Royal Bermuda Regiment

Infantry regiment of the British Army

Royal Bermuda Regiment

Cap Badge of the Royal Bermuda Regiment

Active| 1 September 1965
Country|  Bermuda
Branch| Army
Type| Line Infantry
Role| Internal security
Size| One Battalion
~350 reserve soldiers[1]
Garrison/HQ| Warwick Camp
March| Quick – Bermuda
Anniversaries| 21 November 1965, presentation of the first colours.
Website| www.bermudaregiment.bm
Commanders
Commanding Officer| Lt. Col. Duncan Simons
Colonel-in-Chief| Birgitte, Duchess of Gloucester
Honorary Colonel| Col. David Gibbons

Military unit

The Royal Bermuda Regiment (RBR) is the home defence unit of the British Overseas Territory of Bermuda. It is a single territorial[2] infantry battalion that was formed on the amalgamation in 1965 of two originally voluntary units, the mostly black Bermuda Militia Artillery (BMA) and the almost entirely white Bermuda Rifles (titled the Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps (BVRC) until 1949), and the only remaining component of the Bermuda Garrison since the 1957 withdrawal of regular units and detachments from Bermuda.

## History

[edit]

Soldiers of the Bermuda Contingent of the Royal Garrison Artillery (BMA) in a Casualty Clearing Station on the Western Front in July 1916 Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps soldiers serving on the Western Front with the Lincolnshire Regiment, 1918 John F. Kennedy, escorted by a Bermuda Militia Artillery officer in Royal Artillery blue No. 1 Dress, inspects green-uniformed riflemen of the Bermuda Rifles in 1961

The two original units, the mostly black Bermuda Militia Artillery and the almost entirely white Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps, were raised 1895 and 1894, respectively, in accordance with two of three acts passed by the Bermudian parliament in 1892 at the insistence of the British Government, which had been attempting to encourage, entice, or coerce the local government to restore reserve military units since the last Militia Act had been allowed to lapse following the Napoleonic Wars and the American War of 1812.[3] The regulations of the two units were the same as those of militia and volunteer units in the British Isles at the time, with a few additions specific to the units. The units were fully funded by the War Office as parts of the British Army, rather than as auxiliary to it.[4] Contingents from both units were deployed to France and Belgium in June 1915 and saw action on the Western Front during the First World War.[3]

Following the First World War, the British Government's policy of austerity resulted in a substantial reduction of the regular army, including reducing the regular infantry in Bermuda and removing the Royal Artillery and the Royal Engineers Fortress companies from Bermuda in 1928, with the local reserve units shouldering more responsibility. This resulted in the Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps being re-organised on territorial lines in 1921. Those other ranks who chose to continue serving were re-attested, committing to terms of service which meant they could no longer quit the corps with fourteen days notice. The name of the corps was not modified to reflect the change, however.[5] Militia soldiers were already engaged for terms of service, and the Bermuda Militia Artillery was not similarly re-organised until 1928 (its name, also, was not modified to reflect the change).[4] The Bermuda Volunteer Engineers was created as a unit to operate the search lights at coastal artillery batteries in June 1931 (previously, the third act of 1892 had authorised the creation of a militia unit to assist the Royal Engineers company tasked with maintaining and operating Bermuda's submarine mining defences, but this unit had not been raised),[6] while the Bermuda Militia Infantry was raised in October 1939, originally relieving the Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps of the task of protecting St David's Battery from attack by enemy landing parties, but taking on new roles as it expanded to a strength of two companies, with the infantry defence of the colony being split between the regular infantry (by then a detachment of 4th Battalion, Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders), the Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps and the Bermuda Militia Infantry.[7][5]

RSM of the Bermuda Regiment WO1 Herman Eve in 1992[8]

A contingent of volunteers for overseas service from the Bermuda Militia Artillery (one officer), Bermuda Volunteer Engineers (four sappers), and Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps (sixteen officers and other ranks) was sent to Britain in June, 1940, where the contingent members separated to join their parent corps (Royal Artillery, Royal Engineers, and the Lincolnshire regiment, respectively). With the regular garrison having been drastically reduced due to post-First World War economic austerity by the British Government, concern over further weakening the garrison meant the local-service units, which had been embodied for full-time service for the duration of the war, were barred from sending further contingents abroad until 1943, by which time the threat of enemy attacks on Bermuda and its strategic defence infrastructure had greatly diminished and the United States Army and United states Marine Corps had garrisoned the colony. Following this, a contingent of volunteers from the Bermuda Militia Artillery and Bermuda Militia Infantry was attached to the 1st Caribbean Regiment and saw action in Europe and North Africa during the Second World War while a company from the Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps was attached to the Lincolnshire Regiment and saw action in North West Europe and in Burma during that war.[3] The two contingents had been grouped together in 1943 as the Command Training Battalion, stationed at Prospect Camp while training in preparation for deployment to Europe.[9]

Margaret Thatcher reviewing the Royal Bermuda Regiment in early 1990

After the war the Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps was belatedly renamed the Bermuda Rifles.[3] The Bermuda Militia Artillery, however, was not renamed. Following the closure of the Royal Navy's dockyard commenced in 1951 (a process that lasted until 1958, leaving only a small naval base, HMS Malabar, within the former dockyard),[10] the military garrison, which had existed primarily to protect the Royal Navy base, was also closed.[11][12]

Remembrance Day parade, at the Cenotaph, in the City of Hamilton, 1990. HE The Governor, Major-General Sir Desmond Langley, inspects war veterans, and is speaking with former Second-in-Command of the Royal Bermuda Regiment Major Donald Henry "Bob" Burns, MC, ED.

