SS Massilia

French ocean liner

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Massilia at Bordeaux, about 1930

History
France
Name| Massilia
Namesake| Massilia
Owner| Cie de Navigation Sud-Atlantique
Operator| Cie de Navigation Sud-Atlantique
Port of registry| Bordeaux
Route| Bordeaux – Buenos Aires
Ordered| 1912
Builder| Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée, La Seyne-sur-Mer
Laid down| 1912
Launched| 1914
Completed| 1920
Out of service| 1942
Identification|

* Code letters OMYH (until 1933)
*   * Call sign FOTN (1934 onward)

Fate| scuttled 1944, scrapped 1946
General characteristics
Tonnage|

* 15,363 GRT
* 6,151 NRT

Length| 175.9 m (577.1 ft)
Beam| 19.5 m (64.1 ft)
Depth| 11.3 m (37.0 ft)
Decks| 7
Propulsion|

* 2 × triple-expansion engines
* 2 × exhaust steam turbines
* 4 × screw propellers

Capacity| 943 passengers total:
Crew| 410
Sensors &
processing systems| wireless direction finding
Notes| sister ships: Gallia, Lutetia

SS Massilia was an ocean liner of the Compagnie de Navigation Sud-Atlantique. She was launched in 1914 and completed in 1920.[1] Massilia was the Roman city on the site of what is now Marseille.

## Rationale

[edit]

In 1911 the previous mail contract from the French state for routes to and from South America had been in the hands of Messageries Maritimes, but the new contract was awarded to Compagnie de Navigation Sud-Atlantique. As a condition for the contract and to ensure that enough ships were in service to provide a reliable mail service, the company was required to build four 18-knot passenger liners with a minimum length of 175 metres and provide six paquebots mixtes (passenger freighters). This would maintain a fortnightly mail service between Bordeaux and Buenos Aires. However, these arrangements were not confirmed by the French Parliament until 31 December 1911.

Orders were placed, the day after parliamentary approval was achieved, with the Chantiers de l'Atlantique at Saint-Nazaire for Lutetia and with Forges & Chantiers de la Mediterranee at La Seyne for a similar ship, the Gallia,[2] both to be delivered in 1913. Massilia was the third ship, also built at La Seyne. She was launched in 1914, but the First World War delayed her completion until 1920.[3] As Massilia was completed later she had a more modern 1920s décor than her running mates, which were very pre-War in their fittings.

## Career

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The ship was in use from 1920 as a running mate with Lutetia on the route Bordeaux – Vigo – Lisbon – Rio de Janeiro – Santos – Montevideo – Buenos Aires.

In 1927 she was converted from coal-burning to oil-burning.

In 1933–34 her code letters OMYH were superseded by the call sign FOTN.[4]

### Notable voyages

[edit]

In 1922 Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear, then Argentinian ambassador in France, sailed on Massilia when he was recalled to become President of Argentina.

In 1928 an Italian migrant to Brazil, Giuseppe Pistone, strangled his wife, Maria Mercedes Féa, and tried to send her partly-dismembered body from Santos to Europe hidden in a suitcase aboard Massilia. The murder was discovered when the suitcase fell and was damaged when being loaded aboard the ship. The murder became known as the Trunk Crime.[5]

