Rick Rubin

American record producer (born 1963)

For other people with similar names, see Richard Rubin.

Rick Rubin

Rubin in 2006

Background information
Birth name| Frederick Jay Rubin
Also known as|

* DJ Double R
* The Loudness King

Born|  (1963-03-10) March 10, 1963 (age 62)
Long Beach, New York, U.S.
Origin| Hempstead, New York, U.S.
Genres|

* Hip-hop
* rock
* heavy metal
* country
* pop

Occupations|

* Record producer
* record executive

Years active| 1981–present
Labels|

* Def Jam
* American
* Columbia
* Warner Bros.

Signature

Frederick Jay Rubin (/ˈruːbɪn/, ROO-bin; born March 10, 1963) is an American record producer. He is a co-founder of Def Jam Recordings, founder of American Recordings, and former co-president of Columbia Records.

Rubin helped popularize hip hop by producing records for pioneering acts such as LL Cool J, the Beastie Boys, Run-DMC, Public Enemy and Geto Boys. He has also produced hit records for acts from a variety of other genres, such as pop (Kesha, Adele, Ed Sheeran, Lady Gaga), heavy metal (Danzig, Metallica, Slayer), alternative rock (The Cult, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Rage Against the Machine, the Strokes, Weezer), hard rock (Audioslave, AC/DC, Aerosmith), nu metal (Linkin Park, System of a Down, Slipknot), and country (Johnny Cash, The Avett Brothers, the Chicks, Tyler Childers). He also worked with Kid Rock in 2010 for his album Born Free.

In 2007, Rubin was called "the most important producer of the last 20 years" by MTV[1] and was named on Time's 2007 list of the "100 Most Influential People in the World".[2]

## Early life

[edit]

Frederick Jay Rubin was born into a Jewish family in Long Beach, New York, on March 10, 1963,[3] the son of housewife Linda and shoe wholesaler Michael Rubin.[4] He grew up in Lido Beach. While a student at Long Beach High School, Rubin befriended the school's audiovisual department director, who gave him a few lessons in guitar playing and songwriting.[5] He then played in a band with three friends, performing at garage gigs and school shows until a teacher helped him create a punk band called the Pricks. Their biggest claim to fame was being thrown off the stage at CBGB after performing two songs due to brawling with hecklers. This turn of events was actually instigated by friends of the band who had been instructed to do so to get the show shut down and create a buzz.[6] Although he had no authority in New York City, his father traveled to Manhattan wearing his Long Beach auxiliary police uniform as he attempted to "shut down" the show.[citation needed]

## Career

[edit]

See also: Rick Rubin production discography

### Def Jam

[edit]

Rubin founded Def Jam Recordings while in college at New York University.[7] He moved on to form the band Hose, influenced by San Francisco's Flipper, where he played guitar. In 1982, a Hose track became Def Jam's first release, a 45 rpm 7" vinyl single in a brown paper bag, and no label.[8] The band played in and around the NYC punk scene, toured the Midwest and California, and played with seminal hardcore bands like Meat Puppets, Hüsker Dü, Circle Jerks, Butthole Surfers, and Minor Threat, becoming friends with Fugazi frontman and Dischord Records owner Ian MacKaye. The band broke up in 1984 as Rubin's passion moved toward the NYC hip hop scene.[8]

Having befriended Zulu Nation's DJ Jazzy Jay, Rubin began to learn about hip hop production. By 1983, the two had produced "It's Yours" for Bronx rapper T La Rock, and released it on Def Jam. Producer Arthur Baker helped to distribute the record worldwide on Baker's Streetwise Records in 1984. Jazzy Jay introduced Rubin to concert promoter/artist manager Russell Simmons in the Negril club, and Rubin explained he needed help getting Def Jam off the ground. Simmons and Rubin edged out Jazzy Jay and the official Def Jam record label was founded while Rubin was attending New York University in 1984. Its first release was LL Cool J's "I Need a Beat". Rubin went on to find more hip-hop acts outside the Bronx, Brooklyn, and Harlem, including rappers from Queens, Staten Island, and Long Island, which eventually led to Def Jam's signing of Public Enemy. Rubin was instrumental in pointing the members of the Beastie Boys away from their punk roots and into rap, resulting in Kate Schellenbach's departure from the group.[9] The Beastie Boys' 1985 "Rock Hard"/"Party's Gettin' Rough"/"Beastie Groove" EP came out on the success of Rubin's production work with breakthrough act Run-DMC, of which previous recordings were produced by Simmons and Orange Krush's musician Larry Smith. His productions were characterized by occasionally fusing rap with heavy rock. Rubin tapped Adam Dubin and Ric Menello to co-direct the videos for the Beastie Boys' "(You Gotta) Fight for Your Right (To Party!)" and "No Sleep till Brooklyn", effectively launching the band's mainstream hip hop career.[10][11]

