Rising Star Cave

Dolomite cave system in South Africa

It has been suggested that Underground Astronauts be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since April 2025.

|

Rising Star Cave

Location in Gauteng

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Rising Star Cave (South Africa)

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Rising Star Cave (Gauteng)

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Location| Near Krugersdorp in the West Rand municipality of Gauteng province, South Africa
Entrances| Many
Hazards| narrow access

The Rising Star cave system (also known as Westminster or Empire cave) is located in the Malmani dolomites, in Bloubank River valley, about 800 meters (0.50 miles; 2,600 feet) southwest of Swartkrans, part of the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site in South Africa.[1][2] Recreational caving has occurred there since the 1960s.[2] In 2015, fossils found there two years prior were determined to be a previously unknown extinct species of hominin named Homo naledi.[1]

## Names

[edit]

In the 1980s, the names "Empire", "Westminster", and "Rising Star" were used interchangeably.[3]

The species's name, naledi (Sesotho for "star"), and the "Dinaledi Chamber" (incorporating the Sotho word for "stars")[4] were so named by members of the Rising Star Expedition in reference to the species and chamber's location in Rising Star Cave.[1][4][5]

A portion of the cave, used by the excavation team en route to the Dinaledi Chamber, is called "Superman's Crawl" because most people can fit through only by holding one arm tightly against the body and extending the other above the head, in the manner of Superman in flight.[2][5]

The Superman Crawl opens into the "Dragon's Back Chamber," which includes an approximately 15-metre (49-foot) exposed climb up a ridge of a sharp-edged dolomite block that fell from the roof sometime in the distant past. This block is the so-called Dragon's Back, so named because the climbing route appears to progress from the tail to the head along the spiked spine of a mythical beast.[5]

## History

[edit]

Geologists think the cave in which the fossils were discovered is no older than three million years.[6]

The cave was explored in the 1980s by the Speleological Exploration Club (SEC), a local branch of the South African Speleological Association (SASA).[3]

### Discovery of fossils in "Dinaledi Chamber"

[edit]

A cross-section of a portion of the Rising Star cave system leading to the Dinaledi Chamber

An illustration of the Dinaledi Chamber, where H. naledi bones were excavated

On 13 September 2013, while exploring the Rising Star cave system, recreational cavers Rick Hunter and Steven Tucker of the Speleological Exploration Club (SEC) found a narrow, vertically oriented "chimney" or "chute" measuring 12 m (39 ft) long with an average width of 20 cm (7.9 in).[2][5][7][8] Then Hunter discovered a room 30 m (98 ft) underground (Site U.W.101[9] or UW-101, the Dinaledi Chamber), the surface of which was littered with fossil bones. On 1 October, photos of the site were shown to Pedro Boshoff and then to Lee Berger, both of the University of the Witwatersrand.[7][10]

The arrangement of bones, as well as several survey pegs, suggested "someone had already been there" as recently as a few decades earlier.[2][5] The appearance of limited fossilisation initially led the explorers to think the bones were from the last caver into the chamber, who had subsequently never made it back out alive.[2]

### 2013 and 2014 excavations

[edit]

Berger organized an expedition to excavate the fossils, which started on 7 November 2013.[10] The expedition was funded by the South African National Research Foundation and the National Geographic Society.[11][12]

Berger posted on Facebook asking for applicants with a background in archaeological excavation and caving who were thin enough to fit into the chamber.[13] This selection process caused some minor backlash from some academics who questioned the professionalism of using Facebook to find applicants and announce a large discovery. There were also allegations that the excavation was a media circus, as Berger kept a daily blog and gave radio interviews.[14] The excavation team enlisted six paleoanthropologists, all of whom were women, who could pass through an opening only 18 centimetres (7.1 in) wide to access the Dinaledi Chamber.[10][15][16] Those chosen were Hannah Morris, Marina Elliott, Becca Peixotto, Alia Gurtov, K. Lindsay Hunter (then Eaves), and Elen Feuerriegel.[17] They have since been nicknamed the Underground Astronauts.[18]

The Dinaledi Chamber was assigned the designation UW-101 (or U.W.101[9]) and was excavated by these six members of the Rising Star Expedition during November 2013. More than 1,200 fossil elements were recovered and catalogued in November 2013,[19] representing at least a dozen individuals.[20] Only 20 out of 206 bones in the human body were not found in the cave as of Summer 2014.[21] By April 2014, between two localities, 1,754 specimens were recovered.[22]

The layered distribution of the bones (in clay-rich sediments) suggests that they had been deposited over a long period of time, perhaps centuries.[2][5] Only one square meter of the cave chamber has been excavated; other remains might still be there.[5][11][23][24]

On 20 February 2014, Rick Hunter, Lee Berger, John Hawks, Alia Gurtov, and Pedro Boshoff returned to Rising Star to evaluate a second potential site. The site, designated UW-102 (or U.W.102, aka Lesedi Chamber),[9] was found by cavers Rick Hunter and Steve Tucker on the last day of the first Rising Star Expedition, and limited excavation began in April 2014.[22][25]

As of September 2015[update], fossils of at least fifteen individuals, amounting to 1,550 specimens, had been excavated from the cave.[1][2] About 300 bone fragments were collected from the surface of the Dinaledi Chamber, and about 1,250 fossil specimens were recovered from the chamber's main excavation pit, Unit 3.[5] The fossils include skulls, jaws, ribs, teeth, bones of an almost complete foot, of a hand, and of an inner ear. The bones of both old and young individuals, as well as infants, were found.[1][2]

The 15 partial skeletons, which were found in a small underground chamber, invite speculation on the circumstances of their location. Paleoanthropologist John D. Hawks, from the University of Wisconsin–Madison, who is a member of the team, has stated that the scientific facts are that all the bones recovered are hominin, except for those of one owl; there are no signs of predation, and there is no predator that accumulates only hominins this way; the bones did not accumulate there all at once. There is no evidence of rocks or sediment having dropped into the cave from any opening in the surface, nor any evidence of water flowing into the cave carrying the bones into the cave.[5][26][27]

Hawks concluded that the best hypothesis is that the bodies were deliberately placed in the cave after death, by other members of the species.[28] Berger et al. suggest that "these individuals were capable of ritual behaviour." They speculate that the placing of dead bodies in the cave was a ritualistic behaviour, a sign of symbolic thought.[29] "Ritual" here means an intentional and repeated practice (disposing of dead bodies in the cave), and not implying any type of religious rite.[6] This hypothesis has been criticised for its improbability.[30][31]

A study involving the statistical reconstruction of hominin evolutionary trees from skull and tooth measurements, originally indicated that the most likely age for H. naledi was 912 kya.[32][33][34]

> The age of the original Homo naledi remains from the Dinaledi Chamber has been revealed to be startlingly young in age. Homo naledi, which was first announced in September 2015, was alive sometime between 335 and 236 thousand years ago. This places this population of primitive small-brained hominins at a time and place that it is likely they lived alongside Homo sapiens.

> — Wits University 9 May 2017

A collaborative workshop involving 54 local and international scientists took place in May 2014 at the University of the Witwatersrand.[2][22][35] On 10 September 2015, the fossils were publicly unveiled and given the name Homo naledi.[1][5]

### Dating

[edit]

The fossils of the Dinaledi chamber have been dated to between 335,000 and 236,000 years ago, long after much larger-brained and more modern-looking hominins had appeared.[36][37] Geologists estimate that the cave in which the fossils were discovered is no older than three million years,[6] and the ages for flowstone where the fossils were recovered from was interpreted to be deposited between 236,000 and 414,000 years ago.[36]

### Rock engravings

[edit]

In 2023, Berger published a preliminary report that described rock engravings on a pillar in the Hill Antechamber, near where bodies were found. They are "deeply impressed cross-hatchings and other geometric shapes. The surfaces bearing these engravings appear to have been prepared and smoothed." Berger goes on to note, "If confirmed, the antiquity, intentionality, and authorship of the reported markings will have profound archaeological implications, as such behaviors are otherwise widely considered to be unique to our species, Homo sapiens." However, it does concede the discovery requires more work to confirm who made the markings and when.[38] In addition, Berger found evidence of extensive fire use in the cave, presumably to provide light.[39]

