Russell Banks

American writer of fiction and poetry (1940–2023)

For the British actor and screenwriter, see Russell Geoffrey Banks.

Russell Banks

Banks in 2011

Born| (1940-03-28)March 28, 1940
Newton, Massachusetts, U.S.
Died| January 8, 2023(2023-01-08) (aged 82)
Saratoga Springs, New York, U.S.
Occupation| Writer
Education| Colgate University
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (BA)
Notable works| Continental Drift, Affliction, Rule of the Bone, Cloudsplitter, The Darling, The Sweet Hereafter
Spouse|

* Darlene Bennett

(divorced)​

* Mary Gunst

(m. 1963; div. 1977)​

* Kathy Walton

(m. 1982; div. 1988)​

* Chase Twichell

(m. 1989)​

Children| 4

Banks's voice

Banks talks about Lost Memory of Skin on Bookbits radio in 2011

Website
www.russellbanks.com

Russell Earl Banks (March 28, 1940 – January 8, 2023) was an American writer of fiction and poetry. His novels are known for "detailed accounts of domestic strife and the daily struggles of ordinary often-marginalized characters".[1] He drew from his own childhood in the working class, but also from the larger world, such as his years in Jamaica. His novels often reflect "moral themes and personal relationships".[1]

Banks was a member of the International Parliament of Writers and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters.

## Life and career

[edit]

Russell Earl Banks was born in Newton, Massachusetts, on March 28, 1940, and grew up "in relative poverty."[2][3] He was the son of Florence (née Taylor), a homemaker, and Earl Banks, a plumber, and was raised in Barnstead, New Hampshire.[3][4][5] His father deserted the family when Banks was aged 12, making their survival even more difficult.[5]

Awarded a scholarship to attend Colgate University, Banks dropped out six weeks into university and traveled south instead, with the "intention of joining Fidel Castro's insurgent army in Cuba, but wound up working in a department store in Lakeland, Florida".[5]

He married Darlene Bennett, who was working as a sales clerk at the time. They had one daughter and later divorced.[3]

According to an interview with The Independent, he started to write when he was living in Miami in the late 1950s.[2] In a separate interview with The Paris Review, he said the writing came after his return to New England in 1964 and settling in Boston. He married Mary Gunst. They had three daughters together before getting divorced in 1977.

Supportive of his writing, the Gunst family paid for him to attend the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill during their early marriage; he graduated in 1967.[5][6][7] In Chapel Hill, Banks was involved in Students for a Democratic Society and protest during the Civil Rights Movement.[2]

In 1976, he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship.[8][3]

Several years after his divorce, Banks married Kathy Walton, an editor at Harper & Row, in 1982. They divorced in 1988.[3][6] The following year, he married poet Chase Twichell.[2][3] They were married until his death in 2023.

He taught creative writing at Princeton University.[9] At retirement, he was the Howard G.B. Clark ’21 University Professor in the Humanities, Emeritus, and professor of the Humanities Council and creative writing, emeritus.[10]

He was also Artist-in-Residence at the University of Maryland.[2]

In popular culture, Banks's work became more widely known through adaptations of several of his novels as films, among them Continental Drift.

He was briefly mentioned in philosopher Richard Rorty's 1996 future history essay "Fraternity Reigns" in The New York Times Magazine. Rorty referred to him as having written a 2021 novel, Trampling the Vineyards, describing it as "samizdat" because of the political repression envisioned in the philosopher's speculative essay.[11]

Banks lived in upstate New York and Miami.[12]

## Honors

[edit]

Banks's works received high recognition through his careeer. He was the 1985 recipient of the John Dos Passos Prize for fiction.[13] His novels Continental Drift and Cloudsplitter were finalists for the 1986 and 1999 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, respectively.[14][15]

Banks was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1996.[16]

He was a New York State Author for 2004–2006.[17]

### Death

[edit]

Banks died from cancer at his home in Saratoga Springs, New York, on Sunday, January 8, 2023, at the age of 82.[3][10]

## Works and themes

[edit]

