SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant

Variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus

This article is about the Beta variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19. Not to be confused with the genus of Betacoronavirus.

SARS-CoV-2 VariantBeta

General details
WHO Designation| Beta
Lineage| B.1.351
First detected| Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa
Date reported| July 2020; 2 years ago (2020-07) or August 2020; 2 years ago (2020-08)
Status| Variant of concern
Cases map

Countries with confirmed cases of Beta variant as of 2 July 2021[1]
Legend:

1,000+ confirmed sequences

250–999 confirmed sequences

100–249 confirmed sequences

10–99 confirmed sequences

2–9 confirmed sequences

1 confirmed sequence

None or no data available

Major variants

* Alpha (B.1.1.7)
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Omicron (B.1.1.529)

* BA.1 (B.1.1.529.1)
* BA.2 (B.1.1.529.2)
* BA.3 (B.1.1.529.3)
* BA.4 (B.1.1.529.4)
* BA.5 (B.1.1.529.5)

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The Beta variant,[1][2] (B.1.351),[a] was[5][6] a variant of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. One of several SARS-CoV-2 variants initially believed to be of particular importance, it was first detected in the Nelson Mandela Bay[7] metropolitan area of the Eastern Cape province of South Africa in October 2020,[8] which was reported by the country's health department on 18 December 2020.[9] Phylogeographic analysis suggests this variant emerged in the Nelson Mandela Bay area in July or August 2020.[10]

The World Health Organization labelled the variant as Beta variant, not to replace the scientific name but as a name for the public to commonly refer to.[11][12] The WHO considers it to be a variant of concern no longer in circulation.[5]

## Contents

* 1 Names
* 2 Mutations
* 3 Vaccine efficacy
* 3.1 Janssen
* 3.2 Pfizer–BioNTech
* 3.3 Oxford–AstraZeneca
* 3.4 Sinopharm BIBP
* 3.5 Moderna
* 3.6 Sputnik V
* 3.7 CoronaVac
* 3.8 Covaxin
* 3.9 CoviVac
* 3.10 EpiVacCorona
* 3.11 ZF2001
* 3.12 Novavax
* 3.13 ImmunityBio
* 4 Epidemiology
* 5 Statistics
* 6 History
* 7 Extinction
* 8 See also
* 9 Notes
* 10 References
* 11 External links

## Names[edit]

The variant is also known as the South African variant.

## Mutations[edit]

* Amino acid mutations of SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant plotted on a genome map of SARS-CoV-2 with a focus on Spike.[13]

Mutational profile of Beta variant

(change of amino acid only)

Gene | Nucleotide | Amino acid

|
|

ORF1ab | C1059T | T265I
G5230T | K1655N
C8660T | H2799Y
C8964T | S2900L
A10323G | K3353R
G13843T | D4527Y
C14408T1 | P4715L
C17999T | T5912I
Spike | C21614T | L18F
A21801C | D80A
A22206G | D215G
G22299T | R246I
G22813T | K417N
G23012A | E484K
A23063T | N501Y
A23403G1 | D614G
G23664T | A701V
ORF3a | G25563T | Q57H
C25904T | S171L
E | C26456T | P71L
N | C28887T | T205I

Footnote: 1Presented in parent lineage B.1.

Source: Tegally et al. (2020), supplementary Fig S8

There are three mutations of particular interest in the spike region of the lineage B.1.351 genome:[14]

* K417N
* E484K
* N501Y

and a further five spike mutations which have so far generated less concern:[14]

* L18F
* D80A
* D215G
* R246I
* A701V

Away from the spike region, it also carries: K1655N, SGF 3675-3677 deletion, P71L, and T205I.[15]

Scientists noted that the variant is able to attach more easily to human cells because of three mutations in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) in the spike glycoprotein of the virus: N501Y[9][16] (a change from asparagine (N) to tyrosine (Y)[17] in amino-acid position 501), K417N, and E484K.[18][19] Two of these mutations, E484K and N501Y, are within the receptor-binding motif (RBM) of the receptor-binding domain (RBD).[20][21]

The N501Y mutation has also been detected in the United Kingdom.[9][22] Two mutations found in the Beta variant, E484K and K417N, are not found in Alpha variant. Also, Beta does not have the 69-70del mutation found in the other variant.[16][23]

## Vaccine efficacy[edit]

See also: Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine § Effectiveness, Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine § Effectiveness, Janssen COVID-19 vaccine § Efficacy, Moderna COVID-19 vaccine § Effectiveness, Novavax COVID-19 vaccine § Efficacy, Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine § Variants, Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine § Variants, CoronaVac § Variants, Covaxin § Variants, ZF2001 § Efficacy, and Abdala (vaccine) § Efficacy

On 4 January 2021, UK newspaper The Telegraph reported that Oxford immunologist Sir John Bell believed there was "a big question mark" over the new South African variant's potential resistance to COVID-19 vaccines, raising fears that vaccines might not work as effectively on that variant strain.[24] The same day Shabir Madhi, professor of vaccinology at the University of the Witwatersrand, commented to CBS News that "it's not a given" that the new Beta variant (501.V2 variant) would be able to evade the vaccines, but that it should be considered that they "might not have the full efficacy".[25] The additional mutations to the spike protein in Beta were raised as a concerning factor by Simon Clarke, an associate professor in cellular microbiology at the University of Reading, in that they "may make the virus less susceptible to the immune response triggered by the vaccines".[26] Lawrence Young, a virologist at Warwick University, also noted that the variant's multiple spike mutations "could lead to some escape from immune protection".[26]

The E484K amino acid change, a receptor-binding-domain (RBD) mutation, was reported to be "associated with escape from neutralising antibodies" which could adversely affect the efficacy of spike protein-dependent COVID vaccines.[27][28] The E484K spike mutation was linked to a case of reinfection with the Beta variant of SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil, believed by researchers to be the first such case of reinfection involving this mutation.[29] The possibility of an alteration in antigenicity was referred to as an "escape mutation" from a monoclonal antibody with the capability of neutralizing the spike protein variants of SARS-CoV-2.[30][31] This suggests that existing vaccines can and should be updated to counter the new strains without recourse to phased trials.

