Royal court in Sutjeska

Medieval Bosnian court

Medieval royal court of the Bosnian kings in Sutjeska

Bosnian: Stolno misto

Reconstruction in sketch of the medieval royal court of the Bosnian kings in Sutjeska, based on layout of remains - looking west to east

Royal court Sutjeska

Location in Bosnia and Herzegovina

General information
Status| Destroyed
Type| Royal residence / court

* Royal residence (14th–15th c.)
* Royal chapel

Architectural style| Romanesque, Gothic
Town or city| Kraljeva Sutjeska
Country| Bosnia and Herzegovina
Coordinates| 44°07′19″N 18°12′04″E﻿ / ﻿44.121932740521046°N 18.201187064974096°E﻿ / 44.121932740521046; 18.201187064974096
Construction started| early 14th c.
Demolished| 1463
Client| Bosnian bans and kings
Owner| state, (proscribed by KONS)
Technical details
Structural system| Various low buildings surrounding courtyards, pavilions, gardens and royal chapel
Size| 2,500 to 5,000 m2 (27,000 to 54,000 sq ft)
Design and construction
Engineer| unknown (probably local-traditional)
Designations|

KONS of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Official name| Rulers’ court of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries in Kraljeva Sutjeska, the archaeological site
Type| Category II cultural monument
Criteria| A, B, C i.iv.vi., D i.iv, F iii., G, H i., I iii.
Designated| 8 October 2003 (?th session) 06-6-42/03-3
Reference no.| 1840
State| National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Royal Court in Sutjeska was a medieval Bosnian court, residence, and administrative seat of the Bosnian king, from mid-fourteenth to mid-fifteenth century, located in present-day Kraljeva Sutjeska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.[1] The compound consisted of several buildings, chapel, and the nucleus of what would later become Kraljeva Sutjeska Franciscan Monastery.

## History

[edit]

The court in Trstionica (present-day Kraljeva Sutjeska) was established by Ban of Bosnia, Stjepan II Kotromanić.[2]

## Location

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Plaque on the friary retaining wall

The court remains are located in present-day Kraljeva Sutjeska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The remains of the royal court are situated on the small prominence next to the Kraljeva Sutjeska Franciscan friary and church. This prominence is called Grgurevo. The site is separated in two distinct parts by small Urva brook.

The court and its chapel are mentioned in 1378 in the charter of the King Tvrtko I. The court chapel (church) was dedicated to Saint Gregory the Miracle-Worker (Sveti Grgur Čudotvorac) . Thus, the whole hillside and the terrace, once the church foyer, is called Grgurevo.

### Patron Saints and the site name

[edit]

In medieval Bosnia, Sveti Grgur, or Saint Gregory the Miracle-Worker, spread through the rise of the new territorial church, the schismatic Bosnian Church, after the Catholic episcopal see had to move out from Bosnia to Đakovo, in the first half of the 13th century. This prompted Bosnians to search for a new confessional identity, so in a fully autonomous act, unrecognized by papacy at the time, Bosnian political and ecclesiastical hierarchy turned the saint, also known for his state-building role, into both the ruling Kotromanić dynasty and the state patron of the Bosnian Kingdom. Patronage of Saint Gregory the Miracle-Worker will eventually get its recognition by Pope Pius II, in late 1461. Meanwhile, the cult of St. Gregory, maintained by the Bosnian Church, will see another manifestation in Gregory of Nazianzus in the first half of the 15th century, which will change to Saint Gregory the Great with King Thomas' conversion to Catholicism in late 1440s early 1450s. St. Gregory has been the patron saint of Bosnia and Herzegovina from the medieval times until 26 August 1752, when he was replaced by St. Elijah (Sveti Ilija), and confirmed by papacy, at the request of a Bosnian Franciscan friar, Bishop Pavao Dragičević. The reasons for the replacement are unclear. It has been suggested that Elijah was chosen because of his importance to all three main religious groups in Bosnia and Herzegovina—Catholics, Muslims and Orthodox Christians. Pope Benedict XIV is said to have approved Bishop Dragičević's request with the remark that "a wild nation deserved a wild patron".[3][4][5][6][7][8]

During the 15th century, two other saints with the name Gregory appear successively as the patron saints of both the Bosnian state and the Kotromanić dynasty in the late 15th century.[9][10] The first was St. Gregory of Nazianzus the Theologian, who was Archbishop of Constantinople and one of the great church fathers from the 4th century, and the other was Pope Saint Gregory the Great (ca. 540 – 604). They appear on the reverse of the coins of the Bosnian kings, Tvrtko II, Stjepan Tomaš and Stjepan Tomašević, with Pope Gregory shown with miter and shepherd's staff in his hand.[9][11][10]

## Archeology

[edit]

The excavations of 1969 to 1970, led by Pavao Anđelić of University of Sarajevo, unearthed foundations and walls of several buildings, including a church, an eastern palace, and western part of the court. Today only foundations and parts of the walls are visible and conserved.[12]

The church was built in Gothic style. The eastern palace, buildings closer to the existing Franciscan Church, is the oldest part of the royal court. The western complex includes three palaces.

