Round Table—Free Georgia

Political party in Georgia

Round Table—Free Georgia

მრგვალი მაგიდა - თავისუფალი საქართველო

Leader| Zviad Gamsakhurdia
Founded| May 1990 (1990-05)
Dissolved| January 1994
Headquarters| Tbilisi
Ideology|

* Georgian nationalism
* National conservatism
* Christian nationalism
* Christian democracy
* Pan-Caucasianism[1]
* Social market economy[2]
* State capitalism

Factions:

* Constitutional monarchism

Political position| Centre-right to right-wing
International affiliation| Assembly of Popular Fronts and Movements from Republics Not Joining the Union Treaty[3]

* Politics of Georgia
* Political parties
* Elections

Round Table—Free Georgia (Georgian: მრგვალი მაგიდა — თავისუფალი საქართველო, romanized: mrgvali magida — tavisupali sakartvelo) was an alliance of Georgian political parties led by Zviad Gamsakhurdia. It played a decisive role in the restoration of independence of Georgia and was a governing coalition in 1990-1992.

## History

[edit]

The alliance traces its origins to the Georgian independence movement of the 1980s. On 11–13 March 1990, several pro-independence Georgian political organizations held conference in Tbilisi to elect a coordinating body for their activities - National Forum. However, soon they split, and in May 1990, organizations supporting dissident Zviad Gamsakhurdia established Round Table—Free Georgia alliance, calling for a peaceful transition to independence through participation in the official elections for the Supreme Council, the legislative body in the Soviet Georgia. Meanwhile, other organizations opted to set their own elections for an alternative legislative body, the National Congress. In October 1990, the Round Table—Free Georgia took part in the first multiparty parliamentary elections in the history of Soviet Georgia, receiving 53.99% of the overall votes and gaining majority in the Supreme Council.

Round Table formed the government in November 1990. Supported by the referendum, the alliance declared the independence of Georgia on 9 April 1991. Zviad Gamsakhurdia was elected as a first-ever president of Georgia on 26 May 1991. However, the armed opposition staged the military coup and Zviad Gamsakhurdia was forced to flee the country in January 1992. The Military Junta dissolved the Supreme Council, dismissed President Zviad Gamsakhurdia from the post of President and assumed all power in the republic. Members of Round Table together with Zviad Gamsakhurdia fled to the neighboring Chechen republic of Ichkeria. On 12 March 1992, they organized a Georgian Supreme Council session in Grozny and formed the government in exile under Zviad Gamsakhurdia. They declared the Military Junta as illegal and continued to regard the disbanded Supreme Council as Georgia’s sole legitimate parliament.

Mingrelia, Gamsakhurdia’s home region, refused to obey to the post-coup government of Eduard Shevardnadze, and by August 1993 it came under almost full control of pro-Gamsakhurdia militias. In late August 1993, the Round Table—Free Georgia members held a Supreme Council session in Zugdidi and called on Zviad Gamsakhurdia to return to Georgia, which he did in September 1993. However, they were defeated in the civil war, while Gamsakhurdia was found dead in January 1994. After these events, the alliance dissolved.

## Political platform

[edit]

### Economic policy

[edit]

In his election program, Zviad Gamsakhurdia supported social market economy.[2]

