SVG animation

Open XML-based standard vector graphics format

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Scalable Vector Graphics

* sXBL
* SVG Working Group
* SVG filter effects
* Precision Graphics Markup Language
* Vector Markup Language
* XHTML+MathML+SVG
* SVG animation

* v
* t
* e

Animation of Scalable Vector Graphics, an open XML-based standard vector graphics format is possible through various means:

* Scripting: ECMAScript is a primary means of creating animations and interactive user interfaces within SVG.
* Styling: Since 2008, the development of CSS Animations as a feature in WebKit has made possible stylesheet-driven implicit animation of SVG files from within the Document Object Model (DOM).
* SMIL: Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language, a recommended means[1][2][3][4] of animating SVG-based hypermedia, supported by the Amaya (2003)[5] Opera (2006),[6] Mozilla Firefox (2011),[7] Google Chrome (2016) and Safari (2017) web browsers,[8] and any browser that aims to pass the Acid3 web standards test of 2008 (i.e. before the test's "simplification" in 2011) as this requires SMIL support for tests 75 and 76.

Libraries have also been written as a shim to give current SVG-enabled browsers SMIL support.[9] This method is also known as SVG+Time.[citation needed]

Because SVG supports PNG and JPEG raster images, it can be used to animate such images as an alternative to APNG and Multiple-image Network Graphics (MNG).

## History

[edit]

SVG animation elements were developed in collaboration with the working group that published several versions of Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL). The SYMM Working Group (in collaboration with the SVG Working Group) developed the SMIL Animation specification, which represents a general-purpose XML animation feature set. SVG incorporates the animation features defined in the SMIL Animation specification and provides some SVG-specific extensions.

In June 1998, the "Synchronized Multimedia Working Group" (known as "SYMM"[10]) within the World Wide Web Consortium ("W3C") published the first recommended version of the specification known as "SMIL 1.0".[11][12] Shortly after the 1998 publication of SMIL 1.0, a group of companies led by Microsoft published "Timed Interactive Multimedia Extensions for HTML (HTML+TIME); Extending SMIL into the Web Browser".[13] For the next two years, the lead author of HTML+TIME (Patrick Schmitz) worked with the SYMM working group, while also working with the SVG working group. Shortly after the publication of SMIL 2.0, Schmitz and co-author Aaron Cohen (from Intel) published SMIL Animation on 4 September 2001.[14][15] SVG 1.0 also became a W3C Recommendation on 4 September 2001.

Certain web browsers added support for SVG animation during the 2000s, including Amaya as early as 2003, but SVG animation was only supported by widely used browsers beginning in the 2010s, notably by Firefox 4 (2011). Internet Explorer supports ECMAScript animation, and its successor Microsoft Edge supports ECMAScript and CSS animations as of version 42.17134.

## Examples

[edit]

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The following code snippets demonstrate three techniques to create animated SVG images on compatible browsers. The relevant parts are highlighted in yellow. Click the images' thumbnails to see their animated versions.

### SVG animation using SMIL

[edit]

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-4 -4 8 8">
<title>SVG animation using SMIL</title>
<circle cx="0" cy="1" r="2" stroke="red" fill="none">
<animateTransform
attributeName="transform"
attributeType="XML"
type="rotate"
from="0"
to="360"
dur="1s"
repeatCount="indefinite"/>
</circle>
</svg>

### SVG animation using CSS

[edit]

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-4 -4 8 8">
<title>SVG animation using CSS</title>
<style>
@keyframes rot_kf {
from { transform: rotate(0deg); }
to   { transform: rotate(360deg); }

.rot { animation: rot_kf 1s linear infinite; }
</style>
<circle class="rot"
cx="0" cy="1" r="2" stroke="blue" fill="none"/>
</svg>

### SVG animation using ECMAScript

[edit]

A traffic light, animated using SVG animation and Javascript.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-4 -4 8 8" onload="rotate(evt)">
<title>SVG animation using ECMAScript</title>
<script>
function rotate(evt) {
const object = evt.target.ownerDocument.getElementById('rot');
setInterval(() => {
const now          = new Date();
const milliseconds = now.getTime() % 1000;
const degrees      = milliseconds * 0.36; // 360 degrees in 1000 ms
object.setAttribute('transform', `rotate(${degrees})`);
}, 20);

