Rustin (film)

2023 film by George C. Wolfe

For the 2001 American comedy-drama film, see Rick Johnson (quarterback).

Rustin

Theatrical release poster

Directed by| George C. Wolfe
Screenplay by|

* Julian Breece
* Dustin Lance Black

Story by| Julian Breece
Produced by|

* Bruce Cohen
* Tonia Davis
* George C. Wolfe

Starring|

* Colman Domingo
* Chris Rock
* Jeffrey Wright
* Audra McDonald

Cinematography| Tobias A. Schliessler
Edited by| Andrew Mondshein
Music by| Branford Marsalis

Production
companies

* Higher Ground
* Bold Choices

Distributed by| Netflix

Release dates

* August 31, 2023 (2023-08-31) (Telluride)
* November 3, 2023 (2023-11-03) (United States)

Running time

| 106 minutes[1]
Country| United States
Language| English

Rustin is a 2023 American biographical drama film directed by George C. Wolfe, from a screenplay by Julian Breece and Dustin Lance Black, and a story by Breece about the life of civil rights activist Bayard Rustin.[2] Produced by Barack and Michelle Obama's production company Higher Ground, the film stars Colman Domingo in the title role, alongside Chris Rock, Glynn Turman, Aml Ameen, Gus Halper, CCH Pounder, Da'Vine Joy Randolph, Johnny Ramey, Michael Potts, Jeffrey Wright, and Audra McDonald. It is based on the true story of Rustin, who helped Martin Luther King Jr. and others organize the 1963 March on Washington.

Rustin premiered at the Telluride Film Festival on August 31, 2023, and was screened at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 13, 2023. The film received a limited theatrical release on November 3, 2023, before being released on Netflix on November 17. The film received generally positive reviews, with Domingo's performance garnering numerous accolades including nominations for the Academy Award, BAFTA Award, Golden Globe Award, and SAG Award for Best Actor.

## Plot

[edit]

In 1960, as the civil rights movement fights for racial equality across the United States, activist Bayard Rustin urges Martin Luther King Jr. to lead a protest ahead of the Democratic National Convention. New York Congressman Adam Clayton Powell Jr. and NAACP leader Roy Wilkins, critical of King's rising popularity and Rustin's influence, threaten to accuse King of a homosexual relationship with the openly gay Rustin, leading to Rustin's resignation from the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.

Three years later, Rustin remains alienated from King and much of the movement, but his commitment to nonviolent action is embraced by many younger activists, including Tom Kahn, his assistant and lover. Planning a large-scale march on Washington, D.C., Rustin enlists the help of A. Philip Randolph, the respected architect of demonstrations that led to such victories as ending racial segregation in the armed forces. Despite support from NAACP organizer Medgar Evers, Wilkins rejects Randolph and Rustin's plan, and Rustin begins an affair with Elias Taylor, a married organizer and pastor.

Violence against demonstrators in Birmingham receives national attention and spurs Rustin to leave his work at the War Resisters League, while Evers is assassinated hours after President John F. Kennedy calls for civil rights legislation. Rustin visits King — remembering being assaulted by police himself in 1942 for refusing to move to the back of a bus — and convinces him to lend his support to the march. Wilkins continues to object to Rustin's participation due to his reputation, but Randolph appoints Rustin as his deputy director, fully in charge of organizing the March on Washington.

Gathering a team of volunteers and dedicated activists, including Cleve Robinson and Dr. Anna Hedgeman, at a makeshift office in Harlem, Rustin visits the National Mall but is prevented from meeting with D.C. officials. He warns King that they have made powerful political enemies, and is forced to accept Wilkins' and others' demands that reduce the march to a single day. Rustin and his organizers continue to raise funds and public support, but his affair with Taylor strains his relationship with Kahn.

Senator Strom Thurmond publicly denounces Rustin as a communist, and Powell attempts to embarrass him into stepping down, but Rustin's remarkable efforts to organize a 100,000-person march in seven weeks speak for themselves. After Rustin receives a strongly-worded call from Taylor's pregnant wife, Taylor ends their affair. Thurmond publicizes Rustin's arrest for homosexual activity in Pasadena ten years earlier, but Randolph and King come to his defense.

