Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)

Conflict in Eastern Europe

Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)

Clockwise from top left:

* Trubetsky's massacre [be-tarask]
* The siege of Lyakhavichy by Russian troops (1660)
* Battle between the Cossack polkovnik Ivan Bohun (right) and the Polish nobleman Stefan Czarniecki (left)
* Departure of Tsar Alexei to inspect the troops (1664)
* The siege of Stavishche by Polish troops (1664)

| Date| 1654–1667

|

Location|

Europe: Eastern Borderlands of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Result|  Russian victory[2]
Territorial
changes|  Russia gains control of left-bank Ukraine, Kiev and Smolensk.
Belligerents
Tsardom of Russia
Cossack Hetmanate|

Poland–Lithuania
Crimean Khanate
Cossack Hetmanate

Duchy of Prussia[1]
Commanders and leaders
Aleksey Trubetskoy,
Bohdan Khmelnytsky,
Yurii Khmelnytsky,
Ivan Bohun †,
Vasily Sheremetev,
Vasiliy Buturlin,
Ivan Khovansky,
Yuri Dolgorukov,
Yakov Cherkassky # †[a]|  Stefan Czarniecki,
Wincenty Gosiewski,
John II Casimir,
Stanisław Lanckoroński,
Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski,
Michał Kazimierz Pac,
Aleksander Hilary Połubiński,
Stanisław Rewera Potocki,
Janusz Radziwiłł,
Paweł Jan Sapieha,
Ivan Vyhovsky,
Pavlo Teteria,
Petro Doroshenko

* v
* t
* e

Russo-Polish War of 1654–1667

* Smolensk (1654)
* Shepeleviche (1654)
* Shklow (1654)
* Okhmativ (1655)
* Mogilev (1655)
* Vilnius (1655)
* Horodok (1655)
* Ozerna (1655)
* Brest (1655)
* Verkiai (1658)
* Varva (1659)
* Myadel (1659)
* Stary Bykhaw (1659)
* Konotop (1659)
* Mohyliv–Podilskyi (1660)
* Lyakhavichy (1660)
* Barysaw (1660)
* Polonka (1660)
* Mogilev (1660)
* Lyubar (1660)
* Slobodyshche (1660)
* Basya (1660)
* Chudnov (1660)
* Mogilev (1661)
* Druya (1661)
* Kushliki (1661)
* Vilnius (1661)
* Hlukhiv (1663)
* Pyrohivka (1664)
* Vitebsk (1664)
* Shklow (1664)
* Stavishchе (1664)
* Ilūkste (1665)
* Daugavpils (1666)

* v
* t
* e

Polish–Russian Wars

Kievan Rus'

* 981
* 1022
* 1018
* 1030-1031
* 1069-1071
* 1076-1077
* 1092
* 1121-1124
* 1135
* 1136
* 1139-1142
* 1180

* * *

Halych–Volhynia

* 1182-1183
* 1205
* 1280
* 1340-1392

* * *

Tsardom of Russia

* Muscovite/Lithuanian
* 1487-1494
* 1508
* 1512-1522
* 1558-1583
* 1605–1618
* 1632-1634
* 1654–1667

* * *

Russian Empire

* 1733-1735
* 1768-1772
* 1792
* 1794
* 1806-1807
* 1812
* 1830-1831
* 1863-1864

* * *

Soviet Union

* 1914-1918
* 1918-1919
* 1919-1921
* 1939

The Russo-Polish War of 1654–1667, also called the Thirteen Years' War,[3] Muscovite War of 1654-1667[4] and the First Northern War,[3] was a major conflict between the Tsardom of Russia and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Between 1655 and 1660, the Swedish invasion was also fought in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and so the period became known in Poland as "The Deluge" or Swedish Deluge.

The Commonwealth initially suffered defeats, but it regained its ground and won several decisive battles. However, its plundered economy was not able to fund the long conflict. Facing internal crisis and civil war, the Commonwealth was forced to sign a truce. The war ended with significant Russian territorial gains and marked the beginning of the rise of Russia as a great power in Eastern Europe.

## Background[edit]

The conflict was triggered by the Khmelnytsky Rebellion of Zaporozhian Cossacks against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Cossack leader, Bohdan Khmelnytsky, derived his main foreign support from Alexis of Russia and promised his allegiance in recompense.

