Ryngold

Ryngold, The Grand Duke of Lithuania, postcard 1920.

Ryngold or Ringaudas was a mythological Grand Duke of Lithuania from the Palemonids legends and supposed father of Mindaugas, the first King of Lithuania (1251–1263). In fact there is nothing known about Mindaugas' father from reliable sources. The Livonian Rhymed Chronicle, a contemporary source, just mentions that he was a powerful duke, but does not provide his name.[1]

Ryngold, son of otherwise unknown Algimantas,[1] is first mentioned in the second redaction of the Lithuanian Chronicle written c. 1515 and has no historical basis.[2] In the chronicle Ryngold returned to Navahrudak after a victorious battle with the Mongols on the bank of the Neman River at Mohilna near Minsk.[1] This battle could have some historical basis as Mongols did invade Lithuania, but it happened in late 1230s and early 1240s. However, it is known for a fact that at the time Mindaugas already had supreme power in Lithuania.[3] The legendary account claimed that Ryngold fathered three sons. He left Navharudak to one of his sons, Vaišvilkas.[2] However, it is known from reliable contemporary sources that Vaišvilkas was son of Mindaugas. Therefore the third redaction of the Lithuanian Chronicle, also known as the Bychowiec Chronicle, made Ryngold father of Mindaugas to correct this clear contradiction.[2] This legendary version was popularized by Maciej Stryjkowski and other medieval historians,[2] and it still survives to this day.[4]

## See also[edit]

* Palemonids – legendary dynasty of Ryngold
* House of Mindaugas – historical family tree of Mindaugas
* List of early Lithuanian dukes

## References[edit]

1. ^ a b c Ivinskis, Zenonas (1953–1966). "Ringaudas". Lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Vol. 25\. Boston, Massachusetts: Lietuvių enciklopedijos leidykla. pp. 308–309. LCC 55020366.
2. ^ a b c d Baranauskas, Tomas (July 2001). "Kiek buvo Lietuvos sostinių?". Kernavė (in Lithuanian). 1 (1). ISSN 1648-2735. Retrieved 2007-09-07.
3. ^ Sužiedėlis, Simas, ed. (1970–1978). "Ringaudas". Encyclopedia Lituanica. Vol. IV. Boston, Massachusetts: Juozas Kapočius. pp. 500–501. LCC 74-114275.
4. ^ Rowell, S. C. (1994). Lithuania Ascending: A Pagan Empire Within East-Central Europe, 1295-1345. Cambridge University Press. pp. 50–51. ISBN 978-0-521-45011-9.