On August 28, 1963, the March on Washington draws over 200,000 people, gathering in front of the Lincoln Memorial. The massive demonstration culminates in King's "I Have a Dream" speech, and though Wilkins invites Rustin to join the march's leaders at the White House, he remains behind with his volunteers. An epilogue explains that the march was the nation's largest peaceful protest at that time; the Civil Rights Act was enacted nine months later; and Rustin would later meet his lifelong partner, and receive the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

## Cast

[edit]

* Colman Domingo as Bayard Rustin
* Aml Ameen as Martin Luther King Jr.
* Glynn Turman as A. Philip Randolph ("Chief")
* Chris Rock as Roy Wilkins
* Gus Halper as Tom Kahn
* Johnny Ramey as Elias Taylor
* CCH Pounder as Dr. Anna Hedgeman
* Michael Potts as Cleve Robinson
* Audra McDonald as Ella Baker
* Jeffrey Wright as Adam Clayton Powell Jr.
* Lilli Kay as Rachelle
* Jordan-Amanda Hall as Charlene
* Jakeem Powell as Norm Hill
* Ayana Workman as Eleanor Holmes
* Grantham Coleman as Blyden
* Jamilah Rosemond as Dorie Ladner
* Jules Latimer as Joyce Ladner
* Maxwell Whittington-Cooper as John Lewis
* Frank Harts as Jim Farmer
* Kevin Mambo as Whitney Young
* Carra Patterson as Coretta Scott King
* Da'Vine Joy Randolph as Mahalia Jackson
* Adrienne Warren as Claudia Taylor
* Bill Irwin as A. J. Muste
* Jamar Williams as Tyrone
* Hope Clarke as Lucille Randolph
* Rashad Demond Edwards as Medgar Evers
* Cotter Smith as Chief Wells
* Drayton Walker as Little Stevie Wonder
* Robert M. Pflegardt as Joachim Prinz
* Christopher Anglim as Eugene Carson Blake
* Devin Doolan as Walter Reuther
* Marlon Bradley Ray as Floyd McKissick

## Production

[edit]

In February 2021, it was reported that George C. Wolfe would direct a film based on the life of Bayard Rustin from a script by Julian Breece and Dustin Lance Black.[3] In October 2021, Colman Domingo was cast as Rustin. Chris Rock, Glynn Turman, and Audra McDonald also joined the cast.[4] Later that month, Aml Ameen, CCH Pounder, Michael Potts, Bill Irwin, Da'Vine Joy Randolph, Gus Halper, Johnny Ramey, Carra Patterson, and Adrienne Warren joined the cast.[5] Production began in November 2021 in Pittsburgh.[6][7] In December 2021, Jeffrey Wright, Grantham Coleman, Lilli Kay, Jordan-Amanda Hall, Jakeem Dante Powell, Ayana Workman, Jamilah Nadege Rosemond, Jules Latimer, Maxwell Whittington-Cooper, Frank Harts and Kevin Mambo joined the cast.[8] Principal photography ended in Washington, D.C. in August, 2022. [9]

Lenny Kravitz wrote and performed an original song, "Road to Freedom," for the film. On approaching Kravitz for writing a song for the film, Wolfe said, "The one note I gave him was the song needed to help deliver us as an audience, from feeling to action. And trombones. I begged for trombones." Wolfe became fascinated with trombones after filming Ma Rainey's Black Bottom (2020), and Trombone Shorty was brought on board to contribute to the song.[10]

## Music

[edit]

Main article: Rustin (soundtrack)

## Release

[edit]

Rustin premiered at the Telluride Film Festival on August 31, 2023.[11] It also screened at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 13, 2023.[12][13] Michelle and Barack Obama introduced the film at the opening night of the HBCU First Look Film Festival at the National Museum of African American History and Culture.[14][15] The film was released in select theaters on November 3, 2023 and premiered worldwide on Netflix on November 17.[16][17]

## Reception

[edit]

### Critical response

[edit]

Colman Domingo garnered critical acclaim for his performance and earned an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor.