## Bobovac royal fortress-town

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In its close proximity is the location of medieval royal castle of Bobovac, the crown jewels of Bosnia were held. The royal chapel in Bobovac consisted the burial chamber of several Bosnian kings and queens. Nine skeletons have been found in the five tombs located in the mausoleum. The identified skeletons belong to kings Dabiša, Ostoja, Ostojić, Tvrtko II and Thomas. It is assumed that one of the remaining skeletons belongs to the last king, Tomašević, decapitated in Jajce on the order of Mehmed the Conqueror. Only one of the skeletons, found next to that of King Tvrtko II, is female and assumed to belong to Tvrtko II's wife, Queen Dorothy.[13]

Above insignia: Latin: Trstivnica (Trstionica medieval village & river) - Latin: Curia Bani / Regis (transl. Ban's / Royal Office) below insignia: Bosnian Cyrillic: Сɣmѣскɖ ɴɖшє сmоʌɴо ʍѣсmо (Bosnian: Sutjeska naše stolno mjesto, transl. Sutjeska ours ruling seat)

## See also

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Royal court in Sutjeska.

* Jajce
* Visoki
* Mile
* List of National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina

## References

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1. ^ "Rulers' court of the 14th & 15th c. in Kraljeva Sutjeska". old.kons.gov.ba (in English and Bosnian). Commission to preserve national monuments. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
2. ^ Dubravko Lovrenović (2010). "Slavni dvor kraljevstva u Trstivnici" (Ponovno o proglašenju Bosne kraljevstvom 1377) [The glorious court of the kingdom in Trstivnica" (repromulgation of the Bosnia kingdom in 1377)]". In Karamatić, Fra Marko (ed.). Stoljeća Kraljeve Sutjeske (in Serbo-Croatian). Sarajevo: Franjevačka teologija. pp. 51–90. Retrieved 7 July 2024.51-90&rft.pub=Franjevačka+teologija&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Dubravko+Lovrenović&rft_id=https://www.ceeol.com/search/book-detail?id=548195&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Royal+court+in+Sutjeska" class="Z3988">
3. ^ Martić, Zvonko (2014). "Sveti Jure i sveti Ilija u pučkoj pobožnosti katolika u Bosni i Hercegovini" (in Serbo-Croatian). Svjetlo riječi. Archived from the original on 22 August 2016. Retrieved 6 August 2016.
4. ^ Skoko, Iko (21 August 2012). "Sveti Ilija – zaštitnik Bosne i Hercegovine" (in Serbo-Croatian). Večernji list.
5. ^ Lovrenović, Dubravko (2008). "Sv. Grgur čudotvorac – zaštitnik Kotromanića i srednjovjekovne Bosne". In Karamatić, Fra Marko (ed.). Zbornik o Marku Dobretiću (pdf) (in Serbo-Croatian). Sarajevo: Franjevačka teologija. pp. 9–32\. ISBN 978-9958-9026-0-4. Retrieved 17 May 2021.9-32&rft.pub=Franjevačka+teologija&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-9958-9026-0-4&rft.aulast=Lovrenović&rft.aufirst=Dubravko&rft_id=https://www.ceeol.com/search/chapter-detail?id=548087&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Royal+court+in+Sutjeska" class="Z3988">
6. ^ Duvnjak, Stjepan (2008). "Sveti Ilija i sveti Juraj – zaštitnici Bosne". In Karamatić, Fra Marko (ed.). Zbornik o Marku Dobretiću (pdf) (in Serbo-Croatian). Sarajevo: Franjevačka teologija. pp. 33–47\. ISBN 978-9958-9026-0-4. Retrieved 17 May 2021.33-47&rft.pub=Franjevačka+teologija&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-9958-9026-0-4&rft.aulast=Duvnjak&rft.aufirst=Stjepan&rft_id=https://www.ceeol.com/search/chapter-detail?id=548088&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Royal+court+in+Sutjeska" class="Z3988">
7. ^ Skoko, Iko (21 August 2012). "Sveti Ilija – zaštitnik Bosne i Hercegovine" (in Serbo-Croatian). Večernji list.
8. ^ Martić, Zvonko (2014). "Sveti Jure i sveti Ilija u pučkoj pobožnosti katolika u Bosni i Hercegovini" (in Serbo-Croatian). Svjetlo riječi. Archived from the original on 22 August 2016. Retrieved 6 August 2016.
9. ^ a b Lovrenović, Dubravko (2008). "Sv. Grgur čudotvorac – zaštitnik Kotromanića i srednjovjekovne Bosne". In Karamatić, Fra Marko (ed.). Zbornik o Marku Dobretiću (pdf) (in Serbo-Croatian). Sarajevo: Franjevačka teologija. pp. 9–32\. ISBN 978-9958-9026-0-4. Retrieved 17 May 2021.9-32&rft.pub=Franjevačka+teologija&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-9958-9026-0-4&rft.aulast=Lovrenović&rft.aufirst=Dubravko&rft_id=https://www.ceeol.com/search/chapter-detail?id=548087&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Royal+court+in+Sutjeska" class="Z3988">
10. ^ a b Housley, Norman (17 June 2016). The Crusade in the Fifteenth Century: Converging and competing cultures. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-03688-3. Retrieved 3 March 2019 - via Google Books.
11. ^ Duvnjak, Stjepan (2008). "Sveti Ilija i sveti Juraj – zaštitnici Bosne". In Karamatić, Fra Marko (ed.). Zbornik o Marku Dobretiću (pdf) (in Serbo-Croatian). Sarajevo: Franjevačka teologija. pp. 33–47\. ISBN 978-9958-9026-0-4. Retrieved 17 May 2021.33-47&rft.pub=Franjevačka+teologija&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-9958-9026-0-4&rft.aulast=Duvnjak&rft.aufirst=Stjepan&rft_id=https://www.ceeol.com/search/chapter-detail?id=548088&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Royal+court+in+Sutjeska" class="Z3988">
12. ^ Anđelić, Pavao (1973). Bobovac i kraljeva Sutjeska: stolna mjesta bosanskih vladara u XIV i XV stoljeću (in Croatian). Sarajevo: Veselin Masleša. pp. 151–205. Retrieved 7 July 2024.151-205&rft.pub=Veselin+Masleša&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Anđelić&rft.aufirst=Pavao&rft_id=https://books.google.com/books?id=QIcDAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Royal+court+in+Sutjeska" class="Z3988">
13. ^ "Mediaeval Royal Castle of Bobovac". old.kons.gov.ba (in English and Bosnian). Commission to Preserve National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Retrieved 20 February 2019.

