Sailing (sport)

Amateur or professional competitive sport

For other uses, see Sailing (disambiguation).

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Sailing

Sailor María José Poncell at the 2024 Summer Olympics

Highest governing body| World Sailing
Nicknames| Sailboat racing
First played| 18th century
Characteristics
Contact| No
Mixed-sex| Mixed
Type| Outdoor
Presence
Olympic| 1900, 1908–present[1]
Paralympic| Demonstration sport in 1996, official sport from 2000-2016
Pictogram for Sailing at the Summer Olympics

The sport of sailing involves a variety of competitive sailing formats that are sanctioned through various sailing federations and yacht clubs. Racing disciplines include matches within a fleet of sailing craft, between a pair thereof or among teams. Additionally, there are specialized competitions that include setting speed records. Racing formats include both closed courses and point-to-point contests; they may be in sheltered waters, along coasts, or on the open ocean. Most competitions are held within defined classes or ratings that either entail one type of sailing craft to ensure a contest primarily of skill or rating the sailing craft to create classifications or handicaps.

On the water, a sailing competition among multiple vessels is called a regatta. A regatta consists of multiple individual races. The boat crew that performs best over the series of races is the overall winner. There is a broad variety of races and of sailboats used for racing, from large yacht to dinghy racing. Much racing is done around buoys or similar marks in protected waters, while some longer offshore races cross open water. Boats used for racing include small dinghies, catamarans, boats designed primarily for cruising, and purpose-built raceboats. The Racing Rules of Sailing govern the conduct of yacht racing, windsurfing, kitesurfing, model boat racing, dinghy racing, and virtually any other form of racing around a course with more than one vessel while powered by the wind.

The Barcolana regatta of the Italian yacht club Società Velica di Barcola e Grignano is currently the Guinness World Record holder as the "largest sailing race" with 2,689 boats and over 16,000 sailors at the starting line.[2]

## Membership

[edit]

### International federation

[edit]

Main article: World Sailing

The International Olympic Committee recognizes World Sailing (WS) as the world governing body for the sport of sailing yacht racing. WS was formed in 1904 as the International Yacht Racing Union and then called the International Sailing Federation until rebranding 2014.

### National federations

[edit]

Further information: Category:National members of World Sailing

### Yacht clubs

[edit]

Windjammer Parade at Kiel Week in Germany, the world's biggest regatta and sailing event

Main article: Yacht club

Many town yacht clubs maintain their own racing teams for both juniors and adults. Often several yacht clubs will get together to hold events that can include more than 100 entered boats per race making up the regatta. Often both adults and juniors sail the same classes of boat.

## Event disciplines

[edit]

### Fleet racing

[edit]

Fleet races can have anywhere from four boats to hundreds in a race. A regatta must comprise at least three races to be counted. Each boat's ranking in each race is added to compile a final score. The lowest scorer wins.

### Match racing

[edit]

Main article: Match race

In match racing only two boats compete against each other. The best known competition of this type is the America's Cup. The tactics involved in match racing are different from those of other races, because the objective is merely to arrive at the finish line before the opponent rather than as fast as possible. The tactics involved at the start are also special.[3]

### Team racing

[edit]

Team racing is most often between two teams of three boats each. It involves similar technique to match racing but has the added dimension that it is the overall scoring of the race that matters. In three on three team racing, this means that the team that scores ten or less points wins. For this reason, many tactics are used to advance teammates to make stable combinations for winning. The stable combinations most commonly sought are "Play one", which is 1-2-anything, "Play two" or 2-3-4, and "Play 4", a 1-4-5 combination. These are generally regarded as the best setups to win and the hardest for the opposing team to play offense against.

### Speed Sailing

[edit]

Is managed by World Speed Sailing Record Council

### Wave riding

[edit]

Is common to board sports.

### Others

[edit]

Both windsurfing and kiteboarding are experimenting with new formats.

## Common race formats

[edit]

### Short course racing

[edit]

This article contains instructions or advice. Wikipedia is not a guidebook; please help rewrite the content to make it more encyclopedic or move it to Wikiversity, Wikibooks, or Wikivoyage. (March 2017)

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A 1D35 near the race committee boat, Humber Bay, Toronto, Ontario

Harbor or buoy races are conducted in protected waters, and are quite short, usually taking anywhere from a few minutes to a few hours. All sorts of sailing craft are used for these races, including keel-boats of all sizes, as well as dinghies, trailer sailors, catamarans, skiffs, sailboards, and other small craft.

This kind of race is most commonly run over one or more laps of a triangular course marked by a number of buoys. The course starts from an imaginary line drawn from a 'committee boat' to the designated 'starting' buoy or 'pin'. A number of warning signals are given telling the crews exactly how long until the race starts. The aim of each crew is to cross the start line at full speed exactly as the race starts. A course generally involves tacking upwind to a 'windward' marker or buoy. Then bearing away onto a downwind leg to a second jibe marker. Next another jibe on a second downwind leg to the last mark which is called the 'downwind mark' (or 'leeward mark'). At this mark the boats turn into wind once again to tack to the finish line.

