Ronald Fairbairn

Scottish psychiatrist and psychoanalyst (1889–1964)

Ronald Fairbairn

FRSE

Born|

William Ronald Dodds Fairbairn

11 August 1889 (1889-08-11)

Morningside, Edinburgh, Scotland

Died| 31 December 1964 (1965-01-01) (aged 75)

Edinburgh, Scotland

Education
Alma mater| University of Edinburgh
Philosophical work
School| Psychoanalysis
Institutions| University of Edinburgh
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Psychoanalysis

Sigmund Freud's couch

Concepts

* Psychosexual development
* Psychosocial development (Erikson)
* Unconscious
* Preconscious
* Consciousness
* Psychic apparatus
* Id, ego and superego
* Ego defenses
* Projection
* Introjection
* Libido
* Drive
* Transference
* Countertransference
* Resistance
* Denial
* Dreamwork
* Cathexis

Important figures

* Abraham
* Adler
* Balint
* Bion
* Breuer
* Chodorow
* Erikson
* Fairbairn
* Ferenczi
* Freud (Anna)
* Freud (Sigmund)
* Fromm
* Guattari
* Horney
* Irigaray
* Jacobson
* Jones
* Jung
* Kohut
* Klein
* Kristeva
* Lacan
* Laing
* Laplanche
* Mahler
* Rank
* Reich
* Spielrein
* Stekel
* Strachey
* Sullivan
* Winnicott
* Žižek

Important works

* The Interpretation of Dreams (1899)
* The Psychopathology of Everyday Life (1901)
* Three Essays on the Theory
of Sexuality (1905)

* Psychology of the Unconscious (1912)
* Beyond the Pleasure Principle (1920)
* The Ego and the Id (1923)
* Civilization and Its Discontents (1930)
* The Mass Psychology of Fascism (1933)
* The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis (1964)
* Anti-Oedipus (1972)
* The Sublime Object of Ideology (1989)

Schools of thought

* Adlerian
* Ego psychology
* Jungian
* Lacanian
* Interpersonal
* Intersubjective
* Marxist
* Object relations
* Reichian
* Relational
* Self psychology

Training

* Boston Graduate School of
Psychoanalysis

* British Psychoanalytic Council
* British Psychoanalytical Society
* Columbia University Center for
Psychoanalytic Training and Research

* International Psychoanalytical Association
* World Association of Psychoanalysis
* List of schools of psychoanalysis

See also

* Child psychoanalysis
* Depth psychology
* Psychodynamics
* Psychoanalytic theory

* Psychology portal

* v
* t
* e

William Ronald Dodds Fairbairn (/ˈfɛərbɛərn/; 11 August 1889 – 31 December 1964) was a Scottish psychiatrist, psychoanalyst and a central figure in the development of the object relations theory of psychoanalysis.[1] He was generally known and referred to as "W. Ronald D. Fairbairn".[2][3][4]

## Life

[edit]

Fairbairn's birthplace - The Red House, Cluny Gardens

Ronald Fairbairn was born at the Red House, Cluny Gardens,[5] in Morningside, Edinburgh in 1889, the only child of Cecilia Leefe and Thomas Fairbairn, a chartered surveyor, and president of the Edinburgh Architectural Association.[6][7] He was educated at Merchiston Castle School and at the University of Edinburgh where he studied for three years in divinity and Hellenic Greek studies, graduating MA in 1911.

In the First World War, he joined the Royal Engineers and served under General Allenby in the Palestinian campaign, and then the Royal Garrison Artillery.

On his return home, he began medical training, probably inspired by his war experience. He received a doctorate in Medicine (MD) on 30 March 1929 from the University of Edinburgh.[8] From 1927 to 1935, he lectured in psychology at the university and also independently practised analysis. From 1941 until 1954 he was Consultant Psychiatrist to the Ministry of Pensions.[7]

In 1931, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were James Drever, Edwin Bramwell, Sir Godfrey Hilton Thomson and Robert Alexander Fleming.

On the basis of his writings, he became an associate member of the British Psychoanalytical Society in 1931, becoming a full member in 1939. Fairbairn, though somewhat isolated in that he spent his entire career in Edinburgh,[9] had a profound influence on British Object Relations and the relational schools. Fairbairn was one of the theory-builders for the Middle Group[10] (now called the Independent Group) psychoanalysts. The Independent Group contained analysts who identified with neither the Kleinians nor the Anna Freudians. They were more concerned with the relationships between people than with the "drives" within them.

He died in Edinburgh at the age of 75. He is buried with his wives in Dean Cemetery in western Edinburgh. The grave lies very close to the main east entrance and lodge-house.