## Geology

[edit]

The Rising Star cave system lies in the Bloubank River valley, 2.2 km west of Sterkfontein Cave. It comprises an area of 250 × 150 m of mapped passageways situated in the core of a gently west-dipping (17°) open fold, and it is stratigraphically bound to a 15–20-metre-thick, stromatolitic dolomite horizon in the lower parts of the Monte Christo Formation. This dolomite horizon is largely chert-free but contains five thin (<10 cm) chert marker horizons that have been used to evaluate the relative position of chambers within the system. The upper contact is marked by a 1–1.3-metre-thick, capping chert unit that forms the roof of several large cave chambers.[5] The height above sea level is 1,450 m for the Dinaledi Chamber's floor.[40]

## See also

[edit]

* Unknown: Cave of Bones[41] (2023 Netflix documentary)
* Dawn of Humanity (2015 PBS film)
* Gondolin Cave

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e f Berger, Lee R.; et al. (10 September 2015). "Homo naledi, a new species of the genus Homo from the Dinaledi Chamber, South Africa". eLife. 4. doi:10.7554/eLife.09560. PMC 4559886. PMID 26354291.
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Shreeve, Jamie (10 September 2015). "This Face Changes the Human Story. But How?". National Geographic News. Archived from the original on 21 May 2023. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
3. ^ a b Paul Courbon (1989). Atlas of the Great Caves of the World. Cave Books. p. 38\. ISBN 0939748215. "Empire Cave [Western Transvaal]: 4010 m; Empire/Westminster/Rising Star Cave. Explored by SASA and Free Cavers"
4. ^ a b Sesotho dinaledi is a class 10 plural noun built on the class 9 noun naledi "star" (Bukantswe v.3 Archived 23 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine dictionary).
5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Dirks, Paul H. G. M.; Roberts, Eric M.; et al. (2015). "Geological and taphonomic context for the new hominin species Homo naledi from the Dinaledi Chamber, South Africa". eLife. 4: e09561. doi:10.7554/eLife.09561. ISSN 2050-084X. PMC 4559842. PMID 26354289.

et al. list

* Lucinda R. Backwell
* Georgy A. Belyanin
* Lee R. Berger
* Pedro Boshoff
* Steven E. Churchill
* Paul H. G. M. Dirks
* Marina Elliott
* Elen M. Feuerriegel
* Alia Gurtov
* James du G. Harrison
* John D. Hawks
* K. Lindsay Hunter
* Rick Hunter
* Jan D. Kramers
* Ashley Kruger
* Tebogo V. Makhubela
* Hannah Morris
* Charles M. Musiba
* Becca Peixotto
* Patrick S. Randolph-Quinney
* Eric M. Roberts
* Darryl J. de Ruiter
* Peter Schmid
* Steven Tucker

6. ^ a b c Wilford, John Noble (10 September 2015). "New Species in Human Lineage Is Found in a South African Cave". New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 4 July 2018. Retrieved 10 September 2015.
7. ^ a b Tucker, Steven (13 November 2013). "Rising Star Expedition". Speleological Exploration Club. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 8 September 2015.
8. ^ André Doussy. "SEC-Caving: Rising Star Expedition Finds over 1,000 Hominid Fossils". sec-caving.co.za. Archived from the original on 20 January 2015. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
9. ^ a b c John Hawks, Marina Elliott, Peter Schmid, Steven E. Churchill et al.: New fossil remains of Homo naledi from the Lesedi Chamber, South Africa. In: eLife Sciences 6. May 2017. Projects: Taphonomic analysis of the Rising Star hominin assemblage; Homo naledi and Australopithecus sediba. doi:10.7554/eLife.24232. Fig. 2 Archived 7 June 2023 at the Wayback Machine
10. ^ a b c Yong, Ed (10 September 2015). "6 Tiny Cavers, 15 Odd Skeletons, and 1 Amazing New Species of Ancient Human". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 14 September 2015. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
11. ^ a b Greenfieldboyce, Nell (10 September 2015). "South African Cave Yields Strange Bones Of Early Human-Like Species". NPR. Archived from the original on 7 July 2018. Retrieved 10 September 2015.
12. ^ "Rising Star Expedition - National Geographic (blogs)". nationalgeographic.com. Archived from the original on 9 September 2015.
13. ^ Loria, Kevin. "These 6 women risked death to recover an amazing scientific discovery". Business Insider. Retrieved 8 April 2025.
14. ^ Gibbons, Ann (11 September 2015). "New human species discovered". Science. 349 (6253): 1149–1150\. doi:10.1126/science.349.6253.1149.
15. ^ Staff (6 November 2013). "Rising Star Expedition Launched". University of the Witwatersrand. Archived from the original on 13 September 2015. Retrieved 8 September 2015.
16. ^ Brahic, Catherine (26 November 2014). "Bone Bonanza: Chamber of Secrets Yields Human Remains". New Scientist. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 8 September 2015.
17. ^ Smith, David (10 September 2015). "'Small spelunkers required': the ad that led to the discovery of Homo naledi". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 30 December 2015. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
18. ^ Feltman, Rachel (10 September 2015). "Meet the six female 'underground astronauts' who recovered our newest relative". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 6 July 2018. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
19. ^ Andrew Howley. "Final Day of Excavations". nationalgeographic.com. Archived from the original on 4 December 2013. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
20. ^ "Anthropologist, 'underground astronaut' strike fossil gold in South Africa dig". Archived from the original on 10 December 2013. Retrieved 9 December 2013.
21. ^ "Anthropology Prof. John Hawks and UW-Madison students dig up crucial remnants of early hominids". Archived from the original on 22 December 2014. Retrieved 21 September 2014.
22. ^ a b c Lee R. Berger. "Rising Star Empire Cave 2014 Annual Report". Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
23. ^ Alford, Justine (10 September 2015). "New Species Of Human Discovered In South Africa". Archived from the original on 24 May 2016. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
24. ^ Shreeve, Jamie (10 September 2015). "New Human Ancestor Elicits Awe—and Many Questions". National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 17 September 2015.
25. ^ Hawks, John. "Scientists Return to Explore a Second Fossil Chamber". Archived from the original on 21 February 2014. Retrieved 22 February 2014.
26. ^ Drake, Nadia (15 September 2015). "Mystery Lingers Over Ritual Behavior of New Human Ancestor". National Geographic News. Archived from the original on 3 November 2015. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
27. ^ McKensie, David (10 September 2015). "Homo naledi: Scientists find ancient human relative" (Video (02:43)). CNN News. Archived from the original on 2 November 2015. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
28. ^ Staff (10 September 2015). "Dawn of Humanity". PBS. Archived from the original on 4 October 2018. Retrieved 14 September 2015. "Documentary time mark: 1h 40 min"
29. ^ Ghosh, Pallab (10 September 2015). "New human-like species discovered in S Africa". BBC News. Archived from the original on 4 August 2019. Retrieved 10 September 2015.
30. ^ Sample, Ian (10 September 2015). "Homo naledi: new species of ancient human discovered, claim scientists". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2016.
31. ^ Wong, Kate. "Debate Erupts over Strange New Human Species". Scientific American. Archived from the original on 13 April 2016. Retrieved 6 July 2016.
32. ^ Dembo, Mana; Radovčić, Davorka; Garvin, Heather M.; Laird, Myra F.; Schroeder, Lauren; Scott, Jill E.; Brophy, Juliet; Ackermann, Rebecca R.; Musiba, Chares M. (1 August 2016). "The evolutionary relationships and age of Homo naledi: An assessment using dated Bayesian phylogenetic methods". Journal of Human Evolution. 97: 17–26\. Bibcode:2016JHumE..97...17D. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.04.008. hdl:2164/8796. PMID 27457542.
33. ^ Bower, Bruce (5 July 2016). "New dating suggests younger age for Homo naledi". Archived from the original on 5 July 2016. Retrieved 6 July 2016.
34. ^ Thackeray, J. Francis (2015). "Estimating the age and affinities of Homo naledi". South African Journal of Science. 111 (11/12): 2. doi:10.17159/sajs.2015/a0124.
35. ^ Callaway, Ewen (2015). "Crowdsourcing digs up an early human species". Nature News & Comment. 525 (7569): 297–298\. Bibcode:2015Natur.525..297C. doi:10.1038/nature.2015.18305. PMID 26381960. Archived from the original on 11 September 2015. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
36. ^ a b Dirks, Paul H.G.M.; Roberts, Eric M.; et al. (9 May 2017). "The age of Homo naledi and associated sediments in the Rising Star Cave, South Africa". eLife. 6: e24231. doi:10.7554/eLife.24231. PMC 5423772. PMID 28483040.

