Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila

Archdiocese in the Philippines

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Archdiocese of Manila

Archidioecesis Manilensis

Arkidiyosesis ng Maynila
Arquidiócesis de Manila

Catholic

Manila Cathedral

Coat of arms

Location
Country|  Philippines
Territory|

* City of Manila
* Taguig (Embo barangays)
* Makati
* Mandaluyong
* Pasay (except Newport City and Villamor Air Base)
* City of San Juan
* Quezon City (EDSA Shrine)

Ecclesiastical province| Manila
Deaneries|

13 (list)

* Espiritu Santo
* Holy Family
* José de Trozo
* Our Lady of Loreto
* San Felipe Neri
* Santo Niño
* Nuestra Señora de Guia
* San Fernando de Dilao
* Santa Clara de Montefalco
* Saint Joseph the Worker
* Saints Peter and Paul
* Our Lady of Guadalupe
* Saint John the Baptist

Headquarters| Arzobispado de Manila
Intramuros, Manila 1002
Coordinates| 14°35′26″N 120°58′15″E﻿ / ﻿14.5904202°N 120.9708023°E﻿ / 14.5904202; 120.9708023
Statistics
Area| 549 km2 (212 sq mi)
Population
- Total
- Catholics| (as of 2021)
3,287,728
2,663,060[1] (81%)
Parishes| Around 100 full-fledged parishes, quasi parish, 1 personal parish, chaplaincies, mission stations (mall and condo chapels)
Information
Denomination| Catholic
Sui iuris church| Latin Church
Rite| Roman Rite
Established| February 6, 1579; 446 years ago (1579-02-06) (Diocese)
August 14, 1595; 429 years ago (1595-08-14) (Archdiocese)
Cathedral| Minor Basilica and Metropolitan Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception
Patroness| Immaculate Conception
Secular priests| 256
Language| English and Filipino
Current leadership
Pope| Francis
Metropolitan Archbishop| Cardinal Jose Advincula
Suffragans|

* Jesse Mercado (Parañaque)
* Elias Ayuban (Cubao)
* Marcelino Antonio Maralit (San Pablo)
* Reynaldo G. Evangelista (Imus)
* Mylo Hubert Vergara (Pasig)
* Cardinal Pablo Virgilio David (Kalookan)
* Ruperto Santos (Antipolo)
* Dennis Villarojo (Malolos)
* Roberto Gaa (Novaliches)

Vicar General| Reginald R. Malicdem
Episcopal Vicars|

* Esteban U. Lo (Manila)
* Roderick L. Castro (Makati with Embo barangays)
* Cesar V. Buhat (Mandaluyong)
* Edgardo Coroza (Pasay)
* Michael Kalaw (San Juan)

Bishops emeritus|

* Gaudencio Rosales[note 1]
* Luis Antonio Tagle[note 1]
* Gabriel V. Reyes[note 2]
* Teodoro Bacani Jr.[note 2]
* Ramon Arguelles[note 2]
* Crisostomo Yalung[note 2]
* Rolando Tria Tirona[note 2]
* Jesse Mercado[note 2]

Map

Jurisdiction of the metropolitan see within the Philippines.
Website
Archdiocese of Manila
Sources:[2][3][4]

The Archdiocese of Manila (Latin: Archidioecesis Manilensis; Filipino: Arkidiyosesis ng Maynilà; Spanish: Arquidiócesis de Manila) is the archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in Metro Manila, Philippines, encompassing the cities of Manila, Makati, San Juan, Mandaluyong, Pasay, and some barangays in Taguig City (the Embo barangays). Its cathedral is the Minor Basilica and Metropolitan Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, also known as the Manila Cathedral, located in Intramuros, which comprises the old city of Manila. The Blessed Virgin Mary, under the title Immaculate Conception, is the principal patroness of the archdiocese.

The Archdiocese of Manila is the oldest diocese in the Philippines, created in 1579 as a diocese and elevated as a metropolitan archdiocese in 1595. Since its last territorial changes in 2003, the Archdiocese of Manila is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province of the same name, which also include seven dioceses encompassing other parts of the National Capital Region such as Antipolo (Marikina), Cubao, Kalookan, Novaliches, Parañaque, Malolos (Valenzuela), and Pasig, as well as four dioceses of its surrounding provinces of Cavite (Diocese of Imus), Rizal (Diocese of Antipolo), Bulacan (Diocese of Malolos), and Laguna (Diocese of San Pablo).

In addition, the archdiocese also serves as the de facto overseer of the Military Ordinariate of the Philippines, as well as the Apostolic Vicariates of Puerto Princesa and Taytay in Palawan, all exempt dioceses of the Holy See (with the vicariates under the jurisdiction of the Dicastery for Evangelization).

The archdiocese also owns, operates, and manages institutions, assets, and properties outside its own territorial jurisdiction, such as EDSA Shrine, the radio station DZRV Radio Veritas 846 kHz, and Our Lady of Veritas Chapel (in Quezon City), Mount Peace and Saint Michael Retreat Houses in Baguio City and Antipolo City respectively, Redemptoris Mater Missionary Seminary Manila in Parañaque City, and the Radio Veritas transmitter in Bulacan. Additionally, the archdiocese is a shareholder of the Bank of the Philippine Islands. [5]

Since June 24, 2021, Cardinal Jose Fuerte Cardinal Advincula is the Archbishop of Manila.[6]

## History

[edit]

Interior of the Throne Room in the Archbishop's Palace as it was during the Spanish colonial period.

