Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul

Municipality in South, Brazil

Rio Grande

Municipality

Municipality of Rio Grande

Flag

Seal

Nickname:

Noiva do mar (Bride of the Sea)

Rio Grande

Location in Brazil

Coordinates: 32°02′06″S 52°05′55″W﻿ / ﻿32.03500°S 52.09861°W﻿ / -32.03500; -52.09861
Country|  Brazil
Region| South
State|  Rio Grande do Sul
Founded| 1737
Incorporated| 1835
Government

• Mayor| Fábio Branco (MDB)
Area

• Total

| 2,709.53 km2 (1,046.16 sq mi)
Elevation

| 6 m (20 ft)
Population

(2022[1])

• Total

| 191,900
• Density| 71/km2 (180/sq mi)
Time zone| UTC−3 (BRT)
Postal code|

96500

Area code| (+55) 53
HDI (2010)| 0.744 – high[2]
Website| www.riogrande.rs.gov.br

Rio Grande (lit. 'Great River') is a municipality (município) and one of the oldest cities in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. It was the state capital from 1835 to 1845. It is the most important port city in the state and has one of the most important maritime ports in Brazil.

The city is named after a nearby channel which indirectly connects the Lagoa dos Patos, to the northeast, and Lagoa Mirim, to the west, with the Atlantic Ocean. The municipality is bordered by Santa Vitória do Palmar on the south and Pelotas on the north, which lies across the São Gonçalo Channel.

The city built up its wealth over the course of its long history of strong industrial movements. Today it is still one of the richest cities in Rio Grande do Sul, mainly because of its port, the second busiest in Brazil, and its refinery, which processes Ipiranga petroleum.

The city is served by Rio Grande Airport.

## History

[edit]

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|

A schooner in Lagoa dos Patos, in a municipal fair named Festa do Mar.

The history of Rio Grande is as old as the history of the whole region. It was explored by Portuguese sailors led by Martim Afonso de Sousa who sought fortified places along the southern Brazilian coast for a defense against the French corsairs. He discovered the tributary which indirectly connects the Lagoa dos Patos and Lagoa Mirim to the Atlantic Ocean and called the place Rio Grande de São Pedro (lit. 'Large River of St. Peter').

In 1669, the Portuguese established a colony further down the South American coastline along the Río de la Plata, which they called Colônia do Sacramento. With the first permanent Portuguese settlement in the region, livestock was introduced and began to spread far and wide over the territory. With the new settlers, the Portuguese decided to make a church-sanctioned settlement and, in 1736, created the Freguesia de São Pedro which covered what is today all of Uruguay and Rio Grande do Sul.

The city of Rio Grande was founded in 1737 by Brigadier General José da Silva Pais and his men to defend Portugal's territory. The Jesus Maria e José Fort was constructed, which was built on the site of the future city. The fort was transformed into a town when colonists from the Azores and Madeira arrived in the 1750s. In 1751, the growing colony became the Village of Rio Grande de São Pedro. In 1760, Rio Grande de São Pedro, which was formerly governed from Santa Catarina became its own captaincy, a type of administrative division.

In 1763 the village was occupied by the Spanish. After constant disputes, Portugal reconquered the village in 1776, thanks to the actions of General Rafael Pinto Bandeira. However, when the fortress was taken by Spanish troops, many families fled to Viamão and established around its port the city of Porto Alegre.

During the Ragamuffin War, Rio Grande became a city and the province's capital all at once. In 1835, revolutionary General Bento Gonçalves da Silva forced Antônio Rodrigues Fernandes Braga, the provincial president, to flee from Porto Alegre to Rio Grande, a journey of about 200 km. The city remained the province's seat of government until the revolution's end in 1845.

## Geography

[edit]

Pier stretching into the Lagoa dos Patos from the Ilha dos Marinheiros

Rio Grande, as the name suggests, is a littoral city, which boasts what many call the longest beach in the world — Praia do Cassino. This beach is approximately 250 km (160 mi) of uninterrupted Atlantic coastline. The entire municipality lies at a very low altitude — at its highest point only 10 meters (33 feet) above sea level. Additionally, the city, which is surrounded by water, sinks about one centimeter every year.

The city is named after its 24-mile long tidal channel which indirectly mingles the waters of the Lagoa dos Patos and Lagoa Mirim with the Atlantic Ocean. The largest and most populous island in the Lagoa dos Patos is the Ilha dos Marinheiros, which is part of the municipality.