The Bermuda Militia Artillery and the Bermuda Rifles amalgamated to form the Bermuda Regiment on 1 September 1965.[3] The new Bermuda Regiment's stand of colours was presented in November 1965 by Princess Margaret. Princess Margaret presented a second stand of colours to replace the first in November 1990 to mark the Bermuda Regiment's 25th anniversary.[13] The latest set of Colours were presented by Duchess of Gloucester, GCVO, at the National Sports Centre on 13 November 2010.[3] In 1945, the part-time reserve units in Bermuda, the Channel Islands and Malta had numbered collectively as 28th in the British Army order of precedence (the number varied before and after 1945 depending on the make-up of the British Army),[14][15] but were ordered within that according to the order of precedence of their parent corps in the regular army. This meant, that the Bermuda Militia Artillery (BMA), as part of the Royal Regiment of Artillery and the Militia, preceded the Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps (BVRC) (as part of the infantry and the Volunteer Force) despite being the second of the two to be raised. Today, the Royal Bermuda Regiment, as an amalgam of the BMA and BVRC, is 29th and was formerly 28th which changed in 2007 with the Special Reconnaissance Regiment being added to the Order of Precedence.[16][17]

On 1 September 2015, Queen Elizabeth II awarded the title "Royal" to the regiment to mark the 50th anniversary of its formation.[18]

## Badge

[edit]

The badge of the Royal Bermuda Regiment combines elements from those of the Royal Regiment of Artillery, and the BVRC. The full badge, as displayed on the Colours, features two crossed cannons creating an X behind a Maltese cross (the symbol of rifle regiments in the British Army, and used on the white metal BVRC badge), set on a circular shield with "THE BERMUDA REGIMENT" inscribed around it, and the whole enclosed within a wreath and surmounted by the Crown. The cap badge is bi-metal – all brass, except a white metal Maltese cross, which is set inside the wheel of a cannon (taken from the badge of the Royal Artillery), with a half-wreath about the lower hemisphere of the badge. Flashes, and other colour marks used on dress and elsewhere (such as backgrounds on signs about Warwick Camp) are blue and red, reflecting the colours of the Royal Artillery, but the stable belt (issued only to permanent staff, officers and senior ranks) worn is rifle green, with black edges, referring to the colours used by the BVRC.[19]

The badge of the Royal Bermuda Regiment (bottom) draws elements from those of the BMA (Royal Artillery, second from left) and the BVRC (second from right). The badge at the left is that of the Royal Lincolnshire Regiment, affiliated to the BVRC, and that at the right belongs to the Royal Anglian Regiment, its successor.

## Dress

[edit]

Bermuda Regiment Warrant Officers in the No. 1 dress Potential Non-Commissioned Officers (PNCO) Cadre Promotion Parade in No. 3 (Summer) Dress at Warwick Camp in June, 1994.

The dress uniform itself is closer to the old Royal Artillery pattern, and to the generic No. 1 dress uniform used by many British regiments today, being composed of dark blue, almost black, tunic and trousers, and differing only in the red cuffs and collar added to the tunic. The trousers have a broad red stripe running down the outside of each leg. A generic dark blue peaked cap with red hat band is worn with this uniform. During the summer months, the No. 3 uniform is worn (identical to the No. 1 except that a light-weight generic, white tunic is worn).[20]

## Ranks

[edit]

Ranks are as follows:[21]

Rank group  | General / flag officers  | Senior officers  | Junior officers

|
|
|

Royal Bermuda Regiment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Lieutenant colonel | Major | Captain | Lieutenant | Second lieutenant | Officer cadet
Rank group  | Senior NCOs  | Junior NCOs  | Enlisted

|
|
|

Royal Bermuda Regiment |  |  |  |

* * *

|  |  | No insignia

* * *

Warrant officer class 1 | Warrant officer class 2 | Colour Sergeant | Sergeant | Corporal | Lance corporal | Private

## Organisation

[edit]

### Leadership

[edit]

A Command Centre during IS training. PNCO Cadre train in Internal Security (IS) role. Bermuda Regiment soldiers aboard a motor boat, off the North Shore of Bermuda, 1996.

As Bermuda is a British overseas territory, and defence is therefore the responsibility of the United Kingdom, the Royal Bermuda Regiment is under the control of the Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the island.[22] However, pay and financing is the responsibility of the Ministry of National Security. The Royal Bermuda Regiment (RBR) is listed in the British Army Order of Battle as number 29th in order of precedence. The RBR traditionally was number 28th in the order of precedence but due to the first time listing on the order of precedence of the Special Reconnaissance Regiment which is the newest Combat Arm/Corp.[17]

On its formation, the regiment's Honorary Colonel was Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon, who became Colonel-in-Chief in 1984. After her death in 2002, the position was assumed, in 2004 by The Duchess of Gloucester.[23]

### Manpower

[edit]

The Regiment's original strength was about 400, including all ranks. Following discipline problems during an exercise in the West Indies, a report on the unit was commissioned from Major-General Glyn Gilbert, the highest-ranking Bermudian in the British Army. Maj-Gen. Gilbert also took into account the difficulties the regiment had experienced in meeting its obligations when deployed during the civil unrest of 1977 (its existing strength did not allow for a reserve). He made a number of recommendations, including the increase of the Regiment's strength to a full battalion of about 750, with three rifle companies (A, B, and C) and a support company. As the support functions (Regimental Quartermaster Stores and Internal Security Stores, Signals, Armourers, Motor Transport, Boat Troop, Gun Troop/Assault Pioneers, Medics, cooks, et cetera) and the Band now fell under Support Company (commanded by the Regimental Quartermaster), the battalion headquarters was no longer considered a company in its own right. Initially, the three rifle companies rotated through the role of training company. Eventually, C Company was renamed permanent Training Company. Recruits spent their first year in Training Company, then transferred as a unit to whichever rifle company was losing its third-year conscripts, or were reassigned individually to other sub-units. As of the early 2020s, the regiment's strength-level was about 350 personnel who had a total training commitment of 30-days per year.[1]

### Structure

[edit]

Colour party of the Royal Bermuda Regiment at Queen's Birthday Parade on 10 June 2017

With the end of conscription, it is no longer possible to maintain a dedicated Training Company in which recruits spend their first year. Recruits now spend three months, after their two-week initial training, being trained under Training Wing before being posted to one of the Companies. The current (2022) establishment is:[24]

* Regimental Headquarters
* A Company (rifle company: Operational Support Units (OSU's), Boat Troop, the Regiment Police, the Operational Support Divers (OSD) and the Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) Section which form the Joint Service EOD unit with the Bermuda Police Service)
* B Company (rifle company: Humanitarian and Disaster Relief and ceremonial duties)
* Logistics Company
* Training Wing
* Coast Guard

One of the units amalgamated into the Royal Bermuda Regiment, the BMA, was nominally an artillery unit, although it had converted to the infantry role in 1953. Other than a ceremonial Gun Troop, equipped with two 25-pdr. field guns, the Royal Bermuda Regiment is wholly an infantry unit.

