Rif Dimashq offensive (August–November 2014)

Syrian Army offensive

Rif Dimashq offensive (August–November 2014)

Part of the Syrian Civil War (Rif Dimashq Governorate campaign)
| Date| 29 August – 22 November 2014
(2 months, 3 weeks and 3 days)

|

Location|

Damascus, Syria

Result|

Syrian government victory

* Army captures Heteta al-Jersh,[5] Adra, Tal Kurdi, Al-Rayhan, the al-Alia farms,[6] Wadi ‘Ayn Tarma,[7] Hosh Al-Farah, Al-Mayda'a,[8] Balaa Al-Jadeeda and most of Jobar[9]
* Army recaptures al-Dukhaniyya and Kabbasa after temporarily losing them[10][11][12]
* Army fails to completely secure Zabdin which continued to be contested

Belligerents

Free Syrian Army
UMCEG

* Jaysh al-Islam

Al-Nusra Front[1]|

Syrian Arab Republic

* Syrian Armed Forces

Hezbollah[2]
PFLP-GC[3]
Usud al-Cherubim[4]
Commanders and leaders
Khaled al-Haboush
(Damascus Military Council commander)
Abu Mohammad al-Golani
(Al-Nusra Front leader)
Zahran Alloush[13]
(Jaysh al-Islam leader)|  Unknown
Units involved
Unknown|

Syrian Armed Forces

* Syrian Army
* 4th Armoured Division[3]
* Republican Guard
* 105th Mechanized Brigades[3]
* Lionesses of Defense Armored Battalion[citation needed]
* National Defence Forces

Strength
30,000|  ~25,000
Casualties and losses
678 killed (government and rebel claims)[citation needed]|  175 killed (government and rebel claims)[citation needed]

* v
* t
* e

Syrian civil war

Timeline

* Background and causes
* Casualties
* Cities
* map
* Terrorism
* Massacres

* v
* t
* e

Civil uprising in Syria (March–August 2011)

* Daraa
* Baniyas
* Homs (May–August 2011)
* Talkalakh
* Rastan and Talbiseh
* 1st Jisr ash-Shughur
* 1st Jabal al-Zawiya
* Hama
* Latakia

* v
* t
* e

Start of insurgency (Sept. 2011 – April 2012)

* Homs (2011–14)
* 1st Homs offensive
* 1st Idlib Gov.
* Syrian–Turkish border
* Jabal al-Zawiya
* 1st Idlib City
* Saraqib
* 1st Rastan
* Hama Gov.
* Shayrat & Tiyas ambush
* Daraa Gov.
* 1st Rif Dimashq
* 1st Zabadani
* Douma
* Deir ez-Zor (2011–2014)
* Hatla
* Aleppo Gov.
* Azaz
* 2nd Rastan
* 1st al-Qusayr
* 2nd Idlib Gov.
* Taftanaz

* v
* t
* e

UN ceasefire; Rebel advances (May 2012 – Dec. 2013)

* 3rd Rastan
* Houla
* 1st Northern Homs
* Al-Haffah
* Al-Qubeir
* Al-Tremseh
* 3rd Idlib Gov.
* 1st Damascus
* Bombing
* 1st Aleppo city
* Anadan
* Menagh Air Base
* Base 46
* Khan al-Assal
* 1st Aleppo offensive
* 2nd Aleppo offensive
* Syrian Kurdistan and Kurdish–Islamist conflict
* Hasaka campaign
* Ras al-Ayn
* al-Yaarubiyah
* Tell Hamis and Tell Brak
* Tell Abyad
* Nubl & Al-Zahraa
* 2nd Rif Dimashq (1st Darayya)
* Abu al-Duhur Airbase
* Quneitra Gov.
* 3rd Rif Dimashq
* 1st Yarmouk camp
* 2nd Darayya
* Darayya & Muadamiyat
* Aqrab
* 1st Hama offensive
* Halfaya
* 1st Safira
* Shadadeh
* 2nd Damascus
* 1st Raqqa campaign (1st Raqqa)
* 1st Daraa offensive
* 4th Rif Dimashq
* Jdaidet al-Fadl
* Tadamon
* Ghouta
* 2nd al-Qusayr
* 3rd al-Qusayr
* Eastern Ghouta
* 2nd Hama offensive
* Bayda and Baniyas
* 1st Latakia offensive
* Ma'loula
* Sadad
* 5th Rif Dimashq
* 1st Qalamoun
* Adra