### Janssen[edit]

In January, Johnson & Johnson, which held trials for its Janssen (Ad26.COV2.S) vaccine in South Africa, reported the level of protection against moderate to severe COVID-19 infection was 72% in the United States, but 64% in South Africa.[32][33]

### Pfizer–BioNTech[edit]

On 17 February 2021, Pfizer announced that neutralisation activity was reduced by two thirds for the Beta variant, whilst refraining from making claims about the efficacy of the vaccine in preventing illness as a result of this variant.[34]

On 16 March 2021, The South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA) approved the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (BNT162b2) for section 21 Emergency Use Authorisation.[35]

Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine

On 1 April 2021, an update on a South African vaccine trial stated that the vaccine was 100% effective so far (i.e., vaccinated participants saw no cases), with six of nine infections in the placebo control group being the Beta variant (lineage B.1.351).[36] However, nine days later, an Israeli study found that the variant was present even in people who had received both shots of the vaccine, its prevalence a disproportionate, eight-fold increase amongst vaccinated individuals in comparison to wild strains.[37]

On 5 May 2021, a letter summarizing results from the Qatar National Study Group for COVID-19 Vaccination showed 75% effectiveness against infection, with zero cases of severe disease.[38]

### Oxford–AstraZeneca[edit]

On 6 February 2021, The Financial Times reported that provisional trial data from a study undertaken by South Africa's University of the Witwatersrand in conjunction with Oxford University demonstrated reduced efficacy of the Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against the Beta variant. The study found that in a sample size of 2,000 the AZD1222 vaccine afforded only "minimal protection" in all but the most severe cases of COVID-19.[39]

On 7 February 2021, the South African government suspended the planned deployment of around 1 million doses of the vaccine whilst they examined the data and awaited advice on how to proceed.[40] The South African government subsequently cancelled the use of the vaccine, selling its supply to other African countries, and switched its vaccination program to use the Janssen COVID-19 vaccine.[41][42]

In July 2021, following increased incidence of Beta in France, the United Kingdom - a major user of the AstraZeneca vaccine - placed additional restrictions on people travelling to the UK from France. However, the incidence in France is in its Indian Ocean territory of La Réunion,[43] as pointed out by French politician and doctor Veronique Trillet-Lenoir.[44]

### Sinopharm BIBP[edit]

Other African countries have begun the roll out the Sinopharm BIBP vaccine, with Morocco, Egypt, The Seychelles and Zimbabwe starting the mass rollout.[45] So far, the vaccine has proven resistant to the Beta variant, as demonstrated in Zimbabwe.[46] On 2 February 2021, a preprint paper announced that neutralisation activity was reduced by 1.6 fold for the Beta variant.[47]

### Moderna[edit]

In February, Moderna reported that the current vaccine (mRNA-1273) produced only one sixth of the antibodies in response to the South African variant compared with the original virus. They have even launched a trial of a new vaccine to tackle the Beta variant.[48]

### Sputnik V[edit]

The South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA) has confirmed that it has received documentation for the vaccine developed by the Gamaleya Institute in Russia.[49]

Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac) is one of three Covid vaccines worldwide with an efficacy higher than 90% in symptomatic cases. It was found to be slightly less effective however it worked better than its rivals.[1] A three fold reduction in VNA was found against the beta variant. [2] [3] A small study of 12 samples published in the nature communications journal showed that the neutralising antibody response was about 6.1 times less against the beta variant.[50]

### CoronaVac[edit]

CoronaVac is yet to be approved for use by the South African Health Products Authority (SAHPRA).[51] So far, Sinovac has offered to supply South Africa with 5 million doses of the vaccine.[52]

### Covaxin[edit]

Covaxin has been found to be effective against the beta variant although with a three fold reduction in neutralization.

### CoviVac[edit]

The CoviVac vaccine Information has not been delivered to the South African government yet.[53]

### EpiVacCorona[edit]

The EpiVacCorona vaccine Information has not been delivered to the South African government yet.[54]

### ZF2001[edit]

The ZF2001 vaccine Information is in the process of being delivered to the South African government.[55]

### Novavax[edit]

A study on the NVX-CoV2373 Novavax vaccine showed 60% efficacy (for HIV-negative participants) in South Africa, compared to 90% efficacy in Britain.[56]

### ImmunityBio[edit]

The BioVac Institute, a state-backed South African vaccine company, plans to use a deal it won to manufacture coronavirus vaccines. The contract with American based ImmunityBio Inc is currently conducting phase 1 vaccine trials with their hAd5 vaccine in the United States and South Africa.[57]

ImmunityBio and BioVac plan to distribute the vaccines throughout South Africa and Africa.[58][59]

## Epidemiology[edit]

Researchers and officials reported that the prevalence of the variant was higher among young people with no underlying health conditions, and more frequently causes serious illness in such cases than other variants.[60][61] The South African health department also indicated that the variant may be driving the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the country, as the variant spreads faster than other earlier variants of the virus.[9][60]

## Statistics[edit]

Cases by country  Country  | Confirmed cases (GISAID)[1]
as of 21 July 2021  | Collection date