It was the idea of Rubin's friend Sue Cummings, an editor at Spin magazine, to have Run-DMC and Aerosmith collaborate on a cover of Aerosmith's "Walk This Way". This 1986 production is often credited with both introducing rap hard rock to mainstream ears and revitalizing Aerosmith's career.[12] In 1986, he worked with Aerosmith again on demos for their forthcoming album, but their collaboration ended early and resulted in only rough studio jams. In the same year, Rubin began his long musical partnership with Slayer, producing Reign in Blood, considered a classic of the heavy metal genre. This was his first work with a metal band.

In 1987, the Cult released its pivotal third album, Electric. Produced by Rubin, the album remains one of the Cult's trademark and classic works. Rubin worked with the Cult again on the 1992 single "The Witch". He is credited as music supervisor for the film Less than Zero and as the producer of its soundtrack. Rubin portrayed a character based on himself in the 1985 hip-hop motion picture Krush Groove, which was inspired by the early days of Simmons's career as an artist manager and music producer. He then directed and co-wrote (with Ric Menello) a second Run–DMC film, Tougher Than Leather in 1988.[citation needed][13]

In 1988, Rubin and Simmons went their separate ways after Rubin had a falling out with then Def Jam president Lyor Cohen. Rubin left for Los Angeles to start Def American Records, while Simmons remained at Def Jam in New York. In Los Angeles, Rubin signed a number of rock and heavy metal acts, including Danzig, Masters of Reality, the Four Horsemen, and Wolfsbane, as well as alternative rock group the Jesus and Mary Chain and stand-up comedian Andrew Dice Clay. Though Rubin's work at this time focused mainly on rock and metal, he still retained a close association with rap, signing the Geto Boys and continuing to work with Public Enemy, LL Cool J, and Run-DMC.[14][15][16]

### American Recordings

[edit]

Rubin had originally given his new label the name "Def American Recordings". In 1993, he found that the word "def" had been accepted into the standardized dictionary and held an actual funeral for the word, complete with a casket, grave, celebrity mourners, and a eulogy by Al Sharpton.[4][17] Def American became American Recordings. Rubin has said: "When advertisers and the fashion world co-opted the image of hippies, a group of the original hippies in San Francisco literally buried the image of the hippie. When 'def' went from street lingo to mainstream, it defeated its purpose."[18]

The first major project on the renamed label was Johnny Cash's American Recordings (1994), a record including six cover songs and new material written by others for Cash at Rubin's request. The album was a critical and commercial success, and helped revive Cash's career after a fallow period. The formula was repeated for five more Cash albums: Unchained (on which Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers served as the backing band), Solitary Man, The Man Comes Around (the last album released before Cash's death), A Hundred Highways, and Ain't No Grave. The Man Comes Around earned a 2003 Grammy for Best Male Country Vocal Performance ("Give My Love to Rose") and a nomination for Best Country Collaboration with Vocals ("Bridge over Troubled Water" with Fiona Apple). Rubin introduced Cash to Nine Inch Nails' "Hurt", and the resulting cover version of it on The Man Comes Around became a defining song of Cash's later years. Rubin also produced two of Joe Strummer's final songs, "Long Shadow", a song Strummer wrote for Cash to record although he never did, and a cover of Bob Marley's "Redemption Song". Both were released on Strummer's final album, Streetcore, which was released after his death. Rubin also produced a version of "Redemption Song" with Strummer and Cash together, which was featured in Cash's posthumous box set, Unearthed.