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 83% of 169 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 7/10. The website's consensus reads: "Colman Domingo is sensational in Rustin, a stirring biopic that shines an overdue light on a remarkable legacy of public service."[18] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 68 out of 100, based on 39 critics, indicating "generally favorable" reviews.[19]

Domingo garnered much critical acclaim for his performance in the title role.[20] John Anderson of The Wall Street Journal commended Domingo as a "force of nature in this film, delivering a complex, highly sympathetic portrayal" that "determines what the movie actually is, while preventing it from going awry."[21] Maureen Lee Lenker elaborated, in her review for Entertainment Weekly, that "Domingo infuses Rustin with a warmth and vibrancy that creates a performance of immense empathy" and followed this by stating "his portrait of a man fighting for both his race and his sexuality feels incredibly personal and helps hammer home Rustin's commitment to true 'justice for all.'"[22] The Guardian's Benjamin Lee appreciated the film's intersectional coverage of Rustin's struggles and concluded that Domingo "nails the charming persuasiveness that would explain how Rustin achieved so much in such a short amount of time and as he slowly starts to experience a level of acceptance for his whole self, rather than handpicked parts, there’s a genuine poignancy to watching him crumble in front of us, a weight we can feel being lifted away.[23]

Other critics were more lukewarm towards the film, in particular for its screenplay and direction. Bilge Ebiri from Vulture observed that the script was laden with "ham-handed stage-setting with lines" that equated to "classroom-exercise level writing", leading to a film that was "filled with all the clichés of the genre." He also elaborates that the film's "predictable plot points" and the "pro forma" nature of Rustin's "personal affairs" in conjunction with Wolfe's "methodical direction" led to "visual inertia".[24] RogerEbert.com's Robert Daniels similarly agreed that the film suffocated Domingo and suppressed his potential, noting that he "ultimately clings to these emotional crescendos, gripping for dear life to a film that rarely, if ever, rises to his level."[25] In his review, Michael O'Sullivan of The Washington Post found the film's "perfunctory plot" to be "as montage-y and as superficial as the film’s opening reenactments" and criticized the lack of character development across the supporting cast, noting "none of them stands out as a three-dimensional character".[26]

Specific criticism was further directed towards the film's approach of Rustin's sexuality as a narrative. Dustin Guastela of Jacobin criticized the film for caricaturing Rustin's political views: "Rustin claims the civil rights hero has been forgotten because of his sexuality. But it was his fiery and provocative class politics that makes him both controversial and prophetic today." He argues that the film's lack of development in the relationship between Rustin and Tom Kahn "weaponized" Rustin's sexuality as a means to obscure that Rustin's "historical neglect" was also due, in part, to his political views, which were "no less a reason for his official erasure from canonical civil rights history."[27] In his review for IndieWire, David Ehrlich also lamented the film's handling of Rustin's sexuality and stated that "Rustin is diminished by the forced momentum of its plotting, by how inelegantly the script incorporates the social dynamics of Rustin’s homosexuality (the love triangle that develops between Rustin, fellow activist Tom Kahn, and a composite character played by Johnny Ramey stops the movie dead in its tracks every time it comes up)."[28]

### Accolades

[edit]

Award  | Date of ceremony  | Category  | Recipient(s)  | Result  | Ref.