His work has been translated into twenty languages and has received numerous international prizes and awards. He wrote fiction, and, later, non-fiction, with Dreaming up America. His main works include the novels Continental Drift, Rule of the Bone, Cloudsplitter, The Sweet Hereafter, and Affliction. The latter two novels were each made into feature films in 1997 (see The Sweet Hereafter and Affliction). Many of Banks's works reflect his working-class upbringing. His stories often show people facing tragedy and downturns in everyday life, expressing sadness and self-doubt, but also showing resilience and strength in the face of their difficulties.[18] Banks also wrote short stories, some of which appear in the collection The Angel on the Roof, as well as poetry.

Banks also lived in Jamaica. Interviewed in 1998 for The Paris Review, he stated that:

> After living in Jamaica and writing The Book of Jamaica, I accepted that I was obliged, for example, to have African-American friends. I was obliged to address, deliberately, the overlapping social and racial contexts of my life. I'm a white man in a white-dominated, racialized society, therefore, if I want to I can live my whole life in a racial fantasy. Most white Americans do just that. Because we can. In a color-defined society we are invited to think that white is not a color. We are invited to fantasize, and we act accordingly.[5]

The themes of Continental Drift (1985) include globalization and unrest in Haiti. His 2004 novel The Darling is largely set in Liberia and deals with the racial and political experience of the white American narrator.

Writing in the Journal of American Studies, Anthony Hutchison argues that, "[a]side from William Faulkner it is difficult to think of a white twentieth-century American writer who has negotiated the issue of race in as sustained, unflinching and intelligent a fashion as Russell Banks".[19]

In 2023, it was confirmed that Paul Schrader would write and direct Oh, Canada, an adaptation of Banks's novel, Foregone, starring Richard Gere and Jacob Elordi.[20]

### Reception

[edit]

According to Robert Faggen in The Paris Review, Banks's debut novel, Family Life, "was not a critical success". His next volume, a collection of short stories called Searching for Survivors, won Banks an O. Henry Award. A second collection of short stories, The New World, published in 1978, "received acclaim for its blending of historical and semi-autobiographical material".[5]

Many have admired Banks's realistic writing, which often explores American social dilemmas and moral struggles. Reviewers have appreciated his portrayal of the working-class people struggling to overcome destructive relationships, poverty, drug abuse, and spiritual confusion. Scholars have variously compared his fiction to the works of Raymond Carver, Richard Ford, and Andre Dubus. Christine Benvenuto commented that "Banks writes with an intensely focused empathy and a compassionate sense of humor that help to keep readers, if not his characters, afloat through the misadventures and outright tragedies of his books."[21]

In 2011, The Guardian's Tom Cox selected Cloudsplitter as one of his "overlooked classics of American literature".[22]

## Awards and honors

[edit]

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (May 2023)

|

* 1975 O. Henry Award[23]
* 1985 Dos Passos Prize[13]
* 1986 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction finalist, Continental Drift[24]
* 1996 Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences[16]
* 1998 Anisfield-Wolf Book Award[23]
* 1999 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction finalist, Cloudsplitter[24]
* 2004–2006 New York State Author[17]
* 2008 Thornton Wilder Prize[25]
* 2011 Commonwealth Award for Literature[26]
* 2012 Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Fiction, shortlist, Lost Memory of Skin[27]
* American Book Award[citation needed]
* Guggenheim Fellowship[citation needed]

## Works

[edit]

Novels[28]

* Family Life (1975)
* Hamilton Stark (1978)
* The Book of Jamaica (1980)
* The Relation of My Imprisonment (1983)
* Continental Drift (1985)
* Affliction (1989)
* The Sweet Hereafter (1991)
* Rule of the Bone (1995)
* Cloudsplitter (1998)
* The Darling (2004)
* The Reserve (2008)
* Lost Memory of Skin (2011)
* Foregone (2021)
* The Magic Kingdom (2022)[29]

Story collections[28]

* Searching for Survivors (1975)
* The New World (1978)
* Trailerpark (1981)
* Success Stories (1986)
* The Angel on the Roof: The Stories of Russell Banks (2000)
* A Permanent Member of the Family (2013)
* American Spirits (2024)