For the most part, Rio Grande is made up of fields of low and herbaceous vegetation, characteristic of the Uruguayan savanna. There are also planted trees, mostly eucalyptus and pine. Sand dunes are found all up and down the coastline.

The municipality contains part of the Taim Ecological Station.[3]

### Climate

[edit]

The climate of Rio Grande is humid subtropical and mild, with a strong oceanic influence and relatively cool winters, warm summers and regular precipitation all year. The average temperature in the city is 18.3 °C (64.9 °F) and the average annual precipitation is 1,207 mm (47.5 in). The hottest month is January, with an average temperature of 23.6 °C (74.5 °F). The coldest month is July, with an average temperature of 12.9 °C (55.2 °F), but due to intense winds in the city, the wind chill temperature frequently drops to 6 °C (43 °F).

Climate data for Rio Grande (1981–2010 normals, extremes 1931–present)

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Record high °C (°F)  | 41.2
(106.2)  | 39.3
(102.7)  | 37.6
(99.7)  | 35.4
(95.7)  | 30.6
(87.1)  | 29.3
(84.7)  | 31.4
(88.5)  | 32.5
(90.5)  | 35.3
(95.5)  | 34.1
(93.4)  | 35.1
(95.2)  | 39.6
(103.3)  | 41.2
(106.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)  | 27.8
(82.0)  | 27.5
(81.5)  | 26.7
(80.1)  | 24.0
(75.2)  | 20.5
(68.9)  | 17.7
(63.9)  | 16.8
(62.2)  | 18.3
(64.9)  | 19.2
(66.6)  | 21.8
(71.2)  | 24.2
(75.6)  | 26.6
(79.9)  | 22.6
(72.7)
Daily mean °C (°F)  | 23.4
(74.1)  | 23.2
(73.8)  | 22.5
(72.5)  | 19.3
(66.7)  | 15.8
(60.4)  | 13.1
(55.6)  | 12.5
(54.5)  | 13.7
(56.7)  | 15.0
(59.0)  | 17.7
(63.9)  | 19.8
(67.6)  | 21.1
(70.0)  | 18.2
(64.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)  | 19.9
(67.8)  | 19.4
(66.9)  | 19.1
(66.4)  | 15.6
(60.1)  | 12.3
(54.1)  | 9.6
(49.3)  | 9.2
(48.6)  | 10.2
(50.4)  | 11.6
(52.9)  | 14.5
(58.1)  | 16.4
(61.5)  | 18.5
(65.3)  | 14.7
(58.5)
Record low °C (°F)  | 9.0
(48.2)  | 9.7
(49.5)  | 7.5
(45.5)  | 4.2
(39.6)  | 1.6
(34.9)  | −0.5
(31.1)  | −0.6
(30.9)  | 0.0
(32.0)  | −0.1
(31.8)  | 5.1
(41.2)  | 5.7
(42.3)  | 8.0
(46.4)  | −0.6
(30.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches)  | 98.9
(3.89)  | 128.6
(5.06)  | 90.9
(3.58)  | 118.4
(4.66)  | 114.6
(4.51)  | 114.0
(4.49)  | 125.7
(4.95)  | 122.1
(4.81)  | 113.6
(4.47)  | 98.1
(3.86)  | 95.5
(3.76)  | 86.2
(3.39)  | 1,306.6
(51.44)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 8  | 8  | 8  | 8  | 8  | 8  | 8  | 8  | 9  | 8  | 7  | 7  | 95
Average relative humidity (%)  | 79.7  | 80.2  | 80.7  | 82.1  | 85.3  | 86.1  | 85.4  | 84.5  | 83.1  | 80.6  | 79.1  | 77.9  | 82.1
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 243.7  | 205.6  | 212.1  | 175.2  | 161.5  | 132.9  | 141.8  | 154.0  | 162.7  | 189.4  | 222.6  | 251.7  | 2,253.2
Source: INMET[4][5]

## Sport

[edit]

The two local association football clubs SC Rio Grande, Brazil's oldest active football club,[6] and SC São Paulo, a former Serie A team, compete the derby known as Rio-Rita.[7] Both are previous one-time state champions, in 1936 and 1933 respectively.