Per the efforts of conquistador Martín de Goiti – who founded the City of Manila by uniting the dominions of Sulayman III of Namayan, Sabag, Rajah Ache Matanda of Maynila who was a vassal to the Sultan of Brunei, and Lakan Dula of Tondo who was a tributary to Ming dynasty China – the Diocese of Manila was established on February 6, 1579, through the papal bull Illius Fulti Præsidio by Pope Gregory XIII, encompassing all Spanish colonies in Asia as a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Mexico. Fray Domingo de Salazar, a Dominican from the Convent of San Sebastian in Salamanca, Spain, was selected by King Philip II of Spain to be bishop of the new diocese and was presented to the pope.[7][8]

Over the course of history and growth of Catholicism in the Philippines, the diocese was elevated and new dioceses had been carved from its territory. On August 14, 1595, Pope Clement VIII raised the diocese to the status of an archdiocese with Bishop Ignacio Santibáñez its first archbishop. Three new dioceses were created as suffragans to Manila: Nueva Cáceres, Nueva Segovia, and Cebu. With the creation of these new dioceses, the territory of the archdiocese was reduced to the city of Manila and the adjoining civil provinces in proximity including Mindoro Island. It was bounded to the north by the Diocese of Nueva Segovia, to the south by the Diocese of Cebu, and to the southeast by the Diocese of Nueva Cáceres.[9]

During the Hispanic period, the archdiocese was ruled by a succession of Spanish and Latino archbishops. In the 1600s, Fr. Joaquin Martinez de Zuñiga, conducted a census of the Archdiocese of Manila which held most of Luzon under its spiritual care, and he reported 90,243 native Filipino tributes;[10]: 539 10,512 Chinese (Sangley) and mixed Chinese Filipino mestizo tributes;[10]: 537 and 10,517 mixed Spanish Filipino mestizo tributes.[10]: 539 Pure Spaniards are not counted as they are exempt from tribute, with each tribute representing an average family of 6. Out of these, Fr. Joaquin Martinez de Zuñiga exterpolated a total population count exceeding half a million souls.[10]: 537

The British occupation of Manila during the Seven Years' War saw the temporary conversion of Sultan Azim ud-Din I of Sulu to Catholicism, the massive looting and destruction of ecclesiastical treasures, as well as the burning of churches by British soldiers, Sepoy mercenaries, and rebellious Chinese residents in Binondo. This episode was particularly damaging to Philippine scholarship due to the fact that the monasteries holding the archives and artifacts about the pre-colonial Philippine Rajahnates, Kedatuans, Sultanates, Lakanates, and Wangdoms and their conversion to Catholicism were either burnt, lost, or looted by the British. An example would be the Boxer Codex, whose earliest owner Lord Giles of Ilchester had inherited it from an ancestor who stole it from Manila during the British Occupation.[11]

Nevertheless, peace was subsequently restored after the Protestant British occupation. In the time after this, the Catholic religious orders became the powerful driving force in the Archdiocese of Manila (with the exception of the Jesuits who were temporarily suppressed by the Spaniards due to their role in anti-imperialist movements in Latin America) as Jesuits supported the Paraguayan Reductions since Jesuits even supported the natives there against Portuguese and Spanish slavers. The local Filipino diocesan clergy resented the foreign religious orders due to their near monopoly of ecclesiastical positions which violated the declarations of the Catholic Church's Council of Trent, that, once an area is no longer a missionary area but a regular diocese, friars are to surrender the parishes to diocesan priests.[12] However, upon the suppression of the Jesuits, the Recollect Order moving to the parishes once owned by Jesuits, surrendered their parishes to local Filipino diocesan clergy, temporarily assuaging Filipino yearnings.[12] However upon the restoration of the Jesuits, the Recollects were forced to retake their parishes from the diocesans. The opposition of the religious orders against an autonomous diocesan clergy independent of them lead to the martyrdom of Filipino diocesan priests Mariano Gomez, José Burgos, Jacinto Zamora collectively known as Gomburza who were wrongly implicated in the Cavite Mutiny, since the Spanish feared that, because a priest, Miguel Hidalgo lead the Mexican war of independence against Spain, the same would happen in the Philippines.[12] Furthermore the Governor General who was a Freemason, Rafael Izquierdo y Gutiérrez upon discovering the Cavite Mutiny was led by fellow Freemasons: Maximo Innocencio, Crisanto de los Reyes, and Enrique Paraiso; the Governor-General, as per his Masonic vow to protect fellow brothers of the Craft, shifted the blame to Gomburza since they had inspired ethnic pride among Filipinos due to their campaign for reform.[12] The Governor-General asked the Catholic hierarchy in the person of Archbishop of Manila Gregorio Meliton Martinez to have them declared as heretics and defrocked but he refused as he believed in Gomburza's innocence. As the Imperial government executed Gomburza, churches all across the territory were rung in mourning.[12] This inspired the Jesuit educated and future National Hero Jose Rizal to form the La Liga Filipina, to ask for reforms from Spain and recognition of local clergy.

Rizal was executed and the La Liga Filipina dissolved. As cries for reform were ignored, formerly loyal Filipinos were radicalized and the 1896 Philippine revolution was triggered when the Spanish discovered the anti-colonial secret organisation Katipunan (formed with Masonic rites in mind, and Freemasonry is traditionally Anti-Catholic, yet were dedicated to the martyred Catholic priests Gomburza as Gomburza was a password in the Katipunan), the Katipunan waged the revolution leading to the end of Spanish rule. The United States took the Philippines from Spain in the 1898 Spanish–American War; this developed into fighting between the Philippine revolutionaries and the U.S. in the 1899–1902 Philippine–American War, many Katipuneros were devastated that their fellow Masons on the Masonic founded United States Republic killed their fellow Masonic founded Katipunan, as evidenced by the fact that the American Masonic lodges dismissed the Philippine Revolutionary Masonic lodges as "irregular" and illigitimate,[13] For the remainder of this period, Philippine Freemasonry was subservient to the Grand Lodge of California.[14] this followed by victory for the U.S. and disestablishment of the Roman Catholic Church as the state church of the Philippines. In the period after the war, Philippine churches were restored in the Art-Deco architectural motif. There was a looming threat of apostasy and schism with the rise of anti-clerical Philippine Freemasonry and the establishment of the Philippine Independent Church due to Filipino anger against Spanish ecclesiastical corruption.[15] In response, the Vatican supported Philippine independence and applied a policy of reinforcing orthodoxy and reconciliation which resulted in the majority of the Filipinos remaining faithful to the Roman Catholic Church and having a good number of those separated from the Church grafted back.

Old Ecclesiastical Seal of the Archdiocese of Manila used until 1949

On April 10, 1910, Pope Pius X carved a separate diocese out of Manila, namely, the Diocese of Lipa, with jurisdiction over the provinces of Batangas, Tayabas, Marinduque, Laguna and Mindoro, and some parts of Masbate. In May 1928, Pope Pius XI established the Diocese of Lingayen, carved from Manila and Nueva Segovia. In this creation, twenty-six parishes were separated from Manila.