Poetry

* Waiting to Freeze (1969)
* Snow (1974)

Nonfiction[28]

* Invisible Stranger (1998)
* Dreaming Up America (2008)
* Voyager (2016)

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b "Russell Banks – Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up)". Student Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on May 10, 2013. Retrieved October 19, 2011.
2. ^ a b c d e Freeman, John (May 9, 2008). "Russell Banks: Class warrior in a club tie". The Independent. Archived from the original on January 22, 2014. Retrieved June 15, 2013.
3. ^ a b c d e f g Chace, Rebecca (January 8, 2023). "Russell Banks, Novelist Steeped in the Working Class, Dies at 82". The New York Times. Retrieved January 8, 2023.
4. ^ Niemi, Robert (1997). Russell Banks. Twayne Publishers. ISBN 9780805740189.
5. ^ a b c d e f Faggen, Robert (Summer 1998). "Russell Banks, The Art of Fiction No. 152". The Paris Review. Summer 1998 (147). Archived from the original on April 26, 2021. Retrieved July 10, 2023.
6. ^ a b Hubbard, Kim (November 13, 1989). "Russell Banks's Tale of Family Violence Hits Close to Home". People. Vol. 32, no. 20\. Archived from the original on December 27, 2013. Retrieved June 15, 2013.
7. ^ "Distinguished Alumna and Alumnus Award Recipients". Archived from the original on May 28, 2010. Retrieved October 12, 2009.
8. ^ "Russell Banks". John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. Archived from the original on June 3, 2013. Retrieved June 15, 2013.
9. ^ Wendland, Joel (January 21, 2004). "Writing Class: An Interview with Russell Banks". Political Affairs. Archived from the original on July 10, 2013. Retrieved June 15, 2013.
10. ^ a b Saxon, Jamie (January 13, 2023). "Russell Banks, acclaimed novelist, professor in the humanities and creative writing, and 'absolutely wonderful' mentor, dies at 82". princeton.edu. Retrieved January 6, 2024. "Russell Banks, award-winning novelist and the Howard G.B. Clark '21 University Professor in the Humanities, Emeritus, and professor of the Humanities Council and creative writing, emeritus, died Jan. 8 from cancer at his home in Saratoga Springs, New York. He was 82."
11. ^ Rorty, Richard (September 26, 1996). "Fraternity Reigns: Looking Backwards from the Year 2096". The New York Times Company. Retrieved August 31, 2021.
12. ^ Barron, Jesse (December 12, 2012). "A Conversation With Russell Banks". Harper's Magazine. Archived from the original on May 22, 2013. Retrieved June 15, 2013.
13. ^ a b "Past Recipients and Select Works". The John Dos Passos Prize for Literature. Longwood University, www.longwood.edu. Retrieved January 15, 2023.
14. ^ "1986 Finalists". The Pulitzer Prizes. Archived from the original on December 20, 2012. Retrieved June 15, 2013.
15. ^ "The 1999 Pulitzer Prize Winners: Fiction". The Pulitzer Prizes. Archived from the original on May 30, 2013. Retrieved June 15, 2013.
16. ^ a b "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter B" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 18, 2006. Retrieved May 17, 2011.
17. ^ a b "Russell Banks; New York State Author, 2004 - 2006". New York State Writers Institute. SUNY-Albany. Retrieved March 6, 2020.
18. ^ "Interview: Russell Banks". IdentityTheory.com. January 18, 2005. Archived from the original on December 14, 2007. Retrieved December 9, 2007.
19. ^ Hutchison, Anthony (2007). "Representative Man: John Brown and the Politics of Redemption in Russell Banks's Cloudsplitter". Journal of American Studies. 41 (1): 67–82\. doi:10.1017/S0021875806002751. S2CID 145078185.
20. ^ Bergeson, Samantha (September 11, 2023). "Jacob Elordi Joins Richard Gere in Paul Schrader's 'Oh, Canada'". IndieWire. Retrieved September 18, 2023.
21. ^ Burns and Hunter, Tom and Jeffery W. "Russell Banks". Retrieved October 23, 2011.
22. ^ Cox, Tom (November 10, 2011). "Overlooked classics of American literature: Cloudsplitter by Russell Banks". The Guardian. Archived from the original on December 27, 2013. Retrieved June 15, 2013.
23. ^ a b "Russell Banks, acclaimed novelist, professor in the humanities and creative writing, and 'absolutely wonderful' mentor, dies at 82". Princeton University. Retrieved May 17, 2023.
24. ^ a b "Russell Banks, novelist of the working class, dies at 82". The Washington Post.
25. ^ "About Us | Thornton Wilder Society". Retrieved May 17, 2023.
26. ^ "ABOUT". russellbanks.com. Retrieved May 17, 2023.
27. ^ Wyatt, Neal (May 21, 2012). "Wyatt's World: The Carnegie Medals Short List". Library Journal. Archived from the original on May 27, 2012. Retrieved May 23, 2012.
28. ^ a b c "Where to Start With Russell Banks". The New York Public Library. Retrieved May 17, 2023.
29. ^ Briefly reviewed in the January 2023 issue of Commonweal, p.65.

