution of a judgment or causing damage  | ₱100,000  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If offender conceals his true name and other personal circumstances  | ₱40,000  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Illegal use of uniforms or insignia |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
False testimony against a defendant  | If the defendant was sentenced to death  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |
if the defendant shall have been sentenced to reclusión temporal or reclusión perpetua |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |
If the defendant shall have been sentenced to any other afflictive penalty  | ₱200,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If the defendant shall have been sentenced to a correctional penalty or a fine, or shall have been acquitted  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
False testimony favorable to the defendants  | If the prosecution is for a felony punishable by an afflictive penalty  | ₱200,000  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Any other case  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
False testimony in civil cases  | If amount is more than one million pesos  | ₱1,000,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If amount is less than one million pesos or cannot be estimated  | ₱200,000  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
False testimony in other cases and perjury in solemn affirmation  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Offering false testimony in evidence  | Depends on the penalties for any of the false testimony crimes.
Machinations in public auctions  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Monopolies and combinations in restraint of trade | If affects any food substance, motor fuel or lubricants, or other articles of prime necessity  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |
If other products or service  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Importation and disposition of falsely marked articles or merchandise made of metals  | ₱40,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Subsisting and altering trade-mark, trade-names, or service marks  | ₱50 to ₱2,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unfair competition, fraudulent registration of trade-mark, trade-name or service mark, fraudulent designation of origin, and false description  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

### Title Five: Crimes relative to opium and other prohibited drugs

[edit]

Repealed by Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002.

### Title Six: Crimes against public morals

[edit]

Articles 195 to 199, which cover gambling, have been repealed by Presidential Decree 1602 as amended by Republic Act 9287.

Crime  | Aggravating, exempting and mitigating circumstances | Fine is not more than (unless specified)  | Arresto menor | Arresto mayor | Prisión correccional | Prisión mayor | Reclusión temporal | Reclusión perpetua | Death

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Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max
Grave scandal[a] |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Immoral doctrines, obscene publications and exhibitions and indecent shows | ₱20,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |
Prostitution | If recidivist  | ₱20,000 to ₱200,000  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
All other cases  | ₱20,000  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

### Title Seven: Crimes committed by public officers

[edit]

For purposes of this section, and elsewhere when cited, a public officer is a anyone who takes part in public functions of the government of the Philippines.

Other crimes committed by public officers are included in the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act, and other laws.

Crime  | Aggravating, exempting and mitigating circumstances | Fine is not more than (unless specified)  | Suspension or disqualification  | Arresto menor | Arresto mayor | Prisión correccional | Prisión mayor | Reclusión temporal | Reclusión perpetua | Death