et al. list

* Lee R. Berger
* Paul H. G. M. Dirks
* Anthony Dosseto
* Mathieu Duval
* Marina Elliott
* Mary Evans
* Rainer Grün
* John D. Hawks
* John Hellstrom
* Hannah Hilbert-Wolf
* Andy I.R. Herries
* Renaud Joannes-Boyau
* Jan D. Kramers
* Tebogo V. Makhubela
* Christa J. Placzek
* Jessie Robbins
* Eric M. Roberts
* Carl Spandler
* Jelle Wiersma
* Jon Woodhead

37. ^ Rincon, Paul (9 May 2017). "Amazing haul of ancient human finds unveiled". BBC. Archived from the original on 9 May 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
38. ^ Berger, Lee R.; et al. (11 July 2023). "241,000 to 335,000 Years Old Rock Engravings Made by Homo naledi in the Rising Star Cave system, South Africa". eLife. 12. doi:10.7554/eLife.89102.1.

et al. list

* Lee R. Berger
* Agustin Fuentes
* John D. Hawks
* Keneiloe Molopyane
* Samuel Nkwe
* Maropeng Ramalepa
* Dirk van Rooyen
* Mathabela Tsikoane

39. ^ George, Alison (5 June 2023). "Homo naledi may have made etchings on cave walls and buried its dead". New Scientist. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
40. ^ "New species of extinct human found in cave may rewrite history". New Scientist. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
41. ^ "Watch Unknown: Cave of Bones | Netflix Official Site". Netflix.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rising Star Cave.

* Geological map and cross-section of the Rising Star cave system
* The National Geographic 'Rising Star Expedition' Blog
* Series of videos on 'Rising Star Expedition' by John S. Mead

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Cradle of Humankind

Sites|

* Bolt's Farm
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* Rising Star Cave
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* Wonder Cave

Fossils|

* Agapornis longipes
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* Mrs. Ples
* Little Foot
* Australopithecus sediba
* Paranthropus robustus
* Homo naledi
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Anthropology|

| Scientists|

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Greater Johannesburg

Natural environment

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Topography|

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Rivers and
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Limpopo basin|

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Climate|

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Humankind|

* Taung Child
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* Bolt's Farm
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* Motsetsi
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* Rising Star Cave
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* Acid mine drainage
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Southern
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* Aeroton
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* Gillview
* Glenanda
* Glenesk
* Glenvista
* Haddon
* The Hill
* Johannesburg South
* Kanana Park
* Kenilworth
* Kibler Park
* Klipriviersberg
* Klipriviersberg Estate
* Kliptown
* La Rochelle
* Lawley
* Lenasia
* Liefde en Vrede
* Lindberg Park
* Linmeyer
* Mayfield Park
* Meadowlands
* Meredale
* Moffat View
* Mondeor
* Mulbarton
* Nasrec
* Noordgesig
* Oakdene
* Ophirton
* Orange Farm
* Orlando
* Ormonde
* Patlynn
* Phiri
* Protea Glen
* Regents Park
* Regents Park Estate
* Reuven
* Rewlatch
* Reynolds View
* Ridgeway
* Risana
* Rispark
* Robertsham
* Roseacre
* Rosettenville
* Salisbury Claims
* Selby
* South Hills
* Southdale
* Southfork
* Southgate
* Soweto
* Springfield
* Stafford
* Steeledale
* Suideroord
* Theta
* Towerby
* Townsview
* Tulisa Park
* Turf Club
* Turffontein
* Unigray
* Winchester Hills
* Zola

East Rand|

* Bapsfontein
* Bedfordview
* Benoni
* Bezuidenhout Valley
* Boksburg
* Brakpan
* Bruma
* Cyrildene
* Daveyton
* Dawn Park
* Dewetshof
* Duduza
* Edenvale
* Elcedes
* Elsburg
* Etwatwa
* Fairmount
* The Gables
* Germiston
* Glenhazel
* Greenstone Hill
* Heriotdale
* Isando
* Katlehong
* Kempton Park
* Allen Grove
* Aston Manor
* Birch Acres
* Birchleigh
* Birchleigh North
* Bonaero Park
* Bredell
* Cresslawn
* Croydon
* Edleen
* Esther Park
* Glen Marais
* Kempton Park West
* Nimrod Park
* Norkem Park
* Pomona
* Rhodesfield
* Spartan
* Terenure
* Van Riebeeck Park
* Kensington
* KwaThema
* Lakeside
* Langaville
* Lombardy East
* Malvern
* Modderfontein
* Mountain View
* Nigel
* Oaklands
* Olifantsfontein
* Percelia Estate
* Primrose
* Prolecon
* Raedene Estate
* Reiger Park
* Sandringham
* Spes Bona
* Springs
* Sunningdale
* Sunningdale Ridge
* Sydenham
* Talboton
* Thembisa
* Thokoza
* Tsakane
* Vosloorus
* Wanderers View
* Wattville

West Rand|

* Azaadville
* Bekkersdal
* Blyvooruitzicht
* Boikarabelo
* Bosmont
* Carletonville
* Claremont
* Constantia Kloof
* Coronationville
* Denver
* Driefontein
* East Driefontein
* Elandsrand
* Florida
* Florida Glen
* Florida Hills
* Fochville
* Hekpoort
* Kagiso
* Khutsong
* Krugersdorp
* Lindley
* Magaliesburg
* Mohlakeng
* Muldersdrift
* Munsieville
* Oberholzer
* Randfontein
* Rietvallei
* Roodepoort
* Sophiatown
* Venterspos
* Weltevredenpark
* Welverdiend
* West Driefontein
* Westdene
* Westonaria
* Zuurbekom

Cityscape

* Constitution Hill
* Beyers Naudé Square
* Fordsburg Square
* Gandhi Square
* Mary Fitzgerald Square
* Walter Sisulu Square

* 7th Street
* Commissioner Street
* Munro Drive

* Beyers Naudé Drive
* Jan Smuts Avenue
* Louis Botha Avenue
* Malibongwe Drive
* Metropolitan routes
* M1
* M2
* Provincial routes
* R21
* R24
* R25
* R29
* R41
* R55
* R82
* R101
* R511
* R512
* R553
* R562
* R564
* Johannesburg Ring Road
* N1
* Western Bypass
* N3
* Eastern Bypass
* N12
* Southern Bypass
* N17

| Landmarks|

* Tallest buildings

| Public art|

* Fire Walker
* Flame of Democracy
* Nelson Mandela Mural
* Orlando Power Station cooling towers

| Statues|

* Mahatma Gandhi
* Nelson Mandela

|

Civic
buildings|

* Johannesburg City Hall
* Johannesburg Central Police Station

Office
buildings|

* 11 Diagonal Street
* Chamber of Mines Building
* Chancellor House
* Consolidated Building
* Corner House
* Corona Lodge
* Cuthberts Building
* Eskom Centre
* Johannesburg Trades Hall
* Kimberley House
* Logistics House
* London House
* Luthuli House
* Markham Building
* Megawatt Park
* Natal Bank Building
* National Bank Building
* Shell House
* Standard Bank Building
* Victory House

| Skyscrapers|

* Absa Tower
* Carlton Centre
* Carlton Hotel
* Exchange Square
* Hekro Towers
* Johannesburg Sun Hotel
* Kine Centre
* The Leonardo
* Marble Towers
* Mariston Hotel
* Michelangelo Towers
* Radiopark
* Schlesinger Building
* Southern Life Centre
* Standard Bank Centre
* Trust Bank Building
* UCS Building

|

Residential
buildings|

* Ansteys Building
* Arop House
* Astor Mansions
* Beacon Royal
* Circle Court
* Dorkay House
* Houghton Heights
* Kingsway Mansions
* Lauriston Court
* Manners Mansions
* Radoma Court

| Skyscrapers|

* 120 End Street
* Highpoint Hillbrow
* Ponte City
* Tygerberg Building

|

Structures|

* Brixton Tower
* Hillbrow Tower
* Nelson Mandela Bridge
* Grayston Pedestrian and Cycle Bridge