|
|

Angola  | 401  | 22 April 2021
Argentina  | 1  | 24 April 2021
Aruba  | 4  | 10 April 2021
Australia  | 73  | 28 June 2021
Austria  | 260  | 8 June 2021
Bahrain  | 1  | 9 April 2021
Bangladesh  | 56  | 16 June 2021
Belgium  | 1,075  | 14 June 2021
Bosnia and Herzegovina  | 1  | 11 February 2021
Botswana  | 342  | 27 June 2021
Brazil  | 6  | 5 April 2021
Brunei  | 1  | 20 January 2021
Bulgaria  | 2  | 9 June 2021
Cambodia  | 1  | 31 May 2021
Cameroon  | 9  | 1 March 2021
Canada  | 860  | 21 June 2021
Chile  | 4  | 22 May 2021
China  | 89  | 4 June 2021
Colombia  | 1  | 13 April 2021
Costa Rica  | 12  | 4 May 2021
Cote d'Ivoire  | 1  | 6 March 2021
Croatia  | 41  |
Czech Republic  | 71  | 10 June 2021
Democratic Republic of the Congo  | 30  | 20 April 2021
Denmark  | 121  | 29 June 2021
Djibouti  | 22  | 9 April 2021
Equatorial Guinea  | 43  | 1 April 2021
Estonia  | 37  | 23 April 2021
Eswatini  | 26  | 23 March 2021
Finland  | 1,123  | 21 May 2021
France  | 2,149  | 23 June 2021
French Guiana  | 2  | 7 April 2021
Gabon  | 4  | 21 February 2021
Georgia  | 1  | 23 May 2021
Germany  | 2,231  | 19 June 2021
Ghana  | 17  | 8 April 2021
Greece  | 19  | 29 April 2021
Guadeloupe  | 4  | 25 May 2021
Guam  | 3  | 28 April 2021
Guinea Bissau  | 1  | 1 February 2021
India  | 208  | 14 June 2021
Indonesia  | 10  | 2 June 2021
Iran  | 2  | 3 April 2021
Iraq  | 1  | 26 February 2021
Ireland  | 69  | 19 April 2021
Israel  | 240  | 28 May 2021
Italy  | 69  | 1 June 2021
Japan  | 89  | 13 June 2021
Jordan  | 2  | 18 April 2021
Kenya  | 178  | 31 May 2021
Kuwait  | 1  | 21 June 2021
Latvia  | 9  | 13 May 2021
Lesotho  | 14  | 18 January 2021
Lithuania  | 11  | 9 April 2021
Luxembourg  | 744  | 22 May 2021
Malawi  | 312  | 16 April 2021
Malaysia  | 161  | 10 June 2021
Malta  | 3  | 1 June 2021
Martinique  | 2  | 28 April 2021
Mauritius  | 7  | 12 March 2021
Mayotte  | 32  | 31 January 2021
Mexico  | 20  | 16 May 2021
Mozambique  | 328  | 22 April 2021
Namibia  | 9  |
Netherlands  | 693  | 27 May 2021
New Zealand  | 31  | 25 June 2021
North Macedonia  | 1  | 10 March 2021
Norway  | 362  | 11 June 2021
Pakistan  | 35  | 5 June 2021
Panama  | 2  | 12 January 2021
Philippines  | 1,213  | 8 April 2021
Poland  | 45  | 7 June 2021
Portugal  | 99  | 2 June 2021
Qatar  | 650  | 18 May 2021
Reunion  | 400  | 19 June 2021
Romania  | 7  | 26 May 2021
Russia  | 23  | 12 June 2021
Rwanda  | 39  | 15 June 2021
Saudi Arabia  | 3  | 15 April 2021
Singapore  | 100  | 25 June 2021
Sint Maarten  | 1  | 24 March 2021
Slovakia  | 31  | 27 May 2021
Slovenia  | 31  | 6 April 2021
Somalia  | 1  |
South Africa  | 6,154  | 21 June 2021
South Korea  | 19  | 17 April 2021
South Sudan  | 3  | 24 April 2021
Spain  | 588  | 18 June 2021
Sri Lanka  | 4  | 26 March 2021
Suriname  | 5  | 31 March 2021
Sweden  | 2,322  | 17 June 2021
Switzerland  | 225  | 22 June 2021
Taiwan  | 3  | 26 April 2021
Thailand  | 40  | 25 May 2021
Togo  | 2  | 5 February 2021
Tunisia  | 1  | 24 April 2021
Turkey  | 912  | 24 May 2021
Uganda  | 13  | 2 April 2021
United Arab Emirates  | 6  | 27 April 2021
United Kingdom  | 812  | 24 June 2021
USA  | 2,454  | 28 June 2021
Zambia  | 161  | 28 April 2021
Zimbabwe  | 331  | 26 February 2021
World (103 countries)  | Total: 28,380 | Total as of 21 July 2021

## History[edit]

A genomics team led by the KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP) at the University of KwaZulu-Natal discovered the new variant.[62] It was uncovered by whole genome sequencing. Several genomic sequences from this lineage were submitted to the GISAID sequence database.[63][better source needed]

On 23 December 2020, UK health minister Matt Hancock announced that two people who had travelled from South Africa to the UK were infected with the Beta variant (501.V2 variant).[23][64] On 28 December, the variant had been detected in two people in Switzerland[65] and in one in Finland.[66] On 29 December, the strain had been detected in a visitor from South Africa to Japan,[67] and in one overseas traveller to Queensland, Australia.[68] On 30 December the variant was detected in Zambia.[69] On 31 December, it was also detected in France, in a passenger returning from South Africa.[70] On 2 January 2021, the first case of this variant was detected in South Korea.[71] Austria reported their first case of this variant, along with four cases of the Alpha variant on 4 January.[72] The Republic of Botswana also detected their first case on 4 January.[73] The People's Republic of China reported the first case of this variant in southern Guangdong province on 6 January.[74]

On 8 January 2021, the Republic of Ireland reported the detection of 3 cases, all linked to travel from South Africa.[75] On the same day a case of reinfection with the new variant by a woman who had had COVID-19 was reported from Brazil, the first such reinfection reported in the world.[29] Canada reported the first case of this variant in Alberta on 9 January,[76] and Israel reported four cases, all of which were imported in people travelling from South Africa.[77] New Zealand reported the first case of this variant on 10 January.[78][79] On 12 January, Germany reported the detection of the mutation in six people from three different households.[80] The same day, it was reported that the United Kingdom had a total of 29 cases, two of which were previously reported.[81] The following day, Belgium reported the first case in a person from West Flanders with no travel history,[82] Israel reported four further cases,[83] and Taiwan reported the first case in a Swazi man in his 30s who had tested positive for COVID-19 on 1 January.[84]