When the Second World War broke out in 1939 Massilia was painted camouflage grey. When she left La Rochelle on 19 October 1939 she carried 384 passengers fleeing Europe, of which the largest contingent were Spanish Republicans who had previously taken refuge in France. The group included many artists, journalists, writers, academics and theatre figures.[6] Amongst those aboard were the writer, playwright and copyist Salvador Valverde; the journalist, writer and editor Arturo Cuadrado Moure; the lawyer and author José Ruiz del Toro; the former parliamentarian of the Izquierda Republicana, Elpidio Villaverde; the painter and set designer Gregorio (Gori) Muñoz Montoro; the author Elena Fortún and her husband the painter and military officer Eusebio de Gorbea y Lemmi; the lawyer and legislator Pedro Coromines Muntanya;[7] the sculptor Alberto López Barral; the academic Wenceslao Roces; the painter, set designer and ceramicist Manuel Ángeles Ortiz; the academic Ramón Martínez López; the graphic artists Andrés Dameson[8] and Mauro Cristobal Artache; the painters Ramón Hidalgo Pontones and Esteban Francés Cabrera; the film director Luis de la Fuente; the playwrights Manuel Desco Sanz and Pascual Guillén; the journalists Antonio Salgado y Salgado, Clemente Cimorra, Mariano Perla, and Miguel A. Carreta; the engineer José Arbex Pomareta; the military pilot Juan Aboal Aboal; the film-maker José Fernández Cañizares; the actors Severino Mejuto and Ángel Giménez; the actress Maricarmen García Antón; the medical doctors Manuel Conde López and Miguel Cadenas Rubio; and the professor Carmen Santaolalla. She reached Buenos Aires on 5 November 1939.[9]

On her return voyage, leaving Buenos Aires in mid-November 1939, she carried French reservists from Argentina back to France. The Royal Navy cruiser HMS Ajax escorted her at the start of the journey to protect her from German raiders.[10]

In April 1940 Massilia was a troop ship in the Norwegian campaign.

In June 1940 she carried a large number of prominent politicians, including 27 of the Vichy 80, who fled from Metropolitan France to French North Africa after France capitulated to Germany and Italy.[11] The group included Édouard Daladier and Pierre Mendès France.

Massilia was a troop ship between North Africa and France for the Vichy government. It then became a naval school for Chargeurs Réunis moored in the Étang de Berre, and then as a floating barracks for German troops in Marseille.

## Fate

[edit]

As Allied forces advanced into France after the Normandy landings, German forces scuttled Massilia on 21 August 1944 to block the entrance to Marseille. After the war she was raised, then scrapped.[12]

## References

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1. ^ "Steamers & Motorships". Lloyd's Register if Shipping (PDF). Vol. II. Lloyd's Register or Shipping. 1930. Retrieved 27 October 2020 – via Plimsoll Ship Data.
2. ^ Hillion, Daniel (1992). Paquebots (in French). Rennes: Editions Ouest-France. ISBN 978-2737314339.[page needed]
3. ^ "Massilia, paquebot de la Compagnie de navigation Sud-Atlantique". 24 August 2009. Retrieved 25 June 2011..
4. ^ "Steamers & Motorships". Lloyd's Register of Shipping (PDF). Vol. II. Lloyd's Register of Shipping. 1944. Retrieved 27 October 2020 – via Plimsoll Ship Data.
5. ^ Sanches, Valdir. "A verdade da mala". Época (in Portuguese). Retrieved 27 June 2020.
6. ^ Ortuño Martínez, Bárbara (2012). ""En busca de un submarino". Crónica a bordo del buque insignia del exilio republicano en Argentina: el Massilia". Cahiers de civilisation espagnole contemporaine (in Spanish) (9). doi:10.4000/ccec.4242. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
7. ^ Pere Coromines i Montanya en Viquipedia
8. ^ Andreu Dameson i Aspa en Viquipedia
9. ^ "Diario Crítica". 5 November 1939. `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help)[clarification needed]
10. ^ Grove, Eric (2002). German Capital Ships and Raiders in World War II: From Graf Spee to Bismarck, 1931–1941. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0714652085.[page needed]
11. ^ Planes, Louis-Georges; Dufourg, Robert. Bordeaux, Capitale tragique, mai-juin 1940 (in French). Loos: Editions Medicis.[page needed]
12. ^ Bonsor, N. R. P. (1983). South Atlantic Seaway : an illustrated history of the passenger lines and liners from Europe to Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina. Jersey Channel Islands: Brookside Publications. p. 414\. ISBN 0-905824-06-7.

## Further reading

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* Kludas, Arnold (1987) [1977]. Great Passenger Ships of the World. Vol. 1 to 6. Cambridge: Patrick Stephens. ISBN 0850592658.[page needed]