The most famous and longest running of these events are:

* Olympics
* America's Cup
* Cowes Week
* Mug Race

### Coastal/Inshore racing

[edit]

Inshore racing is yacht racing not in protected waters but along and generally within sight of land or from land to nearby islands, as distinct from offshore racing across open water and oceans. The duration of races may be daylight only, overnight or passage races of several days. Some races, such as the Swiftsure Yacht Race, are actually a group of inshore races of various distances along overlapping courses to allow for different classes and skills. Depending on location, stability and safety equipment requirements will be more extensive than for harbor racing, but less so than for offshore racing. Different levels of requirement for navigation, sleeping cooking and water storage also apply.

### Offshore racing

[edit]

The Yacht Race, an 1872 print

Offshore yacht races are held over long distances and in open water; such races usually last for at least a number of hours. The longest offshore races involve a circumnavigation of the world.

Some of the most famous offshore races are as follows

* Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race[4]
* OSTAR (Single-Handed Trans Atlantic Race)
* Transpacific Yacht Race
* Fastnet Race[5]
* Bermuda Race
* Hamilton Island Race Week
* Chicago Yacht Club Race to Mackinac
* Governors Cup [6]
* South Atlantic Race [7]

### Oceanic racing

[edit]

Several fully crewed round-the-world races are held, including:

* The Ocean Race (formerly known as the Whitbread Round the World Race and the Volvo Ocean Race)
* Global Challenge
* Clipper Round the World Yacht Race

South African yacht clubs organise the South Atlantic Race (the former Cape to Rio race), the Governor's Cup from Cape Town to St. Helena Island, and a race between Durban and Mauritius.

Single-handed ocean yacht racing began with the race across the Atlantic Ocean by William Albert Andrews and Josiah W. Lawlor in 1891; however, the first regular single-handed ocean race was the Single-Handed Trans-Atlantic Race, first held in 1960. The first round-the-world yacht race was the Sunday Times Golden Globe Race of 1968–1969, which was also a single-handed race with the only winner, Robin Knox-Johnston on Suhaili; this inspired the present-day Velux 5 Oceans Race (formerly the BOC Challenge / Around Alone) and the Vendée Globe. Single-handed racing has seen a great boom in popularity in recent years.

There is some controversy about the legality of sailing single-handed over long distances, as the navigation rules require "that every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper lookout..."; single-handed sailors can only keep a sporadic lookout, due to the need to sleep, tend to navigation, etc.[8]

### Other races

[edit]

Certain races do not fit in the above categories. One such is the Three peaks yacht race in the UK which is a team competition involving sailing, cycling and running.

Further information: Random leg course

## Classes and ratings

[edit]

Further information: Category:Classes of World Sailing

Preparation for a dinghy race (SAP 505 World Championship). The 5O5 (pronounced five-oh-five) is named for its 5.05 metres (16.6 ft) length.

Many design factors have a large impact on the speed at which a boat can complete a course, including the size of a boat's sails, its length, and the weight and shape of its hull. Because of these differences, it can be difficult to compare the skills of the sailors in a race if they are sailing very different boats. For most forms of yacht racing, one of two solutions to this problem are used: either all boats are required to race on a first to finish basis (these groups of boats are called classes), or a handicapping system is used which implements correction factors.

### Manufacturer controlled classes

[edit]

Each class has a detailed set of specifications that must be met for the boat to be considered a member of that class. Some classes (e.g.the Laser) have very tight specifications ensuring that there is virtually no difference between the boats (except for age) - these classes are sometimes called strict one-design.

In one-design racing all boats must conform to the same standard, the class rules, thus emphasizing the skill of the skipper and crew rather than having the results depend on equipment superiority.

This kind of class is most commonly with a brand, as occurs with Laser Performance, RS Sailing, Melges and J/Boats.

### Measurement controlled classes

[edit]

Popular International Classes include the Optimist, 470, Snipe and Etchells.

### Measurement classes box rule

[edit]

A box rule specifies a maximum overall size for boats in the class, as well as features such as stability. Competitors in these classes are then free to enter their own boat designs, as long as they do not exceed the box rule. No handicap is then applied.

* International One Metre
* Class 40
* TP 52
* Open 60

### Measurement development classes

[edit]

* Moth
* International 14

### Measurement formula-based classes

[edit]

A construction class is based on a formula or set of restrictions which the boat's measurements must fit to be accepted to the class. Resulting boats are all unique, yet (ideally) relatively close in size and performance. Perhaps the most popular and enduring construction formula is The Metre Rule, around which several still popular classes were designed. With the 12 Metre being the most famous due to its involvement in the America's Cup.