On 14 January, Germany detected a further case[85] and the following day, Canada reported a second case of the mutation which was detected in the Canadian province of British Columbia.[86] A further case was reported in Germany the same day.[87] Denmark and Réunion reported their first cases on 16 January as Israel discovered a further four cases.[88][89][90] On 17 January, Israel reported another four cases bringing their total number of cases of this variant to 20.[91] Two further cases were reported in The Netherlands on 18 January bringing the country's total to three.[92] Ghana reported its first case of the variant on 19 January.[93] On 23 January, Panama detected its first case of the strain in a person from Zimbabwe, who had travelled from South Africa.[94] Also on 23 January, Belgium reported at least 15 cases of the variant in Ostend,[95] while 6 cases were confirmed in the Comoros.[96] On 26 January, the Republic of Ireland reported the detection of 6 further cases.[97] The United States reported its first cases of the variant on 28 January 2021, in the state of South Carolina.[98] On 27 January, Israel reported 3 more cases which were the first cases of the variant from samples that were collected in the community randomly, without knowing the source of infection.[99] Preliminary data reported by Africa CDC on 29 January indicated that the variant had reached Ghana.[100] On 31 January, Israel reported its first case of reinfection with the new variant by a man who returned from Turkey.[101]

On 1 February 2021, the United Kingdom Secretary of State for Health and Social Care reported the random detection of 11 cases of the variant where there was no connection to international travel.[102] The same day, the Canadian province of Ontario reported the first case of the variant in the Peel Region, with a similar absence of travel history and no contact with anyone who had recently been abroad.[103] On 8 February, the Republic of Ireland reported the detection of 2 further cases.[104]

On 8 February 2021, Austria detected the greatest outbreak of Beta variant in Europe so far. A total of 293 confirmed cases and 200 suspected cases have been identified through sequencing, most of them will be confirmed in all probability. All of the cases were found in the Tirol region, where nearly 9% of the positive PCR tests were identified as the Beta variant by sequencing.[105] The active cases were estimated at around 140. After a week of public discussion and political pressure about a possible quarantine of Tirol, the government of Austria abstained from isolating the areas of concern, instead making a formal plea to reduce movement in and out of the region and go for testing after visiting Tirol.[106] Tirolean officials stated their intention to relax the lockdown rules in Tirol in keeping with the rest of Austria.[107]

On 22 February, the Israeli Health Ministry stated that the variant had been genetically sequenced in just under 1% of 3,000 community samples.[108] Later on, Israel reported a total of 444 cases of the variant, making it the highest infection rate in the world outside South Africa.[109] On 25 February, the Republic of Ireland reported the detection of 4 further cases.[110] By late February, Turkey had 49 cases of the Beta variant.[111]

On 3 March 2021, the Philippines confirmed its first 6 new cases of the South African variant, with 3 patients from Pasay with no travel history, and 3 with travel histories from Qatar and UAE.[112] On 5 March 2021, Romania reported its first two cases of the South African variant, coming from two patients in Bucharest and Pitești.[113]

On 23 March 2021, Lithuania confirmed its first 2 new cases of the South African strain, 1 in Kaunas county and 1 in Vilnius. There are 10 more suspected cases of it. The infected people said, that they didn't travel anywhere.[114] On 26 March there were 3 more cases confirmed, which means that virus is successfully spreading inside.

On 1 April 2021, Malaysia detected its first cases of South African variant. The health ministry reported two cases believed to originate from the Jalan Lima cluster, involving an employee based at the Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA), with other reported cases sparsely detected within Selangor.[115] As of 1 April, a total of nine cases involving the variant is reported.[116] By 2 May, a total of 48 cases has been detected in least 5 clusters and from contact tracing, of which 20 were found in two clusters in Perak and Kelantan.[117]

On 12 April 2021 Turkey had 285 cases in 11 provinces.[118]

## Extinction[edit]

In March 2022, the World Health Organization listed the Alpha, Beta and Gamma variants as previously circulating citing lack of any detected cases in the prior weeks and months.[119]

## See also[edit]

* COVID-19 portal
* Medicine portal
* Viruses portal

* COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa
* COVID-19 vaccination in South Africa
* Variants of SARS-CoV-2: Alpha, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon, Zeta, Eta, Theta, Iota, Kappa, Lambda, Mu, Omicron

## Notes[edit]

1. ^ Other names include:[3][4]
– 20H/501Y.V2 (formerly 20C/501Y.V2)
– 501Y.V2 variant
– South African COVID-19 variant

## References[edit]

1. ^ a b c "GISAID - hCov19 Variants". www.gisaid.org. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
2. ^ "Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants". www.who.int. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
3. ^ "Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 3 January 2021.
4. ^ For a list of sources, see South African COVID-19 variant.
5. ^ a b "Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants". www.who.int. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
6. ^ "Variants of concern". CDGN. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
7. ^ "SA reaches grim milestone of 1 million Covid-19 cases". www.iol.co.za. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
8. ^ "Covid: South Africa passes one million infections as cases surge". BBC News. 28 December 2020. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
9. ^ a b c d "South Africa announces a new coronavirus variant". The New York Times. 18 December 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020. "N501Y...has been found in other countries, including the United Kingdom"
10. ^ Houriiyah Tegally; et al. (22 December 2020). "Emergence and rapid spread of a new severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lineage with multiple spike mutations in South Africa". medrxiv. doi:10.1101/2020.12.21.20248640. Retrieved 10 March 2021. "Spatiotemporal phylogeographic analysis suggests that the 501Y.V2 lineage emerged in early August (early July – end August 2020, 95% highest posterior density) in Nelson Mandela Bay."
11. ^ "Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants". www.who.int. Retrieved 1 June 2021.
12. ^ TIMESOFINDIA.COM (2 June 2021). "Explained: Why WHO named Covid-19 variants first found in India as 'Kappa' and 'Delta'". The Times of India. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
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## External links[edit]

* PANGO lineages: New Variant Report - Report on global distribution of lineage B.1.351
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* Overseas territories
* Akrotiri and Dhekelia
* British Indian Ocean Territory
* Gibraltar

Eastern|

* Belarus
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* Kazakhstan
* Moldova
* Gagauzia
* Transnistria
* Russia
* timeline
* January–June 2020
* July–December 2020
* government responses
* political impact
* Crimea
* Sevastopol
* Turkey
* timeline
* Ukraine
* Donetsk
* Luhansk

Western Balkans|

* Albania
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Kosovo
* Montenegro
* North Macedonia
* Serbia
* timeline
* statistics