Although the Zemsky Sobor of 1651 was poised to accept the Cossacks into the Moscow sphere of influence and to enter the war against Poland–Lithuania, the Tsar waited until 1653, when a new popular assembly eventually authorized the protectorate of Ukraine with Tsardom of Russia. After the Cossacks ratified the agreement at the Pereiaslav Council, the Russo-Polish War became inevitable.

## Invasion of the Commonwealth[edit]

In July 1654 the Russian army of 41,000 (nominally under the Tsar, but in fact commanded by Princes Yakov Cherkassky, Nikita Odoevsky and Ivan Khovansky) captured the border forts of Bely and Dorogobuzh and laid siege to Smolensk.

The Russian position at Smolensk was endangered as long as Great Lithuanian Hetman, Prince Janusz Radziwiłł, with a 10,000 man garrison, held Orsha, slightly to the west.[5] Cherkassky took Orsha; forces under his command, led by Kniaz (Prince, or Duke) Yuri Baryatinsky, forced Radziwill to retreat in the Battle of Shklov (also known as the Battle of Szkłów, Battle of Shkloŭ, or Battle of Shklow, which took place during a solar eclipse, and for which both sides claimed victory), fought near Shklov on August 12.[5] Radziwill was again defeated twelve days later at the Battle of Shepeleviche. After a three-month siege, Smolensk – the main object of the previous Russo-Polish War – fell to the Russians on 23 September.

In the meantime, Prince Aleksey Trubetskoy led the southern flank of the Russian army from Bryansk to Ukraine. The territory between the Dnieper and Berezina was overrun quickly, with Trubetskoy taking Mstislavl and Roslavl and his Ukrainian allies capturing Homel. On the northern flank, V.B. Sheremetev set out from Pskov and seized the Lithuanian cities of Nevel (July 1), Polotsk (July 17), and Vitebsk (November 17).

Thereupon the Tsar's troops in December swarmed over Polish Livonia and firmly established themselves in Ludza and Rezekne. Simultaneously, the combined forces of Khmelnitsky and the Russian Boyar Buturlin struck against Volynia. Despite many disagreements between the commanders, they took hold of Ostroh and Rivne by the end of the year.

## Campaign of 1655[edit]

In the winter and spring of 1655, (Prince) Radziwill launched a counter-offensive in Belarus, recapturing Orsha and besieging Mogilyov. This siege continued for three months with no conclusion. In January, Sheremetev and Khmelnitsky were defeated at the Battle of Okhmativ, while a second Polish army (allied with the Tatars) crushed a Russian-Ukrainian contingent at Zhashkov.

Alarmed by these reverses, the Tsar hastened from Moscow and at his instigation a massive offensive was launched. The Lithuanian forces offered little effective resistance and surrendered Minsk to the Cossacks and Cherkassky on 3 July. Vilnius, the capital of the Great Duchy of Lithuania, was taken by the Russians on 31 July. This success was followed up by the conquest of Kaunas and Hrodno in August.

Elsewhere, Prince Volkonsky sailed from Kiev up the Dnieper and the Pripyat, routing the Lithuanians and capturing Pinsk on his way. Trubetskoy's unit overran Slonim and Kletsk, while Sheremetev managed little beyond seizing Velizh on June 17. A Lithuanian garrison still resisted the Cossacks' siege in Stary Bykhov, when Khmelnitsky and Buturlin were already active in Galicia. They attacked the Polish city of Lwów in September and entered Lublin after Pawel Jan Sapieha's defeat near Brest.

## Armistice and campaign against Vyhovsky[edit]

The Russians advance into the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth led to the kingdom of Sweden invading Poland in 1655 under King Charles X.

Afanasy Ordin-Nashchokin then opened negotiations with the Poles and signed an armistice, Truce of Vilna, on 2 November. After that, Russian forces marched on Swedish Livonia and besieged Riga in the Russo-Swedish War (1656–1658), a theater of the Second Northern War. Khmelnytsky was not against this temporary truce and supported the Tsar though he warned him of Polish furtiveness.[6] Ivan Vyhovsky, the newly elected hetman in 1657 upon the death of Khmelnytsky, allied himself with the Poles in Sept. 1658, creating the Grand Duchy of Ruthenia. However, the Cossacks were also beset with the start of a civil war with this Commonwealth treaty and a new Treaty of Pereyaslav with Russia in 1659.