</script>
<circle id="rot"
cx="0" cy="1" r="2" stroke="green" fill="none"/>
</svg>

Though the example above works, it is not the optimal implementation; the animation is limited to 50 frames per second (FPS). Using `requestAnimationFrame` provides better performance and can reach 60 FPS:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="-4 -4 8 8" onload="init()">
<title>SVG animation using requestAnimationFrame()</title>
<script>
let object;

function init() {
object = document.getElementById('rot');
window.requestAnimationFrame(rotate);

function rotate(timestamp) {
const milliseconds = timestamp % 1000;
const degrees      = milliseconds * 0.36; // 360 degrees in 1000 ms
object.setAttribute('transform', `rotate(${degrees})`);
window.requestAnimationFrame(rotate);

</script>
<circle id="rot" cx="0" cy="1" r="2" stroke="green" fill="none"/>
</svg>

## SMIL attributes to identify the target attribute

[edit]

The following are the animation attribute which identify the target attribute for the given target element whose value changes over time. `attributeName = "<attributeName>"` specifies the name of the target attribute. An XMLNS prefix may be used to indicate the XML namespace for the attribute. The prefix will be interpreted in the scope of the current animation element.

`attributeType = "CSS | XML | auto"` specifies the namespace in which the target attribute and its associated values are defined. `CSS` specifies that the value of ‘attributeName’ is the name of a CSS property defined as animatable in this specification. `XML` specifies that the value of ‘attributeName’ is the name of an XML attribute defined in the default XML namespace for the target element. The attribute must be defined as animatable in this specification. `auto` The default value is 'auto'. The implementation should match the ‘attribute Name’ to an attribute for the target element. The implementation must first search through the list of CSS properties for a matching property name, and if none is found, search the default XML namespace for the element.

* SMIL animation demonstrating change in transformation (scale) and CSS attributes (opacity and dash offset)

* SMIL animation demonstrating motion along a path and simulation of 3D

* SMIL animation demonstrating morphing of shapes (paths)

* CSS3 animation demonstrating changes in transformation (rotation, scale and translation) and simulation of 3D

The MediaWiki wiki software automatically generates static, non-animated thumbnails of SVG images. Viewing the actual .svg image from each respective description page will show its animation in a compatible browser.

## Libraries

[edit]

There are several JavaScript libraries for working with SVG animation. An advantage to the use of such libraries is that these libraries often solve incompatibility issues in browsers through abstraction. Examples of libraries include Raphaël and Velocity.js

## See also

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Animated SVG files.

* CSS animations
* D3.js
* Flash animation
* GIF animation

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 1.1 Specification". World Wide Web Consortium. January 2003 – April 2009. Archived from the original on 27 August 2006. Retrieved 4 February 2010.
2. ^ Festa, Paul (9 January 2003). "W3C releases scripting standard, caveat". CNet. Archived from the original on 17 May 2011. Retrieved 24 February 2010.
3. ^ Bulterman, D.C.A.; Lloyd Rutledge (November 2008). SMIL 3.0: Interactive Multimedia for the Web, Mobile Devices and Daisy Talking Books. X.media.publishing (2nd ed.). New York: Springer. p. 508\. ISBN 9783540785460. Archived from the original on 2022-04-24. Retrieved 2022-04-24.
4. ^ Dick Bulterman. SMIL 3.0. Archived from the original on 2022-04-24. Retrieved 2022-04-24.
5. ^ "SVG Animation support in Amaya". World Wide Web Consortium. 15 April 2003. Archived from the original on 11 September 2009. Retrieved 4 February 2010.
6. ^ McCathieNevile, Charles (31 October 2006). "Animating Your SVG". Opera Developer Community. Opera Software. Archived from the original on 7 March 2010. Retrieved 24 February 2010.
7. ^ "SVG animation with SMIL". 29 March 2011. Archived from the original on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 29 March 2011.
8. ^ "When can I use SVG SMIL animation?". Archived from the original on 2011-03-22. Retrieved 2011-03-29.
9. ^ Dahlström, Erik (August 2008). "Tricks of javascript, SVG and SMIL". Opera Software at "SVG Open" website. Archived from the original on 6 April 2009. Retrieved 24 February 2010.
10. ^ "W3C Synchronized Multimedia Home page". www.w3.org. Archived from the original on 2022-04-17. Retrieved 2022-03-20.
11. ^ Hoschka, Philipp, ed. (1998-06-15). "Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) 1.0 Specification". W3C. SYMM Working Group. Archived from the original on 2021-03-30. Retrieved 2021-04-09.
12. ^ Khudairi, Sally; Jacobs, Ian; Mitchell, Ned; Lloyd, Andrew; Matsubara, Yumiko (1998-06-15). "Press Release: W3C Issues SMIL as a W3C Recommendation". W3C. Archived from the original on 2020-02-08. Retrieved 2021-04-09.
13. ^ Schmitz, Patrick; Yu, Jin; Santangeli, Peter (1998-09-18). "Timed Interactive Multimedia Extensions for HTML (HTML+TIME); Extending SMIL into the Web Browser". World Wide Web Consortium (w3.org). Archived from the original on 2022-01-20. Retrieved 2022-03-20.
14. ^ "Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL 2.0)". www.w3.org. 7 August 2001. Archived from the original on 2022-03-26. Retrieved 2022-03-20.
15. ^ Schmitz, Patrick; Cohen, Aaron (4 September 2001). "SMIL Animation". www.w3.org. Archived from the original on 2022-06-14. Retrieved 2022-03-20.