December 8, 1941, marked the beginning of the Japanese occupation of the Philippines.[16] World War II marked a period of irreplaceable loss to the Archdiocese of Manila. The combination of violent theft and arson done by the Japanese and indiscriminate carpet bombing by the Americans during the Battle of Manila (1945) led to the permanent loss of many of the ancient Gothic, Art-Deco, and Earthquake Baroque churches.[17] Interestingly, then Father Rufino Jiao Santos (the future Archbishop of Manila) was taken as a captive by the Japanese but fortunately was saved by the combined Filipino and American forces.

The Virgin Mary as the Immaculate Conception, patroness of the archdiocese

In the aftermath of the war, in September 1942, Pope Pius XII declared Our Lady of Immaculate Conception as the Principal Patroness of the Philippines by virtue of the papal bull, Impositi Nobis, along with Pudentiana and Rose of Lima as secondary patrons.[18]

Due to the heavy damages resulting from World War II, the Manila Cathedral underwent major rebuilding from 1946 to 1958. The Parish of San Miguel served as pro-cathedral or temporary cathedral of the local church until the Manila Cathedral was reopened and consecrated in 1958.

On December 11, 1948, the Apostolic Constitution Probe Noscitur further divided the Archdiocese of Manila by placing the northern part of the local church in the new Diocese of San Fernando. On November 25, 1961, the Archdiocese of Manila was again partitioned with the creation of the Diocese of Malolos for the province of Bulacan in the north and the Diocese of Imus for the province of Cavite in the South.

Pope John Paul II declared the Manila Cathedral a minor basilica in 1981 through the motu proprio Quod ipsum, issued as a papal bull.[19] In 1983, the province of Rizal, together with the city of Marikina and the northeastern part of Pasig, was placed under the new Diocese of Antipolo.

The archdiocese witnessed many grace-filled church events such as the Second Synod of Manila (1911), the Third Synod of Manila (1925), the 33rd International Eucharistic Congress (1937), the First Plenary Council of the Philippines (1953), the papal visit of Pope Paul VI (1970), the Fourth Synod of Manila (1979), the papal visits of Pope John Paul II (the first in 1981 and the second in 1995), the National Marian Year (1985), the National Eucharistic Year (1987), the Second Plenary Council of the Philippines (1991), the Second Provincial Council of Manila (1996), the Fourth World Meeting of Families (2003), and the papal visit of Pope Francis (2015).

In 2002, two more dioceses were carved out of the Archdiocese: the Diocese of Novaliches and the Diocese of Parañaque. In 2003, three more dioceses were erected: Cubao, Kalookan, and Pasig.

## Coat of arms

[edit]

The arms of the metropolitan see of Manila is an adaptation of the arms granted by Philip II of Spain to the "insigne y siempre leal (distinguished and ever loyal)" city of Manila in 1596. The silver crescent represents the Immaculate Conception, patroness of the Manila Cathedral and of the entire Philippines. The tower represents God himself whom the psalmist calls in Psalms 60 turris fortis contra inimicum (turris fortitudinis a facie inimici in the Gallician psalter). The three windows make the tower represent the Blessed Trinity: Father, Son and Holy Ghost, three Persons in one God. The sea lion represents the Philippines, then-an overseas territory of Spain, and the pilgrim's cross which may be easily fixed on the ground symbolizes both the faith of the Filipino people and their missionary role in spreading that faith.[20]

## Archbishops

[edit]

The cathedra of the Archbishop of Manila inside Manila Cathedral.

The seat of the archbishop is at Manila Cathedral. After the first bishop of Manila Domingo de Salazar, the diocese became an archdiocese and there have been nineteen archbishops of Spanish origin. In 1903, the archdiocese received its first American archbishop, Jeremiah James Harty from St. Louis, Missouri. After him, the Irishman Michael J. O'Doherty was appointed in 1916. O'Doherty would lead the church during a period when Filipinos were petitioning for sovereignty from the United States and during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines during World War II.

When O'Doherty died after Philippine independence in 1946, the coadjutor archbishop Gabriel Reyes became the first native Filipino in the position. Reyes' successor, Archbishop Rufino Jiao Santos, became the first Filipino to become a cardinal in 1960. Since then, all archbishops were of Filipino origin and were created cardinals.

After the departure of Cardinal-Archbishop Luis Antonio Tagle to assume the position as prefect of Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples in February 9, 2020, Auxiliary Bishop Broderick Pabillo lead the archdiocese as apostolic administrator for 17 months during the COVID-19 pandemic, until Tagle's successor, then-Archbishop of Capiz José Fuerte Advíncula, took office in June 24, 2021.[21]

### List of Archbishops of Manila

[edit]