### Conscription

[edit]

Recruits clean their Mini-14 rifles, prior to a shoot at Warwick Camp, during the 1994 Recruit Camp.

Although its predecessors had been organised and recruited along Territorial Army lines (engaging volunteers for part-time service who were able to be embodied for full-time service in the event of war or other emergency) from the 1920s (1921 for the Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps, and 1928 for the Bermuda Militia Artillery) to the 1950s (1957 for the Bermuda Rifles and 1960 for the Bermuda Militia Artillery),[25][26] excepting during the Second World War (when general conscription of military aged males for the duration of the war was introduced),[27] low recruitment led to conscription by ballot being introduced in the 1950s to make up any shortfall in volunteers (the Defence Act, 1949, had included the machinery for conscription, should it prove necessary, requiring all British males between the ages of 18 and 25 who were resident in Bermuda to register for conscription), and this continued with the Bermuda Regiment after 1965. Although any legally resident Commonwealth national might volunteer, only British nationals resident in Bermuda were liable for conscription (later further limited to those British nationals resident in Bermuda who held Bermudian status, as per the Defence Act, 1965, Section 12, amended by 1997:37 effective 6 May 1999; and by 1998:32 effective 13 July 1998).[28] As per the "Bermuda Report" for 1965 and 1966:[29]

> All local male British Subjects between 18 and 25 years of age are required to register for military training. The Act provides machinery for conscription to supplement the voluntary enlistments and so maintain the strength of the unit.

As young men wishing to avoid conscription could be expected to avoid registration for conscription, the ballot actually relied upon the colony's birth register, resulting in occasional conscription of the deceased, or of young men who had been born in Bermuda to foreign parents and who therefore did not have British nationality or Bermudian status, and were not liable for conscription.[30][31][32]

The mechanism of conscription used by the Bermuda Regiment was similar to the system that had applied for the Militia in the British Isles (or "Home" Militia) from the 1850s under the Militia Act 1852, although resort to the ballot was not made before the Home Militia was replaced in 1908 with the Special Reserve.[33] Except where specially provided for by the separate Regulations of the Bermuda Militia Artillery, the Regulations of the Home Militia Artillery applied to the Bermuda Militia Artillery, also, when it was raised in 1895.[34] The majority of the Bermuda Regiment was made up of conscripts up to July 2018, making it unique among all of the land forces under the British Crown.[35]

Conscription was based on a random lottery of men through the ages of 18 to 23, with exemptions granted to Police and Prison officers, members of the British regular forces (or men who have served for two years), church ministers, prisoners or those judged to be of "unsound mind".[36]

Both Bermudians and non-Bermudians criticised conscription for its alleged sexism and similarity to slavery (a sensitive issue given the historic background of Bermuda), and this has been noted in the British Parliament.[37][38][39]

At its height, three-quarters of the strength of the Bermuda Regiment was made up of conscripts, although many soldiers, whether they initially volunteered or were conscripted, elected to re-engage annually after their initial three years and two months term of service was completed, with some serving for decades (such as WO2 Bernard Pitman, who retired in 2013 after forty years of service).[40]

In 2018, the House of Assembly of Bermuda voted to abolish conscription under the Defence Amendment Act, 2018,[41] effective of 1 July 2018.[42][43]

### Recent assessments

[edit]

Towards the end of 2005, the regiment took part in a fitness for role exercise, this time in the form of an inspection by the Ministry of Defence. The review noted that equipment was substandard and major items would be deemed to be unserviceable by 2010 (half of the vehicles and signal equipment were noted to be "out of action") and that command and control was poor, though it also noted high morale and firearms proficiency.[44]

### Royal Bermuda Regiment Junior Leaders and the Bermuda Cadet Corps

[edit]

Main article: Bermuda Cadet Corps

The Bermuda Regiment operated its own Junior Leaders programme for many years,[45] starting with nineteen boys who passed out at Warwick Camp on 19 December 1969, thereafter forming the Junior Leaders Company.[46]

In 2012, due to financial constraints, the Bermuda Cadet Corps was disbanded and replaced by the resurrected Bermuda Regiment Junior Leaders.[47][48][49][50] Many of the Bermuda Regiment's officers, warrant officers and NCOs began their service in the Junior Leaders, including former Commanding Officer, Lieutenant-Colonel Brian Gonsalves.[51]

A bill was tabled in the House of Assembly of Bermuda in 2015 to formalise the organisation of the Royal Bermuda Regiment's Junior Leaders.[52]

## Operations

[edit]

Bermuda Regiment soldiers armed with Mini-14s and a Barbados Police officer conduct a joint patrol of an oil facility during the 2007 Cricket World Cup in Bridgetown, Barbados

The primary role of the regiment has recently become disaster relief. Other roles include ceremonial duties, and supporting the Bermuda police department in internal security issues (both in the forms of riot-control and anti-terrorism). In 2001, following the September 11 attacks on the nearby United States, the Bermuda Regiment was deployed, taking over responsibility for the security of the Bermuda International Airport (Bermuda has always been a point of importance in trans-Atlantic aviation, and a large number of aircraft diverted to the Island when US airspace was closed) and other potential targets. In 2004 and 2005 the regiment deployed to the Cayman Islands and Grenada to assist in post Hurricane Ivan restoration efforts.[53]

The Bermuda Regiment successfully deployed a platoon of internal security trained soldiers to Barbados in 2007. There they took part in forming the security infrastructure for the WCC Cricket World Cup. They worked alongside soldiers from Barbados, Guyana, India and South Africa, in ensuring a secure environment for the Super 8 series of matches.[54]