## Further reading

[edit]

* McEneaney, Kevin T. (2010). Russell Banks: In Search of Freedom. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger. ISBN 978-0313381652.
* Niemi, Robert (1997). Russell Banks. Twayne, NY: Twayne. ISBN 080574018X.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Russell Banks.

Literary links

* http://www.albany.edu/writers-inst/webpages4/archives/banksr.html
* Russell Banks reads his short story "The Moor" on This American Life
* Russell Banks Papers at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin
* Essay on Banks' short stories

Interviews

* Faggen, Robert (Summer 1998). "Russell Banks, The Art of Fiction No. 152". Paris Review. Summer 1998 (147).
* Interview, 2003: https://www.januarymagazine.com/profiles/rbanks.html
* Interview, March, 2008
* Interview with Russell Banks when "The Darling" was published
* Steven Barclay Agency. "Russell Banks". Contains many links to material about Banks. Retrieved July 20, 2021.
* Interview with Russell Banks, A DISCUSSION WITH National Authors on Tour TV Series, Episode #159 (1995)

* v
* t
* e

John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry

John Brown's raiders|

* Osborne Perry Anderson
* John Brown
* body
* Oliver Brown
* Owen Brown (son)
* Watson Brown
* John Anthony Copeland Jr.
* Barclay Coppock
* Edwin Coppock
* Shields Green
* Albert Hazlett
* John Henry Kagi
* Lewis Sheridan Leary
* Francis Jackson Meriam
* Dangerfield Newby
* Aaron Dwight Stevens

Secret Six|

* Thomas Wentworth Higginson
* Samuel Gridley Howe
* Theodore Parker
* Franklin Benjamin Sanborn
* Gerrit Smith
* George Luther Stearns

Other individuals|

* John Wilkes Booth
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* Owen Brown (father)
* John Brown, Jr.
* James Buchanan
* Samuel Chilton
* John E.P. Daingerfield
* Israel Greene
* George Henry Hoyt
* Andrew Hunter
* Stonewall Jackson
* Robert E. Lee
* James M. Mason
* Richard Parker
* Wendell Phillips
* Richard Realf
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* George Sennott
* Heyward Shepherd
* Lysander Spooner
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* Lewis Washington
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Locations|

* Allstadt House and Ordinary
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Afterwards|

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Related|

* Abolitionism in the United States
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* Cloudsplitter
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* John Stuart Curry
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* Fire on the Mountain
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* Marching Song (play)
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* Origins of the American Civil War
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* Allan Pinkerton
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* Santa Fe Trail (film)
* Seven Angry Men
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* Harriet Tubman
* Nat Turner
* Denmark Vesey
* Wakarusa War
* Walt Whitman
* Winchester and Potomac Railroad

* v
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American Book Awards winners (1980–1999)