No.  |  | Name  | From  | Until

|
|
|
|

1  |  | Domingo de Salazar, O.P. | February 6, 1579  | December 4, 1594
2  |  | Ignacio Santibáñez, O.F.M. | August 30, 1595  | August 14, 1598
3  |  | Miguel de Benavides, O.P. | October 7, 1602  | July 26, 1605
4  |  | Diego Vázquez de Mercado | May 28, 1608  | June 12, 1616
5  |  | Miguel García Serrano, O.S.A. | February 12, 1618  | June 14, 1629
6  |  | Hernando Guerrero, O.S.A. | January 9, 1634  | July 1, 1641
7  |  | Fernando Montero Espinosa, O.P. | February 5, 1646  | 1648
8  |  | Miguel de Poblete Casasola | January 21, 1649  | December 8, 1667
9  |  | Juan López Galván | November 14, 1672  | February 12, 1674
10  |  | Felipe Fernández de Pardo, O.P. | October 28, 1681  | December 31, 1689
11  |  | Diego Camacho y Ávila | August 19, 1696  | January 14, 1704
12  |  | Francisco de la Cuesta, O.S.H. | August 12, 1707  | September 27, 1723
13  |  | Carlos Bermúdez de Castro y González  | November 20, 1724  | November 13, 1729
14  |  | Juan Ángel Rodríguez, O.Ss.T. | May 18, 1731  | June 24, 1742
15  |  | Pedro de la Santísima Trinidad Martínez de Arizala, O.F.M. | February 3, 1744  | May 28, 1755
16  |  | Manuel Rojo del Río y Vieyra | December 19, 1757  | January 30, 1764
17  |  | Basílio Sancho de Santa Justa, Sch.P. | April 14, 1766  | December 15, 1787
18  |  | Juan Antonio Orbigo de Gallego, O.F.M. | December 15, 1788  | May 17, 1797
19  |  | Juan Antonio Zulaibar, O.P. | March 26, 1804  | March 4, 1824
20  |  | Hilarión Díez, O.S.A. | July 3, 1826  | May 7, 1829
21  |  | José Seguí, O.S.A. | July 5, 1830  | July 4, 1845
22  |  | José Julián de Aranguren, O.A.R. | January 19, 1846  | April 18, 1861
23  |  | Gregorio Melitón Martínez Santa Cruz  | December 23, 1861  | September 30, 1875
24  |  | Pedro Payo y Piñeiro, O.P. | January 28, 1876  | January 1, 1889
25  |  | Bernardino Nozaleda y Villa, O.P. | May 27, 1889  | February 4, 1902
26  |  | Jeremiah James Harty | June 6, 1903  | May 16, 1916
(Transferred to Diocese of Omaha)
27  |  | Michael J. O'Doherty | September 6, 1916  | October 13, 1949
(Died in office)
28  |  | Gabriel Reyes | October 13, 1949  | October 15, 1952
(Died in office)
29  |  | Rufino Jiao Cardinal Santos | February 10, 1953  | September 3, 1973
(Died in office)
30  |  | Jaime Lachica Cardinal Sin | March 19, 1974  | November 21, 2003
(Retired)
31  |  | Gaudencio Borbon Cardinal Rosales | November 21, 2003  | December 12, 2011
(Retired)
32  |  | Luis Antonio Gokim Cardinal Tagle | December 12, 2011  | February 9, 2020
(Became prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples)[22]
33  |  | José Fuerte Cardinal Advíncula, O.P. | June 24, 2021  | present

## Coadjutor Archbishops

[edit]

* Romualdo J. Ballesteros (1845–1846), did not succeed to see; appointed Bishop of Cebu
* Gabriel M. Reyes (1949–1952)

## Auxiliary Bishops

[edit]

* Ginés Barrientos (1680–1698)
* Jose Maria Segui Molas (1829–1830), appointed 21st Archbishop of Manila
* William Finnemann (1929–1936), appointed Prefect of Mindoro
* Cesar Maria Guerrero y Gutierrez (1937–1949), appointed Bishop of San Fernando
* Rufino Jiao Santos (1947–1953), appointed 29th Archbishop; made Cardinal by John XXIII in 1960
* Vicente Posada Reyes (1950–1961), appointed Bishop of Borongan
* Hernando Izquierdo Antiporda (1954–1975)
* Pedro Bantigue y Natividad (1961–1967), appointed Bishop of San Pablo
* Bienvenido M. Lopez (1966–1995)
* Artemio G. Casas (1968–1974), appointed Archbishop of Jaro
* Amado Paulino y Hernandez (1969–1985)
* Gaudencio Borbon Rosales (1974–1982), appointed Coadjutor Bishop of Malaybalay; later appointed 31st Archbishop; made Cardinal by Benedict XVI in 2006
* Oscar Valero Cruz (1976–1978), appointed Archbishop of San Fernando
* Protacio G. Gungon (1977–1983), appointed Bishop of Antipolo
* Leonardo Legaspi (1977–1984), appointed Archbishop of Caceres (Nueva Caceres)
* Manuel C. Sobreviñas (1979–1993), appointed Bishop of Imus
* Gabriel V. Reyes (1981–1992), appointed Bishop of Kalibo
* Teodoro J. Buhain, Jr. (1983–2003)
* Teodoro Bacani (1984–2002) appointed Bishop of Novaliches
* Leoncio L. Lat (1985–1992)
* Ramon Arguelles (1993–1995), appointed Military Ordinary of the Philippines
* Crisostomo A. Yalung (1994–2001), appointed Bishop of Antipolo
* Rolando Joven Tria Tirona (1994–1996), appointed Bishop of Malolos
* Jesse Mercado (1997–2002), appointed Bishop of Parañaque
* Socrates B. Villegas (2001–2004), appointed Bishop of Balanga
* Bernardino C. Cortez (2004–2014), appointed Prelate of Infanta
* Broderick S. Pabillo (2006–2021) appointed Vicar Apostolic of Taytay

## Priests of this diocese who became bishops

[edit]

* Francisco Sales Reyes y Alicante, appointed Bishop of the Archdiocese of Nueva Caceres (now Archdiocese of Caceres) in 1925
* Artemio Gabriel Casas, appointed 1st Bishop of Imus in 1961; later returned to the archdiocese as auxiliary bishop
* Felix Paz Perez, appointed 2nd Bishop of Imus in 1969
* Antonio Realubin Tobias, appointed auxiliary bishop of Zamboanga in 1982, then bishop of the Diocese of Pagadian, Diocese of San Fernando in La Union, and finally Diocese of Novaliches until retirement in 2019
* Francisco Capiral San Diego, appointed Coadjutor Vicar Apostolic of Palawan in 1983, then became Apostolic Vicar of Apostolic Vicariate of Puerto Princesa, 2nd bishop of the Diocese of San Pablo, Laguna and later 1st bishop of the Diocese of Pasig.
* Francisco Mendoza de Leon, Auxiliary Bishop of the Diocese of Antipolo (September 1, 2007 – November 21, 2015), Coadjutor Bishop of Antipolo (November 22, 2015 – September 10, 2016) and 4th Bishop of the Diocese of Antipolo (September 10, 2016 – July 22, 2023).
* Socrates Buenaventura Villegas, 3rd Bishop of the Diocese of Balanga (May 3, 2004 – November 4, 2009) and 5th Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Lingayen-Dagupan (November 4, 2009 – present)
* Ruperto Cruz Santos, 4th Bishop of the Diocese of Balanga (April 1, 2010 – July 22, 2023), 5th Bishop of the Diocese of Antipolo (July 22, 2023 – present)
* Roberto Orendain Gaa, 3rd Bishop of the Diocese of Novaliches (August 24, 2019 – present)
* Jose Alan Verdejo Dialogo, 5th Bishop of the Diocese of Sorsogon (October 15, 2019 – present)
* Arnaldo Sanchez Catalan, Apostolic Nuncio to Rwanda (January 31, 2022 – present)
* Rufino Coronel Sescon, Jr., 5th Bishop of the Diocese of Balanga (March 1, 2025 – present)

