Sacalia

Genus of turtles

Sacalia

Sacalia quadriocellata
Scientific classification
Kingdom:  | Animalia
Phylum:  | Chordata
Class:  | Reptilia
Order:  | Testudines
Suborder:  | Cryptodira
Superfamily:  | Testudinoidea
Family:  | Geoemydidae
Subfamily:  | Geoemydinae
Genus:  | Sacalia
Gray, 1870[1]

Sacalia is a genus of turtles in the family Geoemydidae (formerly Bataguridae). The genus was erected by John Edward Gray in 1870. The Sacalia is native to Southereastern China, Laos, and Vietnam. It was declared an endangered turtle species by the IUCN Red List due to its illegal trade.[2] The sacalia has a carapace of dark-brown color that permits it to camouflage to its habitat. They are believed to select the area of a river that better matches their color.[3]

## Species

[edit]

Two species are recognized.[1]

* Sacalia bealei, Beale's eyed turtle or Beale's four-eyed turtle
* Sacalia quadriocellata, four-eyed turtle

## Hybridization

[edit]

What was described as a new species, Sacalia pseudocellata, Chinese false-eyed turtle, is actually a hybrid of a male Cuora trifasciata and a female Sacalia quadriocellata.[4]

## References

[edit]

Wikispecies has information related to Sacalia.

1. ^ a b ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System). www.itis.gov.
2. ^ Le, M., McCormack, T., Hoang, H., Duong, H., Nguyen, T., Ziegler, T., Nguyen, H., & Ngo, H. (2020). Threats from wildlife trade: The importance of genetic data in safeguarding the endangered Four-eyed Turtle (Sacalia quadriocellata). Nature Conservation, 41(2), 91–111. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.41.54661
3. ^ Xiao, F., Yang, C., Shi, H., Wang, J., Sun, L., & Lin, L. (2016). Background matching and camouflage efficiency predict population density in four-eyed turtle (Sacalia quadriocellata). Behavioural Processes, 131, 40–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2016.08.007
4. ^ Stuart, Bryan L. & Parham, James F. (2007). "Recent hybrid origin of three rare Chinese turtles". Conservation Genetics. 8 (1): 169-175.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Gray, John Edward (1870). Supplement to the Catalogue of Shield Reptiles in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Testudinata (Tortoises). With Figures of the Skulls of 36 Genera. London: Trustees of the British Museum. (Taylor and Francis). x + 120 pp. (Genus Sacalia, p. 35).

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Family Geoemydidae

* Kingdom: Animalia
* Phylum: Chordata
* Class: Reptilia
* Subclass: Anapsida
* Order: Testudines
* Suborder: Cryptodira
* Superfamily: Testudinoidea
* Family: Geoemydidae

Genera|

Species of the family Geoemydidae

†Banhxeochelys|

* †Banhxeochelys trani

Batagur|

* Burmese roofed turtle
* Northern river terrapin
* Painted terrapin
* Red-crowned roofed turtle
* Southern river terrapin
* Three-striped roofed turtle

Cuora|

* Amboina box turtle
* Bourret's box turtle
* Indochinese box turtle
* McCord's box turtle
* Keeled box turtle
* Pan's box turtle
* Southern Vietnamese box turtle
* Golden coin turtle
* Vietnamese three-striped box turtle
* Yellow-headed box turtle
* Chinese box turtle
* Yunnan box turtle
* Zhou's box turtle

Cyclemys|

* Asian leaf turtle
* Assam leaf turtle
* Eastern black-bridged leaf turtle
* Enigmatic leaf turtle
* Myanmar brown leaf turtle
* Oldham's leaf turtle
* Western black-bridged leaf turtle

