Romans 10

Chapter of the New Testament

Romans 10

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Epistle to the Romans 8:12–22 in the bigger of two fragments forming Papyrus 27 (recto side), written in the 3rd century

Book| Epistle to the Romans
Category| Pauline epistles
Christian Bible part| New Testament
Order in the Christian part| 6

Romans 10 is the tenth chapter of the Epistle to the Romans in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It is authored by Paul the Apostle, while he was in Corinth in the mid-50s AD,[1] with the help of an amanuensis (secretary), Tertius, who adds his own greeting in Romans 16:22.[2]

Paul continues his discussion of Israel's rejection of God's purpose which he had commenced in chapter 9: despite his "anguish over Israel",[3] it remains his "heart's desire and prayer to God for the Israelites, that they may be saved".[4]

## Text

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The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 21 verses.

### Old Testament references

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* Romans 10:5 references Leviticus 18:5 and Ezekiel 20:11[5]
* Romans 10:6 references Deuteronomy 30:12[5]
* Romans 10:7 references Deuteronomy 30:13
* Romans 10:8 references Deuteronomy 30:14[5]
* Romans 10:11 references Isaiah 28:16[5]
* Romans 10:13 references Joel 2:32[5]
* Romans 10:15 references Isaiah 52:7 and Nahum 1:15[5]
* Romans 10:16 references Isaiah 53:1[5]
* Romans 10:18 references Psalm 19:4[6][5]
* Romans 10:19 references Deuteronomy 32:21[5]
* Romans 10:20 references Isaiah 65:1[5]
* Romans 10:21 references Isaiah 65:2[5]

### New Testament references

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* Romans 10:5 references Galatians 3:12[5]
* Romans 10:13 references Acts 2:21[5]
* Romans 10:16 references John 12:38[5]

## Zeal for God not based on knowledge

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Paul asserts that those Jews who have not believed in Jesus Christ are "zealous for God, but their zeal is not based on knowledge" (Romans 10:2).[7] The wording of the International Children's Bible reads "They really try to follow God. But they do not know the right way."[8]

## Righteousness according to Moses

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### Verse 5

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> For Moses writes about the righteousness which is of the law, "The man who does those things shall live by them."

— Romans 10:5, New King James Version[9]

The quotation in Romans 10:5 is from Leviticus 18:5.[10][11]

### Verse 8

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> But what does it say? "The word is near you, in your mouth and in your heart" (that is, the word of faith which we preach):

— Romans 10:8, New King James Version[12]

The quotation in Romans 10:8 is from Deuteronomy 30:14.[13][14]

### Verse 9

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> If you confess with your mouth the Lord Jesus and believe in your heart that God has raised Him from the dead, you will be saved.

— Romans 10:9, New King James Version[15]

* The Lord Jesus": rendered in NET as "Jesus is Lord" or "the Lord."[16] The Greek construction of κύριον, kurion, also in the quotation from Joel 2:32 in verse 13 (referring to the same "Lord"), suggests a reference to "Yahweh".[17]

### Verse 13

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> For whosoever shall call upon the name of the Lord shall be saved.

— Romans 10:13, King James Version[18]

The quotation in Romans 10:13 is from Joel 2:32.[19] "The Lord", which originally refers to 'Yahweh', is assigned to Jesus in verse 9.[17]

## Hearing and obeying the gospel

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Using a series of prophetic quotations from Moses, Isaiah and Joel, Paul argues that faith comes through hearing and the gospel must be preached if it is to be heard and obeyed, but also that it was indeed made known to the people of Israel, who have refused to believe, and their disobedience and stubbornness[20] was itself foretold in prophecy (Romans 10:14–21).[21]

### Verse 15

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> And how shall they preach unless they are sent? As it is written: "How beautiful are the feet of those who preach the gospel of peace, who bring good news of good things!"