* v
* t
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Animation topics

By country|

* Azerbaijan
* Bangladesh
* Bhutan
* Brazil
* United Kingdom
* Canada
* China
* history
* Czechia
* Estonia
* France
* Hungary
* India
* history
* Iran
* Japan
* history
* Korea
* North
* South
* history
* Latvia
* Malaysia
* Mexico
* North Korea
* Philippines
* Portugal
* Romania
* Russia
* South Africa
* Spain
* Taiwan
* Thailand
* Ukraine
* United States
* Silent Era
* The Golden Age
* World War II
* Early TV broadcast era
* Modern TV cable and streaming era
* Vietnam

Industry|

* Animator
* List
* Animation department
* Animation director
* Story artist
* Animation studios
* List
* Animation database
* Art pipeline
* Biologist simulators
* Animation film festivals
* international
* regional
* Highest-grossing films (Opening weekends)
* Outsourcing
* International Animation Day

Works|

* Films
* Computer-animated
* Feature-length
* Lost or unfinished
* Package
* Short
* Short series
* Stop-motion
* Adult animated films
* Children's animated films
* Series
* Adult animated
* Children's animated
* Computer-animated
* Direct-to-video
* Flash
* Internet
* Television

Techniques|

| Traditional|

* Barrier-grid and stereography
* Flip book
* Limited animation
* Masking
* Rotoscoping
* Exposure sheet

|

Stop motion|

* Claymation
* clay painting, strata-cut
* Cutout (silhouette)
* Graphic
* Model
* go motion
* Object
* Brickfilm
* Pixilation
* Puppetoons

Computer|

| 2D|

* 2.5D
* Flash
* PowerPoint
* SVG
* CSS
* Multi-sketch
* Onion skinning

|

3D|

* T-pose
* Cel shading
* CGI
* Crowd
* Facial animation
* Morph target
* Motion capture
* facial
* hand tracking
* eye tracking
* Non-photorealistic rendering
* Physically based animation
* Procedural
* Skeletal
* Virtual cinematography

Puppetry|

* Traditional puppetry
* Digital puppetry
* Machinima
* Aniforms
* Virtual human
* Live2D
* Supermarionation

Mechanical|

* Animatronics
* Audio-Animatronics
* Linear Animation Generator
* Direct manipulation animation
* Humanoid animation
* Idle animation
* Ink-wash animation
* Magic Lantern
* Scanimate
* Shadowmation
* Squigglevision
* Whiteboard animation

Other methods|

* Blocking
* Character animation
* model sheet
* walk cycle
* lip sync
* off-model
* Chuckimation
* Drawn-on-film
* Erasure animation
* Hydrotechnics
* Inbetweening
* Morphing
* Paint-on-glass
* Pinscreen
* Pixel art
* Pose to pose
* Straight ahead
* Rubber hose
* Special effects
* Sand
* Syncro-Vox
* Zoetrope