The Bermuda Regiment also provided a cordon at the Bermuda International Airport in October, 1996, when the Chinese ship, Xing Da, was brought to the island. The ship had been detained on the Atlantic by the United States Coast Guard carrying over a hundred illegal migrants with the intent of smuggling them into Massachusetts. It was intended to transfer the passengers and crew to Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, but the ship was deemed unseaworthy. Taking the ship into a US port to transfer the detainees to Cuba was undesirable as the US Government would have then been obliged to allow any who requested to enter the process for asylum application. The only other port within reach was Bermuda, roughly 640 miles from North Carolina and 1,061.4 miles from Guantanamo Bay. As the UK Government was wary of allowing the detainees to set foot on British territory for the same reason, the ship was kept offshore while the two governments negotiated. A Company of the Bermuda Regiment was deployed, pending the outcome. On 9 October, it provided a cordon to close off the Weapons Pier of the former United States Navy NAS Bermuda, while Bermuda Government ferry boats brought the detainees into Castle Harbour. Bermuda Police and US Coast Guard powerboats transferred the detainees to the Weapons Pier, where they were handcuffed and loaded, one-by-one, aboard waiting US Coast Guard C-130 Hercules, with each aeroplane taking off and heading for Cuba as soon as it was full.[55][56]

## Overseas connections

[edit]

Royal Bermuda Regiment and US Navy NAS Bermuda personnel at Camp Lejeune.

During the First World War, the Bermuda Regiment's predecessor, the Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps (BVRC) sent two contingents to serve with the Lincolnshire Regiment on the Western Front. After the War, the connection to the Lincolns was made official. The BVRC again provided two drafts to the Lincolns during the Second World War. When the BVRC (renamed the Bermuda Rifles) was amalgamated in 1965 with the Bermuda Militia Artillery (BMA), to create the Bermuda Regiment, the Royal Anglian Regiment, into which the (Royal) Lincolnshire Regiment had itself been amalgamated, continued the paternal role.[57]

### Corps Warrant

[edit]

In late 2001, the Bermuda Regiment and the Royal Gibraltar Regiment were presented with Corps Warrants dated 21 February 2000.[58]

In 2017, the Corps Warrant ceased on the 30 July. A new Corps Warrant which included the Royal Bermuda Regiment was confirmed as a Corps of the British Army and took effect 1 August 2017 and was signed at St. James Court by Her Majesty's Command dated 17 July 2017.[17]

The 2017 Corp Warrant notes that the competition of Corps composition 'The under mentioned bodies of the [British] Army comprising Regular Forces, Army Reserves, Regular Reserve, including any raised hereafter and any local units overseas: of which the Royal Bermuda Regiment was listed with the composition note; All units and personnel of The Royal Bermuda Regiment.'[17]

### Other

[edit]

Royal Bermuda Regiment and US Marine Corps Sergeants, 1989 Bermuda Regiment soldiers board a USMC CH-46 Sea Knight at USMC Camp Lejeune, in North Carolina, United States. Two soldiers from the Bermuda Regiment's Guns/Assault Pioneers with a US Marine Corps engineer at Camp Lejeune in 2013

The Bermuda Regiment also developed a relationship with the United States Marine Corps, which had supplied a detachment to Bermuda for many years to guard United States Navy facilities. In addition to occasional training with the US Marines in Bermuda, the Bermuda Regiment used facilities and training areas of the US Marines' Camp Lejeune and Camp Geiger in North Carolina for training, with the two rifle companies having been sent there every second year for their annual camps.[59]

The Bermuda Regiment took part in its first exercise overseas in 1968, when twenty-eight personnel were deployed to Jamaica on 26 October, along with "A" Company of the York and Lancaster Regiment, for a four-week introduction to jungle warfare in the vicinity of Berriedale, in Portland. Jamaica became the location of annual camps in alternate years, but in March, 2013, it was announced that a new location would be sought.[60][61] This was due to the cost of deploying to Jamaica (a flight of 1,249 miles, compared to 725 miles for the flight to MCAS Cherry Point, North Carolina), given the budgetary constraints, and as Jamaica provided little opportunity for training in Internal Security roles, such as is available at USMCB Camp Lejeune with its Military Operations in Urban Terrain (MOUT) facility.[62][63] In 2014, the annual camp was held at the Land Force Central Area Training Centre Meaford of the Canadian Army at Meaford, in Ontario, Canada.[64]

The Bermuda Regiment's training in the US, Jamaica and Canada is self-contained, rarely involving local units, but friendly relationships have been developed with both the US Marine Corps, and the Jamaica Defence Force (JDF). Specialist Bermuda Regiment sub-units, such as the Reconnaissance Platoon and the Medics, have trained with equivalent US Marine Corps units at Camp Lejeune.[65][66][67][68]

Over the last decade, a relationship has also been developed with the Royal Gibraltar Regiment, and small detachments sent with that regiment on its annual training deployments to Morocco.[69] In 2007, for the first time, the annual camp was held in England, with detachments training at the Cinque Ports Training Area (CPTA); part of the Defence Training Estate (DTE) South-East, near Dover.[70][71]

As the new Cayman Islands Regiment is being developed, the Royal Bermuda Regiment has been tasked to train the first few batches of recruits from the Cayman Islands at Warwick Camp. The first batch of Caymanian recruits had joined the February 2020 intake of Bermudian recruits.[72][73]

## Alliances

[edit]

*  United Kingdom – The Royal Anglian Regiment
*  Canada – The Lincoln and Welland Regiment
*  Jamaica – The Jamaica Defence Force

## Commanding officers

[edit]

The commanding officer of the Bermuda Regiment (as also the quartermaster, training officer, the staff officer (UK Loan Service), the adjutant, the aide-de-camp, and the regimental sergeant major) is a full-time position, requiring those appointed to the role to take leave of their civilian employments. Originally, there was a four-year limit to the term of a commanding officer, which could be extended if required. Following Lieutenant-Colonel Gavin A. Shorto's six years in the office, a three-year appointment was made the norm. The commanding officer is normally chosen from among the majors of the Battalion, and is promoted to lieutenant-colonel. Following the death of Major Christian Wheddon in a motor accident in England in 2012,[74][75] while training in preparation for assuming command, Lieutenant-Colonel Michael Foster-Brown, a professional soldier from The Rifles, assumed command in June 2013, the first non-Bermudian to fill the role.[76][77][78] Foster-Brown was succeeded by Lieutenant-Colonel David Curley on 27 February 2016.[79] In March 2020, Lieutenant-Colonel Benjamin Beasley replaced Curley in command.[80][81]

## Equipment

[edit]

