Sa (Javanese)

ꦱsa

Aksara nglegena

Aksara pasangan

Javanese script
Latin orthography| sa
Phoneme| [s]
Unicode| A9B1

This article contains letters from the Javanese script. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Javanese characters.

ꦱ is a syllabogram in the Javanese script that represents the sounds /sɔ/ and /sa/. It is transliterated to Latin as "sa", and sometimes in Indonesian orthography as "so". It has another form (pasangan), which is  ꧀ꦱ, but represented by a single Unicode code point, U+A9B1.[1][2][3]

## Pasangan

[edit]

Its pasangan form ꧀ꦱ, is one of six pasangan that are placed on the right-hand side of the previous syllable. Therefore, it is permissible to write two pasangan at the same time without having to resort to pangkon (꧀).

The location of the sandhangan ꦶ, ꦼ, or ꦁ is on top the pasangan, not on the previous syllable. (See glyph table below)

## Extended form

[edit]

The letter ꦱ has a murda form, which is ꦯ.

Using cecak telu (ꦱ꦳), the syllable represents /ʃa/.

## Mahaprana

[edit]

Mahaprana letters were originally aspirated consonants used in Sanskrit and Kawi transliterations. However, there are no aspirated consonants in modern Javanese. The mahaprana form of ꦱ is ꦰ.

## Glyphs

[edit]