The Tsar concluded with Sweden the advantageous Treaty of Valiersar, which allowed him to resume hostilities against the Poles in October, capturing Wincenty Gosiewski at the Battle of Werki. In the north, Sapieha's attempt to blockade Vilnius was checked by Prince Yury Dolgorukov [ru] on October 11. In the south, the Ukrainian Vyhovsky failed to wrest Kiev from Sheremetev's control where Russians kept their garrison. In July 1659, however, Vyhovsky and his Crimean Tatar allies inflicted a heavy defeat upon Trubetskoy's army, then besieging Konotop.

Polish-Russian War 1654–1667

The threat to the Russians during their conquests in Ukraine was relieved after Vyhovsky lost his alliance with Crimean Khanate due to Kosh Otaman Ivan Sirko campaign who later attacked Chyhyryn as well.

An uprising arose in the Siever Ukraine where Vyhovsky stationed few Polish garrisons. During the uprising perished a Ukrainian nobleman Yuri Nemyrych who was considered the original author of the Hadyach Treaty. Together with the Uman colonel Mykhailo Khanenko Sirko has led a full scale uprising throughout Ukraine. The mutinied Cossacks requested Vyhovsky to surrender the hetman's attributes and reelect Khmelnitsky's son Yurii once again as the true hetman of Ukraine. Both forces faced off near the village of Hermanivka. There the rest of cossacks deserted Vyhovsky and rallied under Yuri Khmelnytsky, while Vyhovsky was left with the Polish troops and other mercenaries. A council was gathered with participation of both sides where the union with Poland–Lithuania was proclaimed unpopular and due to the rising arguments and threats Vyhovsky has left the meeting. The council elected Khmelnytsky the new hetman and an official request to surrender the power was sent to Vyhovsky who had no other choice as to comply.

Russian forces stunned at Konotop tried to renegotiate a peace treaty on any terms. However, the change of powers within the Cossack Hetmanate reflected the amount influence of the Russian foreign policy in Ukraine and reassured voivode Trubetskoi. Trubetskoi invited Khmelnytsky to renegotiate.

Advising by starshyna not to rush it Yuri Khmelnytsky sent out Petro Doroshenko with an official request. Trubetskoi, however, insisted on the presence of the hetman to sign the official treaty at Pereyaslav (see Pereyaslav Articles).

Arriving there Khmelnytsky discovered that he was ambushed.

## End of the war[edit]

Most of the eastern areas marked with light orange were lost by the Commonwealth to Russia in 1667; the rest were lost in the Grzymułtowski's Peace Treaty of 1686.

The tide turned in favor of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1660. King John II Casimir, having concluded the Second Northern War against Sweden with the Treaty of Oliva, was now able to concentrate all his forces on the Eastern front.[3]: 186 Sapieha and Stefan Czarniecki defeated Khovansky at the Battle of Polonka on 27 June.[3]: 186 Then, Potocki and Lubomirski attacked V.B. Sheremetev in the Battle of Cudnów and forced him to capitulate on 2 November, after persuading Yurii Khmelnytsky to withdraw on 17 October.[3]: 186 These reverses forced the Tsar to accept the Treaty of Kardis, by way of averting a new war against Sweden.

In July 1662, the Right-Bank forces of Yuri Khmelnytsky, supported by Polish and Crimean Tatar troops (about 20 000 men ), were defeated in the large battle of Kaniv by the Russian forces of Grigory Romodanovsky and the Left-Bank Cossacks of Yakym Somko (about 28 000 men)..[7]

Towards the end of 1663, the Polish-Lithuanian King crossed the Dnieper and invaded Left-bank Ukraine. Most towns in his path surrendered without resistance, but his siege of Hlukhiv in January was a costly failure, and he suffered a further setback at Novgorod-Seversky, and so his Ukrainian campaign proved a fiasco. The forces of Lithuania in the summer managed to defeat the invading corps of Khovansky near Vitebsk, but overall the 1664 campaigns were a disappointment.[3]: 187