* v
* t
* e

Rise of ISIS in 2014

* Inter-rebel conflict
* Northern Aleppo
* Markada
* 1st Deir ez-Zor offensive
* al-Otaiba ambush
* Maan
* Hosn
* Morek
* 2nd Daraa offensive
* 2nd Latakia offensive
* 4th Idlib Gov.
* Al-Malihah
* 2nd Wadi Deif
* 2nd Qalamoun
* Arsal
* Deir ez-Zor (2014–2017)
* 1st Shaer gas field
* 1st Eastern Syria
* Tabqa Airbase
* 3rd Hama offensive
* 6th Rif Dimashq
* 1st Quneitra
* 1st Kobanî

* v
* t
* e

U.S.-led intervention, Rebel and ISIL advances (Sept. 2014 – Sept. 2015)

* U.S.-led intervention
* Homs school bombing
* 3rd Daraa offensive
* 2nd Safira
* 2014 Idlib city raid
* Nusra–FSA conflict
* 2nd Shaer gas field
* 1st Al-Shaykh Maskin
* 2nd Deir ez-Zor offensive
* 3rd Aleppo offensive
* An-26 crash
* 4th Daraa offensive
* Southern Syria
* Eastern al-Hasakah offensive
* 1st Sarrin
* Hama/Homs offensive
* Bosra
* 5th Idlib Gov
* 2nd Idlib city
* Al-Fu'ah-Kafriya
* Nasib
* 2nd Yarmouk camp
* 1st Northwestern Syria
* 3rd Qalamoun
* 1st Palmyra
* Western al-Hasakah offensive
* 1st Al-Hasakah city
* Tell Abyad
* Daraa/As-Suwayda
* 2nd Quneitra
* 2nd Sarrin
* 5th Daraa
* 2nd Al-Hasakah city
* 2nd Kobanî
* 4th Aleppo offensive
* 2nd Zabadani
* 2nd Palmyra
* Al-Ghab
* 1st al-Qaryatayn
* Douma market
* 7th Rif Dimashq
* Kuweires offensive

* v
* t
* e

Russian intervention (Sept. 2015 – March 2016)

* Russian intervention
* 3rd Quneitra
* 2nd Northwestern Syria
* 3rd Latakia offensive
* Su-24 shootdown
* 5th Aleppo offensive
* al-Hawl
* 2nd Homs offensive
* 6th Aleppo offensive
* 4th Hama offensive
* Tell Tamer
* Tishrin Dam
* 2nd Al-Shaykh Maskin
* al-Qamishli bombings
* Orontes River
* 3rd Deir ez-Zor offensive
* 1st Sayyidah Zaynab
* 7th Aleppo offensive
* 1st Ithriyah-Raqqa
* Al-Shaddadi
* Homs bombings
* 2nd Sayyidah Zaynab
* Khanasir
* 2nd Tel Abyad
* Al-Tanf
* 2nd Al-Qaryatayn
* 3rd Palmyra
* 2nd Maarat al-Nu'man

* v
* t
* e

Aleppo escalation and Euphrates Shield (March 2016 – February 2017)