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Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max
Knowingly rendering unjust judgment  |  | Perpetual absolute disqualification  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |
Judgment rendered through negligence  |  | Temporary special disqualification  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unjust interlocutory order  | All other cases  |  | Suspension  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If offender have acted by reason of inexcusable negligence or ignorance, and order was manifestly unjust  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Malicious delay in the administration of justice |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prosecution of offenses; negligence and tolerance |  | Suspension  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Betrayal of trust by an attorney or solicitor, or revelation of secrets  | ₱40,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Direct bribery | Agrees to perform the crime in connection with his duties, in consideration with an offer  | Not less than the value of the gift and not more than three times such value  | Special temporary disqualification  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If the gift was accepted by the officer in consideration of the execution of an act which does not constitute a crime, and the officer executed said act  | Not less than the value of the gift and not more than twice such value  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If the gift was accepted by the officer in consideration of the execution of an act which does not constitute a crime, and the officer did not execute said act  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If the object for which the gift was received or promised was to make the public officer refrain from doing something which it was his official duty to do  | Not less than the value of the gift and not more than three times such value  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Indirect bribery[a] |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Frauds against the public treasury and similar offenses  | ₱40,000 to ₱2,000,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other frauds  |  | Temporary special disqualification in its maximum period to perpetual special disqualification  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prohibited transactions  | ₱40,000 to ₱2,000,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Possession of prohibited interest by a public officer | ₱40,000 to ₱200,000  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Malversation of public funds or property | If value is less than 40,000 pesos  | Equal to the amount of the funds malversed or equal to the total value of the property embezzled  | Perpetual special disqualification  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If value is more than 40,000 pesos and less than 1,200,000 pesos  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |
If value is more than 1,200,000 pesos and less than 2,400,000 pesos  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |
If value is more than 2,400,000 pesos and less than 4,400,000 pesos  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |
If value is more than 4,400,000 pesos and less than 8,800,000 pesos  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |
If value is more than 8,800,000 pesos  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |
Failure of accountable officer to render accounts  | ₱40,000 to ₱1,200,000  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Failure of a responsible public officer to render accounts before leaving the country  | ₱40,000 to ₱200,000  | Temporary special disqualification  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Failure to make delivery of public funds or property  | 5% to 25% of the sum that was not delivered  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Conniving with or consenting to evasion of prisoners | If the fugitive shall have been sentenced by final judgment to any penalty  |  | Temporary special disqualification in its maximum period to perpetual special disqualification  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If the fugitive shall not have been finally convicted but only held as a detention prisoner  |  | Temporary special disqualification  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Evasion of prisoners through negligence  |  | Temporary special disqualification  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Escape of prisoner under the custody of a person not a public officer  | Same as the evasion of prisoners for public officers, only that it is one degree lower.
Removal, concealment or destruction of documents  | When serious damage is caused  | ₱200,000  | Temporary special disqualification in its maximum period to perpetual disqualification  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |
When damage is not serious  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Officer breaking seal  | ₱400,000  | Temporary special disqualification  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Opening of closed documents  | ₱400,000  | Temporary special disqualification  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revelation of secrets by an officer  | When serious damage is caused  | ₱400,000  | Perpetual special disqualification  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
When damage is not serious  | ₱100,000  | Temporary special disqualification  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Public officer revealing secrets of private individual  | ₱200,000  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Open disobedience to a judgment  | ₱200,000  | Temporary special disqualification in its maximum period  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Disobedience to order of superior officers, when said order was suspended by inferior officer  |  | Perpetual special disqualification  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Refusal of assistance of a public officer  | When serious damage is caused  | ₱200,000  | Perpetual special disqualification  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
When damage is not serious  | ₱100,000  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Refusal to discharge elective office  | ₱200,000  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Maltreatment of prisoners | If the purpose of the maltreatment is to extort a confession, or to obtain some information from the prisoner  | ₱100,000  | Temporary special disqualification  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
All other cases  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Anticipation of duties of a public office  | ₱100,000  | Suspension  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prolonging performance of duties and powers of a public officer  | ₱100,000  | Special temporary disqualification in its minimum period  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Abandonment of office or position of a public officer  | If abandoned top evade discharge of the duties preventing, prosecuting or punishing any of the crime  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
All other cases  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Usurpation of legislative powers  | ₱200,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Usurpation of executive functions  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Usurpation of judicial functions  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Disobeying request for disqualification  | ₱100,000  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Orders or requests by executive officers to any judicial authority  | ₱100,000  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unlawful appointments  | ₱200,000  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Abuses against chastity by public officers  | If against the wife, daughter, sister of relative within the same degree by affinity of any person in the custody of such warden or officer,  |  | Temporary special disqualification  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
All other cases  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

### Title Eight: Crimes against persons

[edit]

Crime  | Aggravating, exempting and mitigating circumstances | Fine is not more than (unless specified)  | Arresto menor | Arresto mayor | Prisión correccional | Prisión mayor | Reclusión temporal | Reclusión perpetua | Death

