Sadakazu Tanigaki

Japanese politician

Sadakazu Tanigaki

谷垣 禎一

Secretary General of the Liberal Democratic Party
In office
3 September 2014 – 3 August 2016
Leader| Shinzō Abe
Preceded by| Shigeru Ishiba
Succeeded by| Toshihiro Nikai
Minister of Justice
In office
26 December 2012 – 3 September 2014
Prime Minister| Shinzō Abe
Preceded by| Makoto Taki
Succeeded by| Midori Matsushima
Leader of the Opposition
In office
28 September 2009 – 26 September 2012
Prime Minister| Yukio Hatoyama
Naoto Kan
Yoshihiko Noda
Preceded by| Yukio Hatoyama
Succeeded by| Shinzō Abe
President of the Liberal Democratic Party
In office
28 September 2009 – 26 September 2012
Vice President| Tadamori Oshima
Preceded by| Tarō Asō
Succeeded by| Shinzō Abe
Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
In office
2 August 2008 – 24 September 2008
Prime Minister| Yasuo Fukuda
Preceded by| Tetsuzo Fuyushiba
Succeeded by| Nariaki Nakayama
Minister of Finance
In office
22 September 2003 – 26 September 2006
Prime Minister| Junichiro Koizumi
Preceded by| Masajuro Shiokawa
Succeeded by| Kōji Omi
Personal details
Born|  (1945-03-07) 7 March 1945 (age 78)
Fukuchiyama, Kyoto, Japanese Empire
Political party| Liberal Democratic Party
Alma mater| University of Tokyo
Website| Official website

Sadakazu Tanigaki (谷垣 禎一, Tanigaki Sadakazu, born 7 March 1945) is a Japanese politician who served as a member of the House of Representatives from 1983 to 2016, as Minister of Finance from 2003 to 2006, as President of the Liberal Democratic Party and Leader of the Opposition from 2009 to 2012, as Minister of Justice from 2012 to 2014, and as LDP Secretary-General from 2014 to 2016. He was only the second LDP leader who was not simultaneously Prime Minister of Japan. He retired from politics following a spinal cord injury in 2016 that saw him using a wheelchair.

## Early life and education[edit]

Tanigaki was born in Fukuchiyama on 7 March 1945. He attended Azabu High School. He graduated from the faculty of law at the University of Tokyo in 1974, and worked as a secretary for his father, who was the then minister of education. He went on to pass the Japanese bar examination in 1979, specializing in tax law, and he registered as an attorney in 1982 after completing his legal training.[1]

## Political career[edit]

Tanigaki was prepared for a legal career after close to ten years of study, but his father, who represented the 2nd district in Kyoto, died in 1983. Tanigaki moved to Kyoto to run for his father's seat. He briefly headed the Science and Technology Agency in 1997. Under the then prime minister Koizumi, he served in a number of positions, including the Financial Reconstruction Commission, the National Public Safety Commission, and ultimately as Minister of Finance from 22 September 2003 to 26 September 2006. Since 2002, Tanigaki has led a minor faction in the Liberal Democratic Party, formerly part of the Kōchikai faction, with 11 members in the lower house and 4 in the upper house.[citation needed]

Tanigaki declared his candidacy for the LDP presidency on July 28, 2006, but came in third place in a three-way race against Shinzō Abe and Tarō Asō. Tanigaki was viewed as the "moderate" candidate in the race, mainly due to his foreign policy views: unlike Abe and Asō, he stated that he would not continue visits to Yasukuni Shrine if he became prime minister, which made him a more attractive candidate among LDP leaders who sought better relations with Chinese and Korean leadership. Tanigaki is affiliated to the openly revisionist lobby Nippon Kaigi, which advocates visits of Prime Ministers to the controversial shrine.[citation needed]

On 24 September 2007, Tanigaki was named chief policymaker of the LDP by newly elected party president Yasuo Fukuda.[2] He was subsequently appointed as minister of construction and transport on 1 August 2008.[3]

### Opposition leader (2009-2012)[edit]

On 28 September 2009, he was elected by his party as LDP leader to replace former prime minister Tarō Asō after the Democratic Party of Japan achieved a landslide election result in the 2009 general election and took government from the LDP.[4]

In the early period of the Democratic Party of Japan government, Tanigaki frequently condemned the DPJ for advocating for a rise in the sales taxes by 5 percent, in spite of the enormous, problematic national deficit,[5] and despite his own past calls to increase the tax.[6][7]

To gain a potential legislative LDP-coalition majority, he attempted an unsuccessful no-confidence motion against Naoto Kan in June 2011,[8] after refusing Kan's earlier offers of a grand coalition.[9]

In 2012, the LDP under Tanigaki worked with prime minister Yoshihiko Noda of the ruling DPJ to pass an increase in the consumption tax from the current 5% to 8% in April 2014 and 10% in October 2015.[10] He agreed not to introduce a no-confidence motion or a censure motion against Noda, in return for Noda's promise to hold elections "soon."[11] On 28 August 2012, soon after the consumption tax bills were passed through the diet a censure motion was passed by the LDP and the New Komeito Party against Prime Minister Noda. The opposition parties were to boycott debate in the chamber, meaning that new bills passed in the DPJ-controlled House of Representatives could not be enacted.[12]

Tanigaki had expected to be re-elected as LDP head unopposed in 2012, but former Prime Minister Shinzō Abe and several others suggested that they could run against him.[13] He lost the party election to Abe on 26 September 2012.[14] As a result, he became only the second LDP leader, after Yōhei Kōno (1993–1995), who never served as Prime Minister.