European Union|

* Austria
* Belgium
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* timeline
* Cyprus
* Northern Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Faroe Islands
* Estonia
* Finland
* Åland
* France
* Guadeloupe
* French Guiana
* Réunion
* Martinique
* Mayotte
* Normandy
* Saint Martin
* Germany
* North Rhine-Westphalia
* government response
* Greece
* Hungary
* Ireland
* timeline
* 2020
* January–June
* July–December
* 2021
* January–June
* July–December
* 2022
* economic impact
* social impact
* vaccination
* Italy
* lockdowns
* timeline
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* timeline
* Netherlands
* government response
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* timeline
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* timeline
* Asturias
* Canary Islands
* Ceuta
* Community of Madrid
* Melilla
* Sweden
* timeline
* government response
* Operation Gloria

EFTA countries|

* Iceland
* Liechtenstein
* Norway
* Svalbard
* Switzerland

Microstates|

* Andorra
* Monaco
* San Marino
* Vatican City

North
America|

| Atlantic|

* Bermuda
* Greenland
* Saint Pierre and Miquelon

|

Canada|

* timeline
* economic impact
* federal aid
* vaccination
* by province
* military response
* Atlantic Bubble
* Alberta
* timeline
* British Columbia
* Manitoba
* New Brunswick
* Newfoundland and Labrador
* Northwest Territories
* Nova Scotia
* Nunavut
* Ontario
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* Ottawa
* Peel Region
* Toronto
* York Region
* Provincial government response
* Vaccination
* Prince Edward Island
* Quebec
* Montreal
* boroughs
* timeline
* Saskatchewan
* timeline
* Yukon

Caribbean|

| Countries|

* Antigua and Barbuda
* Bahamas
* Barbados
* Cuba
* Guantanamo Bay Naval Base
* Dominica
* Dominican Republic
* Grenada
* Haiti
* Jamaica
* Saint Kitts and Nevis
* Saint Lucia
* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
* Trinidad and Tobago
* timeline

|

British Overseas Territories|

* Anguilla
* British Virgin Islands
* Cayman Islands
* Montserrat
* Turks and Caicos Islands
* response

Dutch Caribbean|

* Aruba
* Curaçao
* Sint Maarten

Caribbean Netherlands|

* Bonaire
* Saba
* Sint Eustatius

French West Indies|

* Guadeloupe
* Martinique
* Saint Barthélemy
* Saint Martin

US insular areas|

* Puerto Rico
* U.S. Virgin Islands

Central America|

* Belize
* Costa Rica
* El Salvador
* Guatemala
* Honduras
* Mexico
* timeline
* vaccination
* Nicaragua
* Panama

United States|

* Trump administration communication
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* social impact
* economic impact
* 2021 hospital crisis

responses|

* federal government
* state and local governments
* California government response
* New York government response
* Texas government response
* Eastern States Multi-state Council
* Midwest Governors Regional Pact
* Western States Pact

By location|

* Alabama
* Alaska
* American Samoa
* Arizona
* Navajo Nation
* Arkansas
* California
* timeline
* S.F. Bay Area
* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* Florida
* Georgia
* Guam
* Hawaii
* Idaho
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Kansas
* Kentucky
* Louisiana
* Maine
* Maryland
* timeline
* Massachusetts
* timeline
* Boston
* timeline
* Michigan
* Minnesota
* Mississippi
* Missouri
* Montana
* Nebraska
* Nevada
* timeline
* New Hampshire
* New Jersey
* New Mexico
* New York
* New York City
* timeline
* North Carolina
* North Dakota
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Ohio
* Columbus
* Oklahoma
* Oregon
* Portland
* Pennsylvania
* Philadelphia
* Puerto Rico
* Rhode Island
* South Carolina
* South Dakota
* Tennessee
* Texas
* timeline
* Austin
* U.S. Virgin Islands
* Utah
* Vermont
* Virginia
* Washington
* Washington, D.C.
* White House
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin
* Wyoming

Oceania|

* American Samoa
* Cook Islands
* Easter Island
* Federated States of Micronesia
* Fiji
* timeline
* French Polynesia
* Guam
* Hawaii
* Kiribati
* Marshall Islands
* Nauru
* New Caledonia
* Niue
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Palau
* Papua New Guinea
* Bougainville
* Pitcairn Islands
* Samoa
* Solomon Islands
* Tokelau
* Tonga
* Tuvalu
* Vanuatu
* Wallis and Futuna

Australia|

* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* January–June
* July–December
* 2022
* Australian Capital Territory
* Christmas Island
* Cocos (Keeling) Islands
* New South Wales
* Norfolk Island
* Northern Territory
* Queensland
* South Australia
* Tasmania
* Victoria
* Western Australia

New Zealand|

* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* economic impact
* government response
* Alert levels
* Traffic light system
* social impact
* managed isolation

South
America|

* Argentina
* timeline
* statistics
* human rights
* Bolivia
* Brazil
* São Paulo
* Chile
* statistics
* Easter Island
* Colombia
* timeline
* Ecuador
* Falkland Islands
* French Guiana
* Guyana
* Paraguay
* Peru
* statistics
* Cusco
* Suriname
* Uruguay
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* Venezuela

Others|

* Antarctica
* Cruise ships
* Diamond Princess
* Grand Princess
* Naval ships
* Charles de Gaulle
* USS Theodore Roosevelt

Impact

| Culture and
entertainment|

* Arts and cultural heritage
* references in popular culture
* Cinema
* films affected
* Corona-chan [ja; tl; zh]
* Disney
* Fashion industry
* Music industry
* Performing arts
* Television
* U.S.
* U.S. sports
* programs affected
* Video games

Education|

* Female education
* Homeschooling

By country|

* Ghana
* Ireland
* United Kingdom
* exam grading controversy
* United States

Sports|

* Bio-secure bubble

By country|

* Ireland
* Philippines

By sport|

* Association football
* Baseball
* Basketball
* NBA
* Combat sports
* Cricket
* Disc golf
* Gaelic games
* Gridirion football (NCAAF, NFL, and CFL)
* Ice hockey
* Motorsport
* Rugby league

Society
and rights|

| Social impact|

* Social media
* Stigma
* COVID-19 parties
* Children
* foster care in the U.S.

|

Labor|

* Healthcare workers
* Indian migrant workers
* Great Resignation
* Strikes

Human rights|

* Argentina
* Hong Kong
* Myanmar
* North Korea
* Turkmenistan

Legal|

* Abortion in the U.S.
* Crime
* Ireland
* Domestic violence
* Prisons
* U.S. immigration detention

Minority|

* Gender
* LGBT community
* African-American communities
* Disability community
* Native American communities
* Xenophobia and racism

Religion|

* Catholic Church
* Hajj

Economic|

* Charitable activity
* COVID-19 scams
* Travel restrictions

By country|

* Canada
* India
* Ireland
* COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment
* Malaysia
* New Zealand
* Russia
* U.K.
* U.S.