* 8th Aleppo offensive
* 6th Daraa
* 9th–11th Aleppo offensives
* Al-Dumayr
* 1st East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict
* 1st Qamishli
* Aleppo bombings
* 8th Rif Dimashq
* 3rd Shaer gas field
* Northern Raqqa
* Jableh & Tartus
* Manbij
* Tokhar
* 2nd Ithriyah-Raqqa
* 9th Rif Dimashq
* 12th–14th Aleppo offensives
* 12th
* 13th
* 14th
* 4th Latakia offensive
* 1st Abu Kamal
* 3rd Qamishli
* Atmeh
* al-Rai
* 3rd Al-Hasakah City
* Operation Euphrates Shield
* Northern al-Bab
* Dabiq
* al-Bab
* 5th Hama offensive
* 1st Western al-Bab
* 1st Eastern Qalamoun
* September bombings
* 4th Quneitra
* Deir ez-Zor airstrike
* Aleppo aid convoy attack
* 15th Aleppo offensive
* Khan al-Shih
* 1st Idlib inter-rebel conflict
* 2nd Western al-Bab
* 16th Aleppo offensive
* 2nd Raqqa campaign
* 17th Aleppo offensive
* 4th Palmyra
* Wadi Barada
* 1st Syrian Desert
* Azaz bombings
* 5th Palmyra
* 4th Deir ez-Zor offensive
* 18th Aleppo offensive
* 2nd Idlib inter-rebel conflict
* 7th Daraa
* Qaboun
* 8th Daraa

* v
* t
* e

Collapse of the Islamic State in Syria (Feb. – Nov. 2017)

* Eastern Homs offensive
* al-Jina mosque
* 6th Hama offensive
* Tabqa
* Khan Shaykhun
* US Shayrat strike
* Aleppo bus bombing
* April 2017 Turkish airstrikes
* 2nd East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict
* 2nd Syrian Desert
* Maskanah
* East Hama
* 2nd Raqqa
* 9th Daraa
* Southern Raqqa
* Iranian Deir ez-Zor strike
* Ja'din
* Jobar
* 5th Quneitra
* Central Syria
* 3rd Idlib inter-rebel conflict
* 4th Qalamoun
* Deir ez-Zor (2017–2019)
* 2nd Eastern Syria
* Deir ez-Zor city
* Euphrates Crossing
* Mayadin
* 2nd Abu Kamal
* 7th Hama offensive

* v
* t
* e

Rebels in retreat and Operation Olive Branch
(Nov. 2017 – Sep. 2018)

* 3rd Northwestern Syria
* Eastern Syria insurgency
* Atarib
* Harasta
* Beit Jinn
* 3rd Syrian Desert
* 5th Deir ez-Zor offensive
* 1st Southern Damascus
* Olive Branch
* Afrin
* SDF insurgency
* Khasham
* Feb 2018 Israel–Syria incident
* 10th Rif Dimashq (Douma)
* 4th Idlib inter-rebel conflict
* 2nd Southern Damascus
* U.S.-led missile strikes
* 2nd Northern Homs
* 2nd Eastern Qalamoun
* 3rd Southern Damascus
* Deir ez-Zor SAA-SDF clashes
* House of Cards
* 1st As-Suwayda
* 2nd Southern Syria
* 2nd As-Suwayda
* 3rd As-Suwayda
* 2nd Qamishli

* v
* t
* e

Idlib demilitarization
(Sep. 2018 – April 2019)

* Idlib demilitarization
* 5th Idlib inter-rebel conflict
* 1st Israeli missile strikes
* 2nd Iranian strike
* Northern border clashes
* Daraa insurgency
* Manbij bombing
* Baghuz Fawqani
* U.S. airstrike

* v
* t
* e

First Idlib offensive, Operation Peace Spring, & Second Idlib offensive (April 2019 – March 2020)

* 4th Northwestern
* Tell Rifaat
* Raqqa & Azaz
* Hass
* 2nd Israeli missile strikes
* Peace Spring (2nd Ras al-Ayn)
* Kayla Mueller
* Northern bombings
* 3rd Israeli missile strikes
* Qah
* 5th Northwestern
* Balyun
* Spring Shield
* 2nd U.S. missile strikes
* 10th Daraa

* v
* t
* e

Idlib ceasefire (March 2020 – Nov. 2024)