Rubin has also produced a number of records with other artists, which were released on labels other than American. Arguably his biggest success as a producer came from working with the Red Hot Chili Peppers, with whom Rubin produced six studio albums from 1991 to 2011, starting with the band's fifth release, Blood Sugar Sex Magik, which launched the band to mainstream success thanks to the hit singles "Give It Away" and "Under the Bridge". Other albums include One Hot Minute, Californication, By the Way, Stadium Arcadium and I'm With You. The six albums with the Chili Peppers also spawned 12 number-one singles on the Billboard Alternative Songs chart, a record the band as of 2015 still holds. It also received various award nods including 16 Grammy nominations (with six wins), and a Producer of the Year Grammy award for 2006's Stadium Arcadium, which was also nominated for Album of the Year. The band has sold over 80 million albums worldwide, most of which are the Rubin-produced albums. Various members of the Chili Peppers have also been used on other projects by Rubin, John Frusciante featured on Johnny Cash and Chad Smith featured on the Chicks. After 24 years of working with Rubin, the band announced in late 2014 that it would be working with Danger Mouse on its 11th studio album. Rubin returned to the role of producer for the band's two albums released in 2022, seven months apart from one another: Unlimited Love and Return of the Dream Canteen. Again these two albums both featured no.1 singles on the Alternative Songs chart.

Rubin also produced Mick Jagger's 1993 Wandering Spirit album, Lords of Acid's 1994 Voodoo-U album, Tom Petty's 1994 Wildflowers, AC/DC's 1995 Ballbreaker, Donovan's 1996 Sutras, System of a Down's 1998 Self-titled album, and Metallica's 2008 Death Magnetic. In 2005, Rubin executive-produced Shakira's two-album project Fijación Oral, Vol. 1 and Oral Fixation, Vol. 2. He was to appear on the Talib Kweli's album Eardrum,[19] Clipse's album Til the Casket Drops[20] and Lil Jon's album Crunk Rock.[21] Rubin also produced the Jay-Z track "99 Problems", and was featured in the song's video. He also worked with Eminem on the song and music video "Berzerk".

Rubin produced Black Sabbath's 2013 album 13[22] and Billy Corgan's comeback solo album Ogilala.

### Universal Records

[edit]

In 2003 Rubin produced The Mars Volta debut album De-Loused in the Comatorium.

### Columbia

[edit]

In May 2007, Rubin was named co-head of Columbia Records. He co-produced Linkin Park's 2007 album Minutes to Midnight with Mike Shinoda. Rubin and Shinoda have since co-produced the band's 2010 album A Thousand Suns and its 2012 release Living Things.

In 2007, Rubin won the Grammy Award for Producer of the Year, Non-Classical for his work with the Chicks, Michael Kranz, Red Hot Chili Peppers, U2, Green Day, and Johnny Cash released in 2006.[23] Rubin won the award again in 2009, for production work for Metallica, Neil Diamond, Ours, Jakob Dylan, and Weezer in 2008.

In 2007 and 2012, Rubin won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year. The former was for his work on the Chicks album Taking the Long Way and the latter came for his contribution to Adele's album 21.

### Post-Columbia

[edit]

Rubin left Columbia in 2012, and revived the American Recordings imprint through a deal with Republic Records. The first albums released under this new deal were ZZ Top's La Futura and the Avett Brothers' The Carpenter.[24]

Rubin attempted to record a cover album with Crosby, Stills & Nash in 2012, but the brief sessions were unsuccessful. Graham Nash called the sessions "irritable" and "not a great experience".[25]

In July 2021, Rubin signed with Endeavor Content to further develop his home studio, Shangri-La Recording Studios.[26]

## Other work

[edit]

Rubin has a chapter giving advice in Tim Ferriss's book Tools of Titans, and often gives advice on creativity via his Instagram page.[27]

In 2021 he co-starred in the six-part documentary miniseries McCartney 3,2,1 which explores the career of Paul McCartney.[28]

Rubin's debut book, published on January 17, 2023, by Penguin Press, is The Creative Act: A Way of Being. It is a nonfiction work about creativity. He said, "I set out to write a book about what to do to make a great work of art. Instead, it revealed itself to be a book on how to be."[29][30]