Peace negotiations dragged on from 1664 until January 1667, when civil war forced the Poles and Lithuanians to conclude the Treaty of Andrusovo, whereby the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth ceded to Russia the fortress of Smolensk and Ukraine on the left bank of the Dnieper River (including Kiev), while the Commonwealth retained the right-bank Ukraine.[3]: 186

In addition to the territorial changes from the war, this conflict sparked major changes in the Russian military. While the Russian army was still a "semi-standing, mobilized seasonally", this conflict moved it along the path toward a standing army, laying the groundwork for Russian military successes under Peter the Great and Catherine the Great.[8]

This war, occurring during a time known as the Deluge, was a major negative outcome for the Polish nation. While Poland had been able to regain some of its lost territories, in the long-term it greatly weakened and left Poland increasingly vulnerable to Russian incursions. The country found itself unable to prevent the future Partitions of Poland, in which Russia took a major part.[9]

## List of battles in chronological order[edit]

This section needs expansion with: more battles from the Polish and Russian wikipedia's. You can help by adding to it. (January 2024)

|

Polish victory \- 12

Russian victory \- 8
Another result \- 2
Battles of the Russo-Polish War (1654-1667) Date  | Battle  | Belligerents  | Belligerents  | Result

|
|
|
|

1654 | Siege of Smolensk |  Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Tsardom of Russia | Russian victory
1654 | Battle of Shepeleviche |  Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Tsardom of Russia | Russian victory
1654 | Battle of Shklov |  Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Tsardom of Russia | Indecisive
1655 | Battle of Okhmativ |  Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Crimean Khanate

|  Tsardom of Russia

Cossack Hetmanate

| Polish-Lithuanian victory
1655 | Siege of Mogilev |  Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Tsardom of Russia | Russian victory
1655 | Battle of Vilnius |  Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Tsardom of Russia

Cossack Hetmanate

| Russian/Cossack

victory

1655 | Battle of Horodok |  Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Tsardom of Russia

Cossack Hetmanate

| Russian/Cossack

victory

1655 | Battle of Ozerna |  Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Crimean Khanate

|  Tsardom of Russia

Cossack Hetmanate

| Polish-Lithuanian victory
1658 | Battle of Verkiai |  Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Tsardom of Russia | Russian victory
1659 | Battle of Myadel |  Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Tsardom of Russia | Russian victory
1659 | Battle of Konotop |  Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Cossack Hetmanate

Tsardom of Russia

Cossack Hetmanate

| Polish/Cossack

victory

1660 | Siege of Lyakhavichy |  Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Tsardom of Russia | Polish-Lithuanian victory
1660 | Battle of Polonka |  Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Tsardom of Russia | Polish-Lithuanian victory
1660 | Battle of Lyubar |  Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Tsardom of Russia | Polish-Lithuanian victory
1660 | Battle of Slobodyshche |  Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Tsardom of Russia | Polish-Lithuanian victory
1660 | Battle of Basya |  Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Tsardom of Russia | Indecisive
1660 | Battle of Chudnov |  Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Crimean Khanate

|  Tsardom of Russia

Cossack Hetmanate

| Polish-Lithuanian victory
1661 | Siege of Vilnius |  Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Tsardom of Russia | Polish-Lithuanian victory
1661 | Battle of Kushliki |  Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Tsardom of Russia | Polish-Lithuanian victory
1662 | Battle of Buzhin |  Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Crimean Khanate

|  Tsardom of Russia

Cossack Hetmanate

| Polish-Lithuanian victory
1664 | Siege of Hlukhiv |  Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Crimean Khanate

|  Tsardom of Russia

Cossack Hetmanate

| Russian/Cossack

victory

1664 | Battle of Stavishche |  Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth |  Tsardom of Russia | Polish-Lithuanian victory

## Notes[edit]

1. ^ Polish sources testify that he died near Mogilev in 1665 , killed by meal during lunch. Russian sources say that he died in Moscow.