Urban planning|

* Alexandra Renewal Project

Heritage conservation|

* Johannesburg Heritage Foundation

Government

| National government|

| Courts|

* Constitutional Court of South Africa
* South Gauteng High Court
* Labour Court
* Labour Appeal Court

|

Chapter nine institutions|

* Commission for Gender Equality
* CRL Rights Commission
* Human Rights Commission

Provincial government|

* Gauteng Provincial Legislature
* Executive Council of Gauteng

Municipalities|

* City of Johannesburg
* Seat: Johannesburg
* Mayor: Dada Morero
* Elections
* Flag
* Coat of arms
* City of Ekurhuleni
* Seat: Germiston
* Mayor: Nkosindiphile Xhakaza
* Elections
* West Rand
* Merafong
* Seat: Carletonville
* Mogale
* Seat: Krugersdorp
* Rand West
* Seat: Randfontein

African Union|

* Pan-African Parliament
* Bureau
* Secretariat
* NEPAD Secretariat

Politics

| Governing parties|

* Johannesburg: ANC
* Ekurhuleni: ANC
* West Rand: ANC
* Merafong: ANC
* Mogale: ATM
* Rand West: ANC

|

Political organisations
and parties based in
Greater Johannesburg|

| Political parties|

* ActionSA
* African Christian Democratic Party
* African National Congress
* Veteran's League
* Women's League
* Youth League
* African People's Convention
* Agang
* Azanian People's Organisation
* Capitalist Party
* Congress of the People
* Dagga Party
* Economic Freedom Fighters
* Pan Africanist Congress
* South African Communist Party
* Socialist Revolutionary Workers Party
* Workers and Socialist Party

|

Trade unions|

* COSATU
* AFADWU
* CEPPWAWU
* CWU
* NEHAWU
* NUM
* POPCRU
* SAAPAWU
* SACCAWU
* SADNU
* SADTU
* SAFPU
* SAMWU
* SASAWU
* SASBO
* SATAWU
* FEDUSA
* UASA
* NACTU
* SAFTU
* NUMSA

Other political
organisations|

* Afrikanerbond
* Ahmed Kathrada Foundation
* Civicus
* COSAS
* Dagga Couple
* Earthlife Africa
* Free Market Foundation
* Helen Suzman Foundation
* Jacob Zuma Foundation
* Keep Left
* Landless People's Movement
* OUTA
* PASMA
* SASCO
* South African Institute of Race Relations
* South African Zionist Federation
* Tripartite Alliance
* Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front

History

* Timeline
* Kweneng' Ruins
* Tlokwe Ruins
* Witwatersrand Gold Rush
* Mineral Revolution
* Transvaal gold fields
* Randlords
* Uitlanders
* Ferreira's Camp
* Second Boer War

| Fortifications|

* Johannesburg Fort
* Blockhouses

|

Monuments
and memorials|

* Anglo-Boer War Memorial
* Chris Hani Memorial
* Constitution Hill
* Hector Pieterson Memorial
* Indian Army Memorial
* Scottish Horse War Memorial
* Walter Sisulu Square

Cemeteries|

* Avalon Cemetery
* Juliwe Cemetery
* Westpark Cemetery

Historical
sites|

* Bantu Men's Social Centre
* Kirchoff's Building
* Langlaagte Stamp Mill
* OK Bazaars
* Rand Water Board Building
* Red Square
* Rissik Street Post Office
* Shlom Native Eating House
* Union Observatory

| Houses|

* 36 Houghton Drive
* David Webster House
* Dr Xuma House
* Endstead
* House Brunton
* House Hains
* James Mpanza House
* Kholvad House
* Lindfield House
* Mandela House
* Parktown mansions
* Villa Arcadia
* Pullinger Kop
* Rahima Moosa House
* Satyagraha House
* Tutu House
* Villa d'Este

|

Historical
companies and
organisations|

| Companies|

* Bosasa
* Deneys Reitz
* Edcon
* Lema
* Mandela and Tambo
* Simmer and Jack
* VBS Mutual Bank

|

Political
organisations|

* Anti-Privatisation Forum
* Black Sash
* Democratic Left Front
* Gay and Lesbian Organization of Witwatersrand
* Industrial Workers of the World
* MK Military Veterans' Association
* Reform Committee
* Socialist Party of Azania

Other organisations|

* Witwatersrand Native Labour Association

Events|

* Jameson Raid
* Braamfontein explosion
* Battle of Doornkop
* Battle of Witpoort
* Rand Rebellion
* Empire Exhibition
* Schlesinger African Air Race
* 1946 African Mine Workers' Union strike
* Sophiatown forced removals
* Congress of the People
* Freedom Charter
* Treason Trial
* 1957 Alexandra bus boycott
* Soweto uprising
* Concert in the Park
* Westdene dam disaster
* Eerste Alternatiewe Afrikaanse Rockkonsert
* Storming of the Kempton Park World Trade Centre
* Shell House massacre
* Ellis Park Stadium disaster
* Bredell land occupation
* World Summit on Sustainable Development
* Johannesburg Declaration
* 2002 Soweto bombings
* Jacob Zuma rape trial
* Live 8 concert
* Live Earth concert
* Miss World 2008
* Miss World 2009
* Occupy Johannesburg
* Murder of Mido Macia
* Death and state memorial service of Nelson Mandela
* 2015 train crash
* #FeesMustFall
* Life Esidimeni scandal
* 10th BRICS summit
* Zondo Commission
* 2019 riots
* Shooting of Nathaniel Julies
* Zuma riots
* Murder of Babita Deokaran
* 2022 Soweto shooting
* Boksburg explosion
* 2023 Boksburg gas leak
* 15th BRICS summit
* 2023 building fire

Culture

| Cultural heritage|

* Architecture
* Gumboot dancing
* amaKota
* Kwaito

|

Performance art|

* Joburg Ballet

| Musical ensembles|

* Johannesburg Philharmonic Orchestra
* Johannesburg Youth Orchestra
* Soweto Gospel Choir
* Soweto String Quartet

|

Theatres|

* Alexander Theatre
* Alhambra Theatre
* Johannesburg Civic Theatre
* Market Theatre
* Wits Theatre

Events and festivals|

* Abantu Book Festival
* Encounters South African International Documentary Festival
* Joburg Art Fair
* In the City
* Johannesburg International Motor Show
* Johannesburg Pride
* Jozi Book Fair
* Naledi Theatre Awards
* Out In Africa South African Gay and Lesbian Film Festival
* RAMFest
* Rand Show
* South Africa's Children's Book Fair
* Transforming Stories International Christian Film Festival
* Ultra South Africa

Museums and art
galleries|

* Apartheid Museum
* Constitution Hill Museum
* Fietas Museum
* Gold Reef City
* Goodman Gallery
* Hector Pieterson Museum
* James Hall Transport Museum
* Joburg Contemporary Art Foundation
* Johannesburg Art Gallery
* Johannesburg Holocaust and Genocide Centre
* South African Airways Museum
* Mandela House
* Market Photo Workshop
* Maropeng
* Military History Museum
* Museum Africa
* Photo:
* Satyagraha House
* Workers' Museum

| Defunct|

* SAB World of Beer
* South African National Railway And Steam Museum

|

Clubs and societies|

* Afrikaanse Taal- en Kultuurvereniging
* Automobile Association
* Nippon Club
* Rand Club
* SAA Museum Society
* South African Radio League
* Southern African Vexillological Association