|
|
|
|
|

The Queerties | February 28, 2023  | Next Big Thing  | Rustin | Nominated  | [29]
Hamptons International Film Festival | October 12, 2023  | The Sherzum Award  | Won  | [30]
Heartland International Film Festival | October 15, 2023  | Audience Choice Award – Narrative Special Presentation  | Won  | [31]
Mill Valley Film Festival | October 16, 2023  | Directing  | George C. Wolfe | Won  | [32]
Audience Award – U.S. Cinema  | Rustin | Won
Chicago International Film Festival | October 22, 2023  | Gold Q-Hugo  | Nominated  | [33]
Philadelphia Film Festival | October 29, 2023  | Audience Award – Narrative Feature  | Won  | [34]
Hollywood Music in Media Awards | November 15, 2023 | Original Score — Feature Film | Branford Marsalis | Nominated  | [35]
[36]
Original Song — Feature Film | Lenny Kravitz ("Road to Freedom")  | Nominated
Gotham Independent Film Awards | November 27, 2023 | Icon & Creator Tribute for Social Justice  | Rustin | Won  | [37]
Celebration of Cinema & Television | December 4, 2023  | Actor Award (Film)  | Colman Domingo | Won  | [38]
Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Awards | December 10, 2023 | Best Actor | Nominated  | [39]
Las Vegas Film Critics Society | December 13, 2023  | Best Actor  | Nominated  | [40]
Best Song  | "Road to Freedom"  | Nominated
Indiana Film Journalists Association | December 17, 2023  | Best Lead Performance  | Colman Domingo | Nominated  | [41]
[42]
Women Film Critics Circle Awards | December 18, 2023  | Best Actor  | Nominated  | [43]
Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association | December 18, 2023 | Best Actor | 5th place[a] | [44]
San Diego Film Critics Society | December 19, 2023 | Best Actor | Nominated  | [45]
Capri Hollywood International Film Festival | January 2, 2024  | Best Actor  | Won  | [46]
[47]
Palm Springs International Film Festival | January 4, 2024 | Spotlight Award - Actor  | Won  | [48]
Georgia Film Critics Association Awards | January 5, 2024  | Best Actor  | Nominated  | [49]
[50]
Astra Film and Creative Arts Awards | January 6, 2024 | Best Actor  | Nominated  | [51]
Golden Globe Awards | January 7, 2024 | Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama | Nominated  | [52]
Best Original Song | Lenny Kravitz ("Road to Freedom")  | Nominated
Denver Film Critics Society | January 12, 2024  | Best Original Song  | Nominated  | [53]
Critics' Choice Movie Awards | January 14, 2024 | Best Actor | Colman Domingo  | Nominated  | [54]
Best Song | Lenny Kravitz ("Road to Freedom")  | Nominated
African-American Film Critics Association Awards | January 15, 2024  | Best Actor  | Colman Domingo  | Won  | [55]
Black Reel Awards | January 16, 2024 | Outstanding Film | Bruce Cohen, Tonia Davis & George C. Wolfe | Nominated  | [56]
Outstanding Lead Performance  | Colman Domingo  | Nominated
Outstanding Screenplay | Julian Breece & Dustin Lance Black | Nominated
Outstanding Ensemble | Cherelle Cargill & Avy Kaufman  | Nominated
Outstanding Score | Brandford Marsalias  | Nominated
Outstanding Soundtrack | Rustin | Nominated
Outstanding Original Song | Lenny Kravitz ("Road to Freedom")  | Nominated
Outstanding Costume Design | Toni-Leslie James  | Nominated
Outstanding Production Design | Mark Ricker  | Nominated
Outstanding Hairstyle and Make-up  | Melissa Forney & Beverly Jo Pryor  | Nominated
AARP Movies for Grownups Awards | January 17, 2024 | Best Actor | Colman Domingo  | Won  | [57]
Best Ensemble | The cast of Rustin | Nominated
Best Time Capsule | Rustin | Nominated
Iowa Film Critics Association | January 17, 2024  | Best Original Song  | Lenny Kravitz ("Road to Freedom")  | Runner-up  | [58]
Society of Composers & Lyricists | February 13, 2024  | Outstanding Original Song for a Dramatic or Documentary Visual Media Production  | Lenny Kravitz ("Road to Freedom")  | Nominated  | [59]
BAFTA Film Awards | February 18, 2024 | Best Actor in a Leading Role | Colman Domingo  | Nominated  | [60]
Satellite Awards | February 18, 2024 | Best Actor in a Motion Picture, Drama | Nominated  | [61]
Best Original Song | Lenny Kravitz ("Road to Freedom")  | Nominated
Screen Actors Guild Awards | February 24, 2024 | Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role | Colman Domingo  | Nominated  | [62]
Artios Awards | March 7, 2024 | Outstanding Achievement in Casting – Feature Studio or Independent (Drama)  | Avy Kaufman, Donna Belajac, Missy Finnell, Scotty Anderson  | Nominated  | [63]
Academy Awards | March 10, 2024 | Best Actor in a Leading Role | Colman Domingo  | Nominated  | [64]
GLAAD Media Awards | March 11 - May 14, 2024 | Outstanding Film – Streaming or TV  | Rustin | Won  | [65]
[66]
NAACP Image Awards | March 16, 2024 | Outstanding Motion Picture | Nominated  | [67]
Outstanding Directing in a Motion Picture | George C. Wolfe  | Nominated
Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture | Colman Domingo  | Won
Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture | Glynn Turman  | Nominated
Outstanding Ensemble Cast in a Motion Picture  | Rustin | Nominated
Outstanding Costume Design  | Toni–Leslie James, Josh Quinn  | Nominated
Outstanding Make-up  | Beverly Jo Pryor, Eric Pagdin, Quintessence Patterson  | Nominated
Outstanding Original Score for TV/Film  | Branford Marsalis  | Nominated
World Soundtrack Awards | October 17, 2024  | Best Original Song | Lenny Kravitz ("Road to Freedom")  | Nominated  | [68]