## References[edit]

1. ^ Овсій, Іван Олексійович. Зовнішня політика України від давніх часів до 1944 року: навч. посібник для студ. гуманітар. спец. вищих закладів освіти / І. О. Овсій . — Київ: Либідь, 1999. — 238 с. Дата обращения: 20 августа 2017. Архивировано из оригинала 13 октября 2017 года
2. ^ Bushkovitch, Paul (2011). A Concise History of Russia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-50444-7.
3. ^ a b c d e f g Frost, Robert I (2000). The Northern Wars. War, State and Society in Northeastern Europe 1558–1721. Longman. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-582-06429-4.
4. ^ Wojna moskiewska R. 1654-1655. Warsaw: Kubala,Ludwik. 1910.
5. ^ a b (in Polish) Kubala L. WOJNA MOSKIEWSKA. R. 1654–1655. SZKICE HISTORYCZNE, SER.III, WARSZAWA, 1910: Chapter VII, Bitwa pod Szkłowem i pod Szepielewiczami Archived 2015-07-01 at the Wayback Machine also available as John III Sobieski (King of Poland) (1845). Ojczyste spominki w pismach do dziejów dawnéj Polski: diaryusze, relacye, pamiȩtniki ... Tudzież listy historyczne do panowania królów Jana Kazimierza i Michała Korybuta, oraz listy Jana Sobieskiego. J. Cypcer. pp. 114–115. Retrieved April 20, 2011.
6. ^ Грамоты из переписки царя Алексея Михайловича с Богданом Хмельницким в 1656 г.
7. ^ Babulin, I. (2015). Kanevskaya bitva 16 ijulya 1662 goda. Zabytaya pobeda [Battle of Kanev July 16, 1662 Forgotten victory] (in Russian). p. 41.
8. ^ Agoston, Gabor (Spring 2011). "Military Transformation in the Ottoman Empire and Russia, 1500–1800". Kritika. 12 (2): 284. doi:10.1353/kri.2011.0018. S2CID 19755686. Retrieved 10 June 2012.
9. ^ "557lec3&4Decline&PartitionsofPoland". acienciala.faculty.ku.edu.

## External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Polish-Russian War 1654-1667.

* Russo-Polish War, 1654–1667
* The Muscovite Wars and the Polish Ascendancy

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Lithuanian wars and conflicts

Grand Duchy of Lithuania (to 1795)|

| 13th century|

* Mongol invasions of Lithuania
* Lithuanian Crusade (1283–1422)

|

14th century|

* Galicia–Volhynia Wars (1340–1392)
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15th century|

* Samogitian uprisings (1401–1409)
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16th century|

* 2nd Muscovite–Lithuanian War (1500–1503)
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17th century|

* Moldavian Magnate Wars
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* Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War (1600–1629)
* Polish-Lithuanian–Swedish War (1600–1611)
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* Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War (1617–1618)
* Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War (1621–1625)
* Polish–Lithuanian–Swedish War (1626–1629)
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* Battle of Klushino (1610)
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* Battle of Humenné (1619)
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* Battle of Berestechko (1651)
* Russo-Polish–Lithuanian War (1654–1667)
* Second Northern War
* The Deluge
* Polish–Lithuanian–Cossack–Tatar War(1666–1671)
* Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War (1672–1676)
* Battle of Khotyn (1673)
* Polish–Lithuanian–Ottoman War (1683–1699)
* Lithuanian Civil War (1697–1702)

18th century|

* Great Northern War (1700–1721)
* War of the Polish–Lithuanian Succession (1733–1735)
* War of the Bar Confederation (1768–1774)
* War of 1792
* Kościuszko Uprising (1794)

Lithuania partitioned (1795–1918)|

* Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815)
* French invasion of Russia (1812)
* November Uprising (1830–1831)
* January Uprising (1863–1864)
* Revolution of 1905
* World War I (1914–1918)

Interwar Lithuania (1918–1940)|

* Lithuanian Wars of Independence
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* Polish–Lithuanian War (1919–1920)
* Klaipėda Revolt (1923)

World War II|

* June Uprising in Lithuania (1941)

Soviet occupation (1944–1990)|

* Lithuanian partisans

Restored Lithuania (since 1990)|

* Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts
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* Iraq War (2003–2011)

* v
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* e

Polish wars and conflicts

General and related|

* Early modern warfare
* History of the Polish Army
* History of Polish intelligence services
* List of wars involving Poland
* Military of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
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Piast Poland|