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Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max
Parricide |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes
Murder |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes
Homicide |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |
Frustrated parricide, murder or homicide  | Same as respective punishments, only that it is one degree lower.
Death caused in a tumultuous affray | If it cannot be ascertained who actually killed the deceased, but the person or persons who inflicted serious physical injuries can be identified  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |
If it cannot be determined who inflicted the serious physical injuries  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Physical injuries inflicted in a tumultuous affray  | If serious physical injuries are inflicted upon the participants thereof and the person responsible thereof cannot be identified  | Same as respective punishments, only that it is one degree lower.
When the physical injuries inflicted are of a less serious nature and the person responsible therefore cannot be identified  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Giving assistance to suicide | If person successfully kills oneself  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |
If a person merely assisted  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |
If person failed in killing oneself  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Discharge of firearms  | Unless it is an attempted or frustrated parricide, murder or homicide  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Infanticide | If committed by mother of the child for the purpose of concealing her dishonor  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If committed by maternal grandparents  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |
All other cases  | Same as parricide or murder
Abortion | If violence upon the person of the pregnant woman was done  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |
If without violence upon and without the consent of the woman  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |
If the woman consented  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unintentional abortion  | If violence was done  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Abortion practiced by the woman herself of by her parents  | If practiced upon herself or consent to another person  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If practiced upon herself to conceal dishonor  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If practiced by her parents for concealing her dishonor  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Abortion practiced by a physician or midwife and dispensing of abortives  | If violence upon the person of the pregnant woman was done  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |
If without violence upon and without the consent of the woman  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |
If the woman consented  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If pharmacist who, without the proper prescription from a physician shall dispense any abortive  | ₱100,000  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dueling | If adversary was killed  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |
If no physical injuries inflicted  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Challenging to a duel  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mutilation | If victim was deprived either totally or partially, or some essential organ of reproduction.  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |
All other cases  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Serious physical injuries | If the injured person shall become insane, imbecile, impotent, or blind  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |
If person injured shall have lost the use of speech or the power to hear or to smell, or shall have lost an eye, a hand, a foot, an arm, or a leg or shall have lost the use of any such member, or shall have become incapacitated for the work  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If the person injured shall have become deformed, or shall have lost any other part of his body, or shall have lost the use thereof, or shall have been ill or incapacitated for the performance of the work  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If the physical injuries inflicted shall have caused the illness or incapacity for labor of the injured person for more than thirty days  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Administering injurious substances or beverages  | Same as serious physical injuries.
Less serious physical injuries  | If the physical injuries inflicted shall have caused the illness or incapacity for labor of the injured person for 10 days or more  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If manifest intent to insult or offend the injured person, or under circumstances adding ignominy to the offense  | ₱50,000  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Inflicted upon the offender's parents, ascendants, guardians, curators, teachers, or persons of rank, or persons in authority  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Slight physical injuries and maltreatment  | If the offender has inflicted physical injuries which shall incapacitate the offended party for labor from one to nine days, or shall require medical attendance  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If it caused physical injuries which do not prevent the offended party from engaging in his habitual work nor require medical assistance[a] | ₱40,000  | Yes, or fine.  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If the offender shall ill-treat another by deed without causing any injury  |  | Yes, or fine  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rape, when offender has carnal knowledge of a woman  | All other cases  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |
If done with a deadly weapon  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes
If victim became insane  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes
If rape is attempted and homicide is committed  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes
If rape and homicide is committed  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes
When the victim is under eighteen (18) years of age and the offender is a parent, ascendant, step-parent, guardian, relative by consanguinity or affinity within the third civil degree, or the common-law spouse of the parent of the victim  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes
When the victim is under the custody of the police or military authorities or any law enforcement or penal institution  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes
When the rape is committed in full view of the spouse, parent, any of the children or other relatives within the third civil degree of consanguinity  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes
When the victim is a religious engaged in legitimate religious vocation or calling and is personally known to be such by the offender  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes
When the victim is a child below seven years old  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes
When the offender knows that he is afflicted with the Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome or any other sexually transmissible disease and the virus or disease is transmitted to the victim  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes
When committed by any member of the Armed Forces of the Philippines or para-military units thereof or the Philippine National Police or any law enforcement agency or penal institution, when the offender took advantage of his position to facilitate the commission of the crime  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes
When by reason or on the occasion of the rape, the victim has suffered permanent physical mutilation or disability  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes
When the offender knew of the pregnancy of the offended party at the time of the commission of the crime  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes
When the offender knew of the mental disability, emotional disorder and/or physical handicap of the offended party  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes
Rape, if inserting his penis into another person's mouth or anal orifice, or any instrument or object, into the genital or anal orifice of another person  | Whenever the rape is committed with the use of a deadly weapon or by two or more persons  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |
When by reason or on the occasion of the rape, the victim has become insane  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |
If rape is attempted and homicide is committed  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |
If rape and homicide is committed  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |
Acts of lasciviousness |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

### Title Nine: Crimes against personal liberty and security

[edit]

Crime  | Aggravating, exempting and mitigating circumstances | Fine is not more than (unless specified)  | Arresto menor | Arresto mayor | Prisión correccional | Prisión mayor | Reclusión temporal | Reclusión perpetua | Death