By industry|

* Aviation
* Airlines
* Cannabis industry
* Food industry
* meat industry in Canada
* meat industry in the U.S.
* restaurant industry in the U.S.
* Hospitals
* ICU capacity
* Long-term care facilities
* Mink farming
* Public transport
* Retail
* Tourism

Supply and trade|

* Chip supply
* Energy
* Global supply chain
* Oil price war
* Food security

Financial markets|

* Global stock market crash
* COVID-19 recession
* Inflation

Information|

* Journalism
* Media coverage
* Wikipedia's response

Misinformation|

* Governments
* Canada
* China
* United States
* By country
* Philippines
* Ivermectin
* Plandemic

Politics|

* National responses
* Legislation
* European Union

Political impact|

* Ireland
* Malaysia
* Russia

Protests|

* Canada
* convoy protest
* China
* Italy
* Germany
* Idar-Oberstein shooting
* the Netherlands
* New Zealand
* Serbia
* United Kingdom
* United States
* Open the States

International relations|

* Aid
* Italy
* Moldovan–Romanian collaboration
* Nicaragua–Taiwan relations
* Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan
* Vaccine diplomacy

Language|

* Anthropause
* Doomscrolling
* Flattening the curve
* Green recovery
* Living with COVID-19
* Long COVID
* Quarantini
* Social distancing
* Superspreader
* Zero-COVID
* Zoom
* Zoom towns

Others|

* Animals
* Cluster 5
* Environment
* Military
* Science and technology

Health issues

| Medical topics|

* Transmission
* Symptoms
* Cancer
* Skin manifestations
* Long COVID
* Mental health
* neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes
* Pregnancy
* Non-COVID-19–related health issues
* Shortages
* Raise the line
* Rehabilitation
* Unproven medical methods

|

Testing and
epidemiology|

* Disease testing
* Breathalyzer
* Operation Moonshot
* Test to Release
* UK Rapid Test Consortium
* AbC-19 rapid antibody test
* Rapid antigen test
* investigations into the origins
* lab leak theory
* Surveillance
* Death rates by country
* Datasets
* Undercounting COVID-19 deaths
* Use and development of software

Apps|

* Aarogya Setu
* BlueTrace
* careFIJI
* Coronavirus Australia
* Corona-Warn-App
* COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application
* COVID Alert (Canada)
* COVID AlertSA (South Africa)
* COVIDSafe
* COVID Symptom Study
* COVID Tracker Ireland
* Covid Watch
* Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing
* Exposure Notification
* Health Code
* Healthy Together
* Immuni
* Koronavilkku
* LeaveHomeSafe
* MySejahtera
* NHS COVID-19
* NZ COVID Tracer
* NZ Pass Verifier
* PathCheck
* PeduliLindungi
* SafeEntry
* SafePass
* StaySafe.ph
* SwissCovid
* TCN Protocol
* Test, Trace, Protect
* Thai Chana
* TousAntiCovid
* TraceTogether
* Valtrace

Prevention|

* Public health mitigation
* Social distancing
* Face masks
* Anti-mask sentiment
* United States
* Flattening the curve
* Zero-COVID
* Workplace hazard controls
* Lockdowns
* Evacuations
* International aid
* Safe Hands Challenge
* COVID fatigue
* Great Barrington Declaration
* Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine

Vaccines|

| Topics|

* Development
* Clinical research
* Authorizations
* Deployment
* Post-vaccination complications
* Operation Warp Speed (U.S.)
* Vaccine passports
* Vaccine card
* EU Certificate
* Misinformation and hesitancy
* Deaths of anti-vaccine advocates
* US

|

Authorized|

| DNA|

* ZyCoV-D

|

Inactivated|

* Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
* CoronaVac
* Covaxin
* COVIran Barekat
* CoviVac (Russia)
* FAKHRAVAC
* Minhai
* QazCovid-in
* Sinopharm BIBP
* Sinopharm WIBP
* Turkovac
* Valneva

mRNA|

* Moderna
* Pfizer–BioNTech

Subunit|

* Abdala
* Corbevax (Bio E COVID-19)
* COVAX-19
* EpiVacCorona
* IndoVac
* MVC
* Noora
* Novavax
* Razi Cov Pars
* Sinopharm CNBG
* Soberana 02
* Soberana Plus
* ZF2001 (Zifivax)

Viral vector|

* Convidecia
* Janssen
* Oxford–AstraZeneca
* Sputnik V
* Sputnik Light

Virus-like particles|

* CoVLP

In trials|

| Attenuated|

* COVI-VAC (United States)

|

DNA|

* AG0302-COVID‑19
* GX-19
* Inovio

Inactivated|

* KD-414
* NDV-HXP-S

RNA|

* ARCT-021
* ARCT-154
* Bangavax
* CureVac (terminated)
* HGC019
* mRNA-1283
* PTX-COVID19-B
* Sanofi–Translate Bio (terminated)
* Stemirna COVID-19 vaccine
* Walvax

Subunit|

* 202-CoV
* AKS-452
* EuCorVac-19
* IVX-411
* Nanocovax
* ReCOV
* Sanofi–GSK
* S-268019
* SCB-2019
* SCTV01C
* SKYCovione
* UB-612
* V-01
* V451 (terminated)
* Vabiotech
* West China Hospital
* Zhongyianke Biotech–Liaoning Maokangyuan Biotech‎