* Polish–Veletian War
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* Miecław's Rebellion
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Mongol invasions|

* First Mongol invasion of Poland (1240/41)
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* Third Mongol invasion of Poland (1287/88)
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Jagiellon Poland|

| Polish–Teutonic wars|

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|

* Władysław the White's rebellion
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* Battle of Grotniki
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* Battle of Varna
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* Battle of Orsha
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* Ottoman–Tatar Invasion of Lithuania and Poland

Commonwealth|

| Polish–Swedish wars|

* Livonian War
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* Northern Seven Years' War (1563–1570)
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* Battle of Stångebro
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* Battle of Kircholm
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* Polish–Swedish War of 1621–1625
* Polish–Swedish War of 1626–1629
* Second Northern War
* The Deluge
* Great Northern War

|

* Danzig rebellion
* Battle of Lubieszów
* Siege of Danzig (1577)
* War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588)
* Battle of Byczyna
* 1589 Tatar Invasion
* Kosiński uprising
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* Battle of Kłuszyn
* Zebrzydowski rebellion
* Thirty Years' War
* Battle of Humenné

Polish–Ottoman wars|

* Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)
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* Battle of Chocim (1621)
* Polish–Ottoman War of 1633–1634
* Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–1671)
* Polish–Ottoman War of 1672–1676
* Battle of Chocim (1673)
* Great Turkish War
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* Battle of Vienna

* 1624 Tatar Invasion
* Zhmaylo uprising
* Fedorovych uprising
* Smolensk War
* Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)
* Pavlyuk uprising
* Ostryanyn uprising
* 1644 Tatar Invasion
* Khmelnytsky Uprising
* Battle of Berestechko
* Russo–Polish War of 1654–1667
* War of the Polish Succession
* War of the Bar Confederation
* Polish–Russian War of 1792
* Kościuszko Uprising

Poland partitioned|

* Denisko uprising
* Napoleonic Wars
* Peninsular War
* War of the Fourth Coalition
* Prussian campaign
* War of the Fifth Coalition
* Austro-Polish War
* War of the Sixth Coalition
* French invasion of Russia
* Greater Poland uprising (1848)
* November Uprising
* January Uprising
* World War I
* fighting in Poland on the Eastern Front

Second Republic|

* Polish–Ukrainian War
* Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)
* Polish–Czechoslovak War
* First Silesian Uprising
* Polish–Soviet War
* Battle of Warsaw
* Kiev offensive
* Second Silesian Uprising
* Polish–Lithuanian War
* Third Silesian Uprising

World War II in Poland|

* World War II
* Eastern Front
* Invasion of Poland
* Polish history, resistance, and contributions during World War II

Ghetto uprisings|

* Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
* Białystok Ghetto uprising
* Częstochowa Ghetto uprising

* Italian Campaign
* Operation Tempest
* Operation Ostra Brama
* Lwów uprising
* Warsaw Uprising

People's Republic|

* Racibórz Conflict
* Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia

Third Republic|

* War in Afghanistan
* Operation Uphold Democracy
* Iraq War
* 2003 invasion of Iraq
* Occupation of Iraq
* Russian invasion of Ukraine
* Military aid to Ukraine

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Armed conflicts involving Russia (including Imperial and Soviet times)

Related|

* Early modern warfare
* Military history of Russia
* Military history of the Russian Empire
* Military history of the Soviet Union
* Military history of the Russian Federation
* Post-Soviet conflicts
* Russian Armed Forces

Lists by opponent|

* Rus'–Byzantine Wars
* Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars
* Russo-Crimean Wars
* Soviet-Finnish wars
* Russo-Kazan Wars
* Russo-Persian Wars
* Russo-Polish Wars
* Russo-Swedish wars
* Russo-Turkish wars
* Russo-Ukrainian Wars
* Sino-Russian border conflicts
* List of wars involving Russia
* List of wars involving the Soviet Union
* List of battles involving the Russian Federation

Internal|

* Uprising of Bolotnikov
* Razin's Rebellion
* Bulavin Rebellion
* Pugachev's Rebellion
* Decembrist revolt
* Russian Civil War
* August Uprising
* Coup attempt (1991)
* 1993 Russian constitutional crisis
* First Chechen War
* War of Dagestan
* Second Chechen War
* Insurgency in the North Caucasus
* Wagner Group rebellion