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Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max
Kidnapping and serious illegal detention  | If committed for the purpose of extorting ransom  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes
All other cases  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes
Slight illegal detention  | If offender released victim within three days of detention, did not attain purpose, and before proceedings against him  | ₱100,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |
All other cases  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |
Unlawful arrest  | ₱100,000  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Kidnapping and failure to return a minor  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Inducing a minor to abandon his home  | If offender is parent of the minor  | ₱40,000  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
All other cases  | ₱100,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Slavery | If purpose is for illegal trafficking  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |
All other cases  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |
Child labor |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Services rendered under compulsion in payment of debt  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Abandonment of person in danger and abandonment of one's own victim  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Abandoning a minor  | If minor died  | ₱100,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If minor was merely in danger  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
All other cases  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Abandonment of minor by person entrusted with his custody  | ₱100,000  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exploitation of minors  | ₱100,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Qualified trespass to dwelling | If committed by violence or intimidation  | ₱200,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
All other cases  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other forms of trespass  | ₱40,000  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Light threats |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other light threats  | ₱40,000  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Grave coercions | ₱100,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Light coercions  | ₱15,000  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other coercions or unjust vexations  | ₱1,000 to ₱40,000  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Compulsory purchase of merchandise and payment of wages by means of tokens | ₱40,000 to ₱100,000  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Formation, maintenance and prohibition of combination of capital or labor through violence or threats | ₱60,000  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Discovering secrets through seizure of correspondence  | If secrets were revealed  | ₱100,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If secrets were not revealed  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revealing secrets with abuse of office  | If secrets were revealed  | ₱100,000  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revelation of industrial secrets  | ₱100,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

### Title Ten: Crimes against property

[edit]

Crime  | Aggravating, exempting and mitigating circumstances | Fine is not more than (unless specified)  | Arresto menor | Arresto mayor | Prisión correccional | Prisión mayor | Reclusión temporal | Reclusión perpetua | Death

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Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max
Robbery with violence against or intimidation of persons  | If the crime of homicide shall have been committed; or when the robbery shall have been accompanied by rape or intentional mutilation or arson  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes
If serious physical injuries have been inflicted  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |
If physical injuries have been inflicted  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |
If light physical injuries have been inflicted  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |
All other cases  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |
Attempted and frustrated robbery  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |
Brigandage | If not acts cannot be punished by higher penalties  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |
If acts can be punished by higher penalties  | The higher penalties will then be followed.
Aiding and abetting a band of brigands  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |
Theft | If value is more than 2,200,000 pesos  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |
If value is more than 1,200,000 pesos but less than 2,200,000 pesos  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |
If value is more than 20,000 pesos but less than 600,000 pesos  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If value is more than 5,000 pesos but less than 20,000 pesos  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If value is more than 500 pesos but less than 5,000 pesos  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If value is less than 500 pesos  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If value is less than 500 pesos, and enter an enclosed estate or a field where trespass is forbidden or which belongs to another and without the consent of its owner  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If value is less than 500 pesos, and if offender under the impulse of hunger, poverty, etc.  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Theft of the property of the National Library and National Museum | ₱40,000 to ₱100,000  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Occupation of real property or usurpation of real rights in property | ₱15,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Altering boundaries or landmarks  | ₱20,000  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fraudulent insolvency | If a merchant  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |
If not a merchant  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |
Swindling (estafa) | If value is more than 4,400,000 pesos  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |
If value is more than 2,400,000 pesos but less than 4,400,000 pesos  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If value is more than 1,200,000 pesos but less than 2,400,000 pesos  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If value is more than 40,000 pesos but less than 1,200,000 pesos  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If value is less than 40,000 pesos  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other forms of swindling  | Not less than the value of damage caused  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Swindling a minor  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other deceits, including fortune-telling | ₱40,000  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Removal, sale or pledge of mortgaged property  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Destructive arson |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |
Other forms of arson  | Varying circumstances  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes
Malicious mischief (property damage) | If damage exceeds 200,000 pesos  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If damage exceeds 40,000 pesos, but less than 200.000 pesos  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If damage is less than 40,000 pesos  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other mischiefs  | If damage exceeds 200,000 pesos  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If damage exceeds 40,000 pesos, but less than 200.000 pesos  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If damage is less than 40,000 pesos, or if it cannot be estimated  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Damage and obstruction to means of communication  | If it caused an accident  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |
All other cases  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Destroying or damaging statues, public monuments or paintings | Destroy or damage statues or any other useful or ornamental public monument  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Destroy or damage any useful or ornamental painting of a public nature  | ₱40,000  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