Nglegena forms | Pasangan forms

|

ꦱ sa  | ꦱꦃ sah  | ꦱꦁ sang  | ꦱꦂ sar  | ◌꧀ꦱ -sa  | ◌꧀ꦱꦃ -sah  | ◌꧀ꦱꦁ -sang  | ◌꧀ꦱꦂ -sar
ꦱꦺ se  | ꦱꦺꦃ seh  | ꦱꦺꦁ seng  | ꦱꦺꦂ ser  | ◌꧀ꦱꦺ -se  | ◌꧀ꦱꦺꦃ -seh  | ◌꧀ꦱꦺꦁ -seng  | ◌꧀ꦱꦺꦂ -ser
ꦱꦼ sê  | ꦱꦼꦃ sêh  | ꦱꦼꦁ sêng  | ꦱꦼꦂ sêr  | ◌꧀ꦱꦼ -sê  | ◌꧀ꦱꦼꦃ -sêh  | ◌꧀ꦱꦼꦁ -sêng  | ◌꧀ꦱꦼꦂ -sêr
ꦱꦶ si  | ꦱꦶꦃ sih  | ꦱꦶꦁ sing  | ꦱꦶꦂ sir  | ◌꧀ꦱꦶ -si  | ◌꧀ꦱꦶꦃ -sih  | ◌꧀ꦱꦶꦁ -sing  | ◌꧀ꦱꦶꦂ -sir
ꦱꦺꦴ so  | ꦱꦺꦴꦃ soh  | ꦱꦺꦴꦁ song  | ꦱꦺꦴꦂ sor  | ◌꧀ꦱꦺꦴ -so  | ◌꧀ꦱꦺꦴꦃ -soh  | ◌꧀ꦱꦺꦴꦁ -song  | ◌꧀ꦱꦺꦴꦂ -sor
ꦱꦸ su  | ꦱꦸꦃ suh  | ꦱꦸꦁ sung  | ꦱꦸꦂ sur  | ◌꧀ꦱꦸ -su  | ◌꧀ꦱꦸꦃ -suh  | ◌꧀ꦱꦸꦁ -sung  | ◌꧀ꦱꦸꦂ -sur
ꦱꦿ sra  | ꦱꦿꦃ srah  | ꦱꦿꦁ srang  | ꦱꦿꦂ srar  | ◌꧀ꦱꦿ -sra  | ◌꧀ꦱꦿꦃ -srah  | ◌꧀ꦱꦿꦁ -srang  | ◌꧀ꦱꦿꦂ -srar
ꦱꦿꦺ sre  | ꦱꦿꦺꦃ sreh  | ꦱꦿꦺꦁ sreng  | ꦱꦿꦺꦂ srer  | ◌꧀ꦱꦿꦺ -sre  | ◌꧀ꦱꦿꦺꦃ -sreh  | ◌꧀ꦱꦿꦺꦁ -sreng  | ◌꧀ꦱꦿꦺꦂ -srer
ꦱꦽ srê  | ꦱꦽꦃ srêh  | ꦱꦽꦁ srêng  | ꦱꦽꦂ srêr  | ◌꧀ꦱꦽ -srê  | ◌꧀ꦱꦽꦃ -srêh  | ◌꧀ꦱꦽꦁ -srêng  | ◌꧀ꦱꦽꦂ -srêr
ꦱꦿꦶ sri  | ꦱꦿꦶꦃ srih  | ꦱꦿꦶꦁ sring  | ꦱꦿꦶꦂ srir  | ◌꧀ꦱꦿꦶ -sri  | ◌꧀ꦱꦿꦶꦃ -srih  | ◌꧀ꦱꦿꦶꦁ -sring  | ◌꧀ꦱꦿꦶꦂ -srir
ꦱꦿꦺꦴ sro  | ꦱꦿꦺꦴꦃ sroh  | ꦱꦿꦺꦴꦁ srong  | ꦱꦿꦺꦴꦂ sror  | ◌꧀ꦱꦿꦺꦴ -sro  | ◌꧀ꦱꦿꦺꦴꦃ -sroh  | ◌꧀ꦱꦿꦺꦴꦁ -srong  | ◌꧀ꦱꦿꦺꦴꦂ -sror
ꦱꦿꦸ sru  | ꦱꦿꦸꦃ sruh  | ꦱꦿꦸꦁ srung  | ꦱꦿꦸꦂ srur  | ◌꧀ꦱꦿꦸ -sru  | ◌꧀ꦱꦿꦸꦃ -sruh  | ◌꧀ꦱꦿꦸꦁ -srung  | ◌꧀ꦱꦿꦸꦂ -srur
ꦱꦾ sya  | ꦱꦾꦃ syah  | ꦱꦾꦁ syang  | ꦱꦾꦂ syar  | ◌꧀ꦱꦾ -sya  | ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦃ -syah  | ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦁ -syang  | ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦂ -syar
ꦱꦾꦺ sye  | ꦱꦾꦺꦃ syeh  | ꦱꦾꦺꦁ syeng  | ꦱꦾꦺꦂ syer  | ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦺ -sye  | ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦺꦃ -syeh  | ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦺꦁ -syeng  | ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦺꦂ -syer
ꦱꦾꦼ syê  | ꦱꦾꦼꦃ syêh  | ꦱꦾꦼꦁ syêng  | ꦱꦾꦼꦂ syêr  | ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦼ -syê  | ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦼꦃ -syêh  | ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦼꦁ -syêng  | ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦼꦂ -syêr
ꦱꦾꦶ syi  | ꦱꦾꦶꦃ syih  | ꦱꦾꦶꦁ sying  | ꦱꦾꦶꦂ syir  | ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦶ -syi  | ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦶꦃ -syih  | ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦶꦁ -sying  | ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦶꦂ -syir
ꦱꦾꦺꦴ syo  | ꦱꦾꦺꦴꦃ syoh  | ꦱꦾꦺꦴꦁ syong  | ꦱꦾꦺꦴꦂ syor  | ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦺꦴ -syo  | ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦺꦴꦃ -syoh  | ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦺꦴꦁ -syong  | ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦺꦴꦂ -syor
ꦱꦾꦸ syu  | ꦱꦾꦸꦃ syuh  | ꦱꦾꦸꦁ syung  | ꦱꦾꦸꦂ syur  | ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦸ -syu  | ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦸꦃ -syuh  | ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦸꦁ -syung  | ◌꧀ꦱꦾꦸꦂ -syur
Other forms  Nglegena forms | Pasangan forms