Tsardom of
Russia|

* Russo-Crimean Wars
* Russo-Kazan Wars
* Russo-Swedish War (1554–1557)
* Livonian War
* Russian Conquest of Siberia (1580–1747)
* Russo-Turkish War (1568–1570)
* Russo-Swedish War (1590–1595)
* Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618) and the Time of Troubles
* Ingrian War
* Smolensk War
* Russo-Persian War (1651–1653)
* Sino-Russian border conflicts (1652–1689)
* Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)
* Deluge
* Second Northern War
* Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681)
* Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700)

18th–19th
century|

* Great Northern War
* Russo-Turkish War (1710–1711)
* Russo-Persian War (1722–1723)
* War of the Polish Succession (1733–1738)
* Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–1739)
* War of the Austrian Succession (1740–1748)
* Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743)
* Seven Years' War
* Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)
* Bar Confederation
* Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)
* Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)
* Russo-Polish War (1792)
* Russian colonization of North America
* Kościuszko Uprising
* Russo-Persian War (1796)
* War of the Second Coalition
* War of the Third Coalition
* Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)
* War of the Fourth Coalition
* Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)
* Anglo-Russian War
* Finnish War
* War of the Fifth Coalition
* French invasion of Russia
* War of the Sixth Coalition
* War of the Seventh Coalition
* Russian conquest of the Caucasus
* Caucasian War
* Russo-Circassian War
* Murid War
* Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)
* Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)
* November Uprising
* Hungarian Revolution of 1848
* Crimean War
* Åland War
* Amur Annexation
* January Uprising
* Russian conquest of Central Asia
* Russian conquest of Bukhara
* Khivan campaign of 1873
* Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
* Boxer Rebellion
* Russian invasion of Manchuria

20th
century|

* Russo-Japanese War
* Russian occupation of Tabriz
* World War I
* Russian Civil War
* Ukrainian–Soviet War
* 1919 Soviet invasion of Ukraine
* Kazakhstan Campaign
* Finnish Civil War
* Sochi conflict
* Heimosodat
* Soviet westward offensive of 1918–1919
* Estonian War of Independence
* Latvian War of Independence
* Lithuanian–Soviet War
* Georgian–Ossetian conflict (1918–1920)
* Polish–Soviet War
* Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan
* Red Army invasion of Armenia
* Red Army invasion of Georgia
* Red Army intervention in Mongolia
* East Karelian uprising
* Central Asian Revolt
* August Uprising
* Urtatagai conflict (1925–1926)
* Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)
* Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1929)
* Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1930)
* Chechen uprising of 1932 [ru]
* Soviet–Japanese border conflicts
* Soviet invasion of Xinjiang
* Xinjiang War (1937)
* World War II
* Soviet invasion of Poland
* Winter War
* Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)
* Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940
* Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
* Continuation War
* Eastern Front (World War II)
* Soviet re-occupation of the Baltic states (1944)
* Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944
* Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
* Soviet–Japanese War
* Guerrilla war in the Baltic states
* Guerilla war in Ukraine
* Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953)
* Ili Rebellion
* First Indochina War
* Korean War
* East German uprising of 1953
* Hungarian Revolution of 1956
* Vietnam War
* Vlora incident
* Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
* Sino-Soviet border conflict
* War of Attrition
* Eritrean War of Independence
* Angolan Civil War
* Ogaden War
* South African Border War
* Soviet–Afghan War
* Gulf War
* Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts
* First Nagorno-Karabakh War
* War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)
* South Ossetia war (1991–1992)
* Transnistria War
* Georgian Civil War
* Tajikistani Civil War
* First Chechen War
* War of Dagestan

21st
century|

* Second Chechen War
* Russo-Georgian War
* Russo-Ukrainian War
* Outline
* Annexation of Crimea
* War in Donbas
* 2022 invasion
* Intervention in Syria
* Western Libya campaign
* Deployment in Nagorno-Karabakh (2020)
* Deployment in Kazakhstan (2022)

* Russian Winter
* Russian Revolution
* Cold War
* Sphere of influence

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