The BMA and Bermuda Rifles had re-equipped from the .303 inch No. 4, Mk. 1 rifle to the 7.62mm NATO L1A1 Self-Loading Rifle (SLR) the year before amalgamation.[82][83] The .303 inch Bren light machine gun and Vickers machine gun were replaced by the 7.62mm NATO General Purpose Machine Gun (GPMG). The Bermuda Regiment inherited the SLR and the GPMG from its predecessors. For Internal Security use, the Federal Riot Gun being used in Northern Ireland for firing baton rounds and gas canisters was also adopted. The Bermudian reserve forces had been equipped with standard British Army weapons since their restoration in 1895 (the Sten sub-machine gun had been replaced in the 1960s with the Sterling submachine gun, but this had then been replaced with the Israeli Uzi).[84]

During the 1950s, the British forces had been pressured into dropping the .280 British sub-calibre round and EM-2 rifle that had been intended to replace respectively .303 inch ammunition and the No. 4 rifle, adopting instead the American 7.62mm ammunition as NATO standard and the SLR, which was a variant of the Belgian FN FAL.[85] Despite forcing the adoption of the 7.62mm round by NATO, the US re-equipped during the Vietnam War with the M16 rifle, chambered for the 5.56×45mm M193 sub-calibre ammunition.[86][87] Dissatisfaction with the 7.62mm round led NATO to seek a replacement during the 1970s, and the Belgian SS109 variant of the American M193 was adopted as 5.56mm NATO.[88]

The Bermuda Regiment decided not to wait for the SA80 and replaced the SLR with the American-made Ruger Mini-14 self-loading (in American parlance, "semi automatic") rifle in 1983. The GPMG was retained in the light-, as well as the medium-, machine gun role. The Ruger has a 20-round detachable box magazine and can be fitted with a US M7 bayonet. The original wooden stocks were replaced with Choate black plastic stocks by 1992 and no further modifications have been made since.[89]

A replacement for the aging Rugers was sought at the end of the Century, with small numbers of the German Heckler & Koch G36 and the American Colt M4 (a carbine variant of the M16) obtained for trials, following which the G36 had been selected as a replacement for the Ruger and the Uzi sub-machine gun. However, budgetary issues delayed the acquisition of the G36, which also became surrounded by controversy in Germany over reported inaccuracy in warm temperatures.[90]

### Rifles and shotguns

[edit]

### Rifles

[edit]

Name  | Origin  | Type  | Cartridge  | Image  | Details

|
|
|
|
|

L85A2 / SA-80  |  United Kingdom | Assault Rifle | 5.56×45mm NATO |  | Adopted as the Standard issue to riflemen as of January 2016.
Heckler & Koch G36 |  Germany | Assault Rifle | 5.56×45mm NATO |  | Adopted as second-tier weapon, issued to specialist companies i.e. Boat Troop and OSU.
L42A1 |  United Kingdom | Bolt action sniper rifle | 7.62×51mm NATO |  | Adopted as Sniper rifle, a 7.62mm variant of the Lee–Enfield No. 4
Mossberg 500 |  United States | shotgun | 12 gauge |  | Adopted as Shotgun.

#### Obsolete and/or held in stocks

[edit]

* Mini-14GB/20 self-loading rifle with Choate stock (standard issue to riflemen from 1983 to January 2016)
* L1A1 Self-Loading Rifle (standard issue to riflemen from 1965 to 1983, but stocks still held)
* Colt M4 (stocks obtained for trials to determine replacement for Mini-14 and Uzi)
* Greener shotgun (obsolete, but stocks still held)

### Pistols

[edit]

Name  | Origin  | Type  | Cartridge  | Image  | Details

|
|
|
|
|

Glock 17 L131A1  |  Austria | Semi-automatic pistol | 9×19mm Parabellum |  | Adopted as the standard-issue sidearm pistol for Regiment Personnel.
Beretta 92 |  Italy | Semi-automatic pistol | 9×19mm Parabellum |  | Adopted as the issue sidearm pistol for Regiment Personnel.

### Machine guns

[edit]

Name  | Origin  | Type  | Cartridge  | Image  | Details

|
|
|
|
|

FN MAG L7A2  |  Belgium | General-purpose machine gun | 7.62×51mm NATO |  | Adopted as the standard-issue General-purpose machine gun for uses in light role only.

### Internal Security (IS)

[edit]

Name  | Origin  | Type  | Cartridge  | Image  | Details

|
|
|
|
|

ARWEN 37 |  United Kingdom | Less-lethal Riot Launcher  | 37mm  |  | Adopted as the issued Less-lethal Riot Weapon.

#### Obsolete

[edit]

* Federal Riot Gun (replaced by the ARWEN 37)

### Artillery

[edit]

Name  | Origin  | Type  | Cartridge  | Image  | Details

|
|
|
|
|

Ordnance QF 25-Pounder Field Gun |  United Kingdom | Field gun | 88 x 292mm  |  |
Ordnance SBML 2-inch mortar |  United Kingdom | Light mortar | 2 in (51 mm)  |  |

### Vehicles

[edit]

* Toyota Land Cruiser J70
* Mitsubishi L 300 van
* Ford 350 Ambulance
* UD 2300DH truck
* Toyota Dyna truck
* Toyota HiAce van
* Toyota LiteAce Minivan

### Boats

[edit]

* Dell Quay Dory Mk. 1 boats
* 18 foot Rigid Raider boats
* Halmatic RHIB boats
* 41 Juliet (27 foot Boston Whaler Guardian class boat)[91]

### Radio

[edit]

* Sepura SC20, replaced Sepura STP8200 radios
* Sepura STP8200, replaced Bendix King radios

## Gallery

[edit]

* Bermuda Regiment Soldiers armed with Mini-14s on OPs in Barbados for Cricket World Cup 2007

* The Royal Bermuda Regiment Band

* A Permanent Staff Instructor (PSI) with senior Non-Commissioned Officers of the Bermuda Regiment.

* The main gate of Warwick Camp, as it appears today, from the South Shore Road (formerly The Military Road).

* A platoon of the Training Company of the Bermuda Regiment, at Warwick Camp, during Recruit Camp 1993

* Bermuda Regiment Corporal's Mess at Warwick Camp.