Viral vector|

* AdCLD-CoV19
* BBV154
* BriLife
* COH04S1
* DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT
* GRAd-COV2
* ImmunityBio
* INNA-051
* NDV-HXP-S
* Vaxart COVID-19 vaccine

Virus-like particles|

* ABNCoV2
* LYB001
* MigVax-101
* VBI-2902

Deployment
by location|

| Africa|

* Algeria
* Angola
* Benin
* Botswana
* Burkina Faso
* Burundi
* Cameroon
* Cape Verde
* Cameroon
* Chad
* Comoros
* Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Djibouti
* Egypt
* Equatorial Guinea
* Eswatini
* Ghana
* Morocco
* Nigeria
* Senegal
* South Africa
* Zimbabwe

|

Asia|

* Bangladesh
* Bhutan
* Mainland China
* India
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Israel
* Japan
* Kazakhstan
* Malaysia
* Nepal
* Philippines
* Russia
* Singapore
* South Korea
* Sri Lanka
* Taiwan
* Thailand
* Turkey
* United Arab Emirates
* Vietnam

Europe|

* Albania
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Denmark
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Iceland
* Ireland
* Italy
* Moldova
* Norway
* Portugal
* Romania
* Russia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom

North America|

* Canada
* Ontario
* Quebec
* Cuba
* Haiti
* Mexico
* United States
* mandates

Oceania|

* Australia
* Fiji
* New Zealand

South America|

* Argentina
* Brazil
* Colombia
* Peru

Others|

* Antarctica

Treatment|

* Drug development
* Drug repurposing research
* Dexamethasone
* Baricitinib
* RECOVERY Trial (UK)
* Solidarity trial (WHO)
* PANORAMIC trial (UK)
* Open-source ventilator
* Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Monoclonal antibodies|

* Bamlanivimab/etesevimab
* Bamlanivimab
* Etesevimab
* Bebtelovimab
* Casirivimab/imdevimab
* Regdanvimab
* Sarilumab
* Sotrovimab
* Tixagevimab/cilgavimab
* Tocilizumab

Small molecule antivirals|

* Broad-spectrum
* Remdesivir
* Molnupiravir
* Ensitrelvir
* Co-packaged
* Nirmatrelvir
* ritonavir

Variants

* Alpha
* Beta
* Gamma
* Delta
* Epsilon
* Zeta
* Eta
* Theta
* Iota
* Kappa
* Lambda
* Mu
* Omicron
* timeline

* Cluster 5
* Lineage B.1.617
* Lineage B.1.640.2
* Variant of concern

Institutions

| Hospitals and
medical clinics|

| Mainland China|

* Central Hospital of Wuhan
* Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre
* Fangcang hospitals
* Huoshenshan Hospital
* Leishenshan Hospital
* Xinjia Express Hotel
* Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital

|

Others|

* Hospital ships
* Canberra Coronavirus Field Hospital (Australia)
* Hospital El Salvador
* SevenHills Hospital (India)
* Kemayoran Athletes Village (Indonesia)
* Pyongyang General Hospital (North Korea)
* Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang (Malaysia)
* Mega Ligtas COVID Centers (Philippines)
* Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre (Sri Lanka)
* Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency Hospital (Turkey)
* Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital (Turkey)
* COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom
* Dragon's Heart Hospital (Wales)
* NHS Louisa Jordan (Scotland)
* NHS Nightingale Hospitals (England)
* Birmingham
* London
* North East
* North West
* Yorkshire and the Humber

Organizations|

| Global|

* Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations
* Coronavirus Tech Handbook
* COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund
* Covid Watch
* EcoHealth Alliance
* International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
* Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation
* MusiCares COVID-19 Relief Fund
* Pasteur Institute
* in Cambodia
* UN COVID-19 Supply Chain Task Force (WHO)
* United Nations
* resolutions
* World Health Organization

|

By location|

* National Cabinet (Australia)
* ScienceUpFirst (Canada)
* Wuhan Institute of Virology (China)
* Independent SAGE (United Kingdom)

Health
institutes|

* Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (African Union)
* Ghana Infectious Disease Centre (Ghana)
* Department of Health (Hong Kong)
* Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (South Korea)
* National Institute for Communicable Diseases (South Africa)
* Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (Taiwan)

Pandemic
institutes|

* National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board (Australia)
* COVID-19 Immunity Task Force (Canada)
* COVID-19 Supply Council (Canada)
* PREPARE (European Union)
* National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19 (India)
* COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force (Indonesia)
* National Public Health Emergency Team (Ireland)
* Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting (Japan)
* Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre (Malaysia)
* Defeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee (Philippines)
* Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases (Philippines)
* Central Epidemic Command Center (Taiwan)
* Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board (Turkey)
* COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium (United Kingdom)
* Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team (United Kingdom)
* Joint Biosecurity Centre (United Kingdom)
* Vaccine Taskforce (United Kingdom)
* COVID-19 Advisory Board (United States)
* Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups (United States)
* White House Coronavirus Task Force (United States)
* White House COVID-19 Response Team (United States)
* GACH (Uruguay)

Relief funds|

* PM CARES Fund (India)
* SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund (India)
* Artist Relief (United States)

People

| Medical
professionals|

* Ai Fen
* Corona Rintawan
* Li Wenliang
* Liu Wen
* Xie Linka
* Zhang Wenhong

|

Researchers|

* Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud
* Roberto Burioni
* Chen Wei
* Kizzmekia Corbett
* Andrea Crisanti
* Peter Daszak
* Christian Drosten
* Neil Ferguson
* Dale Fisher
* George F. Gao
* Azra Ghani
* Sarah Gilbert
* Guan Yi
* Kentaro Iwata
* Katalin Karikó
* Matt Keeling
* Trudie Lang
* Li Lanjuan
* W. Ian Lipkin
* Ma Xiaowei
* Shabir Madhi
* Allison McGeer
* Camilla Rothe
* Shi Zhengli
* Moncef Slaoui
* Mike Tildesley
* John Todd
* Wang Chen
* Wang Guangfa
* Drew Weissman
* Yuen Kwok-yung
* Zeng Guang
* Zhang Jixian
* Zhang Yongzhen
* Zhong Nanshan

