Rutherford (unit)

Obsolete unit of radioactivity

rutherford

Unit of| Activity
Symbol| Rd
Named after| Lord Ernest Rutherford
Conversions
1 Rd in ...| ... is equal to ...
curie|    2.703×10−5 Ci
SI derived units|    1 MBq
SI base units|    106 s−1

Relation between some ionising radiation units [1]

The rutherford (symbol Rd) is a non-SI unit of radioactive decay. It is defined as the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which one million nuclei decay per second. It is therefore equivalent to one megabecquerel, and one becquerel equals one microrutherford. One rutherford is equivalent to 2.702×10−5 curie, or 37000 rutherfords for one curie.

The unit was introduced in 1946.[2] It was named after British/New Zealand physicist and Nobel laureate Lord Ernest Rutherford (Nobel Prize in 1908),[3] who was an early leader in the study of atomic nucleus disintegrations. After the becquerel was introduced in 1975[4] as the SI unit for activity, the rutherford became obsolete, and it is no longer commonly used.

## Radiation related quantities

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The following table shows radiation quantities in SI and non-SI units:

Ionizing radiation related quantities

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Quantity  | Unit  | Symbol  | Derivation  | Year  | SI equivalent

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Activity (A)  | becquerel | Bq  | s−1 | 1974  | SI unit
curie | Ci  | 3.7×1010 s−1 | 1953  | 3.7×1010 Bq
rutherford | Rd  | 106 s−1 | 1946  | 1000000 Bq
Exposure (X)  | coulomb per kilogram | C/kg  | C⋅kg−1 of air  | 1974  | SI unit
röntgen | R  | esu / 0.001293 g of air  | 1928  | 2.58×10−4 C/kg
Absorbed dose (D)  | gray | Gy  | J⋅kg−1 | 1974  | SI unit
erg per gram  | erg/g  | erg⋅g−1 | 1950  | 1.0×10−4 Gy
rad | rad  | 100 erg⋅g−1 | 1953  | 0.010 Gy
Equivalent dose (H)  | sievert | Sv  | J⋅kg−1 × WR | 1977  | SI unit
röntgen equivalent man | rem  | 100 erg⋅g−1 × WR | 1971  | 0.010 Sv
Effective dose (E)  | sievert | Sv  | J⋅kg−1 × WR × WT | 1977  | SI unit
röntgen equivalent man | rem  | 100 erg⋅g−1 × WR × WT | 1971  | 0.010 Sv

## References

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1. ^ http://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/radiation/health-effects/measuring-radiation.html
2. ^ Lind, SC (1946), "New units for the measurement of radioactivity", Science, 103 (2687): 761–762, Bibcode:1946Sci...103..761L, doi:10.1126/science.103.2687.761-a, PMID 17836457, S2CID 5343688.
3. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908".
4. ^ Harder, D (1976), "[The new radiologic units of measurement gray and becquerel (author's translation from the German original)]", Röntgen-Blätter, 29 (1): 49–52, PMID 1251122.

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Units of ionising radiation

Activity (A)|

* becquerel
* curie
* rutherford

Exposure (X)|

* coulomb per kilogram
* röntgen

Absorbed dose (D)|

* gray
* erg per gram
* rad

Equivalent dose (H)|

* sievert
* röntgen equivalent man

Effective dose (E)|

* sievert
* röntgen equivalent man

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