## See also

[edit]

* Civil rights movement in popular culture

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Tied with Leonardo DiCaprio for Killers of the Flower Moon.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Rustin (15)". British Board of Film Classification. August 13, 2023. Retrieved August 15, 2023.
2. ^ Galuppo, Mia (February 11, 2021). "George C. Wolfe to Direct Bayard Rustin Movie for Obama's Higher Ground, Netflix". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on January 18, 2023. Retrieved February 11, 2021.
3. ^ Grobar, Matt (January 18, 2023). "Netflix 2023 Film Slate Unveiled: 'Luther: The Fallen Sun', 'The Mother', 'Extraction 2', 'Heart Of Stone,' 'The Killer', 'Rebel Moon' & Others Get Premiere Dates". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on February 25, 2023. Retrieved January 27, 2023.
4. ^ Kit, Borys (October 5, 2021). "Colman Domingo to Star in Bayard Rustin Biopic, the First Narrative Feature From Obamas' Higher Ground (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on October 5, 2021. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
5. ^ Grobar, Matt (October 18, 2021). "'Rustin': Aml Ameen, CCH Pounder, Michael Potts, Bill Irwin, Da'Vine Joy Randolph & More Board Biopic From Netflix & Obama's Higher Ground". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on October 18, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2021.
6. ^ "Everything we know so far about 'Rustin' and its Pittsburgh production". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Archived from the original on November 13, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
7. ^ "Netflix movie filming in Downtown Pittsburgh, road closures announced". WTAE-TV. November 5, 2021. Archived from the original on November 13, 2021. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
8. ^ Kroll, Justin (December 16, 2021). "Jeffrey Wright And Grantham Coleman Among Those Rounding Cast For 'Rustin'". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on December 16, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2021.
9. ^ Cremen, Alanea (August 8, 2022). "Here's Why You Might See Chris Rock in DC". WUSA9. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
10. ^ Tangcay, Jazz (August 17, 2023). "Lenny Kravitz Writes and Records New Song 'Road to Freedom' for George C. Wolfe's Film 'Rustin' (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved September 5, 2023.
11. ^ Davis, Clayton (August 30, 2023). "Telluride Lineup Includes World Premieres of 'Saltburn,' 'The Bikeriders' and 'Rustin' With Tributes for Yorgos Lanthimos and Wim Wenders". Variety. Retrieved September 1, 2023.
12. ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (July 24, 2023). "TIFF Lineup Unveiled Amid Strikes: Awards Contenders Dumb Money, The Holdovers, Rustin; Starry Pics For Sale With Scarlett Johansson, Kate Winslet, Michael Keaton, Viggo Mortensen & More". Retrieved July 24, 2023.
13. ^ "Rustin". TIFF. Retrieved August 18, 2023.
14. ^ Penrice, Ronda Racha (November 11, 2023). "Former President Obama Celebrates the End of Hollywood's Historic Strikes During Surprise Appearance at 'Rustin' Screening". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved November 18, 2023.
15. ^ Kassahun, Thomas (November 11, 2023). "The Community for Black Creativity and News - Blavity News". Blavity News & Politics. Retrieved November 18, 2023.
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17. ^ Murphy, Chris (July 18, 2023). "'Rustin' First Look: Colman Domingo Is Bayard Rustin, the Man Who Turned MLK's Dream Into a Reality". Vanity Fair. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
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19. ^ "Rustin". Metacritic. Fandom, Inc. Retrieved November 19, 2023.
20. ^ Davis, Clayton (August 31, 2023). "Colman Domingo Becomes an Instant Best Actor Oscar Contender With Netflix's Civil Rights Drama 'Rustin'". Variety. Archived from the original on January 22, 2024. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
21. ^ Anderson, John (November 16, 2023). "'Rustin' Review: Portrait of a Civil-Rights Hero". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on February 1, 2024. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