|

ꦱ꦳ sya  | ꦱ꦳ꦃ syah  | ꦱ꦳ꦁ syang  | ꦱ꦳ꦂ syar  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ -sya  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦃ -syah  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦁ -syang  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦂ -syar
ꦱ꦳ꦺ sye  | ꦱ꦳ꦺꦃ syeh  | ꦱ꦳ꦺꦁ syeng  | ꦱ꦳ꦺꦂ syer  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦺ -sye  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦺꦃ -syeh  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦺꦁ -syeng  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦺꦂ -syer
ꦱ꦳ꦼ syê  | ꦱ꦳ꦼꦃ syêh  | ꦱ꦳ꦼꦁ syêng  | ꦱ꦳ꦼꦂ syêr  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦼ -syê  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦼꦃ -syêh  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦼꦁ -syêng  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦼꦂ -syêr
ꦱ꦳ꦶ syi  | ꦱ꦳ꦶꦃ syih  | ꦱ꦳ꦶꦁ sying  | ꦱ꦳ꦶꦂ syir  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦶ -syi  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦶꦃ -syih  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦶꦁ -sying  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦶꦂ -syir
ꦱ꦳ꦺꦴ syo  | ꦱ꦳ꦺꦴꦃ syoh  | ꦱ꦳ꦺꦴꦁ syong  | ꦱ꦳ꦺꦴꦂ syor  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦺꦴ -syo  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦺꦴꦃ -syoh  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦺꦴꦁ -syong  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦺꦴꦂ -syor
ꦱ꦳ꦸ syu  | ꦱ꦳ꦸꦃ syuh  | ꦱ꦳ꦸꦁ syung  | ꦱ꦳ꦸꦂ syur  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦸ -syu  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦸꦃ -syuh  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦸꦁ -syung  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦸꦂ -syur
ꦱ꦳ꦿ syra  | ꦱ꦳ꦿꦃ syrah  | ꦱ꦳ꦿꦁ syrang  | ꦱ꦳ꦿꦂ syrar  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿ -syra  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿꦃ -syrah  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿꦁ -syrang  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿꦂ -syrar
ꦱ꦳ꦿꦺ syre  | ꦱ꦳ꦿꦺꦃ syreh  | ꦱ꦳ꦿꦺꦁ syreng  | ꦱ꦳ꦿꦺꦂ syrer  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿꦺ -syre  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿꦺꦃ -syreh  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿꦺꦁ -syreng  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿꦺꦂ -syrer
ꦱ꦳ꦽ syrê  | ꦱ꦳ꦽꦃ syrêh  | ꦱ꦳ꦽꦁ syrêng  | ꦱ꦳ꦽꦂ syrêr  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦽ -syrê  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦽꦃ -syrêh  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦽꦁ -syrêng  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦽꦂ -syrêr
ꦱ꦳ꦿꦶ syri  | ꦱ꦳ꦿꦶꦃ syrih  | ꦱ꦳ꦿꦶꦁ syring  | ꦱ꦳ꦿꦶꦂ syrir  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿꦶ -syri  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿꦶꦃ -syrih  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿꦶꦁ -syring  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿꦶꦂ -syrir
ꦱ꦳ꦿꦺꦴ syro  | ꦱ꦳ꦿꦺꦴꦃ syroh  | ꦱ꦳ꦿꦺꦴꦁ syrong  | ꦱ꦳ꦿꦺꦴꦂ syror  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿꦺꦴ -syro  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿꦺꦴꦃ -syroh  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿꦺꦴꦁ -syrong  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿꦺꦴꦂ -syror
ꦱ꦳ꦿꦸ syru  | ꦱ꦳ꦿꦸꦃ syruh  | ꦱ꦳ꦿꦸꦁ syrung  | ꦱ꦳ꦿꦸꦂ syrur  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿꦸ -syru  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿꦸꦃ -syruh  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿꦸꦁ -syrung  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦿꦸꦂ -syrur
ꦱ꦳ꦾ syya | ꦱ꦳ꦾꦃ syyah | ꦱ꦳ꦾꦁ syyang | ꦱ꦳ꦾꦂ syyar  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾ -syya  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦃ -syyah  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦁ -syyang  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦂ -syyar
ꦱ꦳ꦾꦺ syye | ꦱ꦳ꦾꦺꦃ syyeh | ꦱ꦳ꦾꦺꦁ syyeng | ꦱ꦳ꦾꦺꦂ syyer  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦺ -syye  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦺꦃ -syyeh  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦺꦁ -syyeng  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦺꦂ -syyer
ꦱ꦳ꦾꦼ syyê | ꦱ꦳ꦾꦼꦃ syyêh | ꦱ꦳ꦾꦼꦁ syyêng | ꦱ꦳ꦾꦼꦂ syyêr  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦼ -syyê  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦼꦃ -syyêh  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦼꦁ -syyêng  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦼꦂ -syyêr
ꦱ꦳ꦾꦶ syyi | ꦱ꦳ꦾꦶꦃ syyih | ꦱ꦳ꦾꦶꦁ syying | ꦱ꦳ꦾꦶꦂ syyir  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦶ -syyi  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦶꦃ -syyih  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦶꦁ -syying  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦶꦂ -syyir
ꦱ꦳ꦾꦺꦴ syyo | ꦱ꦳ꦾꦺꦴꦃ syyoh | ꦱ꦳ꦾꦺꦴꦁ syyong | ꦱ꦳ꦾꦺꦴꦂ syyor  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦺꦴ -syyo  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦺꦴꦃ -syyoh  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦺꦴꦁ -syyong  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦺꦴꦂ -syyor
ꦱ꦳ꦾꦸ syyu | ꦱ꦳ꦾꦸꦃ syyuh | ꦱ꦳ꦾꦸꦁ syyung | ꦱ꦳ꦾꦸꦂ syyur  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦸ -syyu  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦸꦃ -syyuh  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦸꦁ -syyung  | ◌꧀ꦱ꦳ꦾꦸꦂ -syyur