In 2023, he started hosting a podcast titled "Tetragrammaton" on Apple Podcasts, which mainly featured interviews.[31]

## Production style

[edit]

### Praise

[edit]

Rubin's biggest trademark as a producer has been a "stripped-down" sound, which involves eliminating production elements such as string sections, backup vocals, and reverb, and instead having naked vocals and bare instrumentation. But by the 2000s, Rubin's style[32] included such elements, as noted in The Washington Post: "As the track reaches a crescendo and [Neil] Diamond's portentous baritone soars over a swelling string arrangement, Rubin leans back, as though floored by the emotional power of the song."[33]

Of Rubin's production methods, Dan Charnas, a music journalist who worked as vice president of A&R (Artists & Repertoire) and marketing at American Recordings in the 1990s, said, "He's fantastic with sound and arrangements, and he's tremendous with artists. They love him. He shows them how to make it better, and he gets more honest and exciting performances out of people than anyone."[33] Natalie Maines of the Chicks has praised his production methods, saying, "He has the ability and the patience to let music be discovered, not manufactured. Come to think of it, maybe he is a guru."[34] Producer Dr. Dre has said that Rubin is "hands down, the dopest producer ever that anyone would ever want to be, ever".[35]

Despite having never worked with Rubin,[36] British band Muse praised him for his "hands off" approach to production and credited him as an influence on its first self-produced album, The Resistance.[36] The album's lead single, "Uprising", was named UK Single of the Year at the 2010 Music Producers Guild Awards, and Muse frontman Matt Bellamy while accepting the award said, "I'd like to thank John Leckie for teaching us how to produce and Rick Rubin for teaching us how not to produce."[37] The statement was initially interpreted as a criticism of Rubin,[38] but Bellamy later clarified it was meant as a self-deprecating comment on the band's similarly "hands-off" attitude to production.[36]

### Loudness war

[edit]

Since at least 1999, listeners have criticized Rubin for contributing to a phenomenon in music known as the loudness war, in which the dynamic range of recorded music is compressed and sometimes clipped in order to increase the general loudness. Albums Rubin produced that have been criticized for such treatment include:

* Californication by the Red Hot Chili Peppers (1999) – Tim Anderson of The Guardian criticized its "excessive compression and distortion",[39] and Stylus Magazine said it suffered from so much digital clipping that "even non-audiophile consumers complained about it".[40]
* Death Magnetic by Metallica (2008)[41] – a remixed/remastered version of the entire album was released as downloadable content for the video game Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock. Songs that are used in rhythm games such as Guitar Hero and Rock Band are always remixed/remastered by the game studios, despite that this edition of the album was released for gameplay instead of casual listening, fans have said that the mix of Death Magnetic found on the game is preferred because it consequently is not subject to the same level of compression as the official commercially released record.[42][43][44]
* 13 by Black Sabbath (2013) – Ben Ratliff of The New York Times said, "The new Black Sabbath album was produced by Rick Rubin, who some believe to be a prime offender in the recent history of highly compressed and loudly mastered music – a major cause of ear fatigue ... 13 is mastered loudly, too ... Your ears aren't given room to breathe."[45] Jon Hadusek of Consequence of Sound wrote, "Rubin ... deserves disparagement for the way he mixed the audio levels, which are crushed by distortion and compression. Otherwise well-recorded songs are blemished, an affliction all too pervasive in the modern music industry".[46]

## Personal life

[edit]

Rubin has practiced Buddhism and meditation since he was 14 years old.[47][48] He also has a preference for going barefoot for spiritual reasons.[49]

Rubin lives in Malibu, California. He is married to Mourielle Hurtado Herrera, a former actress and model turned farmer. They have a son who was born in 2017.[50]

Rubin was a vegan for over 20 years, but later began eating meat again.[51] He is a fan of professional wrestling and held season tickets to WWE events at Madison Square Garden throughout the 1970s and 1980s. He has cited wrestlers Roddy Piper and Ric Flair as influences on his work, and has said that villainous wrestlers were hugely influential in the development of the Beastie Boys' public image. He financially backed wrestling promoter Jim Cornette's company Smoky Mountain Wrestling from 1991 to 1995.[52]