1980|

* Douglas Woolf
* Edward Dorn
* Jayne Cortez
* Leslie Marmon Silko
* Mei-mei Berssenbrugge
* Milton Murayama
* Quincy Troupe
* Rudolfo Anaya

1981|

* Alta
* Alan Chong Lau
* Bienvenido N. Santos
* Helen Adam
* Lionel Mitchell
* Miguel Algarín
* Nicholasa Mohr
* Peter Blue Cloud
* Robert Kelly
* Rose Drachler
* Susan Howe
* Toni Cade Bambara

1982|

* Al Young
* Duane Niatum
* E. L. Mayo
* Frank Chin
* Hilton Obenzinger
* Him Mark Lai / Genny Lim / Judy Yung
* Jerome Rothenberg
* Joyce Carol Thomas
* Leroy Quintana
* Lorna Dee Cervantes
* Ronald Phillip Tanaka
* Russell Banks
* Tato Laviera

1983|

* Barbara Christian
* Cecilia Liang
* Evangelina Vigil-Piñón
* Harriet Rohmer
* James D. Houston
* Jessica Tarahata Hagedorn
* John A. Williams
* Joy Kogawa
* Judy Grahn
* Nash Candelaria
* Peter Guralnick
* Seán Ó Tuama

1984|

* Cecil Brown
* Gary Snyder
* Howard Schwartz/ Mark Podwal
* Imamu Amiri Baraka
* Jesús Colón
* Joseph Bruchac
* Maurice Kenny
* Mei-mei Berssenbrugge
* Miné Okubo
* Paule Marshall
* Ruthanne Lum McCunn / You-shan Tang / Ellen Lai-shan Yeung
* Thomas McGrath
* Venkatesh Kulkarni
* William J. Kennedy

1985|

* Angela Jackson
* Arnold Genthe / John Kuo Wei Tchen
* Colleen J. McElroy
* Gary Soto
* Peter Irons
* Keiho Soga / Taisanboku Mori / Sojin Takei / Muin Ozaki
* Louise Erdrich
* Maureen Owen
* May Sarton
* Robert Edward Duncan
* Ron Jones
* Sandra Cisneros
* Sonia Sanchez
* Julia Vinograd
* William Oandasan

1986|

* Anna Lee Walters
* Cherríe Moraga / Gloria E. Anzaldúa
* Helen Barolini
* Jeff Hannusch
* Linda Hogan
* Miguel Algarín
* Natasha Borovsky
* Raymond Federman
* Susan Howe
* Terence Winch
* Toshio Mori

1987|

* Ai
* Ana Castillo
* Cyn Zarco
* Daniel McGuire
* Dorothy Bryant
* Etheridge Knight
* Gary Giddins
* Harvey Pekar
* James Welch
* John Wieners
* Juan Felipe Herrera
* Lucia Chiavola Birnbaum
* Michael Mayo
* Septima Poinsette Clark / Cynthia Stokes Brown
* Terry McMillan

1988|

* Allison Blakely
* Charles Olson
* Daisy Bates
* David Halberstam
* Edward Sanders
* Gerald Vizenor
* Jimmy Santiago Baca
* Kesho Y. Scott / Cherry Muhanji / Egyirba High
* Marlon K. Hom
* Benjamin Hoff
* Ronald Sukenick
* Salvatore La Puma
* Toni Morrison
* Wing Tek Lum / Tek Lum Lum

1989|

* Alma Luz Villanueva
* Askia M. Touré
* Audre Lorde
* Carolyn Lau
* Emory Elliott
* Eduardo Galeano
* Frank Chin
* Henry Louis Gates
* Isabel Allende
* J. California Cooper
* Jennifer Stone
* Josephine Gattuso Hendin
* Leslie Scalapino
* Shuntaro Tanikawa
* Charles Fanning
* William Minoru Hohri

1990|

* Adrienne Kennedy
* Barbara Grizzuti Harrison
* Daniela Gioseffi
* Elizabeth Woody
* Hualing Nieh
* Itabari Njeri
* James M. Freeman
* John C. Walter / J. Raymond Jones
* John Norton
* José Emilio González
* Sergei Kan
* Lloyd A. Thompson
* Martin Bernal
* Michelle T. Clinton / Sesshu Foster
* Miles Davis
* Paula Gunn Allen
* Shirley Geok-lin Lim / Mayumi Tsutakawa / Margarita Donnelly