## Formation of priests

[edit]

The archdiocese administers San Carlos Seminary, the archdiocesan major seminary which caters to the formation of future priests for the archdiocese and for its suffragan dioceses. Located in Guadalupe Viejo, Makati, it has a pre-college program (senior high school and formation year), a college program (A.B., philosophy), and a graduate school (master's program in theology or pastoral ministry), as well as a formation houses for future priests committed to serve the Filipino-Chinese communities in the country (Lorenzo Ruiz Mission Society) and a center for adult vocations (Holy Apostles Senior Seminary). The archdiocese also operates Our Lady of Guadalupe Minor Seminary for young men at the secondary school level. It is located a few blocks from San Carlos Seminary.

## Schools

[edit]

The Roman Catholic Archbishop of Manila Educational System (RCAMES) comprises 27 archdiocesan and parochial schools. The archbishop of Manila exercises authority in each member school and appoints a superintendent for the entire system to implement decisions and resolve issues. The member schools are:[23]

* Ermita Catholic School
* Espiritu Santo Parochial School
* Guadalupe Catholic School
* Holy Child Catholic School
* Holy Family Parochial School
* Holy Trinity Academy
* Jaime Cardinal Sin Learning Center
* Malate Catholic School
* Manila Cathedral School
* Our Lady of Fatima Catholic School
* Our Lady of Guadalupe Minor Seminary
* Paco Catholic School
* Sacred Heart of Jesus Catholic School
* Saint Anthony School
* Saint Joseph School - Gagalangin
* Saint Joseph's School of Pandacan
* Saint Peter the Apostle School
* Saint Pius X Parochial School
* San Felipe Neri Parochial School
* San Isidro Catholic School
* San Juan de Dios Educational Foundation
* San Pablo Apostol Learning Center
* San Rafael Parochial School
* Santa Clara Parish School
* Santa Isabel College
* St. John the Baptist Catholic School
* The Nazarene Catholic School

## See also

[edit]

* List of Catholic dioceses in the Philippines
* Catholic Church in the Philippines
* The Royal and Conciliar San Carlos Seminary

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ a b Former Archbishop of Manila
2. ^ a b c d e f Former Auxiliary Bishop of Manila

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Manila (Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese)". gcatholic.org. Archived from the original on October 29, 2023. Retrieved September 16, 2023.
2. ^ "Manila (Archdiocese)". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Archived from the original on March 26, 2019. Retrieved May 3, 2023.
3. ^ "Appointment of Episcopal Vicars and Vicars Forane". February 7, 2023. Archived from the original on June 10, 2023. Retrieved June 10, 2023.
4. ^ "Vicariates and Parishes". Retrieved May 8, 2023.
5. ^ "$BPI Top 100 Stockholders as of June 24, 2024". PSE. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
6. ^ Depasupil, William (June 24, 2021). "Cardinal Advincula installed as 33rd Manila archbishop". The Manila Times. Retrieved June 24, 2021.
7. ^ "History – the First Cathedral 1581–1583 Archived May 24, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Manila Metropolitan Cathedral-Basilica Official Website. Retrieved on March 22, 2013.
8. ^ de Achútegui, Pedro S. (1979). "A Problem of Chronology: The Quadricentennial of Manila and the Gregorian Calendar". Philippine Studies. 27 (3): 417–431\. ISSN 0031-7837. JSTOR 42632495.417-431&rft.date=1979&rft_id=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42632495#id-name=JSTOR&rft.issn=0031-7837&rft.aulast=de+Achútegui&rft.aufirst=Pedro+S.&rft_id=http://www.jstor.org/stable/42632495&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Roman+Catholic+Archdiocese+of+Manila" class="Z3988">
9. ^ "History – The Second Cathedral 1591–1600" Archived May 25, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Manila Metropolitan Cathedral-Basilica Official Website. Retrieved on March 22, 2013.
10. ^ a b c d "ESTADISMO DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS TOMO PRIMERO By Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga (Original Spanish)" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on March 9, 2016. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
11. ^ Roces, Alfredo R., ed. (1977). "Boxer Codex". Filipino Heritage: the Making of a Nation. Vol. IV. Philippines: Lahing Pilipino Publishing. p. 1004.
12. ^ a b c d e Escalante, Rene (May 12, 2020). "WATCH: GOMBURZA an NHCP Documentary" (video). youtube.com. National Historical Commission of the Philippines. Archived from the original on February 27, 2024. Retrieved May 15, 2023.
13. ^ [1] Archived 2025-02-24 at the Wayback Machine"The Filipino Lodges felt that the American Lodges had not acted with true Masonic spirit in not inviting to the Convention Lodges working under the Grand Oriente Español. The reason such an invitation was not extended was because most members of Lodges holding Charters from California agreed that it would be considered irregular by many of the Grand Lodges of the United States, which would neither take the time nor show interest enough to investigate the reasons for such action. They would simply have refused to grant recognition to the new Grand Lodge for allowing irregular Lodges to participate in its deliberations."
14. ^ "History of Masonry in the Philippines. Chronology, 1901-1918 - Philippine Center for Masonic Studies". Retrieved September 28, 2016.
15. ^ "Pope Orders Sharp Action; Archbishop of Manila Instructed to Excommunicate Philippine National Church Promoters", New York Times, New York: December 29, 1902. p. 7
16. ^ MacArthur General Staff (1994). "The Japanese Offensive in the Philippines". Report of General MacArthur: The Campaigns of MacArthur in the Pacific Volume I. GEN Harold Keith Johnson, BG Harold Nelson, Douglas MacArthur. United States Army. p. 6\. LCCN 66-60005. Archived from the original on February 12, 2009. Retrieved March 24, 2013.
17. ^ Quezon III, Manuel L. (February 7, 2007). "The Warsaw of Asia: How Manila was Flattened in WWII". Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: Arab News Online (archive.arabnews.com). Opinion. Archived from the original on March 30, 2012. Retrieved August 7, 2010.
18. ^ Pope Pius XII (1942). 34 [1942] \- ocr.pdf "Acts of the Apostolic See – Insularum Philippinarum Beatissima Virgo Maria Titulo Immaculata Concepto Primaria Universalisque Patrona et Sanctae Virgines' Pudentiana ac Rosa Limanae Patronae Secundarias Declarantur" Archived February 16, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, pp. 336–337. Vatican Archives. Retrieved on March 22, 2013.
19. ^ "The Manila Cathedral". manilacathedral.com.ph. Archived from the original on June 24, 2021. Retrieved June 21, 2021.
20. ^ Madriaga, Mariano (1957). "The Coats-of-Arms of the Ecclesiastical Jurisdictions in the Philippines: Part I. The Metropolitan Sees". Philippine Studies. 5 (2): 177–190\. doi:10.13185/2244-1638.3297. JSTOR 42720389. Archived from the original on June 5, 2021. Retrieved June 5, 2021.177-190&rft.date=1957&rft_id=info:doi/10.13185/2244-1638.3297&rft_id=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42720389#id-name=JSTOR&rft.aulast=Madriaga&rft.aufirst=Mariano&rft_id=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42720389&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Roman+Catholic+Archdiocese+of+Manila" class="Z3988">
21. ^ "Cardinal Advincula of Capiz named Manila archbishop". Catholic Church. Rappler. March 25, 2021. Archived from the original on March 25, 2021. Retrieved March 25, 2021.
22. ^ Santos, Tina (February 10, 2020). "Cardinal Tagle celebrates last Mass as Manila archbishop". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
23. ^ "Establishment of the Educational System of the Archdiocese of Manila". Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila Educational System. Archived from the original on December 27, 2021. Retrieved December 26, 2021.