Religion

* SACC
* Anglican
* Diocese of Johannesburg
* Diocese of the Highveld
* Diocese of Christ the King
* Catholic
* Archdiocese of Johannesburg
* Knights of Da Gama
* Protestant
* Baptist Union
* Presbytery of Egoli
* Jewish
* Union of Orthodox Synagogues
* Johannesburg Beth Din
* Ohr Somayach
* SAUPJ
* Islamic
* Jamiatul Ulama

| Places of
worship|

| Churches|

| Anglican|

* Cathedral Church of Saint Mary the Virgin
* Cathedral Church of Saint Dunstan
* St Aidan's Anglican Church
* St Boniface Church
* St Mary's Anglican Church
* St Michael and All Angels' Anglican Church

|

Baptist|

* Troyeville Baptist Church

Calvinist|

* Brixton Reformed Church
* Congregational Church, Turffontein
* Fordsburg Reformed Church
* Johanesburg East Reformed Church
* Johannesburg North Reformed Church
* Johannesburg Reformed Church
* Johannesburg Reformed Church (GKSA)
* Langlaagte Reformed Church
* Linden Reformed Church
* Parkhurst Reformed Church
* Turffontein Reformed Church

Catholic|

* Cathedral of Christ the King
* Holy Trinity Catholic Church
* Regina Mundi Catholic Church

| Maronite|

* Shrine of Our Lady of the Cedars

|

Greek
Orthodox|

* Cathedral of Saints Constantine and Helen

Latter-day
Saints|

* Johannesburg South Africa Temple

Lutheran|

* Friedenskirche

Synagogues|

| Orthodox|

* Chassidim Shul
* Doornfontein Synagogue
* Great Synagogue
* Oxford Shul

| Historical|

* President Street Synagogue

|

Progressive|

* Beit Emanuel Progressive Synagogue
* Temple Israel

Mosques|

* Jumah Mosque
* Nizamiye Mosque

Hindu temples|

* Madhya Kailash Shiva Temple

Scientology centres|

* Castle Kyalami

Media

* South African National Editors' Forum
* Southern African Music Rights Organisation
* AmaBhungane

| Mass media|

| Magazines|

* African Communist
* Drum
* Financial Mail
* Mining Weekly
* Music Industry Online
* Nomad Africa Magazine
* SA Flyer

| Defunct|

* Die Arbeider en Arm Boer
* Style
* Top 40 Music Magazine

|

Newspapers|

* Caxton local newspapers (various)
* Beeld
* Business Day
* The Citizen
* City Press
* Daily Maverick
* Daily Sun
* Jewish Report
* Mail & Guardian
* Mayihlome News
* Rapport
* The South African
* The Sowetan
* The Star
* The Sunday Independent
* Sunday Times
* TimesLIVE
* Wits Vuvuzela

| Defunct|

* New Age
* The New Age
* The World

|

Radio stations|

* 5FM
* 702
* 947
* ArrowLine Chinese Radio
* Boervolk Radio
* ChaiFM
* Channel Africa
* Ekurhuleni FM
* Hot 1027
* Jozi FM
* Kasie FM
* Kaya FM
* Metro FM
* Munghana Lonene FM
* Power FM
* Radio 2000
* Radio Sonder Grense
* Rock FM 91.9
* SAfm
* UJFM
* YFM

Television channels|

* CNBC Africa
* eNCA
* M-Net
* Me
* SABC 1
* SABC 2
* SABC 3
* SABC Children
* SABC Education
* SABC News
* SABC Sport
* Soweto TV

| Defunct|

* M-Net Series

|

Film studios|

* Film Resource Unit
* Quizzical Pictures

| Defunct|

* Killarney Film Studios

|

Record labels|

* Ambitiouz Entertainment
* CCP Records
* Family Tree Records
* Gallo Records
* Kalawa Jazmee Records

Game studios|

* Celestial Games

Cultural references|

* District 9
* Egoli: Place of Gold
* "Gimme Hope Jo'anna"
* Johannesburg Festival Overture
* The Real Housewives of Johannesburg
* Sarafina!
* "Soweto Blues"
* Welcome to Our Hillbrow
* Zoo City

Economy

* Johannesburg Stock Exchange
* AltX
* Safex
* companies traded
* A2X Markets
* Brenthurst Foundation

| Companies|

* v
* t
* e

Companies based in Greater Johannesburg

Diversified
conglomerates|

* Aveng
* Barloworld
* Bidvest
* Chancellor House
* Famous Brands

Airlines|

* Aerolift
* Airlink
* Cargo
* CemAir
* Egoli Air
* Federal Air
* Global Aviation
* National Airways
* Norse Air
* Phoebus Apollo Aviation
* SAA
* Safair
* FlySafair
* Solenta Aviation

| Defunct|

* 1time
* African International Airways
* AirQuarius Aviation
* Avia
* Comair
* Command Airways
* Executive Aerospace
* Fly Blue Crane
* Imperial Air Cargo
* Interair South Africa
* Interlink Airlines
* kulula.com
* Mango
* Nationwide Airlines
* Rossair Executive Air Charter
* Rovos Air
* Skywise
* South African Express

|

Construction
and engineering|

* Concor
* Murray & Roberts

Energy|

* DLO Energy Resources
* Total South Africa

Financial

* Absa Group
* Alexforbes
* Discovery
* Evolution Group
* Hollard Group
* Investec
* Liberty Holdings
* Livestock Wealth
* MiWay Insurance
* Lesaka Technologies
* Old Mutual
* RMB Holdings
* RMI Holdings
* STANLIB
* Venmyn Rand

| Banks|

* Absa Bank
* Access Bank South Africa
* African Alliance Investment Bank
* African Bank
* Bank Zero
* Bidvest Bank
* DBSA
* First National Bank
* FirstRand Bank
* Imperial Bank South Africa
* Mercantile Bank
* Nedbank
* Rand Merchant Bank
* Sasfin Bank
* Stanchart South Africa
* Standard Bank
* TymeBank
* Ubank
* Wizzit
* Defunct
* VBS Mutual Bank

|

Hospitality|

* Southern Sun Hotels
* Sun International
* Tsogo Sun

ICT|

* Afrihost
* BCX
* Cell C
* Datatec
* Dimension Data
* EOH Holdings
* MTN
* Neotel
* OTEL Telecoms
* Rain
* Sybrin
* Teraco Data Environments
* Vodacom
* Defunct
* Internet Solutions
* Luma Arcade
* Vision Software

Legal|

* Bowman Gilfillan
* ENSafrica
* Webber Wentzel
* Werksmans
* Defunct
* Deneys Reitz
* Mandela and Tambo

Manufacturing|

* Adcock Ingram
* AECI
* African Explosives
* All Joy Foods
* Bakers
* Clover Industries
* FEW
* IWC
* Isuzu Trucks South Africa
* Land Systems OMC
* Nampak
* Paramount Group
* PPC
* Premier FMCG
* Rand Refinery
* Rembrandt Group
* Sappi
* Simba
* SkyReach Aircraft
* Sling Aircraft
* South African Breweries
* Tiger Brands
* Truvelo Armoury
* Union Carriage & Wagon
* Defunct
* Basil Green Motors
* New PowerChutes

Media|

* Arena Holdings
* Caxton and CTP Publishers and Printers
* MultiChoice
* Nu Metro Cinemas
* Primedia
* SABC
* StarSat
* Ster-Kinekor

Mining|

* Alexkor
* Asa Resources
* African Rainbow Minerals
* AngloGold Ashanti
* DRDGOLD
* ERPM
* Gold Fields
* Harmony Gold
* Impala Platinum
* JCI
* Metorex
* Northam Platinum
* Sibanye-Stillwater
* Defunct
* Simmer and Jack

Retail and
marketing|

* AutoTrader
* Bidorbuy
* Cadac
* CNA
* The Creative Counsel
* Dis-Chem
* Exclusive Books
* Hyundai South Africa
* Incredible Connection
* Massmart
* Wantitall
* Defunct
* Edcon
* OK Bazaars

Restaurant
franchises|

* Chicken Licken
* Debonairs Pizza
* Mugg & Bean
* Nando's
* Roman's Pizza
* Steers
* Wimpy

Services|

* Netcare
* SA Waste Holdings
* Defunct
* Bosasa

Transport|

* Avis Southern Africa
* Comazar
* PUTCO
* Surtees Rail Group

State-owned
enterprises|

* Airports Company South Africa
* Denel Aeronautics
* Development Bank of Southern Africa
* Eskom
* Rand Water
* South African Broadcasting Corporation
* Sasol
* Sentech
* South African Airways
* Transnet
* Freightdynamics
* Defunct
* Lema