1991|

* Alejandro Murguía
* bell hooks
* Bruce Wright
* Charley Trujillo
* D. H. Melhem
* Deborah Keenan
* Jessica Hagedorn
* John Edgar Wideman
* Joy Harjo
* Karen Tei Yamashita
* Lucia Berlin
* Mary Crow Dog
* Meridel Le Sueur
* Mill Hunk Herald Collective
* Nora Marks Dauenhauer / Richard Dauenhauer
* R. Baxter Miller
* Thomas Centolella

1992|

* A'Lelia Perry Bundles
* Art Spiegelman
* Benjamin Alire Sáenz
* Donna J. Haraway
* Fritjof Capra
* José Antonio Burciaga
* Keith Gilyard
* Lucy Thompson
* Norma Field
* Peter Bacho
* Peter Kalifornsky
* Raymond Andrews
* Sandra Scofield
* Sheila Hamanaka
* Verlyn Klinkenborg
* William B. Branch / Amiri Baraka / August Wilson

1993|

* Asake Bomani / Belvie Rooks
* Christopher Mogil / Peter Woodrow
* Cornel West
* Denise Giardina
* Diane Glancy
* Eugene B. Redmond
* Francisco X. Alarcón
* Gerald Graff
* Jack Beatty
* Leroy V. Quintana
* Katherine Peter
* Nelson George
* Ninotchka Rosca

1994|

* Giose Rimanelli
* Eric Drooker
* Graciela Limón
* Gregory J. Reed
* Janet Campbell Hale
* Jill Nelson
* Lawson Fusao Inada
* Nicole Blackman
* Paul Gilroy
* Ronald Takaki
* Rose L. Glickman
* Tino Villanueva
* Virginia L. Kroll

1995|

* Abraham Rodriguez
* Herb Boyd / Robert L. Allen
* Denise Chavez
* John Egerton
* John Ross
* Thomas Avena
* Linda Raymond
* Li-Young Lee
* Marianna De Marco Torgovnick
* Marnie Mueller
* Peter Quinn
* Sandra Martz
* Gordon Henry Jr.
* Tricia Rose

1996|

* Agate Nesaule
* Arthur Sze
* Chang-Rae Lee
* Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni
* E.J. Miller Laino
* Glenn C. Loury
* James W. Loewen
* Joe Sacco / Edward Said
* Kimiko Hahn
* Maria Espinosa
* Robert Viscusi
* Sherman Alexie
* Ron Sakolsky / Fred Weihan Ho
* Stephanie Cowell
* William H. Gass

1997|

* Alurista
* Derrick Bell
* Dorothy Barresi
* Guillermo Gómez-Peña
* Louis Owens
* Martín Espada
* Montserrat Fontes
* Noel Ignatiev
* Shirley Geok-lin Lim
* Sunaina Maira
* Thulani Davis
* Tom De Haven
* William M. Banks
* Brenda Knight

1998|

* Allison Adelle Hedge Coke
* Angela Y. Davis
* Brenda Marie Osbey
* Don DeLillo
* Jim Barnes
* John A. Williams
* Nancy Rawles
* Nora Okja Keller
* Sandra Benitez
* Scott DeVeaux
* Thomas Lynch

1999|

* Alice McDermott
* Anna Linzer
* Brian Ward
* Chiori Santiago
* E. Donald Two-Rivers
* Edwidge Danticat
* Judith Roche / Meg McHutchison
* Gioia Timpanelli
* Gloria Naylor
* James D. Houston
* Jerry Lipka / Gerald V. Mohatt / Ciulistet Group
* Trey Ellis
* Josip Novakovich
* Lauro Flores
* Luís Alberto Urrea
* Nelson George
* Speer Morgan
* Gary Gach
* Chiori Santiago / Judith Lowry

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