## Filmography

[edit]

Year | Title | Role | Notes

|
|
|

1985 | Krush Groove | Himself | Actor
1987 | "(You Gotta) Fight for Your Right (To Party!)" | Beastie Boys music video
1987 | "Rhymin & Stealin"
1988 | Tougher Than Leather | Vic Ferrante | Writer, Director, Actor
1990 | Men Don't Leave | Craig | actor
1991 | Funky Monks | Himself | Documentary
2004 | Fade to Black
2004 | "99 Problems" | Jay-Z music video
2005 | "Twisted Transistor" | Korn music video
2006 | Dixie Chicks: Shut Up and Sing | Documentary
2006 | iTunes Originals – Red Hot Chili Peppers | Virtual album
2007 | Runnin' Down a Dream | Documentary
2007 | The Making of Minutes to Midnight
2010 | The Meeting of a Thousand Suns
2012 | Inside Living Things
2013 | Sound City
2013 | "Berzerk" | Eminem music video
2013 | Making 13 | Documentary
2014 | Foo Fighters: Sonic Highways | Documentary series
2016 | I Am Johnny Cash | Documentary
2017 | Oh, Vita! Making an Album
2017 | May It Last: A Portrait of the Avett Brothers
2017 | "Seven Sticks of Dynamite"[53] | Awolnation music video
2018 | My Next Guest Needs No Introduction with David Letterman | 1 episode
2019 | Shangri-La | Documentary series
2021 | McCartney 3,2,1
2021 | Tom Petty, Somewhere You Feel Free | Documentary[54]
2023 | Circus Maximus | Actor

## Discography

[edit]

Main article: Rick Rubin production discography

## Published work

[edit]