Further information: Corsários Rugby Clube

## Sister city

[edit]

* Águeda, Portugal

## See also

[edit]

* List of municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul

## References

[edit]

1. ^ IBGE 2022
2. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 8, 2014. Retrieved August 1, 2013.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
3. ^ Unidade de Conservação: Estação Ecológica do Taim (in Portuguese), MMA: Ministério do Meio Ambiente, retrieved 2016-04-23`{{citation}}`: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
4. ^ "NORMAIS CLIMATOLÓGICAS DO BRASIL 1981-2010" (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. December 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
5. ^ "NORMAIS CLIMATOLÓGICAS DO BRASIL 1961-1990" (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. November 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
6. ^ Paglia, Ernesto (2011). "Rio Grande (RS)". O Diário de Bordo do JN no Ar (in Portuguese). São Paulo: Editora Globo. pp. 288–289\. ISBN 978-85-250-1842-7.
7. ^ "Esporte: Rio Grande vence o Rio-Rita e é líder da Chave 2" (in Portuguese). Diário Popular. April 14, 2008. Archived from the original on May 18, 2019. Retrieved June 15, 2009.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rio Grande (Rio Grande do Sul).

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Rio Grande (Rio Grande do Sul).

* (in Portuguese) Virtual Rio Grande
* (in Portuguese) Ilha dos Marinheiros
* (in Portuguese) Rio Grande Port
* (in Portuguese) Rio Grande Federal University – FURG

* v
* t
* e

Municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul

Capital: Porto Alegre

Mesoregion Centro Ocidental Rio-Grandense

| Restinga Seca|

* Agudo
* Dona Francisca
* Faxinal do Soturno
* Formigueiro
* Ivorá
* Nova Palma
* Restinga Seca
* São João do Polêsine
* Silveira Martins

|

Santa Maria|

* Cacequi
* Dilermando de Aguiar
* Itaara
* Jaguari
* Mata
* Nova Esperança do Sul
* Santa Maria
* São Martinho da Serra
* São Pedro do Sul
* São Sepé
* São Vicente do Sul
* Toropi
* Vila Nova do Sul

Santiago|

* Capão do Cipó
* Itacurubi
* Jari
* Júlio de Castilhos
* Pinhal Grande
* Quevedos
* Santiago
* Tupanciretã
* Unistalda

Mesoregion Centro Oriental Rio-Grandense

| Cachoeira do Sul|

* Cachoeira do Sul
* Cerro Branco
* Novo Cabrais
* Pantano Grande
* Paraíso do Sul
* Passo do Sobrado
* Rio Pardo

|

Lajeado-Estrela|

* Arroio do Meio
* Bom Retiro do Sul
* Boqueirão do Leão
* Canudos do Vale
* Capitão
* Colinas
* Coqueiro Baixo
* Cruzeiro do Sul
* Doutor Ricardo
* Encantado
* Estrela
* Fazenda Vilanova
* Forquetinha
* Imigrante
* Lajeado
* Marques de Souza
* Muçum
* Nova Bréscia
* Paverama
* Pouso Novo
* Progresso
* Relvado
* Roca Sales
* Santa Clara do Sul
* Sério
* Tabaí
* Taquari
* Teutônia
* Travesseiro
* Vespasiano Correa
* Westfália

Santa Cruz do Sul|

* Arroio do Tigre
* Candelária
* Estrela Velha
* Gramado Xavier
* Herveiras
* Ibarama
* Lagoa Bonita do Sul
* Mato Leitão
* Passa Sete
* Santa Cruz do Sul
* Segredo
* Sinimbu
* Sobradinho
* Vale do Sol
* Venâncio Aires
* Vera Cruz

Mesoregion Metropolitana de Porto Alegre

| Camaquã|

* Arambaré
* Barra do Ribeiro
* Camaquã
* Cerro Grande do Sul
* Chuvisca
* Dom Feliciano
* Sentinela do Sul
* Tapes

|

Gramado-Canela|

* Canela
* Dois Irmãos
* Gramado
* Igrejinha
* Ivoti
* Lindolfo Collor
* Morro Reuter
* Nova Petrópolis
* Picada Café
* Presidente Lucena
* Riozinho
* Rolante
* Santa Maria do Herval
* Taquara
* Três Coroas

Montenegro|

* Alto Feliz
* Barão
* Bom Princípio
* Brochier
* Capela de Santana
* Feliz
* Harmonia
* Linha Nova
* Maratá
* Montenegro
* Pareci Novo
* Poço das Antas
* Portão
* Salvador do Sul
* São José do Hortêncio
* São José do Sul
* São Pedro da Serra
* São Sebastião do Caí
* São Vendelino
* Tupandi
* Vale Real