### Abe government (2012-2016)[edit]

Following the LDP's victory in the 2012 general election, Abe appointed his three rivals from the LDP leadership contest to cabinet posts, with Tanigaki serving as Minister of Justice.[15]

Abe appointed Tanigaki to serve as LDP Secretary-General in September 2014, placing Tanigaki in charge of the party's campaign strategy.[16] In this post, Tanigaki continued to have weekly meetings with Abe, in which he provided constructive criticism of Abe's policy agenda. He agreed not to stand against Abe in the 2015 LDP leadership election despite their intense personal rivalry and differing political philosophies.[17]

### Injury and retirement[edit]

Tanigaki injured his spinal cord in a bicycle accident in July 2016, and remained hospitalized as of September 2017.[18] He stayed out of the public eye during his hospitalization, and was rumored to be planning a comeback to politics as of mid-2017,[19] but decided not to run in the 2017 general election due to his physical condition.[18] He made his first public appearance after the accident in October 2018, and addressed the Liberal Democratic Party Convention from a wheelchair in February 2019.[20] The LDP approached him to run in the 2019 House of Councillors election, but he turned down the request, stating that he would focus on his rehabilitation.[21]

## Honours[edit]

* Japan:
* Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (2019)

## References[edit]

1. ^ Japan Times, "Fukuda's new lineup", 3 August 2008.
2. ^ "Fukuda appoints Ibuki as secretary-general, Tanigaki as policy chief"[permanent dead link], mdn.mainichi-msn.co.jp, 24 September 2007.
3. ^ "Fukuda overhauls Cabinet/LDP executive shakeup also elevates Aso to party No. 2" Archived October 16, 2008, at archive.today, yomiuri.co.jp, 2 August 2008.
4. ^ Opposition LDP picks Tanigaki as new leader as it tackles renewal Kyodo News, 28 September 2009
5. ^ "Tanigaki: DPJ ripped us off LDP chief accuses ruling party of stealing idea to double sales tax", japantimes.co.jp, 19 June 2010; retrieved 15 August 2012.
6. ^ "Hiking consumption tax 'unavoidable', Tanigaki says", 14 October 2005; retrieved 15 August 2012.
7. ^ "Tanigaki pitches 8% sales tax by '11", japantimes.co.jp, 4 August 2006; retrieved 15 August 2012.
8. ^ BBC "Japan Prime Minister Naoto Kan survives challenge", bbc.co.uk, 2 June 2011; retrieved 15 August 2012.
9. ^ "LDP resists 'grand coalition'/Party willing to help with disaster efforts--but not within Cabinet", yomiuri.co.jp, 21 March 2011; retrieved 15 August 2012.
10. ^ Forbes magazine Japan Confronts Fiscal Reality: Consumption Tax Hike Agreed 9 June 2012 Retrieved on August 15, 2012
11. ^ "Loophole Could Thwart Japan Sales-Tax Rise", wsj.com, 14 August 2012; retrieved 15 August 2012
12. ^ "Japan's Prime Minister Hit With Censure Motion", wsj.com, 29 August 2012; retrieved 29 August 2012.
13. ^ Profile, yomiuri.co.jp, 29 August 2012; retrieved 29 August 2012.
14. ^ Asahi Shimbun "Former PM Abe returns to lead LDP, angers S. Koreans" Archived October 20, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, 26 September 2012; retrieved 26 September 2012.
15. ^ "Japanese PM keeps allies close in new cabinet". www.abc.net.au. December 26, 2012. Retrieved September 11, 2020.
16. ^ "UPDATE 4-Japan PM Abe appoints China-friendly lawmakers to key posts". Reuters. September 3, 2014. Retrieved September 11, 2020.
17. ^ "Abe's party rival takes on role of loyal critic". Nikkei Asian Review. Retrieved September 11, 2020.
18. ^ a b "Ex-LDP leader Tanigaki won't seek re-election in Lower House poll owing to spinal cord injury". The Japan Times Online. September 21, 2017. ISSN 0447-5763. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
19. ^ "Abe's Biggest Rival to Run Japan May Come From His Own Party". Bloomberg.com. August 15, 2017. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
20. ^ "Disabled LDP heavyweight Tanigaki tells party convention 'Paralympic athletes will inspire me'". Mainichi Daily News. February 11, 2019. Retrieved September 11, 2020.
21. ^ "Retired Tanigaki Rejects LDP Request for Running in Upper House Election". nippon.com. March 13, 2019. Retrieved September 11, 2020.

## External links[edit]

Political offices

Preceded by

Masajuro Shiokawa

|  Minister of Finance
2003–2006  | Succeeded by

Kōji Omi

Preceded by

Tetsuzo Fuyushiba

|  Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
2008  | Succeeded by

Nariaki Nakayama

Preceded by

Makoto Taki

|  Minister of Justice
2012–2014  | Succeeded by

Midori Matsushima

Party political offices
Preceded by

Tarō Asō

|  President of the Liberal Democratic Party
2009–2012  | Succeeded by

Shinzo Abe

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