On 26 August 1991, the President Zviad Gamsakhurdia approved the prime minister–designate Besarion Gugushvili, who presented his economic program to the Parliament in support of state capitalism. It argued in favor of transition from socialist planned economy but also denounced calls for implementation of shock therapy and mass privatization. It claimed that the "egoistic stimuls" of the privatized enterprises would lead them to be more inclined towards Soviet market, exacerbating the economic dependency on Soviet Union and creating contradiction between the private entities and the national state. It thus argued that these policies were imperialist tools of Mikheil Gorbachev to retain influence on the post-Soviet sphere. It warned that the nomenklatura, a bureaucratic elite of the Soviet system, was trying to take control of the economy through converting its "political and administrative capital" into the "economic capital". The program warned about the risks of adopting foreign models and called for creation of economic policy based on general principles of private entrepreneurship, market economy and privatization, but in conformity with Georgian spirit, characteristics and traditional values. The program supported state capitalism, indicative planning, mixed economy and other forms of statism. It argued that the state should activily be involved in the economy, while private enterprises would be allowed to exist, they would compete with state companies. It claimed that the state involvement in the economy would ensure the welfare of the population. Thus, while the program opposed full-scale privatization, it still supported privatization, but the state and private sectors would develop harmonically. The program described the public sector as "a joint-stock company in which the whole nation is a shareholder and which is run by managers who are elected by the nation". It argued that the state sector should be run on democratic, national, patriotic principles, unlike the Soviet system, which was totalitarian and social-imperialistic tool of plundering the colonies like Georgia. The program warned against viewing mass privatization of public assets as the only instrument of creating private sector, arguing in favor of giving secured loans and using other instruments instead to encourage building new factories and enterprises, instead of giving away already existing ones which would be mismanaged due to lack of "traditions of care of private capital".

### Pan-Caucasianism

[edit]

The party promoted the concept of "Caucasian home", based on the idea of shared Ibero-Caucasian languages and common identity among autochthonous Caucasian nations, primarily Chechens, Abkhazians and Circassians. Turkic-speaking peoples and Armenians were not part of the project. It included a common economic zone, a Caucasian Forum and an alliance against foreign interference. It was basis of allegiance between Georgian President Zviad Gamsakhurdia and Chechen President Dzhokhar Dudayev.[4]

### Role of religion

[edit]

Round Table was a Christian nationalist party. In his inaugural speech, President Zviad Gamsakhurdia spoke about strengthening the role of religion and proposed an initiative to declare Orthodox Christianity the state religion.[5]

## List of parties

[edit]

* Georgian Helsinki Group (Georgian: საქართველოს ჰელსინკის კავშირი, sakartvelos helsink’is k’avshiri)
* All-Georgian Society of St. Ilia II the Righteous (Georgian: სრულიად საქართველოს წმინდა ილია მართლის საზოგადოება, sruliad sakartvelos ts’minda ilia martlis sazogadoeba)
* All-Georgian Society of Merab Kostava (Georgian: სრულიად საქართველოს მერაბ კოსტავას საზოგადოება, sruliad sakartvelos merab k’ost’avas sazogadoeba)
* Union of Georgian Traditionalists (Georgian: ქართველ ტრადიციონალისტთა კავშირი, kartvel t’raditsionalist’ta k’avshiri)
* Georgian National Front — Radical Union (Georgian: საქართველოს ეროვნული ფრონტი-რადიკალური კავშირი, sakartvelos erovnuli pront’i-radik’aluri k’avshiri)
* Georgian National–Liberal Union (Georgian: საქართველოს ეროვნულ-ლიბერალური კავშირი, sakartvelos erovnul-liberaluri k’avshiri)
* Georgian Christian–National Party (Georgian: საქართველოს ეროვნულ-ქრისტიანული პარტია, sakartvelos erovnul-krist’ianuli p’art’ia)

## International affilation

[edit]

On 25 and 26 May 1991, the delegates from Moldovian Popular Front, Lithuania’s Sajudis, Latvian Popular Front, Estonian Popular Front, Armenian Pan-National Movement and Georgia’s Round Table signed the founding documents of the Assembly of Popular Fronts and Movements from Republics Not Joining the Union Treaty in Chișinău, Moldova. The task of the organization was to function as a coordinating body for advocacy of the recognition of Soviet republics which had chosen not to sign the Mikhail Gorbachev’s New Union Treaty and had moved to set up independent states instead.[6]

## Electoral performance

[edit]

### Parliamentary election

[edit]

Election  | Leader  | Votes  | %  | Seats  | +/–  | Position

|
|
|
|
|
|

1990 | Zviad Gamsakhurdia | 1,248,111  | 54  |

155 / 250

| New | 1st

### Presidential election

[edit]

Election year  | Candidate  | Result

|
|

# of overall votes  | % of overall vote
1991 | Zviad Gamsakhurdia | 2,565,362  | 87.58 (#1)

### Regional elections

[edit]