* 6th Idlib inter-rebel conflict
* Ayn Issa
* Qamishli & Al-Hasakah
* 4th Israeli missile strikes
* 3rd Qamishli
* 11th Daraa
* 7th Idlib inter-rebel conflict
* 3rd Al-Hasakah city
* 1st Aleppo inter-rebel conflict
* Jabal al-Bishrī
* 2nd Aleppo inter-rebel conflict
* Claw-Sword
* Northwestern clashes
* 3rd U.S. missile strikes
* 2nd Northern clashes
* Deir ez-Zor clashes
* 3rd Northern clashes
* Homs drone strike
* Israel–Hezbollah conflict (Iranian consulate airstrike)
* February 2024 airstrikes
* Anti-Turkish riots

* v
* t
* e

Opposition offensives and Assad overthrown (Nov. – Dec. 2024)

* Opposition offensives
* 2nd Aleppo city
* Hospital strike
* 8th Hama offensive
* 19th Aleppo offensive
* 6th Deir ez-Zor offensive
* 3rd Homs offensive
* 6th Palmyra
* 2nd Manbij
* Al-Mustariha strike
* 3rd Southern Syria
* 3rd Damascus
* Fall of the Assad regime

* v
* t
* e

Transitional government and SNA–SDF conflict (Dec. 2024 – present)

* Israeli invasion of Syria
* 3rd Kobani
* 20th Aleppo offensive
* Western clashes

* v
* t
* e

Syrian War spillover and international incidents

* Lebanon spillover
* Lebanese–Syrian border
* Sidon
* Iranian embassy bombing
* North Lebanon clashes

* * *

* Syrian–Turkish border incidents
* Turkish F4 shootdown
* Reyhanlı bombings
* Turkish occupation of northern Syria
* Kurdish riots

* * *

* Jordanian–Syrian border incidents

* * *

* Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line
* February 2018 incident
* May 2018 incident

* * *

* Iraqi–Syrian border incidents
* Akashat
* al-Shabah
* Western Nineveh
* Western Iraq

* * *

* Spillover in Iran
* 2017 Tehran attacks
* 2017 Deir ez-Zor missile strike
* 2024 Iranian airstrikes in Syria

* * *

* Spillover in Turkey
* Russian Su-24 shootdown
* Andrei Karlov
* Balyun airstrikes
* Kafr Takharim airstrikes

* * *

* Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict

* * *

* * *

* Spillover in Europe

* v
* t
* e

Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war

Foreign intervention on behalf of Syrian Arab Republic

* Russian involvement
* Iranian intervention
* 2017 missile strike
* 2012 Hezbollah involvement

Foreign intervention in behalf of Syrian rebels

* Foreign rebel fighters
* Turkish involvement
* Turkey–Islamic State conflict
* Tomb of Suleyman Shah relocation
* Euphrates Shield
* 2017 airstrikes
* Idlib Governorate operation
* Afrin operation
* 2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria
* Israel's role

U.S.-led intervention against ISIL

* US intervention
* Timeline
* List of attacks
* 2014 rescue operation
* May 2015 raid
* 2017 missile strikes
* Qatari involvement
* Jordanian intervention
* Operation Martyr Muath
* Lebanon's role
* Saudi involvement
* April 2018 missile strikes
* Dutch involvement
* German intervention
* French intervention
* Australian intervention
* UK intervention

* v
* t
* e

Rif Dimashq campaign
(Syrian civil war)