Variants|

* Abstract animation (visual music)
* Adult animation
* Animated cartoon
* Animated sitcom
* Animated documentary
* Anime
* influenced
* Educational animation
* Erotic animation
* Independent animation
* Instructional animation
* Virtual newscaster

History|

* Early history
* History of computer animation
* timeline

Related topics|

* Animation music
* Bouncing ball
* Mickey Mousing
* Key frame
* Cel
* Character animation
* model sheet
* walk cycle
* lip sync
* off-model
* Creature animation
* Twelve basic principles
* Motion comic
* Films with live action and animation
* highest grossing
* Cartoon
* physics
* violence
* Most expensive animated films
* List of animated films by box office admissions
* List of animated television series by episode count

* Category
* Portal
* Outline

* v
* t
* e

World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

Products,
standards|

| Recommendations|

* ActivityPub
* Activity Streams
* ARIA
* Canonical XML
* CDF
* CSS
* Animations
* Flexbox
* Grid
* DOM
* EXI
* EmotionML
* Geolocation API
* HTML
* HTML5
* IndexedDB
* ITS
* JSON-LD
* Linked Data Notifications
* MathML
* Micropub
* OWL
* PLS
* RDF
* Schema
* RDFa
* SISR
* SKOS
* SMIL
* SOAP
* SRGS
* SRI
* SSML
* SVG
* Filter Effects
* SCXML
* SHACL
* SPARQL
* Timed text
* VoiceXML
* WebAssembly
* WoT
* TD
* Web storage
* WSDL
* Webmention
* WebSub
* WebVTT
* WOFF
* XHTML
* +RDFa
* XML
* Base
* Encryption
* Events
* Information Set
* Namespace
* Schema
* Signature
* XForms
* XInclude
* XLink
* XOP
* XPath
* 2.0
* 3.x
* XPointer
* XProc
* XQuery
* XSL
* XSL-FO
* XSLT
* elements

|

Notes|

* IndieAuth
* XAdES
* XBL
* XHTML+SMIL
* XUP

Working drafts|

* CCXML
* CURIE
* EME
* InkML
* MSE
* RIF
* SMIL Timesheets
* sXBL
* WebGPU
* WebXR
* XFDL
* XFrames
* XMLHttpRequest

Guidelines|

* Web Content Accessibility Guidelines

Initiative|

* Markup Validation Service
* Web Accessibility Initiative
* Web Components

Deprecated|

* C-HTML
* HDML
* JSSS
* PGML
* VML
* WebPlatform

Obsoleted|

* P3P
* XHTML+MathML+SVG

Groups,
organizations|

* WHATWG
* Defunct: World Wide Web Foundation

Elected|

* AB
* Board
* TAG

Working|

* CSS
* SVG
* WebAssembly
* WebAuthn

Community, business|

* Web Advertising BG
* WebAssembly CG

Closed|

* Device Description (DDWG)
* HTML
* Multimodal Interaction Activity (MMI)

Software|

* CERN httpd
* Libwww

Browsers|

* Line Mode (1990–)
* Arena (1993–98)
* Agora (1994–97)
* Argo (1994–97)
* Amaya (browser/editor, 1996–2012)

Conferences|

* International World Wide Web Conference (IW3C)
* Steering Committee (IW3C2)
* First conference ("WWW1", 1994)

* v
* t
* e

Vector graphics markup languages and file formats

By type|

| 2D|

* Asymptote
* CGM
* DrawingML
* Graphics Layout Engine
* GeoGebra
* HVIF
* Lottie
* MetaPost
* PGF/TikZ
* PGML
* PSTricks
* Remote Imaging Protocol
* SVG
* SWF
* VML
* WMF
* EMF
* XAML
* Xar

|

3D|

* 3DMLW
* 3DXML
* Asymptote
* COLLADA
* DWF
* GeoGebra
* glTF
* IGES
* JT
* OpenGEX
* PRC
* STEP
* STL
* U3D
* VRML
* X3D
* XAML
* XVL
* xVRML

See also|

* Web3D
* Web3D Consortium
* Linden Scripting Language

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