Osório|

* Arroio do Sal
* Balneário Pinhal
* Capão da Canoa
* Capivari do Sul
* Caraá
* Cidreira
* Dom Pedro de Alcântara
* Imbé
* Itati
* Mampituba
* Maquiné
* Morrinhos do Sul
* Mostardas
* Osório
* Palmares do Sul
* Santo Antônio da Patrulha
* Tavares
* Terra de Areia
* Torres
* Tramandaí
* Três Cachoeiras
* Três Forquilhas
* Xangri-lá

Porto Alegre|

* Alvorada
* Araricá
* Cachoeirinha
* Campo Bom
* Canoas
* Eldorado do Sul
* Estância Velha
* Esteio
* Glorinha
* Gravataí
* Guaíba
* Mariana Pimentel
* Nova Hartz
* Nova Santa Rita
* Novo Hamburgo
* Parobé
* Porto Alegre
* São Leopoldo
* Sapiranga
* Sapucaia do Sul
* Sertão Santana
* Viamão

São Jerônimo|

* Arroio dos Ratos
* Barão do Triunfo
* Butiá
* Charqueadas
* General Câmara
* Minas do Leão
* São Jerônimo
* Triunfo
* Vale Verde

Mesoregion Nordeste Rio-Grandense

| Caxias do Sul|

* Antônio Prado
* Bento Gonçalves
* Boa Vista do Sul
* Carlos Barbosa
* Caxias do Sul
* Coronel Pilar
* Cotiporã
* Fagundes Varela
* Farroupilha
* Flores da Cunha
* Garibaldi
* Monte Belo do Sul
* Nova Pádua
* Nova Roma do Sul
* Pinto Bandeira
* Santa Tereza
* São Marcos
* Veranópolis
* Vila Flores

|

Guaporé|

* André da Rocha
* Anta Gorda
* Arvorezinha
* Dois Lajeados
* Guabiju
* Guaporé
* Ilópolis
* Itapuca
* Montauri
* Nova Alvorada
* Nova Araçá
* Nova Bassano
* Nova Prata
* Paraí
* Protásio Alves
* Putinga
* São Jorge
* São Valentim do Sul
* Serafina Corrêa
* União da Serra
* Vista Alegre do Prata

Vacaria|

* Bom Jesus
* Cambará do Sul
* Campestre da Serra
* Capão Bonito do Sul
* Esmeralda
* Ipê
* Jaquirana
* Lagoa Vermelha
* Monte Alegre dos Campos
* Muitos Capões
* Pinhal da Serra
* São Francisco de Paula
* São José dos Ausentes
* Vacaria

Mesoregion Noroeste Rio-Grandense

| Carazinho|

* Almirante Tamandaré do Sul
* Barra Funda
* Boa Vista das Missões
* Carazinho
* Cerro Grande
* Chapada
* Coqueiros do Sul
* Jaboticaba
* Lajeado do Bugre
* Nova Boa Vista
* Novo Barreiro
* Palmeira das Missões
* Pinhal
* Sagrada Família
* Santo Antônio do Planalto
* São José das Missões
* São Pedro das Missões
* Sarandi

|

Cerro Largo|

* Caibaté
* Campina das Missões
* Cerro Largo
* Guarani das Missões
* Mato Queimado
* Porto Xavier
* Roque Gonzales
* Salvador das Missões
* São Paulo das Missões
* São Pedro do Butiá
* Sete de Setembro

Cruz Alta|

* Alto Alegre
* Boa Vista do Cadeado
* Boa Vista do Incra
* Campos Borges
* Cruz Alta
* Espumoso
* Fortaleza dos Valos
* Ibirubá
* Jacuizinho
* Jóia
* Quinze de Novembro
* Saldanha Marinho
* Salto do Jacuí
* Santa Bárbara do Sul

Erechim|

* Aratiba
* Áurea
* Barão de Cotegipe
* Barra do Rio Azul
* Benjamin Constant do Sul
* Campinas do Sul
* Carlos Gomes
* Centenário
* Cruzaltense
* Entre Rios do Sul
* Erebango
* Erechim
* Erval Grande
* Estação
* Faxinalzinho
* Floriano Peixoto
* Gaurama
* Getúlio Vargas
* Ipiranga do Sul
* Itatiba do Sul
* Jacutinga
* Marcelino Ramos
* Mariano Moro
* Paulo Bento
* Ponte Preta
* Quatro Irmãos
* São Valentim
* Severiano de Almeida
* Três Arroios
* Viadutos