* Companies based in Ekurhuleni
* Companies based in Johannesburg

Professional
associations|

* Gauteng Institute for Architecture
* South African Institute of Chartered Accountants
* South African Institute of Electrical Engineers
* South African Institute of Professional Accountants

Mining|

* Minerals Council South Africa
* Rand Refinery

| Mines|

* Blyvooruitzicht
* Driefontein
* ERPM
* KDC
* Kopanang
* Kusasalethu
* Mintails
* Mponeng
* Old Randfontein
* Randfontein
* South Deep
* TauTona
* West Wits

|

Shopping centres|

* Carlton Centre
* Cresta Mall
* Dobsonville Mall
* Eastgate
* Fourways Mall
* Hyde Park Corner
* Mall of Africa
* Maponya Mall
* Nelson Mandela Square
* Northgate
* Northmead Square
* Oriental City
* Oriental Plaza
* Protea Glen Mall
* Sandton City
* Southgate

Hotels and resorts|

* The Leonardo
* Michelangelo Towers
* Montecasino

Venues|

* Ellis Park Arena
* Gallagher Convention Centre

Restaurants, bars,
clubs and cafés|

* The Bassline
* The Radium

Tourism|

* Gold Reef City

| Cultural villages|

* Ke-Ditselana Cultural Village
* Kwa-Khaya Lendaba Cultural Village
* Lesedi Cultural Village

|

Transport

| Civil aviation|

* South African Civil Aviation Authority

| Airports|

* Grand Central Airport
* Lanseria International Airport
* O. R. Tambo International Airport
* Rand Airport

| Defunct|

* Palmietfontein Airport

|

Road transport|

* Gauteng Department of Roads and Transport
* Johannesburg Roads Agency
* Roads
* Freeways
* e-tolling
* Buses and taxis
* PUTCO
* Trolleybuses

Rail transport|

* Gautrain
* Metrorail Gauteng
* Johannesburg–Durban high speed rail (proposed)
* Trams

| Train stations|

* Johannesburg Park Station
* Marlboro Station
* Midrand Station
* Rhodesfield Station
* Rosebank Station
* Sandton Station

|

Sports

| Sports governing
bodies based in
Greater Johannesburg|

* SASCOC
* Athletics South Africa
* Basketball South Africa
* Bowls South Africa
* Cricket South Africa
* Mind Sports South Africa
* South African Baseball Union
* South African Confederation of Cue Sport
* South African Equestrian Federation
* South African Football Association
* South African Handball Federation
* South African Hockey Association
* South African National Climbing Federation
* South African Sailing
* Squash South Africa
* Volleyball South Africa

|

Teams|

| Soccer|

* Atlie
* Bidvest Wits
* Jomo Cosmos
* JVW
* Kaizer Chiefs
* Lusitano
* Mahlangu Tigers
* Moroka Swallows
* Orlando Pirates
* UJ Ladies
* Wits University
* Yebo Yes United

| Former|

* Germiston Callies
* Giant Blackpool

|

Rugby|

* Golden Lions
* Lions
* Falcons
* Jozi Cats

Cricket|

* Central Gauteng Lions
* Easterns
* Easterns Women
* Highveld Lions
* Imperial Lions
* Joburg Super Kings
* Titans

Basketball|

* Egoli Magic
* Jozi Nuggets
* Soweto Panthers
* UJ men's basketball team

Equestrian sports|

* National Horseracing Authority
* South African Lipizzaners

Sports events|

* 1992 Return Test
* 1995 Rugby World Cup
* final
* 2003 Cricket World Cup
* final
* 2010 FIFA World Cup
* final
* Joburg Open
* Joburg Ladies Open
* South African Derby
* South African PGA Championship
* Soweto Derby

Sports venues|

| Stadia and
arenas|

* Alexandra Stadium
* Arthur Block Park Stadium
* Barnard Stadium
* Bidvest Stadium
* Bosman Stadium
* Cecil Payne Stadium
* Dobsonville Stadium
* Ellis Park Arena
* Ellis Park Stadium
* Germiston Stadium
* Huntersfield Stadium
* Johannesburg Stadium
* KwaThema Stadium
* Lenasia Stadium
* Makhulong Stadium
* Mehlareng Stadium
* Modderfontein Stadium
* Mohlakeng Stadium
* Orlando Stadium
* Potgietersrus Rugby Stadium
* Rabie Ridge Stadium
* Rand Stadium
* Randburg Hockey Stadium
* Ruimsig Stadium
* Sinaba Stadium
* Soccer City
* Soweto Cricket Oval
* UJ Stadium
* Union Stadium
* Wanderers Stadium
* Willowmoore Park Stadium

| Defunct|

* Old Wanderers
* PAM Brink Stadium
* WeBuyCars Dome

|

Golf courses|

* Glendower Golf Club
* Randpark Golf Club
* Royal Johannesburg & Kensington Golf Club

Equestrian
venues|

* Turffontein Racecourse

Motorsports
venues|

* Kyalami Grand Prix Circuit

|

Education and research

* GDE
* CIDA
* FOTIM
* Geological Society of South Africa
* Mandela Institute for Development Studies
* SAARF
* South African Institute for Heritage Science and Conservation
* Student Sponsorship Programme South Africa

| Libraries|

* Alexandra Children's Library
* Brenthurst Library
* Buckland Library
* Johannesburg Public Library
* Orlando East Public Library
* Randburg Library
* UJ Libraries
* Wits University Libraries
* Weltevreden Park Library

|

Universities|

| University of Johannesburg|

* Johannesburg Institute for Advanced Study
* UJFM

| Campuses|

* APB Campus
* APK Campus
* Doornfontein Campus
* Soweto Campus

|

Faculties|

* Art, Design and Architecture
* Business and Economics
* Education
* Engineering and the Built Environment
* Health Sciences
* Humanities
* Law
* Science

University of the Witwatersrand|

* Campuses
* Evolutionary Studies Institute
* Global Change Institute
* Industrial and Mining Water Research Unit
* Johannesburg Planetarium
* Philosophical Papers
* Wits Theatre Complex
* Wits Vuvuzela

| Faculties|

* Commerce, Law and Management
* Engineering and the Built Environment
* School of Architecture and Planning
* School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering
* School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
* Health Sciences
* Humanities
* Science

|

* CIDA City Campus
* IIE MSA

Other tertiary
institutions|

* AFDA
* Central Johannesburg College
* CityVarsity
* Damelin
* Damelin Correspondence College
* Inscape Design College
* Lyceum College
* Midrand Graduate Institute

| Business schools|

* Gordon Institute of Business Science
* IMM Graduate School
* Independent Institute of Education
* Milpark Business School
* Regenesys Business School

|

Religious institutions|

* Auckland Park Theological Seminary
* Baptist Theological College of Southern Africa
* Kollel Bet Mordechai
* Kollel Yad Shaul
* Lubavitch Yeshiva Gedolah
* St Augustine College
* South African Theological Seminary
* Yeshiva Gedolah

State schools|

* Hoërskool Alberton
* Allen Glen High School
* Athlone Boys' High School
* Barnato Park High School
* Boksburg High School
* Bopasenatla Secondary School
* Bryanston High School
* Hoërskool Dinamika
* Hoërskool Florida
* The Glen High School
* Germiston High School
* Greenside High School
* Hyde Park High School
* Jeppe High School for Boys
* Jeppe High School for Girls
* King Edward VII School
* Hoërskool Marais Viljoen
* Meadowlands Secondary School
* Moletsane High School
* Hoërskool Monument
* Morris Isaacson High School
* Naledi High School
* Northcliff High School
* Orchards Primary School
* Parktown Boys' High School
* Parkview Senior Primary School
* Sandown High School
* Sandringham High School
* Sir John Adamson High School
* Springs Boys' High School
* Thutolore Secondary School
* Hoërskool Voortrekker
* Waverley Girls' High School
* Westbury Secondary School