* 1st Rif Dimashq
* 1st Zabadani
* 1st Douma
* 1st Damascus
* MID bombing
* 2nd Rif Dimashq
* 1st Darayya
* 3rd Rif Dimashq
* 2nd Darayya
* Darayya & Muadamiyat
* 1st Yarmouk
* 2nd Damascus
* 4th Rif Dimashq
* Eastern Ghouta
* Jdaidet al-Fadl
* Ghouta
* Ma'loula
* 5th Rif Dimashq
* 1st Qalamoun
* Adra
* Al-Otaiba
* Al-Malihah
* 2nd Qalamoun
* Arsal
* 6th Rif Dimashq
* 2nd Yarmouk
* 3rd Qalamoun
* 2nd Zabadani
* 2nd Douma
* 7th Rif Dimashq
* Sayyidah Zaynab
* Al-Dumayr
* 8th Rif Dimashq
* 1st East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict
* 9th Rif Dimashq
* 1st Eastern Qalamoun
* Khan al-Shih
* Wadi Barada
* 1st Syrian Desert
* Qaboun
* 2nd East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict
* 2nd Syrian Desert
* Jobar
* 4th Qalamoun
* Harasta
* Beit Jinn
* 1st Southern Damascus
* 10th Rif Dimashq
* Douma
* 2nd Southern Damascus
* 2nd Eastern Qalamoun
* 3rd Southern Damascus

The Rif Dimashq offensive (August–November 2014) was a Syrian Army offensive in the Rif Dimashq Governorate, that was launched in late August 2014, as part of the Syrian Civil War.

## Offensive

[edit]

The capture of the town of Al-Malihah by the Syrian Army in mid-August 2014, was followed by an Army push in Jobar later that month. Some 150 rebels were killed during an Army offensive supported by airstrikes on 29 August.[14][15] Dozens more were killed after the government carried out 25 airstrikes on the neighbourhood on 2 September.[16]

Army and Hezbollah troops also captured the town of Heteta al-Jersh, east of Al-Malihah, after days of heavy fighting.[17]

On 7 September, clashes erupted around al-Dokhania, in an attempt by government forces to re-gain control of al-Dokhania, which was taken over by the al-Nusra Front a day earlier as it killed no less than 40 regular soldiers in the area.[18] The next day, fighting in al-Dokhania left 10 rebels dead amid the Army counter-attack. The rebel attack on al-Dokhania was seen as an attempt to ease the pressure on other nearby rebel-held areas which had been coming under an Army attack in previous days.[19]

On 23 September, the SAA unleashed an offensive which led to the capture of the Steel Factory, the ‘Adra Petrol Station, the Detergent Plant, the chemical factory and the ‘Adra Bakery. According to a military source, two of the leaders of Jabhat Al-Islamiyya were killed during the battle. 102 rebels were killed, while the Army and NDF suffered 48 dead.[20]

On 25 September, government forces took full control of Adra al-Omalia (Adra Industrial Sector).[21] Two days later, government troops pressed their offensive and captured the Adra al Balad Area,[22] thus the Army captured all of Adra.[5] 27 rebels died during the day, while 38 surrendered.[23] 73 soldiers were killed during the battle for the town.[24]

On 28 September, the Army recaptured al-Dukhaniyya, ending the rebels' bid to relieve pressure on the Jobar front.[10][25]

On 29 September, the situation in the al-Dukhaniyya area remained fluid,[26] while the Army captured Al-Suwan and was fighting for Tal Kurdi as they advanced towards Douma.[12] 16 al-Nusra Front fighters were killed in the clashes on the outskirts of al-Dukhaniyya during the day. The next day, fighting continued in the Tal Kurdi and al-Qatari farmlands on the outskirts of Douma.[27]

On 6 October, the Army fully secured the al-Dukhaniyya[28] as it continued the offensive against Douma.[29]

On 8 October, a government source reported the military captured the town of Al-Rayhan, near Douma.[30] This was partially confirmed by the SOHR when it reported, two days later, ongoing clashes in the area with advances by government forces.[31] According to a military source, 53 rebels were killed.[32]

On 11 October, the Republican Guard captured Wadi Ayn Tarma (Ayn Tarma valley) in East Ghouta.[7][33] According to a military source, nearly 180 Jaysh Al-Islam fighters were killed during the one-month siege of the area, including their top commander. The use of bunker buster bombs by the Air Force was reportedly the deciding factor in the fighting since they exposed and obstructed the rebel’s underground supply routes which forced the rebels to retreat and the Republican Guard was able to cross the Baradi river.[34] This brought government forces to the edge of the rebel-held town of Ayn Tarma.[citation needed]