* Rick Rubin, The Creative Act: A Way of Being, Penguin Random House, 432 pages, ISBN 9780593652886, 2023[55]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ What's Up With That Bearded Guy From The '99 Problems' Video? Archived October 18, 2015, at the Wayback Machine – MTV.com
2. ^ "The 2007 TIME 100". Time. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
3. ^ "BBC Radio 4 - Desert Island Discs, Rick Rubin, music producer". BBC. Retrieved October 23, 2022.
4. ^ a b Hirschberg, Lynn. "The Music Man" Archived March 18, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times Magazine, September 2, 2007.
5. ^ Winik, Marion (March 2, 2023). "Rick Rubin talks about 'The Creative Act,' growing up on LI". Newsday. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
6. ^ "Rick Rubin Meets Zane Lowe". BBC. June 16, 2014. Archived from the original on June 17, 2014. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
7. ^ "How LL Cool J's career was launched from a college dorm room at NYU". CBS News. January 15, 2023. Retrieved March 22, 2023.
8. ^ a b Lamb, Bill. "Rick Rubin". ThoughtCo. Archived from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
9. ^ Rude Boys Archived March 1, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Amos Barshad, New York magazine 2011 5, retr 2012 Oct
10. ^ Kaufman, Gil (March 4, 2013). "Beastie Boys Video Director Ric Menello Dead at 60". MTV.com. Archived from the original on April 3, 2014. Retrieved March 17, 2013.
11. ^ Hogan, Marc (March 5, 2013). "Ric Menello, Beastie Boys Video Director, Dies at 60". Spin Magazine. Archived from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved March 17, 2013.
12. ^ Hirschberg, Lynn (September 2, 2007). "Rick Rubin – Recording Industry – Rock Music". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 18, 2017. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
13. ^ Rubin, Rick, director. Tougher Than Leather. New Line Cinema, 1988, archive.org/details/tougher-than-leather-1988. Accessed 12 July 2023. (3:56 - 4:05)
14. ^ "Rick Rubin | Music". The Guardian. Archived from the original on March 28, 2014. Retrieved February 18, 2014.
15. ^ "Rick Rubin – Top 11 Hip-Hop Producers of All-Time". UGO.com. October 23, 2008. Archived from the original on February 23, 2014. Retrieved February 18, 2014.
16. ^ Lincoln, Kevin. "THE AGE OF RICK RUBIN: He Made Half The Records You've Ever Bought And Billions For The Music Industry". Business Insider. Retrieved May 8, 2022.
17. ^ Seidenberg, Rob (September 10, 1993). "The Death of Def". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on February 22, 2014. Retrieved February 18, 2014.
18. ^ Hirchberg, Lynn. The Music Man. The New York Times Magazine, September 2, 2007.
19. ^ "Talib Kweli's New Single: 'Listen'". June 7, 2006. Archived from the original on October 18, 2015. Retrieved July 29, 2010.
20. ^ "Clipse/Rick Rubin Collaboration Actually Happening – Pitchfork". pitchfork.com. February 25, 2009. Archived from the original on December 28, 2017. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
21. ^ "Lil Jon Merging Crunk And Rock on Next Album". Billboard. Archived from the original on July 9, 2018. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
22. ^ "Reunited Black Sabbath to headline". NME. November 11, 2011. Archived from the original on January 17, 2012. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
23. ^ TYRANGIEL, Josh (February 8, 2007). "Rick Rubin: Hit Man". Time Magazine. Archived from the original on February 12, 2007. Retrieved February 25, 2007.
24. ^ Jem Aswad (August 22, 2012). "Exclusive: Rick Rubin Brings American Recordings to Universal Republic". Billboard.biz. Billboard. Archived from the original on October 8, 2012. Retrieved October 11, 2012.
25. ^ "Graham Nash Says CSN Sessions With Rick Rubin Were Contentious". Rolling Stone. July 26, 2012. Archived from the original on August 20, 2014. Retrieved August 19, 2014.
26. ^ Schneider, Michael (July 15, 2021). "Rick Rubin Pacts With Endeavor Content to Expand His Recording Studio Into Film and TV". Variety. Retrieved February 22, 2022.
27. ^ Jensen, Christian (February 1, 2021). "Why you NEED to Follow Rick Rubin on Instagram". The Creativity Boost. Archived from the original on February 1, 2021. Retrieved February 26, 2021.
28. ^ "'McCartney 3,2,1' First Trailer Arrives In Front Of Songwriter's Series Debut". Deadline Hollywood. July 9, 2021.
29. ^ "Rick Rubin: Def Jam founder and producer announces debut book". The Guardian. February 11, 2022. Retrieved October 23, 2022.
30. ^ "The Creative Act by Rick Rubin — a self-help manual to unleash the musical artist within". Financial Times. January 10, 2023. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
31. ^ "Rick Rubin - Audio Biography". Apple Podcasts. 2024. Retrieved September 9, 2024.
32. ^ Jones, Lucy (August 1, 2013). "12 Reasons Why Rick Rubin's An Almighty Badass – NME". NME. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
33. ^ a b The 'Song Doctor' Is In Archived December 28, 2017, at the Wayback Machine – Washington Post
34. ^ Maines, Natalie (May 3, 2007). "The Time 100". Time. Archived from the original on August 29, 2008.
35. ^ Why A Music Producer Holds The Key To Unlocking Growth At Your Startup Archived December 28, 2017, at the Wayback Machine – Forbes
36. ^ a b c "Chris Moyles meets Muse". YouTube. Radio X. March 19, 2018. Retrieved April 24, 2023.
37. ^ Paul Stokes (February 11, 2010). "Muse thank Rick Rubin for teaching them 'how not to produce' at Music Producers Guild Awards". NME. Retrieved April 24, 2023.
38. ^ Helienne Lindvall (February 12, 2010). "Muse slate producer Rick Rubin at awards ceremony | Music". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on June 29, 2013. Retrieved February 18, 2014.
39. ^ Anderson, Tim (January 17, 2007). "How CDs are remastering the art of noise". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on May 20, 2007. Retrieved April 20, 2007.
40. ^ "Californication Sound Quality". Stylus Magazine. Archived from the original on June 12, 2006. Retrieved June 25, 2007.
41. ^ "Was the Metallica album too loud for you?". The Guardian. September 17, 2008. Archived from the original on November 16, 2019. Retrieved November 16, 2019.
42. ^ Daniel Kreps (September 18, 2008). "Fans Complain After Death Magnetic Sounds Better on Guitar Hero Than CD | Music News". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on February 9, 2014. Retrieved February 18, 2014.
43. ^ "The WIRED Guide to Music in the Modern World | Underwire". Wired. March 28, 2013. Archived from the original on February 12, 2014. Retrieved February 18, 2014.
44. ^ Sean Michaels (September 17, 2008). "Metallica album sounds better on Guitar Hero videogame | Music". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on October 30, 2013. Retrieved February 18, 2014.
45. ^ Ratliff, Ben (June 7, 2013). "Black Sabbath's New Album, '13'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 13, 2013. Retrieved June 13, 2013.
46. ^ Hadusek, Jon (June 11, 2013). "Album Review: Black Sabbath – 13". Consequence of Sound. Archived from the original on June 11, 2013. Retrieved June 13, 2013.
47. ^ "Rick Rubin on a Lifetime of Meditation and Music". Rolling Stone. February 28, 2014.
48. ^ Rubin, Rick (August 30, 2024). "Connected Detachment (Possibility)". Tricycle: The Buddhist Review. Retrieved April 24, 2025.
49. ^ Creativity, According to Rick Rubin
50. ^ Volner, Ian (April 18, 2017). "Music Producer Rick Rubin's Malibu Oasis". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved February 22, 2022.
51. ^ "Rick Rubin: Legendary Music Producer | Lex Fridman Podcast #275". YouTube. April 10, 2022.
52. ^ "Rick Rubin: How Roddy Piper Turned the Beastie Boys Bad". rollingstone.com. April 20, 2015. Archived from the original on July 4, 2017. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
53. ^ "Rick Rubin Stars in AWOLNATION's 'Seven Sticks of Dynamite' Video". Paper. December 6, 2017. Retrieved January 21, 2023.
54. ^ "Tom Petty Somewhere You Feel Free". IMDb.
55. ^ The Creative Act A WAY OF BEING By Rick Rubin Penguin Random House