Private schools|

* Ashton International College
* Auckland Park Academy of Excellence
* Aurora Private School
* Charter College
* Crawford College, Lonehill
* Crawford College, Sandton
* Helpmekaar Kollege
* Holy Family College
* Japari School
* Johannesburg Muslim School
* King David Schools
* Kingsmead College
* Lenasia Muslim School
* Marist Brothers College
* Redhill School
* The Ridge School
* Roedean School
* Sacred Heart College
* St Andrew's School for Girls
* St Barnabas College
* St Benedict's College
* St Catherine's School
* St David's Marist College
* St Dominic's Catholic School for Girls
* St Dunstan's College
* St John's College
* St Martin's School
* St Mary's School
* St Peter's College
* St Stithians College
* Torah Academy School
* Yeshiva College of South Africa
* Yeshiva Maharsha Beis Aharon

Alternative schools|

* African Leadership Academy
* Branson School of Entrepreneurship
* Khanya College
* Michael Mount Waldorf School

International schools|

* American International School
* Deutsche Internationale Schule
* Japanese School
* Lycée Jules Verne

Services

* Johannesburg City Parks and Zoo

| Hospitals|

* Charlotte Maxeke Hospital
* Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital
* Helen Joseph Hospital
* Leratong Hospital
* Milpark Hospital
* Nelson Mandela Children's Hospital
* Pholosong Hospital
* Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital
* Tambo Memorial Hospital

| Historical|

* Imperial Military Hospital, Baragwanath
* Queen Victoria Hospital
* Transvaal Memorial Hospital for Children

|

Water supply
and sanitation|

* Rand Water
* Lesotho Highlands Water Project

| Dams|

* Vaal Dam
* Vaal Barrage

|

Water towers|

* Grand Central Water Tower
* Yeoville Water Tower

Electricity supply|

* Eskom
* City Power
* Kelvin Power Station
* Kibo Gauteng Thermal Power Station (planned)

| Defunct power stations|

* Orlando Power Station
* President Street Power Station

|

Law enforcement and
emergency services|

* Johannesburg Central Police Station
* Metro Police departments
* Johannesburg Emergency Services
* Berea Fire Station
* Ekurhuleni Disaster & Emergency Management Services

Charities and NGOs|

* ActionAid
* Africa's Young Entrepreneurs
* African Parks
* Bigshoes Foundation
* Camp Sizanani
* Children of Fire International
* Global Water Foundation
* LoveLife South Africa
* Nelson Mandela Children's Fund
* Never Ending Gardens
* Nkosi's Haven
* POLAF
* Woman Against Rape

Military units and formations

| Army units|

| Regular|

* 46 South African Brigade
* 21 South African Infantry Battalion
* 35 Engineer Support Regiment
* Sekhukhune Anti-Aircraft Regiment

|

Reserve|

* Andrew Mlangeni Regiment
* Bambatha Rifles
* Johannesburg Light Horse Regiment
* Johannesburg Regiment
* Lenong Regiment
* OR Tambo Regiment
* Rand Light Infantry
* Sandfontein Artillery Regiment
* Solomon Mahlangu Regiment
* iWombe Anti-Aircraft Regiment

SAMHS units|

* 6 Medical Battalion Group

Disbanded units|

| Army|

* Witwatersrand Command
* SA Army Troop Information Unit
* 2 Locating Regiment
* 3 Armoured Personnel Carrier Squadron
* 7 South African Infantry Division
* 15 Reception Depot
* 72 Motorised Brigade
* 73 Motorised Brigade
* Regiment University of the Witwatersrand

| Commandos|

* Alberton
* Atlas
* Benoni
* Boksburg
* Brakpan
* Edenvale
* East Park
* Germiston
* Johannesburg East
* Johannesburg West
* Kempton Park
* Krugersdorp
* Modderfontein
* Nigel
* Randburg
* Roodepoort
* Sandton
* Springs
* Wemmerpan
* West Park
* West Rand

|

Special Forces|

* Hunter Group

SAAF|

* 4 Squadron SAAF
* 10 Squadron SAAF

* Category
* Johannesburg

* v
* t
* e

Prehistoric cave sites, rock shelters and cave paintings

* Paleoanthropological sites
* Cave paintings
* Caves containing pictograms

Europe

| Austria|

* Drachenhöhle
* Gudenus
* Lurgrotte
* Salzofen
* Tischofer

|

Belgium|

* Belle-Roche
* Claminforge
* Engis
* Goyet
* Naulette
* Neolithic flint mines of Spiennes
* Ramioul
* Scladina
* Spy
* Trou de l'Abîme

Bosnia|

* Badanj
* Ledenjača

Bulgaria|

* Bacho Kiro
* Devetashka
* Kozarnika
* Magura
* Utroba Cave

Croatia|

* Grapčeva
* Krapina
* Vela Spila
* Vindija
* Romuald's Cave
* Velika peć
* Veternica

Cyprus|

* Aetokremnos

Czech Republic|

* Amatérská
* Býčí skála
* Koněprusy
* Kůlna
* Mladeč
* Šipka

Finland|

* Wolf

France|

Vézère Valley World Heritage Site
Bara Bahau
Bernifal
Cap Blanc
Castel Merle

Abri Castanet
Reverdit
Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil
Abri Audi
Abri Chadourne
Les Combarelles
Cro-Magnon
Font-de-Gaume
Laugerie-Basse
Laugerie-Haute
La Micoque
La Mouthe
Pataud
Abri du Poisson
Lascaux
La Madeleine
Rouffignac

Other World Heritage Sites
Chauvet

Other caves with decoration
Arcy-sur-Cure
Gargas
Cosquer
Cussac
Fontéchevade
La Chaire a Calvin
La Marche
Lombrives
Grotte de Gabillou
Marsoulas
Mas d'Azil
Mayrières supérieure
Niaux
Pair-non-Pair
Pech Merle
Roc-aux-Sorciers
Renne
Trois Frères
Villars

Other caves
Arago
Aurignac
Azé
Balauzière
Bonne-Femme
Bouillon
Bruniquel
Calès
Cauna
La Chapelle-aux-Saints
Combe Grenal
La Ferrassie
Fées
Fontbrégoua
Lazaret
Le Moustier
Noisetier
La Quina
Raymonden
Le Regourdou
Rochereil
Vallonnet

Germany|

Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura World Heritage Site
Bockstein
Geissenklösterle
Hohle Fels
Hohlenstein-Stadel
Sirgenstein
Vogelherd

Other caves
Baumann's
Brillenhöhle
Kleine Feldhofer
Lichtenstein
Ofnet

Gibraltar|

* Devil's Tower
* Gorham's
* Vanguard

Greece|

* Alepotrypa
* Apidima
* Asphendou
* Eileithyia
* Franchthi
* Kleidi
* Megalakkos
* Petralona
* Stravomyti
* Theopetra

Hungary|

* Baradla
* Szelim

Italy|

* Addaura
* Arene Candide
* Balzi Rossi
* Cavallo
* Corbeddu
* Deer
* Felci
* Paglicci
* Romito
* Villabruna

Jersey|

* St Brelade

Kosovo|

* Bukuroshja e Fjetur

Luxembourg|

* Loschbur

Malta|

* Għar Dalam

North Macedonia|

* Cocev Kamen

Norway|

* Svarthola

Poland|

* Obłazowa
* Paradise

Portugal|

* Aroeira
* Escoural
* Furninha
* Lagar Velho
* Pala Pinta
* Pedra Furada
* Pego do Diabo
* Salemas

Romania|

* Coliboaia
* Cuciulat
* Muierilor
* Oase

Russia|

* Akhshtyrskaya
* Chertovy Vorota
* Denisova
* Ignatievka
* Shulgan-Tash
* Mezmaiskaya
* Okladnikov

Serbia|

* Hadži-Prodan's
* Pešturina
* Risovača
* Mala Balanica and Velika Balanica

Slovakia|

* Čertova pec
* Domica
* Jasovská

Slovenia|

* Betal
* Divje Babe
* Pekel
* Potok

Spain|

Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain World Heritage Site
Altamira
Caves in Cantabria

Chufín
Covalanas
La Garma
Hornos de la Peña
Monte Castillo

El Castillo
Las Chimeneas
Las Monedas
La Pasiega
El Pendo
Tito Bustillo
Altxerri
Santimamiñe
Los Aviones

Rock art of the Iberian Mediterranean Basin World Heritage Site)
Araña
Roca dels Moros