## External links

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* The Royal Court in Kraljeva Sutjeska, photos at alltravels.com

* v
* t
* e

National monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Cultural–historical heritage of Bosnia and Herzegovina as designated by Commission to preserve national monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in accordance to Annex 8 of Dayton Agreement
For official site names and detailed information, see each article or the List of National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Buildings and structures|

| Buildings|

* Vijećnica
* Gimnazija Mostar
* Sarajevo train station
* Morića Han
* Gazi Husrev-bey Library
* Gazi Husrev-bey Bezistan
* Gazi Husrev-bey Hamam
* Brusa Bezistan
* Kino Apolo
* Sarajevo National Theatre
* National Museum of BiH

|

Bunkers & underground
structures|

* ARK/D-0
* Željava Air Base

Bridges|

* Stari Most
* Kriva Ćuprija
* Kosor Bridge
* Stara Ćuprija
* Mehmed Paša Sokolović Bridge
* Kozija Ćuprija
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Clock-towers|

* Počiteljska sahat-kula
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* Travnička (Gornja Čaršija) sahat-kula
* Travnička (Musala) sahat-kula

Fountains|

* Sebilj

Medieval fortifications
castles,walled cities,
open & market towns|

| Royal court|

* Royal court in Sutjeska
* Visoko
* Bobovac
* Jajce

|

Open & market towns|

* Visoko
* Vrhbosna
* Drijeva
* Prača

Walled cities|

* Bobovac
* Jajce
* Livno
* Počitelj
* Vratnik
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Castles
& citadels|