†Echmatemys|

* †Echmatemys septaria
* †Echmatemys stevensoniana
* †Echmatemys wyomingensis

Geoclemys|

* Black pond turtle

Geoemyda|

* Black-breasted leaf turtle
* Ryukyu black-breasted leaf turtle

Hardella|

* Brahminy river turtle

Heosemys|

* Arakan forest turtle
* Giant Asian pond turtle
* Spiny turtle
* Yellow-headed temple turtle

Leucocephalon|

* Sulawesi forest turtle

Malayemys|

* Malayan snail-eating turtle
* Mekong snail-eating turtle
* Khorat snail-eating turtle

Mauremys|

* Balkan pond turtle
* Caspian turtle
* Chinese pond turtle
* Chinese stripe-necked turtle
* Japanese pond turtle
* Red-necked pond turtle
* Spanish pond turtle
* Vietnamese pond turtle
* Yellow pond turtle

Melanochelys|

* Indian black turtle
* Tricarinate hill turtle

Morenia|

* Burmese eyed turtle
* Indian eyed turtle

Notochelys|

* Malayan flat-shelled turtle

Orlitia|

* Malaysian giant turtle

Pangshura|

* Assam roofed turtle
* Brown roofed turtle
* Indian roofed turtle
* Indian tent turtle
* †Pangshura tatrotia

Rhinoclemmys|

* Black wood turtle
* Brown wood turtle
* Colombian wood turtle
* Furrowed wood turtle
* Large-nosed wood turtle
* Maracaibo wood turtle
* Mexican spotted wood turtle
* Painted wood turtle
* Spot-legged wood turtle
* †Rhinoclemmys panamaensis

Sacalia|

* Beale's eyed turtle
* Four-eyed turtle

Siebenrockiella|

* Black marsh turtle
* Philippine forest turtle

Vijayachelys|

* Cane turtle

Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based on turtles of the world 2017 update: Annotated checklist and atlas of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status. †=Extinct.

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Testudines

* Kingdom: Animalia
* Phylum: Chordata
* Class: Reptilia
* Clade: Diapsida
* Order: Testudines

Suborder|

| Superfamily|

| Family|

Genus

Cryptodira|

| Chelonioidea
(Sea turtles)|

| Cheloniidae|

* †Allopleuron
* Caretta
* †Carolinochelys
* Chelonia
* †Eochelone
* Eretmochelys
* †Gigantatypus
* †Glarichelys
* †Itilochelys
* Lepidochelys
* †Mexichelys
* †Miocaretta
* Natator
* †Pacifichelys
* †Syllomus
* †Tasbacka

|

Dermochelyidae|

* †Arabemys
* †Corsochelys
* †Cosmochelys
* Dermochelys
* †Eosphargis
* †Mesodermochelys
* †Psephophorus

* †Euclastes
* †Peritresius
* †Procolpochelys
* †Protosphargis
* †Puppigerus

Kinosternoidea|

| Dermatemydidae|

* Dermatemys

|

Kinosternidae|

* Claudius
* †Hoplochelys
* Kinosternon
* Staurotypus
* Sternotherus

Testudinoidea|

| Emydidae|

* †Acherontemys
* Chrysemys
* Clemmys
* Deirochelys
* Emys
* Actinemys
* Emydoidea
* Glyptemys
* Graptemys
* Malaclemys
* Pseudemys
* Terrapene
* Trachemys
* †Wilburemys

|

Geoemydidae|

* Batagur
* †Banhxeochelys
* Cuora
* Cyclemys
* Geoclemys
* Geoemyda
* Hardella
* Heosemys
* Leucocephalon
* Malayemys
* Mauremys
* Melanochelys
* Morenia
* Notochelys
* Orlitia
* Pangshura
* Rhinoclemmys
* Sacalia
* Siebenrockiella
* Vijayachelys