Other World Heritage Sites
Atapuerca
Siega Verde

Other caves with decoration
Bacinete
Barranc del Migdia
Las Caldas
Los Casares
Maltravieso
los Murciélagos
Nerja
Niño
Ojo Guareña
Peñas de Cabrera
la Pileta
Praileaitz
Sidrón

Other caves
Ángel
Antón
Armintxe
Axlor
Bedmar
dels Bous
Don Gaspar
Guanches
El Mirón
Santa Catalina
del Valle

Switzerland|

* Bichon
* Wildkirchli

Ukraine|

* Verteba

United Kingdom|

* Aveline's Hole
* Bontnewydd
* Cathole
* Coygan
* Creswell Crags
* Gough's
* Heathery Burn
* High Pasture
* Kendrick's
* Kents
* Long Hole
* Marble Arch
* Oldbury
* Portbraddon
* Red Lady of Paviland
* Sand
* Thor's
* Windmill Hill

Asia

| Afghanistan|

* Darra-e Kur

|

Armenia|

* Areni-1

Azerbaijan|

* Allar
* Azykh
* Buzeyir
* Damjili
* Tağlar
* Zar
* Gazma

Cambodia|

* Laang Spean

China|

* Baishiya
* Fuyan
* Guanyindong
* Luobi
* Tianyuan
* Xianren
* Yuchanyan
* Zhoukoudian
* Zengpiyan
* Zhiren

East Timor|

* Jerimalai
* Laili
* Lene Hara

Georgia|

* Satsurblia

India|

* Ambadevi
* Belum
* Bhimbetka
* Edakkal
* Gudiyam
* Pahargarh
* Tikla

Indonesia|

* Harimau
* Jeriji Saléh
* Liang Bua
* Pettakere

Iran|

* Bisitun
* Darband
* Do-Ashkaft
* Eshkaft-e Siahoo
* Huto and Kamarband
* Qaleh Bozi
* Warwasi
* Wezmeh
* Yafteh

Iraq|

* Hazar Merd
* Shanidar

Israel|

* Amud
* HaYonim
* Kebara
* Manot
* Misliya
* Nahal Me'arot
* El Wad
* Jamal
* Skhul
* Tabun
* Nahal Hemar
* Nahal Oren
* Qafzeh
* Qesem
* Raqefet
* Zuttiyeh

Japan|

* Kosegasawa
* Minatogawa
* Muroya
* Ōzakai
* Pinza-Abu
* Shiraho Saonetabaru
* Tobayama
* Yamashita

Jordan|

* Iraq ed-Dubb

Laos|

* Tham An Mah
* Tam Pa Ling

Lebanon|

* Antelias
* Jeita
* Kaukaba
* Ksar Akil
* Ras Baalbek I
* Ras El Kelb
* Nachcharini

Malaysia|

* Niah

Mongolia|

* Khoit Tsenkher

Myanmar|

* Padah-Lin

Pakistan|

* Sanghao

Palestine|

* Shuqba

Philippines|

* Callao
* Guyangan
* Kalanay
* Minori
* Lapuz Lapuz
* Tabon

Sri Lanka|

* Batadombalena
* Belilena
* Fa Hien
* Hunugalagala

Thailand|

* Pha Taem
* Spirit
* Tham Lod

Turkmenistan|

Dzhebel

Turkey|

* Belbaşı
* Karain
* Yarımburgaz

Uzbekistan|

* Obi-Rakhmat
* Teshik-Tash

Vietnam|

* Con Moong
* Ngườm

Africa

| Algeria|

* Gueldaman

|

Botswana|

* Tsodilo
* Manyana Rock Paintings

Cameroon|

* Shum Laka

DR Congo|

* Matupi

Egypt|

* Beasts
* Swimmers

Kenya|

* Enkapune Ya Muto
* Njoro River

Lesotho|

* Liphofung

Libya|

* Haua Fteah
* Uan Muhuggiag

Morocco|

* Hercules
* Ifri N'Ammar
* Ifri N'Amr Ou Moussa
* Ifri Oudadane
* Jebel Irhoud
* Kelif el Boroud
* Taforalt

Mozambique|

* Ngalue

Namibia|

* Apollo 11
* The White Lady

Nigeria|

* Rop

Somaliland|

* Dhambalin
* Dhaymoole
* Laas Geel

South Africa|

Cradle of Humankind, World Heritage Site
Bolt's Farm
Cooper's
Drimolen
Gladysvale
Gondolin
Haasgat
Kromdraai
Makapansgat
Malapa
Minnaar's
Motsetsi
Plovers Lake
Rising Star
Sterkfontein
Swartkrans

Other caves
Blombos
Border
Boomplaas
Byneskranskop
Cango
Diepkloof
Elands Bay
Howieson's Poort
Klasies River
Melkhoutboom
Nelson Bay
Pinnacle Point
Sibudu
Stadsaal
Wonderwerk

Tanzania|

* Kondoa
* Bahi
* Mumba

Uganda|

* Nyero

Zambia|

* Kalemba
* Mumbwa

Zimbabwe|

* Bambata

North and South America

| Argentina|

* Cueva de las Manos

|

Aruba|

* Quadiriki

Belize|

* Actun Tunichil Muknal
* Barton Creek
* Midnight Terror

Brazil|

* Gentio
* Maquiné
* Pedra Pintada
* Peruaçu
* Rei do Mato
* Santo
* Toca da Tira Peia

Canada|

* Bluefish
* Charlie Lake

Chile|

* Fell
* Milodón

Colombia|

* El Abra
* Chiribiquete
* Piedras del Tunjo
* Sáchica
* Tequendama
* Tibitó

Cuba|

* Ambrosio
* Calero
* Centella
* Cura
* Patana
* Pluma

Curaçao|

* Hato

Dominican Republic|

* Pomier

Jamaica|

* Long Mile

Mexico|

* Chan Hol
* Coxcatlan
* Dzibilchaltún
* Las Flechas
* Frightful
* Guilá Naquitz
* Ox Bel Ha
* Oxtotitlán
* Sac Actun

Peru|

* Chivateros
* Guitarrero
* Pikimachay
* Qillqatani
* Toquepala
* T'uqu T'uquyuq

Suriname|

* Werehpai

United States|

* Arnold Research
* Baker
* Bonfire
* Bull Thistle
* Burnet
* Cherry Creek
* Colorado Millennial
* Danger
* Daugherty's
* Dry Creek
* Durango
* Dust
* Dutchess Quarry
* Fort Rock
* Franktown
* Gatecliff
* Graham
* Hidden
* Hidden Valley
* Hogup
* Humboldt
* La Grange
* Last Supper
* Levi
* LoDaisKa
* Lovelock
* Mammoth
* Mantle's
* Marmes
* Martz
* Meadowcroft
* Modoc
* Mummy
* On Your Knees
* Paisley
* Pendejo
* Pictograph
* Rockhouse Cliffs
* Russell
* Sandia
* Shoup
* Sisyphus
* Stanfield-Worley
* Tainter
* Tomaquag
* Trail Creek
* Trinchera
* Ventana
* Wilson Butte

Oceania

| Australia|

* Abrakurrie
* Acheron
* Ballawinne
* Beeton Shelter
* Beginner's Luck
* Blanche
* Bone
* Burrup
* Cave Bay
* Cliefden
* Cloggs
* Devil's Lair
* Eagles Reach
* Fossil
* Gabarnmung
* Gwion Gwion
* Jenolan
* Koongine
* Koonalda
* Kutikina
* Mackintosh 90/1
* Madjedbebe
* Mammoth
* Mannalargenna
* Mudgegonga
* Murrawijinie
* Murujuga
* Naracoorte
* New Guinea II
* Nunamira
* ORS 7
* Tarragal
* Ubirr
* Wargata Mina
* Warratyi
* Warreen
* Wellington

|

Guam|

* Gadao's
* Mahlac
* Talagi

Hawaii|

* Makauwahi

New Caledonia|

* Pindai

New Zealand|

* Moncks
* Ruakuri

Northern Mariana Islands|

* Chugai'

Papua New Guinea|

* Kilu

Samoa|

* Falemauga

Tuvalu|

* Nanumanga

* Cave
* List of caves
* Cave painting
* List of Stone Age art
* Speleology

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