— Romans 10:15, Modern English Version[22]

Romans 10:15 cites Isaiah 52:7.[23]

## Uses

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### Music

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The King James Version of verses 15 and 18 from this chapter is cited as texts in the English-language oratorio "Messiah" by George Frideric Handel (HWV 56).[24]

## See also

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* Christ
* Israel
* Isaiah
* Jesus
* Moses
* Related Bible parts: Leviticus 18, Deuteronomy 30, Deuteronomy 32, Psalm 19, Isaiah 28, Isaiah 52, Isaiah 53, Isaiah 65, Joel 2, Nahum 1

## References

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1. ^ Hill 2007, p. 1084.
2. ^ Donaldson, Terence L. (2007). "63. Introduction to the Pauline Corpus". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). The Oxford Bible Commentary (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 1077\. ISBN 978-0199277186.
3. ^ New International Version's sub-heading for Romans 9:1–5
4. ^ Romans 10:1
5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Biblical concordances of Romans 9 in the 1611 King James Version".
6. ^ Kirkpatrick, A. F. (1901). The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes. The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. Vol. Book IV and V: Psalms XC-CL. Cambridge: At the University Press. p. 838. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
7. ^ Romans 10:2: New International Version
8. ^ Romans 10:2: International Children's Bible
9. ^ Romans 10:5 NKJV
10. ^ Leviticus 18:5
11. ^ Note on Romans 10:5 in NET
12. ^ Romans 10:8 NKJV
13. ^ Deuteronomy 30:14
14. ^ Note on Romans 10:8 in NET
15. ^ Romans 10:9 NKJV
16. ^ Note on Romans 10:9 in NET
17. ^ a b Wallace, D. B., "The Semantics and Exegetical Significance of the Object-Complement Construction in the New Testament", GTJ 6 (1985): 91-112. apud note on Romans 10:9 in NET
18. ^ Romans 10:13 KJV
19. ^ Note on Romans 10:13 in NET
20. ^ Romans 10:21, New Century Version and International Children's Bible
21. ^ Romans 10:14–21
22. ^ Romans 10:15 MEV
23. ^ Note on Romans 10:15 in MEV
24. ^ Block, Daniel I. (2001). "Handel's Messiah: Biblical and Theological Perspectives" (PDF). Didaskalia. 12 (2). Retrieved 19 July 2011.

## Bibliography

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* Coogan, Michael David (2007). Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann; Perkins, Pheme (eds.). The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48 (Augmented 3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195288810.
* Hill, Craig C. (2007). "64. Romans". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). The Oxford Bible Commentary (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 1083–1108\. ISBN 978-0199277186. Retrieved February 6, 2019.

## External links

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* Romans 10 King James Bible - Wikisource
* English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate
* Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
* Multiple bible versions at Bible Gateway (NKJV, NIV, NRSV etc.)

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Epistle to the Romans

Bible chapters|

* One
* Two
* Three
* Four
* Five
* Six
* Seven
* Eight
* Nine
* Ten
* Eleven
* Twelve
* Thirteen
* Fourteen
* Fifteen
* Sixteen

People|

* Abraham
* Ampliatus
* Andronicus
* Apelles
* Asyncritus
* David
* Elijah
* Erastus
* Esau
* Gaius
* Hermas
* Hosea
* Jesse
* Isaac
* Isaiah
* Israel
* Jacob
* Jason
* Jesus Christ
* Junias
* Lucius
* Mary of Rome
* Moses
* Narcissus
* Nereus
* Olympas
* Paul
* Phoebe
* Phlegon
* Priscilla
* Quartus
* Rebecca
* Rufus
* Sarah
* Sosipater
* Tertius
* Timothy
* Tryphena

Manuscripts|

* Papyrus 10
* 26
* 27
* 31
* 40
* 46
* 61
* 94
* 99
* 113
* 118
* Uncial 0172
* 0219
* 0220
* 0221
* 0311

Analysis|

* Textual variants
* Pelagius' commentary
* The Epistle to the Romans (Barth)
* Origen and the History of Justification

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