Frederico Westphalen|

* Alpestre
* Ametista do Sul
* Caiçara
* Constantina
* Cristal do Sul
* Dois Irmãos das Missões
* Engenho Velho
* Erval Seco
* Frederico Westphalen
* Gramado dos Loureiros
* Iraí
* Liberato Salzano
* Nonoai
* Novo Tiradentes
* Novo Xingu
* Palmitinho
* Pinheirinho do Vale
* Planalto
* Rio dos Índios
* Rodeio Bonito
* Rondinha
* Seberi
* Taquaruçu do Sul
* Três Palmeiras
* Trindade do Sul
* Vicente Dutra
* Vista Alegre

Ijuí|

* Ajuricaba
* Alegria
* Augusto Pestana
* Bozano
* Chiapeta
* Condor
* Coronel Barros
* Coronel Bicaco
* Ijuí
* Inhacorá
* Nova Ramada
* Panambi
* Pejuçara
* Santo Augusto
* São Valério do Sul

Nao-Me-Toque|

* Colorado
* Lagoa dos Três Cantos
* Não-Me-Toque
* Selbach
* Tapera
* Tio Hugo
* Victor Graeff

Passo Fundo|

* Água Santa
* Camargo
* Casca
* Caseiros
* Charrua
* Ciríaco
* Coxilha
* David Canabarro
* Ernestina
* Gentil
* Ibiraiaras
* Marau
* Mato Castelhano
* Muliterno
* Nicolau Vergueiro
* Passo Fundo
* Pontão
* Ronda Alta
* Santa Cecília do Sul
* Santo Antônio do Palma
* São Domingos do Sul
* Sertão
* Tapejara
* Vanini
* Vila Lângaro
* Vila Maria

Sananduva|

* Barracão
* Cacique Doble
* Ibiaçá
* Machadinho
* Maximiliano de Almeida
* Paim Filho
* Sananduva
* Santo Expedito do Sul
* São João da Urtiga
* São José do Ouro
* Tupanci do Sul

Santa Rosa|

* Alecrim
* Cândido Godói
* Independência
* Novo Machado
* Porto Lucena
* Porto Mauá
* Porto Vera Cruz
* Santa Rosa
* Santo Cristo
* São José do Inhacorá
* Três de Maio
* Tucunduva
* Tuparendi

Santo Ângelo|

* Bossoroca
* Catuípe
* Dezesseis de Novembro
* Entre-Ijuís
* Eugênio de Castro
* Giruá
* Pirapó
* Rolador
* Santo Ângelo
* Santo Antônio das Missões
* São Luiz Gonzaga
* São Miguel das Missões
* São Nicolau
* Senador Salgado Filho
* Ubiretama
* Vitória das Missões

Soledade|

* Barros Cassal
* Fontoura Xavier
* Ibirapuitã
* Lagoão
* Mormaço
* São José do Herval
* Soledade
* Tunas

Três Passos|

* Barra do Guarita
* Boa Vista do Buricá
* Bom Progresso
* Braga
* Campo Novo
* Crissiumal
* Derrubadas
* Doutor Maurício Cardoso
* Esperança do Sul
* Horizontina
* Humaitá
* Miraguaí
* Nova Candelária
* Redentora
* São Martinho
* Sede Nova
* Tenente Portela
* Tiradentes do Sul
* Três Passos
* Vista Gaúcha

Mesoregion Sudeste Rio-Grandense

| Jaguarão|

* Arroio Grande
* Herval
* Jaguarão

|

Litoral Lagunar|

* Chuí
* Rio Grande
* Santa Vitória do Palmar
* São José do Norte

Pelotas|

* Arroio do Padre
* Canguçu
* Capão do Leão
* Cerrito
* Cristal
* Morro Redondo
* Pedro Osório
* Pelotas
* São Lourenço do Sul
* Turuçu

Serras de Sudeste|

* Amaral Ferrador
* Caçapava do Sul
* Candiota
* Encruzilhada do Sul
* Pedras Altas
* Pinheiro Machado
* Piratini
* Santana da Boa Vista

Mesoregion Sudoeste Rio-Grandense

| Campanha Central|

* Rosário do Sul
* Santa Margarida do Sul
* Santana do Livramento
* São Gabriel

|

Campanha Meridional|

* Aceguá
* Bagé
* Dom Pedrito
* Hulha Negra
* Lavras do Sul

Campanha Ocidental|

* Alegrete
* Barra do Quaraí
* Garruchos
* Itaqui
* Maçambara
* Manoel Viana
* São Borja
* São Francisco de Assis
* Uruguaiana
* Quaraí

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF
* WorldCat

National|

* United States
* Israel

Geographic|

* MusicBrainz area

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