### Title Eleven: Crimes against chastity

[edit]

Crime  | Aggravating, exempting and mitigating circumstances | Fine is not more than (unless specified)  | Suspension or disqualification  | Arresto menor | Arresto mayor | Prisión correccional | Prisión mayor | Reclusión temporal | Reclusión perpetua | Death

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Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max
Adultery |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Concubinage | If the husband  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If the concubine  | The penalty shall be destierro
Qualified seduction | All other cases  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If seduced his sister or descendant  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Simple seduction  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Acts of lasciviousness with the consent of the offended party  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corruption of minors | If a public officer  |  | Temporary absolute disqualification  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |
All other cases  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
White slave trade |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |
Forcible abduction |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |
Consented abduction  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

### Title Twelve: Crimes against civil status of persons

[edit]

Crime  | Aggravating, exempting and mitigating circumstances | Fine is not more than (unless specified)  | Suspension or disqualification  | Arresto menor | Arresto mayor | Prisión correccional | Prisión mayor | Reclusión temporal | Reclusión perpetua | Death

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Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max
Simulation of births, substitution of one child for another and concealment or abandonment of a legitimate child | If physician or public officer  | ₱200,000  | Temporary special disqualification  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |
All other cases  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Usurpation of civil status | If done with the intent to defraud the offended part  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |
All other cases  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Bigamy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |
Marriage contracted against provisions of laws  | If either of the contracting parties shall obtain the consent of the other by means of violence, intimidation or fraud  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
All other cases  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Premature marriages  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

### Title Thirteen: Crimes against honor

[edit]

Crime  | Aggravating, exempting and mitigating circumstances | Fine is not more than (unless specified)  | Arresto menor | Arresto mayor | Prisión correccional | Prisión mayor | Reclusión temporal | Reclusión perpetua | Death

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Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max
Libel means by writings or similar means  | ₱40,000 to ₱1,200,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Threatening to publish libelous statements and offer to present such publication for a compensation | ₱40,000 to ₱400,000  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prohibited publication of acts referred to in the course of official libel proceedings  | ₱40,000 to ₱200,000  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Slander | If of insulting nature  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Not of insulting nature  | ₱20,000  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Slander by deed  | If of serious nature  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Not of serious nature  | ₱20,000  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Incriminating innocent person  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Intriguing against honor  | ₱20,000  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

### Title Fourteen: Quasi-offenses (criminal negligence)

[edit]

Crime  | Aggravating, exempting and mitigating circumstances | Fine is not more than (unless specified)  | Arresto menor | Arresto mayor | Prisión correccional | Prisión mayor | Reclusión temporal | Reclusión perpetua | Death

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Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max  | Min  | Med  | Max
Imprudence and negligence | If intentional act caused a grave felony  |  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If imprudent act caused a grave felony  |  |  |  |  | Yes  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If act caused damage to property  | An amount equal to the value of said damages to 3 times such value  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
If imprudent act caused some wrong, and if done maliciously, would have been a light felony[a] | ₱40,000  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

### Title Fifteen: Final provisions

[edit]

This includes provisions on crimes committed prior to the code to be applied under the laws at that time, and a repealing clause.

### Other penalties

[edit]

* Qualified bribery: If any public officer is entrusted with law enforcement and he refrains from arresting or prosecuting an offender who has committed a crime punishable by reclusión perpetua and/or death in consideration of any offer, promise, gift or present, he shall suffer the penalty for the offense which was not prosecuted.
* If it is the public officer who asks or demands such gift or present, he shall suffer the penalty of death.
* Corruption of public officials: The same penalties on the person corrupted except those of disqualification and suspension, shall be imposed upon any person who shall have made the offers or promises or given the gifts or presents as described in the preceding articles. (Chapter 2, Section 2.)
* Death or physical injuries inflicted under exceptional circumstances
* Any legally married person who having surprised his spouse in the act of committing sexual intercourse with another person, shall kill any of them or both of them in the act or immediately thereafter, or shall inflict upon them any serious physical injury, shall suffer the penalty of destierro.
* If he shall inflict upon them physical injuries of any other kind, he shall be exempt from punishment.
* Dueling, if causing injury, will be treated as if it's a normal crime (as serious physical injuries or assault)
* Grave threats: The penalty next lower in degree than that prescribed by law for the crime be threatened to commit, if the offender shall not have attained his purpose, the penalty lower by two degrees shall be imposed.