Sources

* Population of the Archdiocese of Manila Statistics of Manila Archdiocese
* Official website
* Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Archdiocese of Manila" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
* Gregory XIII, Pope, 1502–1585. "Bull for erection of the Diocese and Cathedral Church of Manila." In The Philippine Islands, 1493–1898. Cleveland, Ohio: A.H. Clark Company, 1903–9. Vol. 4, 1576–82. pp. 119–124.
* 5 Seminaries under the Archdiocese of Manila

COFOR – The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila

## External links

[edit]

* Website of the Archdiocese of Manila

* v
* t
* e

Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila

Archidioecesis Manilensis

Territories|

* Manila
* Makati
* Mandaluyong
* Pasay
* San Juan
* Quezon City
* Taguig

Ordinaries|

* Domingo de Salazar
* Ignacio Santibáñez
* Miguel de Benavides
* Francisco de la Cuesta
* Manuel Rojo del Río y Vieyra
* Jeremiah James Harty
* Michael J. O'Doherty
* Gabriel M. Reyes
* Rufino J. Cardinal Santos
* Jaime L. Cardinal Sin
* Gaudencio B. Cardinal Rosales
* Luis Antonio G. Cardinal Tagle
* José F. Cardinal Advíncula

Cathedrals|

* Manila–Intramuros
* San Miguel (pro-cathedral, 1945–1958)
* Paco (pro-cathedral, 2012–2014)

Basilicas|

* Manila–Intramuros
* Binondo
* Quiapo
* San Sebastian
* Santa Cruz

Shrines|

| National|

* Sacred Heart
* Saint Jude Thaddeus
* Our Lady of the Abandoned
* Jesus Nazareno
* Saint Lorenzo Ruiz
* Saint Michael and the Archangels
* EDSA
* Our Lady of Loreto
* Our Lady of Guadalupe

|

Archdiocesan|

* Blessed Sacrament
* Ermita
* Espiritu Santo
* Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal
* Jesus, the Way, the Truth, and the Life
* Mandaluyong
* Peñafrancia
* San Antonio de Padua
* San Agustin
* San José de Trozo
* San Juan
* Tondo

Parishes|

| Vicariate of
Holy Family|

* Our Lady of the Abandoned (Santa Ana, Manila)
* Ina ng Laging Saklolo (Sta. Ana, Manila)
* Sagrada Familia (Sta. Ana, Manila)
* Saint Anthony of Padua (Malate, Manila)
* Saint Pius X (Paco, Manila)
* Santisima Trinidad (Malate, Manila)

|

Vicariate of
Espiritu
Santo|

* Espiritu Santo (Santa Cruz, Manila)
* Immaculate Conception (Tondo, Manila)
* Risen Christ (Tondo, Manila)
* Saint Joseph (Tondo, Manila)
* San Jose Manggagawa (Tondo, Manila)
* San Rafael (Tondo, Manila)
* San Roque de Manila (Santa Cruz, Manila)
* Santa Monica (Tondo, Manila)

Vicariate
of Nuestra
Señora
de Guia|

* Nuestra Señora de Guia (Ermita, Manila)
* Our Lady of Correa (Intramuros)
* Immaculate Conception (Intramuros)
* Our Lady of Remedies (Malate, Manila)
* Our Lady of the Assumption (Malate, Manila)
* San Vicente de Paul (Ermita, Manila)
* Santo Niño de Baseco (Port Area, Manila)

Vicariate of
Our Lady
of Loreto|

* Our Lady of Loreto (Sampaloc, Manila)
* Most Holy Trinity (Sampaloc, Manila)
* Nuestra Señora del Perpetuo Socorro (Sampaloc, Manila)
* Nuestra Señora de Salvacion (Sta. Mesa, Manila)
* Our Lady of Fatima (Sta. Mesa, Manila)
* Sacred Heart of Jesus (Sta. Mesa, Manila)
* Sanctuary of Saint Anthony of Padua (Sampaloc, Manila)
* San Roque de Sampaloc (Sampaloc, Manila)
* Santisimo Rosario Parish UST (Sampaloc, Manila)

Vicariate
of San
Fernando
de Dilao|

* Our Lady of Peñafrancia (Paco, Manila)
* Sta. Maria Goretti (Paco, Manila)
* Saint Peter the Apostle (Paco, Manila)
* San Fernando de Dilao (Paco, Manila)
* Santo Niño (Pandacan, Manila)