* Bijela Tabija
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* Jajce Citadel
* Kamengrad Fort
* Kastel Fortress
* Ključ Castle (Gacko)
* Ključ Castle (Ključ)
* Komotin Castle
* Kotor Hrvoje's Fort
* Ljubuški Fortress
* Maglaj Fortress
* Momčilo's Citadel
* Old town of Visoki
* Orašac Fort
* Ostrožac Castle
* Ostrovica Castle
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* Sokol kod Osat Grada
* Sokol kod Gračanice
* Sokol na Plivi
* Sokolac Citadel
* Srebrenik Fortress
* Stolac Fortress (Vidoški Grad)
* Teočak Castle
* Tešanj Castle
* Travnik Castle
* Velika Kladuša Castle
* Visuć Citadel (Black Queen's Citadel)
* Vranduk
* Vrnograč Castle
* Vujadin's Citadel
* Zvečaj Fortress
* Zvornik Castle
* Žuta Tabija

Odžaci
(towers)|

* Šurkovića odžak (tower)
* Captain's Citadel
* Fazlagić odžak (tower)
* Redžep-pašina odžak (tower)
* Smajilagića odžak (tower)

Architectural ensembles|

* Vranduk
* Old Town of Mostar
* Blagaj
* Baščaršija
* Počitelj
* Džidžikovac
* Čekaluša street
* Vratnik old walled neighborhood

Natural & cultural-historical
ensembles
/ Cultural landscape|

* Stolac
* Jajce
* Vrelo Bune
* Blidinje
* Lukomir
* Blatačko Lake

Industrial
architectural ensembles|

* Old Marijin Dvor power station
* Old Hrid power station
* Small hydro power plant Bihać on Jarak in Bihać (a.k.a. Hydro power plant „Jarak“, or „Canal Una“)
* Koševo chimney

Traditional
household|

* Despić House
* Svrzo's House
* Muslibegović House
* Bišćević House
* Velagićevina
* Begovina

Religious sites, properties
and places of worship|

| Islamic|

* Begova
* Aladža Mosque
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* Arnaudija
* Ferhadija
* Fethija Mosque
* Alipašina
* Careva
* Dukatareva
* Karadžozbegova
* Koski

|

Catholic|

* Sarajevo Cathedral
* Kraljeva Sutjeska Monastery
* Monastery of St. Catharine
* Monastery of the Holy Spirit
* Church of St John
* Church of Saint Anthony of Padua

Orthodox|

* Old Church
* Church of St. Archangel Michael
* Serbian Orthodox Cathedral in Sarajevo
* Dobrićevo Monastery
* Lomnica Monastery
* Papraća Monastery
* Rmanj Monastery

Judaic|

* Old Temple
* New Temple
* Ashkenazi Synagogue
* Il Kal Grande

Bosnian Church|

* Stećci

Other
(Temple of Mithras)|

* Jajački Mithraeum
* Konjički Mithraeum

Antiquity|

| Illyrians|

* Daorson
* Desilo

|

Roman|

* Mogorjelo
* Berginium
* Malvesa
* Serbinum
* Tasovčići

Early
Christianity|

* Cim

Bronze Age|

* Butmir Culture

Memorials, cemeteries
and necropolis|

| Memorials|

* Heroes of Yugoslavia monuments
* Vraca Memorial
* Kozara Memorial
* Partisan Memorial Mostar
* Partisan Memorial Livno
* Bridge on the Neretva
* Lav Cemetery
* Eternal flame
* Moshe Danon's shrine
* Necropolis for the victims of Fascism

|

Cemeteries|

* Old Jewish Cemetery
* St. John
* Alifakovac
* Kovači
* Koševo
* Lav Cemetery

Türbe mausoleums|

* Turbe Vizier's grave Travnik
* Turbeta Sijerčića
* Semiz Ali-pašino Turbe
* Sijerčić Turbes

Tombs, Crypts
& catacombs|

* Hrvoje Vukčić crypt
* Batalo's tomb

Necropolis|

* Stećci
* Radimlja

Movable property/Other|

* Sarajevo Haggadah
* Zmijanje embroidery
* Mural Zuke Džumhura

World Heritage Sites|

* Stari Most
* Mehmed Paša Sokolović Bridge
* Stećci1

Related topics
Archives, museums, etc.

| Archives|

* Ottoman Archives fund of the Gazi Husrev-Bey Library
* Archives of Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Archives of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Archives of Republika Srpska

|

Museums|

* List of museums in Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Museum of Sarajevo
* National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina
* National Gallery of Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Historical Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina
* The Herzegovina Museum
* Museum of Sarajevo
* Museum of the Old Bridge
* Museum of the National Struggle for Liberation
* Museum of Modern Art of Republika Srpska
* Museum of Old Herzegovina
* Sarajevo War Tunnel
* Svrzo House
* Despić House
* Museum of the First Proletarian Brigade, Rudo

* 1 Shared with Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia

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