## Unicode block

[edit]

Main article: Javanese (Unicode block)

Javanese script was added to the Unicode Standard in October, 2009 with the release of version 5.2.

Javanese[1][2]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)

| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F
U+A98x  |  ꦀ |  ꦁ |  ꦂ |  ꦃ |  ꦄ |  ꦅ |  ꦆ |  ꦇ |  ꦈ |  ꦉ |  ꦊ |  ꦋ |  ꦌ |  ꦍ |  ꦎ |  ꦏ
U+A99x  |  ꦐ |  ꦑ |  ꦒ |  ꦓ |  ꦔ |  ꦕ |  ꦖ |  ꦗ |  ꦘ |  ꦙ |  ꦚ |  ꦛ |  ꦜ |  ꦝ |  ꦞ |  ꦟ
U+A9Ax  |  ꦠ |  ꦡ |  ꦢ |  ꦣ |  ꦤ |  ꦥ |  ꦦ |  ꦧ |  ꦨ |  ꦩ |  ꦪ |  ꦫ |  ꦬ |  ꦭ |  ꦮ |  ꦯ
U+A9Bx  |  ꦰ |  ꦱ |  ꦲ |  ꦳ |  ꦴ |  ꦵ |  ꦶ |  ꦷ |  ꦸ |  ꦹ |  ꦺ |  ꦻ |  ꦼ |  ꦽ |  ꦾ |  ꦿ
U+A9Cx  |  ꧀ |  ꧁ |  ꧂ |  ꧃ |  ꧄ |  ꧅ |  ꧆ |  ꧇ |  ꧈ |  ꧉ |  ꧊ |  ꧋ |  ꧌ |  ꧍ |  |  ꧏ
U+A9Dx  |  ꧐ |  ꧑ |  ꧒ |  ꧓ |  ꧔ |  ꧕ |  ꧖ |  ꧗ |  ꧘ |  ꧙ |  |  |  |  |  ꧞ |  ꧟
Notes

1.^ As of Unicode version 16.0
2.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Campbell, George L. Compendium of the World's Languages. Vol. 1. New York: Routledge, 2000.
2. ^ Soemarmo, Marmo. "Javanese Script." Ohio Working Papers in Linguistics and Language Teaching 14.Winter (1995): 69-103.
3. ^ Daniels, Peter T and William Bright. The World's Writing Systems. Ed. Peter T Daniels and William Bright. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.