Vicariate of
San Jose
de Trozo|

* San Sebastian (Quiapo, Manila)
* Saint John the Baptist (Quiapo, Manila)
* Saint Michael and the Archangels (San Miguel, Manila)
* Saint Jude Thaddeus (San Miguel, Manila)
* San Jose De Trozo (Sta. Cruz, Manila)
* Blessed Sacrament (Sta. Cruz, Manila)

Vicariate of
Santo Niño|

* Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary (Binondo)
* Nuestra Señora de la Soledad (Binondo)
* Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage (Tondo, Manila)
* Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary (Binondo)
* Saint John Bosco (Tondo, Manila)
* San Pablo Apostol (Tondo, Manila)
* Santo Niño (Tondo, Manila)

Vicariate of
Our Lady of
Guadalupe|

* Our Lady of Guadalupe (Makati)
* Mary, Mirror of Justice (Taguig)
* Mater Dolorosa (Taguig)
* Saint John Mary Vianney (Taguig)
* Saint John of the Cross (Taguig)
* Santa Teresita (Taguig)
* Santuario de San Antonio (Makati)

Vicariate of
St. Joseph
the Worker|

* Holy Family (Makati)
* Our Lady of Fatima (Makati)
* Saint Alphonsus Mary de Liguori (Makati)
* Saint Joseph the Worker (Makati)
* San Ildefonso (Makati)

Vicariate of
Sts. Peter
& Paul|

* Holy Cross (Makati)
* Sacred Heart (Makati)
* Mary Mother of Hope Mission Station (Makati)
* Nuestra Señora de Gracia (Makati)
* Our Lady of La Paz (Makati)
* Saint Andrew the Apostle (Makati)
* Saint John Bosco (Makati)
* Saints Peter and Paul (Makati)
* Santo Niño de Paz Mission Station (Makati)

Vicariate of
Santa
Clara de
Montefalco|

* Jesus, the Way, the Truth, and the Life (Pasay)
* Mary, Comforter of the Afflicted (Pasay)
* Our Lady of Fatima (Pasay)
* Our Lady of Sorrows (Pasay)
* Our Lady of the Airways (Pasay)
* Our Lady of the Blessed Sacrament (Pasay)
* San Isidro Labrador (Pasay)
* San Juan Nepomuceno (Pasay)
* San Roque (Pasay)
* San Rafael (Pasay)
* Santa Clara de Montefalco (Pasay)

Vicariate of
San Felipe
Neri|

* Divine Mercy (Mandaluyong)
* Our Lady of Fatima (Mandaluyong)
* Our Lady of the Abandoned (Mandaluyong)
* Sacred Heart of Jesus (Mandaluyong)
* Saint Dominic Savio (Mandaluyong)
* San Felipe Neri (Mandaluyong)
* San Roque de Mandaluyong (Mandaluyong)

Vicariate of
St. John
the Baptist|

* Chapel of the Eucharistic Lord (Mandaluyong)
* Mary the Queen (San Juan)
* Mary, Queen of Peace (Quezon City)
* Saint Francis of Assisi (Mandaluyong)
* Saint John the Baptist (San Juan)
* Santuario de San Jose (Mandaluyong)
* Santuario de Santo Cristo (San Juan)

Abbeys|

* Our Lady of Montserrat (Benedictine)

Images|

* Nuestro Padre Jesús Nazareno
* Sto. Niño de Tondo
* Sto. Niño de Pandacan
* Señor Santo Cristo de San Juan
* Nuestra Señora de Guía
* Nuestra Señora de Peñafrancia de Manila
* Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Manila
* Nuestra Señora de Monte Carmelo de San Sebastián
* Nuestra Señora de la Consolación y Correa
* Nuestra Señora de los Desamparados
* Nuestra Señora dela Rosa
* Nuestra Señora de Loreto de Manila
* Nuestra Señora dela Soledad de Manila
* Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal of Manila
* Nuestra Señora de la Purificacion y Candelaria
* La Immaculada Concepción de Manila
* Mary Queen of Peace, Our Lady of EDSA
* Nuestra Señora de la Peregrina de Sampaloc
* Nuestra Señora del Santisimo Rosario de Binondo
* Nuestra Señora de Remedios de Malate

Properties|

* Bank of the Philippine Islands
* Paco Catholic School
* Radio Veritas
* Our Lady of Veritas Chapel
* Radio Veritas Transmitter
* San Carlos Seminary
* TV Maria
* Mt. Peace Retreat House
* St. Michael Retreat House
* Redemptoris Mater Missionary Seminary Manila

Suffragan
dioceses|

* Antipolo
* Cubao
* Imus
* Caloocan
* Malolos
* Novaliches
* Parañaque
* Pasig
* San Pablo

* Catholicism portal
* Philippines portal

* v
* t
* e

Catholic dioceses in the Philippines

Listed by ecclesiastical province with the metropolitan archdioceses in yellow and their suffragan dioceses in white

Cáceres|

* Daet
* Legazpi
* Libmanan
* Masbate
* Sorsogon
* Virac

Cagayan de Oro|

* Butuan
* Malaybalay
* Prosperidad
* Surigao
* Tandag

Capiz|

* Kalibo
* Romblon

Cebu|

* Dumaguete
* Maasin
* Tagbilaran
* Talibon

Cotabato|

* Kidapawan
* Marbel

Davao|

* Digos
* Mati
* Tagum

Jaro|

* Bacolod
* Kabankalan
* San Carlos
* San José de Antique

Lingayen-Dagupan|

* Alaminos
* Cabanatuan
* San Fernando de La Union
* San Jose
* Urdaneta

Lipa|

* Boac
* Gumaca
* Lucena
* Prelature of Infanta

Manila|

* Antipolo
* Cubao
* Imus
* Kalookan
* Malolos
* Novaliches
* Parañaque
* Pasig
* San Pablo

Nueva Segovia|

* Baguio
* Bangued
* Laoag

Ozamis|

* Dipolog
* Iligan
* Pagadian
* Prelature of Marawi

Palo|

* Borongan
* Calbayog
* Catarman
* Naval

San Fernando|

* Balanga
* Iba
* Tarlac

Tuguegarao|

* Bayombong
* Ilagan
* Prelature of Batanes

Zamboanga|

* Ipil
* Prelature of Isabela

Apostolic vicariates|

* Bontoc-Lagawe
* Calapan
* Jolo
* Puerto Princesa
* San Jose in Mindoro
* Tabuk
* Taytay