* Bermuda Regiment soldiers play football on the parade ground of Warwick Camp.

* 25-Pounder (88 mm) field gun of the Bermuda Regiment's ceremonial Gun Troop.

* Bermuda Regiment Regimental Policeman in January, 1994

* Royal Bermuda Regiment soldier with a Ruger Mini-14 at Ferry Reach in 1994

* A motorboat of the Bermuda Regiment Boat Troop moves out of the Great Sound, past the HMD, Bermuda, on Ireland Island.

* An NCO of The Lincoln and Welland Regiment attached to a rifle company of the affiliated Bermuda Regiment training in Jamaica, 1996.

* Lieutenant-Colonel (then-Lieutenant) William White in Jamaica, 1996.

* Jamaica Defence Force soldier with a sergeant of the Bermuda Regiment in the Blue Mountains of Jamaica.

* An NCO of the Bermuda Regiment armed with a General Purpose Machine Gun, aboard a Rigid Raider.

* Mossberg 500 shotgun and Federal Riot Gun of the Bermuda Regiment

* A Bermuda Regiment NCO in No. 5 (Desert Combat) Dress, armed with a Galil AR self-loading rifle at USMC Camp Lejeune in 1994.

* Bermuda Regiment & Bermuda Police Service boats in July 2011

* Bermuda Regiment Medics and US Navy Corspmen at USMCB Camp Lejeune in May 2011

* Cpl. Erikon C. Rosamond (left) of the US Marines and Royal Bermuda Regiment soldiers at Camp Lejeune in 2013

* Royal Bermuda Regiment Guns and Assault Pioneers Platoon soldiers and a US Marine discuss training at Camp Lejeune in 2013.

* Guns and Assault Pioneers Platoon train with a US Marine at US Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune in 2013

* Royal Bermuda Regiment soldiers attend a funeral at St. James' Church in Somerset in August, 2016

* Royal Bermuda Regiment soldiers undergoing Junior Non-Commissioned Officer training at USMC Camp Lejeune in May 2018

* Junior Non-Commissioned Officers Cadre train at Camp Lejeune in 2018

* Junior Non-Commissioned Officers Cadre soldiers train at Camp Lejeune in 2018

* Junior Non-Commissioned Officers Cadre soldier training at Camp Lejeune in 2018

* Royal Bermuda Regiment soldier with an L85A2 at USMC Camp Lejeune in 2018

* Royal Bermuda Regiment shoot at Stonebay Rifle Range, USMCB Camp Lejeune on 12 May, 2021.

## See also

[edit]

* Cayman Islands Regiment
* Turks and Caicos Islands Regiment
* Royal Gibraltar Regiment
* Falkland Islands Defence Force
* Royal Montserrat Defence Force
* British Army Training and Support Unit Belize
* Overseas military bases of the United Kingdom

## Order of precedence

[edit]