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Javanese language

Overviews|

* Language
* History
* Script

Development|

* Old Javanese
* Middle Javanese
* Modern Javanese

Scripts|

* Kawi
* Carakan
* Pegon
* Latin

Notable variant|

| Standardized|

* Kawi
* Modern Standard Javanese

|

Regional dialects|

* Arekan
* Malang
* Surabaya
* Bantenese
* Banyumasan
* Cirebon
* Mataraman
* Madiunan
* Semarangan
* Surakarta
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* New Caledonian
* Surinamese
* Osing
* Tenggerese

Related|

* Literature
* Names
* Numerals
* Javanese Language Congress
* Javanese historical texts
* Javanese poetry
* Krama Inggil

Letters of the Javanese script

Nglegena
consonants|

* Ha (ꦲ)
* Na (ꦤ)
* Ca (ꦕ)
* Ra (ꦫ)
* Ka (ꦏ)
* Da (ꦢ)
* Ta (ꦠ)
* Sa (ꦱ)
* Wa (ꦮ)
* La (ꦭ)
* Pa (ꦥ)
* Dha (ꦢ)
* Ja (ꦗ)
* Ya (ꦪ)
* Nya (ꦚ)
* Ma (ꦩ)
* Ga (ꦒ)
* Ba (ꦧ)
* Tha (ꦛ)
* Nga (ꦔ)

Murda
consonants|

* Ka murda (ꦑ)
* Ga murda (ꦓ)
* Na murda (ꦟ)
* Ta murda (ꦡ)
* Pa murda (ꦦ)
* Ba murda (ꦨ)
* Sa murda (ꦯ)
* Seldom used: Ca murda (ꦖ)
* Nya murda (ꦘ)

Extended
consonants|

* Often used: Pa cerek (ꦉ)
* Nga lelet (ꦊ)
* Seldom used: Nga lelet Raswadi (ꦋ)
* Ra agung (ꦬ)
* Ka sasak (ꦐ)
* Ja mahaprana (ꦙ)
* Tha mahaprana (ꦜ)
* Dha mahaprana (ꦞ)
* Da mahaprana (ꦣ)
* Sa mahaprana (ꦰ)

Final and Medial
Consonants|

* Cecak (ꦁ)
* Layar (ꦂ)
* Wignyan/visarga (ꦃ)
* Cakra (ꦿ)
* Cakra keret (ꦽ)
* Pengkal (ꦾ)
* Pangkon/virama (꧀)

Vowels|

* Wulu (ꦶ)
* Suku (ꦸ)
* Pepet (ꦼ)
* Taling (ꦺ)
* Tarung (ꦴ)
* Tolong (ꦵ)
* Dirga mure (ꦻ)
* Wulu melik (ꦷ)
* Suku mendut (ꦹ)
* Foreign: A (ꦄ)
* I (ꦆ)
* U (ꦈ)
* E (ꦌ)
* Ai (ꦍ)
* O (ꦎ)

Numbers|

* 0 (꧐)
* 1 (꧑)
* 2 (꧒)
* 3 (꧓)
* 4 (꧔)
* 5 (꧕)
* 6 (꧖)
* 7 (꧗)
* 8 (꧘)
* 9 (꧙)
* Pada pangkat (꧇)

Punctuations|

* Pada lingsa (꧈)
* Pada lungsi (꧉)
* Pada adeg (꧊)
* Pada adeg-adeg (꧋)
* Pada piseleh (꧌ and ꧍)
* Pada luhur (꧅)
* Pada madya (꧄)
* Pada andhap (꧃)
* Pada tirta tumetes (꧞)
* Pada isen-isen (꧟)
* Pada windu (꧆)
* Pangrangkep (ꧏ)
* Cecak telu (꦳)
* Panyangga (ꦀ)
* Rerenggan (꧁ and ꧂)

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