Military ordinariate|

* Military Ordinariate of the Philippines

Other|

* Chinese-Filipino Catholic Apostolate in the Philippines

* Catholicism portal

* v
* t
* e

Catholic Church in the Philippines

Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines

Timeline|

| History|

* First Mass
* Spanish occupation
* History of De La Salle University
* Expulsion of Jesuits
* Secularization movement
* Gomburza
* Philippine Revolution
* American occupation
* World War II Asia-Pacific War
* Second Vatican Council
* First Papal visit
* Martial Law
* People Power Revolution
* 1995 World Youth Day
* Death penalty debate

|

Contemporary|

* EDSA Dos
* World Meeting of Families
* Death of John Paul II
* Death of Cardinal Sin
* Reproductive Health Bill debate
* Year of Faith
* Revision of the Roman Missal
* Canonization of Pedro Calungsod
* Million People March
* Pope Francis's visit to the Philippines
* 2016 International Eucharistic Congress
* 500 YOC

Archdioceses
(cathedrals
and churches)|

* Caceres
* Cagayan de Oro
* Capiz
* Cebu
* Cotabato
* Davao
* Jaro
* Lingayen–Dagupan
* Lipa
* Manila
* Nueva Segovia
* Ozamis
* Palo
* San Fernando
* Tuguegarao
* Zamboanga

Dioceses|

| Suffragans|

* Alaminos
* Antipolo
* Bacolod
* Baguio
* Balanga
* Bangued
* Bayombong
* Boac
* Borongan
* Butuan
* Cabanatuan
* Calbayog
* Catarman
* Cubao
* Daet
* Digos
* Dipolog
* Dumaguete
* Gumaca
* Iba
* Ilagan
* Iligan
* Ipil
* Imus
* Kabankalan
* Kalookan
* Kalibo
* Kidapawan
* Laoag
* Legazpi
* Libmanan
* Lucena
* Maasin
* Mati
* Malaybalay
* Malolos
* Marbel
* Masbate
* Naval
* Novaliches
* Pagadian
* Parañaque
* Pasig
* Prosperidad
* Romblon
* San Carlos Borromeo
* San Fernando de La Union
* San Jose de Antique
* San Jose de Nueva Ecija
* San Pablo
* Sorsogon
* Surigao
* Tagbilaran
* Tagum
* Talibon
* Tandag
* Tarlac
* Urdaneta
* Virac

|

Military ordinariate|

* Military Ordinariate

Territorial prelatures|

* Batanes
* Infanta
* Isabela
* Marawi

Apostolic vicariates|

* Bontoc-Lagawe
* Calapan
* Jolo
* Puerto Princesa
* San Jose in Mindoro
* Tabuk
* Taytay

Prelates|

* Luis Antonio Tagle
* Jose Advincula
* Gaudencio Rosales
* Orlando Quevedo
* Rex Andrew Alarcon
* Ricardo Baccay
* Victor Bendico
* Midyphil Billones
* José Cabantan
* John Du
* Gilbert Garcera
* Martin Jumoad
* Angelito Lampon
* Florentino Lavarias
* José S. Palma
* Marlo Peralta
* Rómulo Valles
* Socrates Villegas

Literature|

* Catechism for Filipino Catholics
* Doctrina Christiana
* Pasyón

Saints|

* Lorenzo Ruiz
* Pedro Calungsod

Religious|

| Priests and brothers|

* Augustinian
* Augustinian in Cebu
* Augustinian Recollects
* Divine Word
* Dominican
* Franciscan
* Jesuit
* La Salle
* Salesian

|

Sisters|

* Dominican Sisters of Siena
* Franciscan Apostolic Sisters
* Notre Dame
* Religious of the Virgin Mary

Devotions|

| Jesus|

* Black Nazarene
* Crucifixion in the Philippines
* Divine Mercy
* Eucharistic adoration
* Sacred Heart
* Santo Niño de Cebú
* Santo Niño de Arévalo
* Señor Tesoro

|

Marian|

* Angelus
* Buen Suceso
* Candelaria
* Caracol
* Caysasay
* Guia
* Immaculate Conception
* Manaoag
* La Naval de Manila
* Paz y Buen Viaje
* Peñafrancia
* Perpetual Help
* Piat
* Porta Vaga
* Remedios
* Rosary
* Salvación
* Turumba

Joseph|

* San José de Baras
* Tata Hosep

Culture|

| Christmas|

* Belén
* Carols
* Christmas tree
* Gift giving
* Nochebuena
* Parol
* Santa Claus
* Three Kings
* Simbang Gabi

|

Festivals|

* Ati-Atihan
* Feast of the Black Nazarene
* Dinagyang
* Flores de Mayo
* Intramuros Grand Marian Procession
* Obando Fertility Rites
* Sinulog

Holy Week|

* Fasting and abstinence
* Pabasa
* Senákulo
* Via Crucis
* Visita Iglesia

Others|

* Almsgiving
* Bamboo Organ
* Bayanihan
* Filipino names
* Funeral
* Historical churches
* Mano

Media|

* Catholic Media Network
* Notre Dame Broadcasting Corporation
* Radio Maria Philippines
* Radio Veritas
* TV Maria
* Cebu Catholic Television Network
* Jesuit Communications Foundation

Education|

* Schools, colleges and universities
* Augustinian
* Divine Word
* Jesuit
* La Salle
* Notre Dame
* Dominican
* University of Santo Tomas
* Colegio de San Juan de Letran
* Vincentian

Laity|

* Catholic Women's League
* Couples for Christ
* El Shaddai
* Family Rosary Crusade
* Knights of Columbus
* Legion of Mary
* Neocatechumenal Way
* Opus Dei
* Parish Pastoral Council for Responsible Voting
* The Feast
* Pope's Worldwide Prayer Network

Overseas|

* Pontificio Collegio Filippino
* San Lorenzo Ruiz Chapel

* Catholicism portal
* Philippines portal

14°35′29″N 120°58′25″E﻿ / ﻿14.59139°N 120.97361°E﻿ / 14.59139; 120.97361

Authority control databases |

* ISNI

|

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