By this time,[35] government forces had also secured Tal Kurdi, Al-Rayhan and the al-Alia farms. This opened the Damascus-Baghdad road and effectively cut all rebel military and relief supplies to Douma.[6]

As of 13 October, according to Al-Masdar News, the Syrian Army controlled 70% of Jobar and was advancing towards Parliament Square.[34] The next day, they reported the Army had secured 75% of Jobar and was attacking rebel positions at the Maysaloun Roundabout.[36] 15 rebels were killed in the fighting in Jobar, near al-Zablatani.[37]

On 16 October, rebels launched a counter-attack against the Army's rear flank in Jobar and advanced past the Old Cemetery before the military managed to regroup, repulse their attack and recover lost ground, according to Al-Masdar News. At least 23 rebels and 12 soldiers were killed in the fighting.[38]

On 19 October, the Syrian Army fully captured the Zamalka bridge in the Jobar district which resulted in the loss of multiple supply lines for the rebels in Jobar.[39] The same day, the Syrian Army secured a tunnel network which served as a supply line for the rebels in Jobar.[40]

On 20 October, government troops in Jobar were reinforced with newly trained special forces members.[41]

On 28 October, the Army captured the villages of Hosh Al-Farah and Al-Mayda’a. According to a military source, 42 rebels and 13 soldiers were killed in the fighting.[42][8] Two days later, the Syrian Army also took over the eastern hub of Jobar, leaving the rebels only in control of the Al-Manasher Roundabout and Parliament Square.[9] On 1 November, fighting in the Hosh Al-Farah area 30 rebels were killed.[43] During this time, dozens of people reportedly entered the al-Qadam area after an agreement was reached between the government and rebels through mediation.[44]

On 6 November, government troops captured the farm area of Balaa Al-Jadeeda,[45] east of Mliha, thus completing the encirclement of the town of Zabdin.[46] Four days later, the Army entered Zabdin from the northeast, following the capture of the farm area southeast of Heteta al-Jersh, and heavy fighting ensued.[47] Clashes also occurred in Der al-Asafir.[48]

On 17 November, the Army captured the Tal Al-Rayhan hill, southwest of Al-Rayhan, breaking a brief rebel siege of the village.[49]

On 22 November, the Army captured Zabdin,[50] or at least a part of it. The fighting left 12 soldiers dead.[51] In the afternoon, an opposition counter-attack was launched resulting in the rebels recapturing some parts of the town before they were pushed back. 40 rebels were killed.[52][49] Later that night, over 25 soldiers were reportedly killed in a rebel ambush in the Zabdin area which forced government forces to pull back from the area.[53] A pro-government source denied the retreat,[54] although it was later confirmed rebels had recaptured the western part of the town.[55]

## Aftermath – December clashes

[edit]

In early December, fighting continued in Zabdin with troops from the 4th Division reportedly managing to breach rebel defenses in the western part of Zabdin and entering it.[55]

Fighting also intensified in Darayya where the military captured four city blocks, but the situation overall was that both sides were competing in a tireless battle to regain territory.[56] A week later, an opposition source reported that the rebels reversed the Army's gains in the town.[57] On 10 December, the pro-opposition news agency ARA claimed the military imposed their control on Darayya, but it was not independently confirmed.[58]