Officials|

| WHO|

* Tedros Adhanom (Director-General of the WHO)
* Bruce Aylward (Team lead of WHO-China COVID-19 mission)
* Maria Van Kerkhove (Technical Lead for COVID-19 response)
* Michael J. Ryan (Executive Director of the WHO Health Emergencies Programme)

|

By location|

* Frank Atherton (Wales)
* Ashley Bloomfield (New Zealand)
* Catherine Calderwood (Scotland)
* Chang Shan-chwen (Taiwan)
* Anutin Charnvirakul (Thailand)
* Chen Shih-chung (Taiwan)
* Kenneth Chuang Yin-ching (Taiwan)
* Victor Costache (Romania)
* Fabrizio Curcio (Italy)
* Carmen Deseda (Puerto Rico)
* Jaap van Dissel (the Netherlands)
* Christian Drosten (Germany)
* Francisco Duque III (Philippines)
* Anthony Fauci (United States)
* Francesco Paolo Figliuolo (Italy)
* Graça Freitas (Portugal)
* Henrique Gouveia e Melo (Portugal)
* Matt Hancock (United Kingdom)
* Hamad Hasan (Lebanon)
* Greg Hunt (Australia)
* Tony Holohan (Ireland)
* Jeong Eun-kyeong (South Korea)
* Fahrettin Koca (Turkey)
* Li Keqiang (China)
* Hugo López-Gatell Ramírez (Mexico)
* Michael McBride (Northern Ireland)
* Oriol Mitjà (Andorra)
* Zweli Mkhize (South Africa)
* Doni Monardo (Indonesia)
* Alma Möller (Iceland)
* Saeed Namaki (Iran)
* Ala Nemerenco (Moldova)
* Nguyễn Thanh Long (Vietnam)
* Noor Hisham Abdullah (Malaysia)
* Ali Pilli (Northern Cyprus)
* Daniel Salinas (Uruguay)
* Jérôme Salomon (France)
* Fernando Simón (Spain)
* Gregor Smith (Scotland)
* Su Ih-jen (Taiwan)
* Łukasz Szumowski (Poland)
* Theresa Tam (Canada)
* Anders Tegnell (Sweden)
* Þórólfur Guðnason (Iceland)
* Sotiris Tsiodras (Greece)
* Harsh Vardhan (India)
* Víðir Reynisson (Iceland)
* Carla Vizzotti (Argentina)
* Vlad Voiculescu (Romania)
* Chris Whitty (United Kingdom)
* Lawrence Wong (Singapore)
* Jeffrey Zients (United States)

Others|

* Chen Qiushi
* Brett Crozier
* Fang Bin
* Fang Fang
* Joseph Ashitey Hammond
* Li Zehua
* Captain Tom Moore
* Qiu Menghuang
* Ren Zhiqiang

Deaths|

List

Data (templates)

| Global|

* Cases, deaths, recoveries by country
* Tests, cases, tests per capita, cases per capita by country
* Tests, cases, tests per capita, cases per capita by country subdivision
* WHO situation reports
* cases
* January 2020
* February 2020
* March 2020
* April 2020
* May 2020
* June 2020
* July 2020
* August 2020
* September 2020
* October 2020
* November 2020
* December 2020
* January 2021
* February 2021
* April 2021
* May 2021
* June 2021
* July 2021
* deaths
* World map by countries: confirmed per capita
* China
* Hospital beds by country
* Lockdowns

|

Africa|

* Algeria
* Angola
* Benin
* Botswana
* Burkina Faso
* Burundi
* Cameroon
* Comoros
* Egypt
* Eswatini
* Ethiopia
* Ghana
* cases chart
* Ivory Coast
* Kenya
* Libya
* Malawi
* Mali
* Mauritania
* Mauritius
* Morocco (including occupied Western Sahara)
* Mozambique
* Namibia
* Nigera
* cases chart
* São Tomé and Príncipe
* Senegal
* Seychelles
* Sierra Leone
* South Africa
* cases chart
* South Sudan
* Sudan
* Tanzania
* Togo
* Tunisia
* Uganda
* Zambia
* Zimbabwe
* cases chart

Americas|

* Argentina
* Bolivia
* Brazil
* Canada
* by province
* vaccinations by province
* Chile
* by commune
* Colombia
* Costa Rica
* cases chart
* Cuba
* Dominican Republic
* Ecuador
* El Salvador
* Guatemala
* Haiti
* Honduras
* Mexico
* cases chart
* Nicaragua
* Panama
* Paraguay
* Peru
* United States
* by state
* Uruguay
* Venezuela

Asia|

* Afghanistan
* Armenia
* Artsakh
* Azerbaijan
* Bahrain
* Bangladesh
* by division
* Bhutan
* cases chart
* Brunei
* Cambodia
* cases chart
* summary
* China
* cases chart
* confirmed per capita
* lockdowns
* by province
* Hong Kong
* Macau
* Cyprus
* East Timor
* Egypt
* Georgia
* India
* Indonesia
* cases chart
* Iran
* cases chart
* Iraq
* Israel
* cases chart
* Japan
* cases chart
* Jordan
* Kazakhstan
* Kuwait
* cases chart
* Kyrgyzstan
* Laos
* Lebanon
* Malaysia
* cases chart
* charts
* Myanmar
* cases chart
* summary
* Nepal
* cases chart
* Oman
* cases chart
* Pakistan
* cases chart
* Philippines
* cases chart
* areas of quarantine
* vaccinations chart
* Qatar
* Russia
* cases chart
* by federal subject
* North Asia
* Saudi Arabia
* Singapore
* South Korea
* cases chart
* vaccinations charts
* Sri Lanka
* Syria
* Taiwan
* vaccination charts
* Tajikistan
* Thailand
* cases chart
* Turkey
* cases chart
* United Arab Emirates
* cases chart
* Uzbekistan
* cases chart
* Vietnam
* statistics charts
* Yemen

Europe|

* Albania
* Austria
* cases chart
* Belarus
* Belgium
* cases chart
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* cases chart
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* cases chart
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Oceania|

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Others|

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