22. ^ Lenker, Maureen Lee (September 4, 2023). "Rustin review: Colman Domingo is mesmerizing in otherwise formulaic biopic". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on January 30, 2024. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
23. ^ Lee, Benjamin (September 12, 2023). "Rustin review – Colman Domingo shines in by-the-numbers civil rights biopic". The Guardian. Archived from the original on January 9, 2024. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
24. ^ Ebiri, Bilge (November 17, 2023). "Rustin Is a Solid History Lesson But Not a Particularly Good Movie". Vulture. Archived from the original on January 8, 2024. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
25. ^ Daniels, Robert (September 14, 2023). "TIFF 2023: Rustin, Sing Sing". RogerEbert.com. Archived from the original on December 8, 2023. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
26. ^ O'Sullivan, Michael (November 1, 2023). "'Rustin': Bland biopic about a man, a march and a movement". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 3, 2023. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
27. ^ Guastela, Dustin (December 1, 2023). "Rustin the Liberal Biopic Versus Rustin the Labor Activist". Jacobin. Archived from the original on December 9, 2023. Retrieved December 2, 2023.
28. ^ Ehrlich, David (September 3, 2023). "'Rustin' Review: Colman Domingo Shines in Staid but Excitingly Stage-like Biopic About Unsung Civil Rights Hero". IndieWire. Archived from the original on January 6, 2024. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
29. ^ Kreidler, Marc. "Vote for the 2023 Queerties Winners". Queerty. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
30. ^ "HIFF31: Awards". Hamptons International Film Festival. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
31. ^ "32nd Heartland International Film Festival Announces Winners & Presents $60,000 in cash prizes". heartlandfilm.prowly.com. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
32. ^ Anderson, Erik (October 17, 2023). "American Fiction, Rustin, The Taste of Things, Radical Win 46th Mill Valley Film Festival Audience Awards". AwardsWatch. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
33. ^ "Rustin". Cinema Chicago. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
34. ^ Bogg, Smalley (November 1, 2023). "Winners of the Philadelphia Film Festival Awards". phindie. Retrieved November 19, 2023.
35. ^ Grein, Paul (November 2, 2023). "Songs From Barbie Pace 2023 Hollywood Music in Media Awards Nominations (Full List)". Billboard. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
36. ^ "2023 HMMA WINNERS AND NOMINEES". Hollywood Music In Media Awards. Retrieved November 16, 2023.
37. ^ Pedersen, Erik (September 14, 2023). "Gothams Get Awards Season Rolling: Rustin Set As Its First Honoree". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
38. ^ "The Critics Choice Association Announces Honorees for the Celebration of Cinema & Television: Honoring Black, Latino and AAPI Achievements – Critics Choice Awards". November 13, 2023. Retrieved November 14, 2023.
39. ^ Neglia, Matt (December 9, 2023). "The 2023 Washington DC Area Film Critics Association (WAFCA) Nominations". Next Best Picture. Retrieved December 9, 2023.
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41. ^ Rogers, Nick (December 12, 2023). "Nominations Announced for the 2023 Indiana Film Journalists Association Awards". Midwest Film Journal. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
42. ^ Neglia, Matt (December 17, 2023). "The 2023 Indiana Film Journalists Association (IFJA) Winners". Next Best Picture. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
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44. ^ Jorgenson, Todd (December 18, 2023). "DFW Film Critics Name The Holdovers Best Picture of 2023". Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
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56. ^ Complex, Valerie (December 15, 2023). "Black Reel Awards Nominations: The Color Purple And Rustin Dominate". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved December 16, 2023.
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67. ^ "2024 Oscar Nominations: See the Full List". Oscars.org. January 17, 2024. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
68. ^ "Discover the first nominees for the 2024 World Soundtrack Awards!". World Soundtrack Awards. August 7, 2024. Retrieved August 7, 2024.