Preceded by

Royal Gibraltar Regiment

|  Order of Precedence | Succeeded by

|
|

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b "Royal Bermuda Regiment". www.gov.bm.
2. ^ "Territorial Army – definition of Territorial Army in English from the Oxford dictionary". Archived from the original on 12 July 2012. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
3. ^ a b c d e f "History". The Royal Bermuda Regiment. Retrieved 15 July 2021.
4. ^ a b Maurice-Jones, DSO, RA, Colonel KW (1959). History of The Coast Artillery in the British Army. UK: Royal Artillery Institution.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
5. ^ a b Ingham-Hind, Jennifer M. (1992). Defence, Not Defiance: A History Of The Bermuda Volunteer Rifle Corps. Bermuda: The Island Press. ISBN 0969651716.
6. ^ The Bermuda Volunteer Engineers, by Jennifer M. Hind (formerly Jennifer M. Ingham) of The Royal Gazette. Transcript of typescript document held at the Bermuda Maritime Museum.
7. ^ "Guardian of the Eastern approaches". Royal Gazette. 30 January 2014. Retrieved 15 July 2021.
8. ^ "Ah yes, that was a very good year". Soldier: Magazine of the British Army. Aldershot Garrison: Ministry of Defence. 1 June 2001. p. 63\. "Crucial to this story, however, is that in his 31-year service he has served at every rank up to captain - and Bermudians are meticulously polite when greeting others. "What makes me smile," he told Soldier, "is that, depending on their age and the period of their national service, they all see me at different levels. "When I walk down the street, one person will address me as Cpl Eve, another as Sgt Eve, another as Colour Eve, yet another as Sgt Major Eve, and so on. So I am able to gauge when they were in the regiment - except when they call me sergeant major, because I was a warrant officer for 20 years, something of a record.""
9. ^ "OVERSEAS CONTINGENT IS INSPECTED AT PROSPECT: O.C British Troops Praises Unit On Training Results". The Royal Gazette. City of Hamilton, Pembroke, Bermuda. 13 March 1944. "A ceremonial parade and inspection of the Bermuda Command Training Battalion by Brigadier the Hon. H. D. Maconochie, M.C, Officer Commanding British Troops, Bermuda, was carried out on the Parade Ground, Prospect, at-10.15 on Saturday morning. ... The Brigadier, attended by Captain J. G. Barber, Irish Guards, G.S.O. III, Bermuda Command, was accompanied by Lieut.-Col. J. C. Astwood as Officer Commanding the Battalion. Major D. H. Brabner, R.A., D.A.A. & Q.M.G., Bermuda, and Major Ian Buchanan, Liverpool Scottish, who has been assisting in fieldcraft and battle training, were also-present."
10. ^ "Royal Navy, including HMS Affray, 1951–1960". naval-history.net. Retrieved 8 September 2015.
11. ^ "United Kingdom Garrison, Bermuda (Withdrawal)". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). House of Commons. 22 May 1957. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
12. ^ "Britain announces closure of Malabar". The Royal Gazette. City of Hamilton, Pembroke, Bermuda. 17 December 1993. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
13. ^ "Amalgamation". Bermuda Regiment. Retrieved 9 August 2014.
14. ^ THE MONTHLY ARMY LIST, JANUARY, 1937. Corrected to 30th December, 1936. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office (now Her Majesty's Stationery Office). 1937. p. xvii. "27 Militia units in Bermuda, Channel Islands and Malta (c)."
15. ^ THE ARMY LIST, APRIL, 1951. Corrected to 15th March, 1951. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office (now Her Majesty's Stationery Office). 1951. p. xv. "41 Militia units in Bermuda and The Channel Islands (d)."
16. ^ "Special forces regiment created". 5 April 2005 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
17. ^ a b c d "The Queen's regulations for the army 1975 (amendment number 37)". GOV.UK.
18. ^ "Regiment gets 'Royal' name change as gift – The Royal Gazette:Bermuda News". The Royal Gazette. 2 September 2015. Retrieved 8 September 2015.
19. ^ "BERMUDA". stablebelts.co.uk. Retrieved 8 September 2015.
20. ^ "A dazzling array of fashion, music and ceremony". Royal Gazette. 9 November 2024. Retrieved 26 July 2025.
21. ^ "Pay, resources and benefits". Royal Bermuda Regiment. Retrieved 29 October 2021.
22. ^ "Representing the Overseas Territories in the UK Parliament and Government". UK Parliament (House of Commons Library). UK Government. 7 February 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2024. "All the Territories have a UK-appointed Governor, who generally holds responsibility for managing the Territory's external affairs, defence and internal security like the police, and often the power to make or veto laws.......As a matter of constitutional law, the UK Parliament has unlimited power to legislate for the Territories. However, passing legislation for the Territories is rare."
23. ^ "Key personalities". Royal Bermuda Regiment. Retrieved 1 December 2024.
24. ^ "Organisation". Royal Bermuda Regiment. Royal Bermuda Regiment. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
25. ^ "Rifles Draft Tonight; 60 Men Wanted". The Royal Gazette. Bermuda: The Royal Gazette. 18 November 1957. p. 1.
26. ^ Simmons, Bill (19 October 1960). "A photo of BMA Draftees". The Bermuda Recorder. Bermuda: The Bermuda Recorder. p. 1\. "Company Sergeant Major Gerald Smith of the Bermuda Militia Artillery is seen as he signed up the first batch of some 80 young men between 20-25 years who were drafted last week for service in the Militia. The conscription was the first for the unit since the last war."
27. ^ McWilliam, Tony (2016). Royal Bermuda Regiment: 50 Years Strong. Bermuda: National Museum of Bermuda Press under the auspices of the Bermuda Regiment Charitable Trust. ISBN 9781927750971.
28. ^ "Defence Act, 1965". Bermuda Laws. Bermuda: Government of Bermuda. 2011. Retrieved 26 March 2025.
29. ^ "Bermuda 1965 and 1966" (Document). London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1968. p. 70.
30. ^ Elizabeth Roberts (27 September 2010). "Draft error call-up for dead teenager". The Royal Gazette. Bermuda: The Royal Gazette. Retrieved 26 March 2025. "The mother of a dead teenager who has received multiple call-up notices to the Regiment is considering suing over the distress they have caused her."
31. ^ Matthew Taylor (6 June 2005). "Regiment soldier surprised to learn he is not Bermudian?". The Royal Gazette. Bermuda: The Royal Gazette. Retrieved 26 March 2025. "He was shocked to find they had no record of him on their register and he was required to furnish further proof of his status. They told me I wasn't in their system, but I am serving in the army, he said. I have only got eight months left. Eventually he was told he should have been put in a register of Bermudian status between 1989 and 1992."
32. ^ Matthew Taylor (24 August 2002). "UK man in Regiment call up fear". The Royal Gazette. Bermuda: The Royal Gazette. Retrieved 26 March 2025. "A British man is shocked to find he's on a list of Bermuda regiment draft dodgers - even though he lives in London, doesn't have Bermuda status and has spend less than two years on the island."
33. ^ Litchfield, Norman EH (1987). The Militia Artillery 1852–1909: Their Lineage, Uniforms and Badges. Nottingham: The Sherwood Press (Nottingham) Ltd. ISBN 9780950820514.