## External links

[edit]

Rick Rubin at Wikipedia's sister projects

* Media from Commons
* Quotations from Wikiquote
* Data from Wikidata

* Rick Rubin at IMDb
* Rick Rubin discography at MusicBrainz
* Originally from Mix Magazine Archived February 28, 2015, at the Wayback Machine

* v
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Def Jam Recordings

* Discography

Founders|

* Russell Simmons
* Rick Rubin

Subsidiaries|

* ARTium Records
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* v
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Grammy Award for Producer of the Year, Non-Classical

1970s|

* Thom Bell (1975)
* Arif Mardin (1976)
* Stevie Wonder (1977)
* Peter Asher (1978)
* Bee Gees (Barry Gibb, Maurice Gibb & Robin Gibb), Albhy Galuten & Karl Richardson (1979)

1980s|

* Larry Butler (1980)
* Phil Ramone (1981)
* Quincy Jones (1982)
* Toto (1983)
* Michael Jackson & Quincy Jones (1984)
* James Anthony Carmichael & Lionel Richie / David Foster (1985)
* Phil Collins & Hugh Padgham (1986)
* Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis (1987)
* Narada Michael Walden (1988)
* Neil Dorfsman (1989)

1990s|

* Peter Asher (1990)
* Quincy Jones (1991)
* David Foster (1992)
* Brian Eno & Daniel Lanois / L.A. Reid & Babyface (1993)
* David Foster (1994)
* Don Was (1995)
* Babyface (1996–1998)
* Rob Cavallo (1999)

2000s|

* Walter Afanasieff (2000)
* Dr. Dre (2001)
* T Bone Burnett (2002)
* Arif Mardin (2003)
* The Neptunes (2004)
* John Shanks (2005)
* Steve Lillywhite (2006)
* Rick Rubin (2007)
* Mark Ronson (2008)
* Rick Rubin (2009)

2010s|

* Brendan O'Brien (2010)
* Danger Mouse (2011)
* Paul Epworth (2012)
* Dan Auerbach (2013)
* Pharrell Williams (2014)
* Max Martin (2015)
* Jeff Bhasker (2016)
* Greg Kurstin (2017–2018)
* Pharrell Williams (2019)

2020s|

* Finneas O'Connell (2020)
* Andrew Watt (2021)
* Jack Antonoff (2022–2024)
* Dan Nigro (2025)

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