Platysternidae|

* Platysternon

Testudinidae|

* Aldabrachelys
* Astrochelys
* Centrochelys
* Chelonoidis
* Chersina
* Cylindraspis
* †Cymatholcus
* †Floridemys
* Geochelone
* Gopherus
* †Hadrianus
* †Hesperotestudo
* Homopus
* Indotestudo
* Kinixys
* Malacochersus
* Manouria
* †Megalochelys
* †Oligopherus
* Psammobates
* Pyxis
* †Solitudo
* Stigmochelys
* †Stylemys
* Testudo

Trionychia|

| Carettochelyidae|

* †Allaeochelys
* †Anosteira
* Carettochelys

|

Trionychidae|

* Amyda
* Apalone
* †Axestemys
* Chitra
* Cyclanorbis
* Cycloderma
* †Drazinderetes
* Dogania
* †Gilmoremys
* †Hutchemys
* †Khunnuchelys
* Lissemys
* Nilssonia
* Palea
* †Palaeoamyda
* Pelochelys
* Pelodiscus
* Rafetus
* Trionyx

* †Basilochelys
* †Sinaspideretes

| Chelydridae|

* Chelydra
* †Chelydrops
* †Chelydropsis
* †Emarginachelys
* †Macrocephalochelys
* Macrochelys
* †Planiplastron
* †Protochelydra

|

†Nanhsiungchelyidae|

* †Anomalochelys
* †Basilemys
* †Jiangxichelys

†Protostegidae|

* †Alienochelys
* †Archelon
* †Atlantochelys
* †Bouliachelys
* †Calcarichelys
* †Cratochelone
* †Desmatochelys
* †Iserosaurus
* †Notochelone
* †Ocepechelon
* †Pneumatoarthrus
* †Protostega
* †Rhinochelys
* †Santanachelys
* †Terlinguachelys

* †Adocus
* †Argillochelys
* †Bashuchelys
* †Ctenochelys
* †Prionochelys
* †Toxochelys

Pleurodira|

|  |

| †Araripemydidae|

* †Araripemys

|

†Bothremydidae|

* †Araiochelys
* †Arenila
* †Azabbaremys
* †Bothremys
* †Cearachelys
* †Chedighaii
* †Chupacabrachelys
* †Eotaphrosphys
* †Foxemys
* †Galianemys
* †Ilatardia
* †Inaechelys
* †Itapecuruemys
* †Jainemys
* †Kinkonychelys
* †Kurmademys
* †Labrostochelys
* †Nigeremys
* †Phosphatochelys
* †Polysternon
* †Puentemys
* †Rosasia
* †Rhothonemys
* †Sankuchemys
* †Taphrosphys
* †Ummulisani
* †Zolhafah

Chelidae|

* Acanthochelys
* Chelodina
* Chelus
* Elseya
* Elusor
* Emydura
* Hydromedusa
* †Lomalatachelys
* Mesoclemmys
* Myuchelys
* Phrynops
* Platemys
* †Prochelidella
* Pseudemydura
* Rheodytes
* Rhinemys
* †Yaminuechelys

Pelomedusidae|

* Pelomedusa
* Pelusios

Podocnemididae|

* †Albertwoodemys
* †Bauruemys
* †Brontochelys
* †Caninemys
* †Carbonemys
* †Cerrejonemys
* †Cordichelys
* Erymnochelys
* †Lapparentemys
* †Latentemys
* Peltocephalus
* Podocnemis
* †Stupendemys

†Sahonachelyidae|

* †Sahonachelys
* †Sokatra

|  |

|  |

* †Caribemys
* †Caririemys
* †Tacuarembemys

|

* Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based on Turtles of the World 2017 Update: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status. † = extinct.

* See also List of Testudines families

Taxon identifiers

Sacalia|

* Wikidata: Q2396266
* Wikispecies: Sacalia
* ADW: Sacalia
* BOLD: 191065
* CoL: 63RL7
* EoL: 35997
* GBIF: 2443456
* iNaturalist: 39920
* IRMNG: 1418004
* ITIS: 551759
* NCBI: 74933
* Open Tree of Life: 105475
* Paleobiology Database: 137545

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