## External links

[edit]

* Rustin on Netflix
* Rustin at IMDb

* v
* t
* e

Films directed by George C. Wolfe

* Lackawanna Blues (2005)
* Nights in Rodanthe (2008)
* You're Not You (2014)
* The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks (2017)
* Ma Rainey's Black Bottom (2020)
* Rustin (2023)

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Works by Dustin Lance Black

Films written and directed|

* The Journey of Jared Price (2000)
* Virginia (2010)

Films written|

* Pedro (2008)
* Milk (2008)
* J. Edgar (2011)
* Rustin (2023)

TV series created|

* When We Rise (2017)
* Under the Banner of Heaven (2022)

Plays|

* 8 (2011)

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Martin Luther King Jr.

Speeches, writings, movements, and protests

| Speeches|

* "Give Us the Ballot" (1957)
* "I Have a Dream" (1963)
* "How Long, Not Long" (1965)
* "Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence" (1967)
* "I've Been to the Mountaintop" (1968)

|

Writings|

* Stride Toward Freedom (1958)
* "What Is Man?" (1959)
* "Second Emancipation Proclamation"
* Strength to Love (1963)
* "Letter from Birmingham Jail" (1963)
* Why We Can't Wait (1964)
* Conscience for Change (1967)
* Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community? (1967)

Movements
and protests|

* Montgomery bus boycott (1955–1956)
* Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom (1957)
* Albany Movement (1961–1962)
* Birmingham campaign (1963)
* March on Washington (1963)
* St. Augustine movement (1963–1964)
* Selma to Montgomery marches (1965)
* Chicago Freedom Movement (1966)
* Mississippi March Against Fear (1966)
* Anti-Vietnam War movement (1967)
* Memphis sanitation strike (1968)
* Poor People's Campaign (1968)

Organizations|

* Montgomery Improvement Association
* Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

People

| Family|

* Coretta Scott King (wife)
* Yolanda King (daughter)
* Martin Luther King III (son)
* Dexter King (son)
* Bernice King (daughter)
* Martin Luther King Sr. (father)
* Alberta Williams King (mother)
* Christine King Farris (sister)
* A. D. King (brother)
* James Albert King (grandfather)
* Alveda King (niece)

|

Other
leaders|

* Ralph Abernathy (mentor, colleague)
* Ella Baker (colleague)
* James Bevel (strategist / colleague)
* Dorothy Cotton (colleague)
* Jesse Jackson (protégé)
* Bernard Lafayette (colleague)
* James Lawson (colleague)
* John Lewis (colleague)
* Joseph Lowery (colleague)
* Benjamin Mays (mentor)
* Diane Nash (colleague)
* James Orange (colleague)
* Bayard Rustin (advisor)
* Fred Shuttlesworth (colleague)
* C. T. Vivian (colleague)
* Wyatt Walker (colleague)
* Hosea Williams (colleague)
* Andrew Young (colleague)

Assassination

* Lorraine Motel (now National Civil Rights Museum)
* Riots
* Funeral
* James Earl Ray
* Jack Kershaw
* U.S. House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA)
* Martin Luther King Jr. Records Collection Act
* Loyd Jowers
* Trial
* Conspiracy theories
* Executive Order 14176