#### Adjara

[edit]

Election  | Leader  | Votes  | %  | Seats  | +/–  | Position

|
|
|
|
|
|

1991 | Aslan Abashidze | 59,949  | 47,5  |

21 / 40

| New | 1st

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Fawn, Rick (2003). Ideology and National Identity in Post-communist Foreign Policies. Psychology Press. pp. 93–95. ISBN 9780714655178.
2. ^ a b Khositashvili, Mzia (2013). "Election Program of Mister Zviad Gamsakhurdia, Candidate for Presidency of Republic of Georgia: Economic Part". Georgian State Leaders: Official Documents, Appeals and Interviews, Zviad Gamsakhurdia, President of Republic of Georgia (1991) (in Georgian). Vol. 2\. Tbilisi: Iridagroup - Printing Service. pp. 110–127. ISBN 978-9941-0-6246-9.
3. ^ Tolz, Vera; Newton, Melanie (19 April 1993). The USSR In 1991: A Record Of Events. Avalon Publishing. p. 361\. ISBN 978-0-8133-8717-8.
4. ^ Fawn, Rick (2003). Ideology and National Identity in Post-communist Foreign Policies. Psychology Press. pp. 93–94. ISBN 9780714655178.
5. ^ Bogishvili, Diana; Osepashvili, Irina; Gavashelishvili, Elene; Gugushvili, Nino (2016). Georgian National Identity: Conflict and Integration (PDF). Nekeri. p. 124\. ISBN 978-9941-457-63-0.
6. ^ Tolz, Vera; Newton, Melanie (19 April 1993). The USSR In 1991: A Record Of Events. Avalon Publishing. p. 361\. ISBN 978-0-8133-8717-8.

* v
* t
* e

Political parties in Georgia

Parliamentary majority|

* Georgian Dream – Democratic Georgia
* People's Power

Parliamentary opposition|

* Strength Is in Unity
* United National Movement
* Progress and Freedom
* Victorious Georgia
* For Georgia
* Girchi
* Strategy Aghmashenebeli
* European Socialists
* Lelo for Georgia
* Citizens
* Republican Party of Georgia
* Law and Justice
* National Democratic Party
* State for the People

Extra-parliamentary parties|

| Parties with local representation|

* Ahali
* European Georgia
* Alliance of Patriots of Georgia
* Georgian Labour Party
* Girchi – More Freedom
* For the People
* Free Georgia

|

Unrepresented|

* Christian-Democratic Movement
* Communist Party of Georgia
* Conservative Party of Georgia
* Democratic Movement – United Georgia
* Droa
* European Democrats
* Eri
* Federalists
* Free Democrats
* Georgian Idea
* Georgian March
* Georgian Troupe
* Greens Party of Georgia
* Ilia Chavchavadze Society
* Industry Will Save Georgia
* National Forum
* New Communist Party of Georgia
* People's Party
* Social Democrats for the Development of Georgia
* Solidarity Alliance of Georgia
* Freedom
* Union of Georgian Traditionalists
* Unified Communist Party of Georgia

Defunct|

* Round Table—Free Georgia
* National Independence Party of Georgia
* Union of Citizens of Georgia
* Democratic Union for Revival
* People's Front
* Movement for United Georgia
* Unity
* Intellectuals League of Georgia
* New Rights Party
* Rightist Opposition
* Development Movement
* The Way of Georgia
* Burjanadze-Democrats
* Democratic Party
* Peace
* Merab Kostava Society
* 11 October Bloc
* Unity Bloc
* Charta 91
* Socialist Party of Georgia
* United National Council
* Alliance for Georgia
* Georgian Party

Historical|

* Social Democratic Party of Georgia
* Georgian Socialist-Federalist Revolutionary Party
* Mesame Dasi

Banned|

* Communist Party of Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
* Centrist Party
* Conservative Movement

* Portal:Politics
* List of political parties
* Politics of Georgia
* List of political parties in Abkhazia
* List of political parties in South Ossetia

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template