In mid-December, a military source reported that the 105th Brigade of Republican Guards had the east district of Jobar under complete fire control and that approximately 800 rebels were trapped inside the city district with almost no ways to retreat.[59]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Yezdani, İpek (2 September 2012). "Rebels fighting against al-Assad rule fragmented, disorganized in Syria" (PDF). Hürriyet Daily News. Retrieved 22 September 2012.
2. ^ "Syrie: l'armée et le Hezbollah reprennent une nouvelle localité près de Damas - L'Orient-Le Jour". Lorientlejour.com. 2013-10-16. Retrieved 2013-11-27.
3. ^ a b c "A Comprehensive Update from the Rif Dimashq Governorate". Al Masdar News. 3 December 2014. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
4. ^ Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi (14 December 2016). "Usud Al-Cherubim: A Pro-Assad Christian Militia". Syria Comment. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
5. ^ a b "Syrian Army Liberates 'Adra; Civilians Rescued from Jaysh Al-Islam". Al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
6. ^ a b As Syrian army closes in, Douma residents turn against rebels
7. ^ a b "Rif Dimashq Province". Facebook. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
8. ^ a b "Syrian Army Captures 2 Villages in the East Ghouta". Al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 28 October 2014. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
9. ^ a b "Jobar Military Operations Reaching Final Stages; Jaysh Al-Islam Infiltrates into Hawash Al-Farah". Al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 30 October 2014. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
10. ^ a b "Rif Dimashq Province 28-09-2014". Facebook. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
11. ^ @ejmalrai (28 September 2014). "#Syria: Dokhaniya falling into #SAA hand. Very weird: Adraa + Adraa Ummaliyah and now Kabbasa and Dokhaniya. #JAN and #IF r pulling out 1/" (Tweet). Retrieved 25 October 2014 - via Twitter.
12. ^ a b @ejmalrai (29 September 2014). "It seems Tal-al-Kurdy will fall after Al-Suwan around #Duma by #SAA and #Hezbollah forces in #Syria" (Tweet). Retrieved 25 October 2014 - via Twitter.
13. ^ "Syrian army captures Al-Maliha". Al-Monitor. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
14. ^ Сирийская армия уничтожила 150 боевиков в пригороде Дамаска (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 29 August 2014. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
15. ^ "Syria army fights fiercely against rebels in Jobar". Xinhua. 29 August 2014. Archived from the original on August 30, 2014. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
16. ^ "'Unprecedented' regime strikes on Syria rebel Jubar district". The Daily Star. 2 September 2014. Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
17. ^ "Reef Dimashq province". Facebook. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
18. ^ "Reef Dmahq province". Facebook. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
19. ^ "Syria regime forces launch offensive against rebel-held Dukhaniyeh, near Damascus: monitor". ABC News. 8 September 2014. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
20. ^ Leith Fadel. "Battle Map of Adra; The Village Immersed in Bloodshed". Al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
21. ^ "Reef Dimashq province: rose to 29, the... - Syrian Observatory for Human Rights". Facebook. SOHR. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
22. ^ "Rif Dimashq Province: The regime army... - Syrian Observatory for Human Rights - Facebook". Facebook. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
23. ^ Leith Fadel. "Syrian Army Liberates 'Adra; Civilians Rescued from Jaysh Al-Islam". Al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 19 October 2014. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
24. ^ Leith Fadel. "Battle Map Update and Analysis: East Ghouta". Al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
25. ^ "Breaking: Al-Dakhaniyya has been Liberated; 'Ayn Tarma and Jobar Next". Al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 28 September 2014.
26. ^ "Syrian Army pushes ahead in Adra". The Daily Star. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
27. ^ "Rif Dimashq Province 30-09-2014". Facebook. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
28. ^ "Syria army seizes strategic area outside Damascus". Archived from the original on 9 October 2014. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
29. ^ "Syrian army closes in on Douma after Adra victory". Al-Monitor. 6 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
30. ^ @PetoLucem (8 October 2014). "Loy.s: #SAA /#NDF captured the town of Al-#Rayhan near the insurgent stronghold #Duma. #Ghouta #Damascus #Syria" (Tweet). Retrieved 25 October 2014 - via Twitter.
31. ^ "SOHR". Facebook. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
32. ^ Leith Fadel. "Syrian Republican Guard Liberates Al-Rayhan; Liberation of Jobar is Coming". Al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
33. ^ Leith Fadel. "Syrian Army Liberates Vital City in the East Ghouta". Al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
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