1. ^ a b c d The penalty also includes public censure.

## Amendments

[edit]

The code has been amended and repealed multiple times:

* Commonwealth Act No. 616, criminalized espionage
* Republic Act No. 10, criminalized usurpation of public authority
* Republic Act No. 1700, outlawed the Communist Party of the Philippines and its successors (later repealed by Republic Act No. 7636)
* Republic Act No. 3019, created the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act
* Republic Act No. 4200, criminalized wiretapping
*   * Republic Act No. 6425, criminalized illegal drugs (later amended by Republic Act No. 9165, otherwise known as the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002)
* Republic Act No. 6539, criminalized carnapping (later amended by Republic Act No. 10883, otherwise known as the New Anti-Carnapping Act of 2016)
* Presidential Decree No. 90, criminalized rumor-mongering
* Presidential Decree No. 449, regulated cockfights
* Presidential Decree No. 483, criminalized sports betting, point shaving, match fixing and the like
* Presidential Decree No. 519, outlawed pinball machines
* Presidential Decree No. 532, criminalized highway robbery
* Presidential Decree No. 749, granted immunity to givers of bribes
* Presidential Decree No. 818, increased penalties for estafa
* Presidential Decree No. 1602, increased penalties for illegal gambling (later amended by Republic Act No. 9287)
* Presidential Decree No. 1613, amended the law on arson
* Presidential Decree No. 1866, regulated firearms (later amended by Republic Act No. 10591, otherwise known as the Comprehensive Firearms and Ammunition Regulation Act)
* Republic Act No. 6968, criminalized coup d'etats
* Republic Act No. 8353, amended the law on rape and increased the penalties for it
* Republic Act No. 9208, established the Intellectual Property Office
* Republic Act No. 9262, criminalized violence against women and their children
* Republic Act No. 9287, criminalized human trafficking (later expanded by Republic Act No. 10364, otherwise known as the Expanded Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2012)
* Republic Act No. 9372 or the Human Security Act, criminalized terrorism (later amended by Republic Act No. 11479, otherwise known as the "Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020")
* Republic Act No. 9851, criminalized crimes against international humanitarian law, genocide and crimes against humanity
* Republic Act No. 10158, decriminalized vagrancy
* Republic Act No. 10175, criminalized acts in cyberspace via the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012
* Republic Act No. 10592, amended the law on increasing the good conduct time allowance for prisoners (this remained controversial after the near-release of former Calauan, Laguna mayor Antonio Sanchez, the mastermind in the June 1993 rape-slay of UPLB college student Mary Eileen Sarmenta and killing of her companion Allan Gomez)
* Republic Act No. 10951, updated the values of damages in certain crimes, and the value of fines

## See also

[edit]

* Philippine legal codes
* List of Philippine laws

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "The Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972". The Corpus Juris. March 30, 1972. Retrieved December 5, 2016.
2. ^ a b "Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002". The Corpus Juris. June 7, 2002. Retrieved December 5, 2016.
3. ^ a b c "Act No. 3815 - The Revised Penal Code". The Corpus Juris. December 8, 1930. Retrieved December 9, 2015.
4. ^ a b "The Anti-Rape Law of 1997". The Corpus Juris. September 30, 1997. Retrieved December 9, 2015.
5. ^ a b "Republic Act No. 7659 : AN ACT TO IMPOSE THE DEATH PENALTY ON CERTAIN HEINOUS CRIMES, AMENDING FOR THAT PURPOSE THE REVISED PENAL LAWS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES". The Corpus Juris. December 13, 1993.
6. ^ "An Act Prohibiting the Imposition of the Death Penalty in the Philippines". The Corpus Juris. June 24, 2006. Retrieved December 5, 2016.
7. ^ Salaverria, Leila B. (September 1, 2017). "Stiffer fines, penalties under Revised Penal Code". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
8. ^ Amended from 30 years to 40 years by Republic Act No. 7659.[5]
9. ^ "Act No. 3815 - AN ACT REVISING THE PENAL CODE AND OTHER PENAL LAWS. - Supreme Court E-Library". elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph. Archived from the original on May 3, 2024. Retrieved January 12, 2025.

## External links

[edit]

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

Full text of the original Revised Penal Code (Act No. 3815)

* Act No. 3815
* Act No. 3815, December 08, 1930
* Republic Act No. 10951
* REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10951, August 29, 2017