34. ^ "Colonial Secretary's Office". The Royal Gazette. Bermuda: The Royal Gazette. 30 July 1895. p. 3\. "Colonial Secretary's Office. Hamilton 27th July, 1895. The following regulations for the Bermuda Militia Force which have been made by his Excellency the Governor under the provisions of "The Bermuda Militia Act, 1892" are published for general information......15.-Except when specially provided for by these regulations and the Bermuda Militia Act 1892, the Regulations for the Home Militia Artillery (made under Section 4 of the Imperial Militia Act 1882) will apply to this company."
35. ^ Horrocks, Chris (1 June 2001). "Called to arms: Conscription in a British regiment? It's not as far-fetched as it sounds". SOLDIER: Magazine of the British Army. UK: British Government.
36. ^ "Legislators in Bermuda vote to end compulsory military service". The Gleaner. 25 June 2018. Retrieved 26 March 2025.
37. ^ "House of Commons – Foreign Affairs – Written Evidence". parliament.uk. Retrieved 8 September 2015.
38. ^ "House of Commons – Foreign Affairs – Written Evidence". parliament.uk. Retrieved 8 September 2015.
39. ^ "Foreign Affairs Committee: Press Notice". UK Parliament. Retrieved 8 September 2015.
40. ^ Wilson, Ceola (4 June 2013). "The Royal Gazette: Pitman's 40 years in the Regiment recognised".
41. ^ "Defence Amendment Act, 2018" (PDF). Bermuda Laws. Bermuda: Government of Bermuda. 2018. Retrieved 26 March 2025.
42. ^ "MPs Pass Bill To Abolish Regiment Conscription". Bernews. 23 June 2018. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
43. ^ Johnston, Paul (23 June 2018). "House votes to end conscription | The Royal Gazette:Bermuda News". The Royal Gazette. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
44. ^ "Bermuda Regiment Fitness for Role Inspection". British Defence Staff. November 2005. Archived from the original on 3 April 2015.
45. ^ Arandjelovic, Nadia (6 July 2010). "Regiment restarts Cadet Corps". The Royal Gazette. City of Hamilton, Pembroke, Bermuda. Retrieved 29 June 2024. "Young people can find the drive and discipline to keep off the streets in the Bermuda Cadet Corps, Lieutenant Colonel Brian Gonsalves believes. He said he thrived in a similar programme when he was younger the current commanding officer of the Bermuda Regiment spent four years with the now defunct Junior Leaders Programme. Lt. Col. Gonsalves said he joined that organisation in 1980 and continued until he went off to college in 1984. Like many other successful people to come out of Junior Leaders, including Police Commissioner Michael DeSilva, the CO learnt about discipline, responsibility and pride."
46. ^ "Junior Leaders parade". The Royal Gazette. City of Hamilton, Pembroke, Bermuda. 20 December 1969.
47. ^ The Royal Gazette: Cadet Corp to be replaced as budget savings are made. Published 21 March 2012 (Updated 21 March 2012)
48. ^ The Bermuda Regiment: Archived 29 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine The Bermuda Cadet Corps
49. ^ The Bermuda Regiment: Request for volunteer instructors for the Junior Leaders
50. ^ Simons, Duncan (3 July 2017). "Junior Leaders Head to UK - Royal Bermuda Regiment". bermudaregiment.bm.
51. ^ Outward Bound, Bermuda. Our People. Board of Directors: Lt Col BN Gonsalves, ED, tacsc
52. ^ "A BILL entitled ROYAL BERMUDA REGIMENT (JUNIOR LEADERS) ACT 2015. Parliament of Bermuda" (PDF).
53. ^ "Bermuda Regiment to the rescue here...and overseas". The Royal Gazette. 15 June 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2025.
54. ^ "Regiment gets all fired up for Barbados". The Royal Gazette. 13 April 2007. Retrieved 26 July 2025.
55. ^ "Bermuda Regiment 50th Anniversary: The Bermuda Regiment SYNOPSIS"
56. ^ "3 Are Indicted in Plot to Smuggle Chinese Aliens Into New York". The New York Times. 10 October 1996. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
57. ^ "Royal Anglian soldiers boost Bermuda Regiment". Ministry of Defence. Retrieved 26 July 2025.
58. ^ "Regiment enlists in a select band of brothers in arms". The Royal Gazette. 7 November 2001. Retrieved 26 July 2025.
59. ^ "Royal Bermuda Regiment Training". Marines TV. 10 May 2021. Retrieved 26 July 2025.
60. ^ "Bermuda Regiment to end training camps in Jamaica". jamaica-gleaner.com. 18 March 2013.
61. ^ "Jamaica Observer Limited". Jamaica Observer.
62. ^ "Special Operations.com The Camp Lejeune MOUT Facility. Familiarization Images.".
63. ^ "UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS: Marine Corps Base, Camp Lejeune Range and Training Regulations (BO 3570.1C) Standing Operating Procedures for Range Control" (PDF).
64. ^ "Meaford 2014 (1)". 7 May 2014 – via Flickr.
65. ^ The Globe: Bermuda recce team recon Lejeune. by Lance Corporal E.V. Walsh. 20 April 1989
66. ^ "Halifax Media Group, Jacksonville Caily News: Bermuda Regiment trains in casualty care at Camp Johnson. By THOMAS BRENNAN - Daily News Staff. Published: Tuesday, 7 May 2013 at 16:27 PM".
67. ^ Bermuda soldiers have medical training with local Marines. WCTI NewsChannel 12 (ABC affiliate), Bonten Media Group, Inc, New Bern, North Carolina
68. ^ "Engineers: different uniforms, identical mission". 2nd Marine Logistics Group. 13 May 2013. Retrieved 8 September 2015.
69. ^ Administrator. "Royal Bermuda Regiment". bermudaregiment.bm. Retrieved 8 September 2015.
70. ^ Ministry of Defence Defence Training Estate (DTE) South-East: Public Information Leaflet
71. ^ "bermudanetworknews.com". Retrieved 8 May 2016.
72. ^ "Sergeant takes RBR into new territory". www.royalgazette.com. 15 February 2020.
73. ^ Ragoonath, Reshma (30 January 2020). "Regiment senior officers appointed". Cayman Compass.
74. ^ "Army major named as A34 crash victim". Oxford Mail. 12 September 2012.
75. ^ "Bermuda officer killed in A34 crash near Drayton". BBC News. 12 September 2012.
76. ^ "The Royal Gazette: Foster-Brown takes over as Regiment CO". 8 June 2013.
77. ^ "The Royal Gazette: War veteran CO: Regiment offers a huge amount". 7 June 2013.
78. ^ "The Royal Gazette: Lt Col Foster-Brown takes over at Warwick Camp". 10 June 2013.
79. ^ says, Interesting (29 February 2016). "Lt Col David Curley Assumes Command Of RBR".
80. ^ "New Commanding Officer, Royal Bermuda Regiment". www.gov.bm. 7 February 2020.
81. ^ "Beasley to command Royal Bermuda Regiment". www.royalgazette.com. 8 February 2020.
82. ^ B.M.A. Begin 2-Week Camp At Warwick. The Bermuda Recorder, 22 January 1964. Page 1.
83. ^ Rifles go to Camp At Week's End. The Bermuda Recorder, 5 February 1964. Page 1.
84. ^ "Bermuda Regiment Equipment: Uzi Sub-machine gun". Retrieved 8 May 2016.
85. ^ "The EM-2 (Rifle No. 9, Mk 1)". Retrieved 8 May 2016.
86. ^ Ezell, Edward Clinton (1984). The Great Rifle Controversy: Search for the Ultimate Infantry Weapon from World War II Through Vietnam and Beyond. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Halsted Press. ISBN 978-0-8117-0709-1.
87. ^ Hughes, David R. (1990). The History and Development of the M16 Rifle and its Cartridge. Oceanside, California: Armory Publications. ISBN 0-9626096-0-9.
88. ^ [ss109.com 5.56mm (.223) PARAMILITARY AMMUNITION, by John Schaefer. Rifle magazine, January/February, 1988, pages 36, 37, 70 and 71.]
89. ^ "Ruger Mini-14". Archived from the original on 26 February 2014. Retrieved 9 August 2014.
90. ^ "German military to stop using gun 'that can't shoot straight when hot'". The Guardian. 22 April 2015.
91. ^ "New Regiment's Patrol Boat Commissioned". Bernews. 31 July 2019. Retrieved 17 October 2024.

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