Media

| Film|

* King: A Filmed Record... Montgomery to Memphis (1970 documentary)
* Our Friend, Martin (1999 animated)
* Boycott (2001 film)
* The Witness: From the Balcony of Room 306 (2008 documentary)
* Selma (2014 film)
* All the Way (2016 film)
* King in the Wilderness (2018 documentary)
* MLK/FBI (2020 documentary)
* Rustin (2023 film)

|

Television|

* King (1978 miniseries)
* "The First Store" (The Jeffersons, 1980)
* "Great X-Pectations" (A Different World, 1993)
* "The Promised Land" (New York Undercover, 1997)
* Selma, Lord, Selma (1999)
* "Return of the King" (The Boondocks, 2006)
* Alpha Man: The Brotherhood of MLK (2011 documentary)
* Genius (MLK/X, 2024)

Plays|

* The Meeting (1987)
* The Mountaintop (2009)
* I Dream (2010)
* All the Way (2012)

Books|

* Stride Toward Freedom (1958)
* Bearing the Cross (1986)
* King: A Life (2023)

Illustrated|

* Martin Luther King and the Montgomery Story (1957 comic book)

Music|

* "Abraham, Martin and John" (Dion)
* "March! For Martin Luther King" (John Fahey)
* "Martin Luther King's Dream" (Strawbs)
* "Happy Birthday" (Stevie Wonder)
* "Pride (In the Name of Love)" (U2)
* "MLK" (U2)
* "King Holiday" (King Dream Chorus and Holiday Crew)
* "By the Time I Get to Arizona" (Public Enemy)
* "Shed a Little Light" (James Taylor)
* "Up to the Mountain" (Patti Griffin)
* "Never Alone Martin" (Jason Upton)
* "Symphony of Brotherhood" (Miri Ben-Ari)
* Joseph Schwantner: New Morning for the World; Nicolas Flagello: The Passion of Martin Luther King (1995 album)
* "A Dream" (Common featuring will.i.am)
* "Glory" (Common and John Legend)

Related|

* Civil rights movement in popular culture
* Estate of Martin Luther King, Jr., Inc. v. CBS, Inc.
* King v. Trustees of Boston Univ.

Related topics

| Memorials and
eponymous locations|

* Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial
* National Historical Park
* King Center for Nonviolent Social Change
* Dexter Avenue Baptist Church
* National Civil Rights Museum
* U.S. Capitol Rotunda sculpture
* Oval Office bust
* Homage to King sculpture, Atlanta
* Hope Moving Forward statue, Atlanta
* Safe House Black History Museum
* Statues of Martin Luther King Jr.
* Atlanta
* Boston
* Denver
* Houston
* Jersey City
* Milwaukee
* Mexico City
* Newark
* Pueblo, Colorado
* Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial, San Francisco
* Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial (Compton)
* Landmark for Peace Memorial, Indianapolis
* The Dream sculpture, Portland, Oregon
* Kennedy–King College
* Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library, Washington, D.C.
* Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Library, San Jose
* Paris park
* Memorials to Martin Luther King Jr.
* King County, Washington
* Eponymous streets

|

Other topics|

* Martin Luther King Jr. Day
* passage
* Big Six
* African American founding fathers of the United States
* Authorship issues
* FBI–King suicide letter
* Martin Luther King Jr., A Current Analysis
* Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity
* Season for Nonviolence
* America in the King Years
* Civil rights movement in popular culture
* Lee–Jackson–King Day

* v
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Coretta Scott King

April 27, 1927 – January 30, 2006

Life|

* Childhood and education
* Civil rights movement
* 1967 San Francisco anti-war march
* King Center for Nonviolent Social Change
* 2004 Gandhi Peace Prize
* Death and funeral

Other|

* Martin Luther King Jr. Day
* King v. Trustees of Boston Univ.

Reaction|

* Recognition and tributes

Namesakes|

* Coretta Scott King Award
* Coretta Scott King Young Women's Leadership Academy

Family|

* Martin Luther King Jr. (husband)
* Yolanda King (daughter)
* Martin Luther King III (son)
* Dexter King (son)
* Bernice King (daughter)
* Edythe Scott Bagley (sister)

Depictions|

* King (1978 miniseries)
* Our Friend, Martin (1999 animated)
* Betty & Coretta (2013 film)
* Selma (2014 film)
* The Embrace (2023 statue)
* Rustin (2023 film)

* Commons
* Wikiquote

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