Ronald Fairbairn's grave, Dean Cemetery, Edinburgh

## Family

[edit]

In 1926, Fairbairn married Mary Ann More-Gordon, the daughter of Harry More-Gordon. Their daughter Ellinor was born in 1927, followed by twins in 1928, however, they did not survive. Their fourth child was born in 1929, and in 1933 their fifth son Nicholas was born, who would go on to become a barrister and MP.[6]

In 1959, he married Marion Frances Mackintosh, daughter of Captain H. E. M. Archer.[6]

## Work

[edit]

Fairbairn produced only one book-length collection of his papers called Psychoanalytic Studies of the Personality (1952)[1] published in the United States as An Object-Relations Theory of the Personality by Basic Books in 1954.

Fairbairn's daughter Ellinor Fairbairn Birtles and David E. Scharff produced an invaluable two-volume collection of Fairbairn's earlier papers together with those published after 1952 called From Instinct to Self: Selected Papers of W. R. D. Fairbairn (1994).

There is also a biography by John Derg Sutherland, who knew Fairbairn, Fairbairn’s Journey into the Interior (1989),[11] and three books of collected papers on his work: including James Grotstein and R. B. Rinsley, Fairbairn and the Origins of Object Relations (1994),[12] an edited series of papers on Fairbairn's theory, Neil J. Skolnik's and David E. Scharff, Fairbairn Then and Now (1998),[13] and Clarke and Scharff's Fairbairn and the Object Relations Tradition (2014).[14] There are a number of texts dealing directly with the application of Fairbairn's theory including Seinfeld's The Bad Object (1990)[15] a second text by Seinfeld The Empty Core (1991), a text by David Celani, The Treatment of the Borderline Patient: Applying Fairbairn's Object Relations Theory in the Clinical Setting (1993),[16] a second text by Celani which is an application of Fairbairn's model to domestic violence, The Illusion of Love: Why the Battered Woman Returns to Her Abuser (1994),[17] and a third text by Celani on the application of Fairbairn's model to the treatment of severe personality disorders, Fairbairn's Object Relations Theory in the Clinical Setting (2010).[18]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b Fairbairn, William Ronald Dodds (1952). Psychoanalytic Studies of the Personality. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. ISBN 0-7100-1361-2. `{{cite book}}`: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
2. ^ "W. Ronald D. Fairbairn (1889-1964)". fairbairn.ac.uk.
3. ^ "Fairbairn's Structural Theory". Archived from the original on 28 September 2000.
4. ^ Freud and Fairbairn: Two Theories of Ego-Psychology, Charles T. Sullivan, Doylestown Foundation, 1963, p. 52
5. ^ Edinburgh and Leith Post Office Directory 1889-90
6. ^ a b c "Fairbairn, (William) Ronald Dodds (1889–1964), psychiatrist and psychoanalyst". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/40312. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
7. ^ a b Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002 (PDF). The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. ISBN 0-902-198-84-X.
8. ^ Available at the Edinburgh Research Archive.
9. ^ Rycroft, Charles (1985). Psychoanalysis and Beyond. Chatto. p. 132\. ISBN 0-7011-2971-9.
10. ^ Fuller, Peter (1985). "Introduction". Psychoanalysis and Beyond. Chatto. p. 21\. ISBN 0-7011-2971-9.
11. ^ Sutherland, John (1989). Fairbairn's Journey Into the Interior. London: Free Association Books. ISBN 1-85343-059-5.
12. ^ Grotstein James & Rinsley, Donald (1994). Fairbairn and The Origins of Object Relations. New York: The Guilford Press. ISBN 0-89862-135-6.
13. ^ Skolnick, Neil & Scharff, David (1998). Fairbairn Then and Now. The Analytic Press. ISBN 0-88163-262-7.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
14. ^ Fairbairn and the object-relations tradition. Graham S. Clarke, David E. Scharff. London: Karnac Books. 2014. ISBN 978-1-78241-192-5. OCLC 867819063.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: others (link)
15. ^ Seinfeld, Jeffrey (1990). The Bad Object. Northvale, New Jersey: Jason Aronson. ISBN 0-87668-831-8.
16. ^ Celani, David (1993). The Treatment of the Borderline Patient: Applying Fairbairn's Object Relations Theory in the Clinical Setting. International Universities Press. ISBN 0-8236-6644-1.
17. ^ Celani, David (1995). The Illusion of Love: Why the Battered Woman Returns to Her Abuser. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0231100373.
18. ^ Celani, David (2010). Fairbairn's Object Relations Theory in the Clinical Setting Columbia University Press. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-14907-5.

## External links

[edit]

* "Fairbairn's Structural Model", Richard L. Rubens, 1994.

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