### Handicap racing

[edit]

When all the yachts in a race are not members of the same class, then a handicap is used to adjust the times of boats. The handicap attempts to specify a "normal" speed for each boat, usually based either on measurements taken of the boat, or on the past record of that kind of boat. Each boat is timed over the specified course. After it has finished, the handicap is used to adjust each boat's finishing time. The results are based on this sum.

Popular handicapping systems include

* ORCi
* ORC Club
* IRC (Sailing)
* PHRF
* Portsmouth Yardstick

Earlier popular rating systems include IOR and IMS.

## Gender criteria

[edit]

The majority of sailing events are "open" events in which males and females compete together on equal terms either as individuals or part of team. Sailing has had female only World Championships since the 1970s to encourage participation and now hosts more than 30 such World Championship titles each year. For the 2016 Olympics in Rio, compulsory mixed gender in the event were added for the first time.

## Additional criteria

[edit]

In addition the following criteria are sometimes applied to events:

* Age
* Nationality
* Disabled Classification
* Sailor Classification

## See also

[edit]

* Sports portal

* Dinghy racing
* Former Olympic sailing classes
* Olympic sailing classes
* Retired after finishing

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Olympic Studies Centre (March 2015). "SAILING: History of Sailing at the Olympic Games" (PDF). stillmed.olympic.org. International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-03-07. Retrieved 2017-03-07.
2. ^ Barcolana, the largest regatta in the world is presented in London
3. ^ "Pre-Start Routines". Archived from the original on August 25, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
4. ^ Rolex Sydney Hobart Yacht Race, 630 nm
5. ^ Royal Ocean Racing Club
6. ^ The Governor's Cup, Cape Town to St. Helena Island, 1690 nautical miles (nm)
7. ^ Heineken Cape to Bahia Race (South Atlantic Race), 3500 nm Archived 2009-06-08 at the Wayback Machine
8. ^ Schanen, Bill. "Keeping a lookout is easier said than done". Sailing Magazine. Archived from the original on 2006-05-08. Retrieved February 13, 2006.

## External links

[edit]

* International Paralympic Committee page on sailing

* v
* t
* e

Summer Olympic sports

Mandatory sports|

* Aquatics
* Artistic
* Diving
* Marathon Swimming
* Swimming
* Water polo
* Archery
* Athletics
* Badminton
* Basketball
* 3x3
* Boxing
* Canoeing
* Canoe slalom
* Canoe sprint
* Cycling
* BMX racing
* Freestyle BMX
* Mountain biking
* Road cycling
* Track cycling
* Equestrian
* Dressage
* Eventing
* Show jumping
* Fencing
* Field hockey
* Football
* Golf
* Gymnastics
* Artistic gymnastics
* Rhythmic gymnastics
* Trampolining
* Handball
* Judo
* Modern pentathlon
* Rowing
* Rugby sevens
* Sailing
* Shooting
* Skateboarding
* Sport climbing
* Surfing
* Table tennis
* Taekwondo
* Tennis
* Triathlon
* Volleyball
* Beach volleyball
* Weightlifting
* Wrestling
* Freestyle wrestling
* Greco-Roman wrestling

Discretionary sports|

* Baseball / Softball
* Cricket
* Flag football
* Lacrosse
* Squash

* See also: Paralympic sports and Winter Olympic sports

* v
* t
* e

Sailing dinghies

Dinghies under 10 ft|

* Cape Cod Frosty
* Flipper (US)
* Frog
* El Toro
* Fatty Knees
* Fly
* Holdfast Trainer
* Manly Junior
* Minto
* Montgomery 7-11
* Naples Sabot
* O'PEN Skiff
* Optimist
* P Class
* Pelican
* Sabot
* Shrimp
* Starling
* Tadpole
* Topaz Taz
* US Sabot
* Zoom 8

Dinghies under 15 ft|

| 0–K|

* 10ft Skiff
* 12 foot dinghy
* 125
* 145
* 12ft Skiff
* 29er
* 29erXX skiff
* 2000
* 3000
* 420
* 470
* American 14.6
* ASC
* B14
* Banshee
* Beetle Cat
* Beneteau First 14
* Beneteau Wizz
* Bermuda Fitted Dinghy
* Beverly Dinghy
* Barnett 1400
* Blaze
* Blue Crab 11
* Blue Jay
* Bombardier 3.8
* Bombardier Invitation
* Bosun
* British Moth
* Bullet 14
* Buzz
* Byte
* Cadet
* Capri Cyclone
* Cherub
* C-Lark
* Comet (UK)
* Coypu
* Dabchick
* Dart
* Designers Choice
* Dolphin 15 Senior
* Echo 12
* Enterprise
* Europe
* Envy
* Farr 3.7
* Finn
* Firefly
* Flying Ant
* Flying Eleven
* Force 5
* GP14
* Graduate
* Griffon
* Gull
* Howmar 12
* Heron
* Houdini
* Idle-along
* Impulse
* Interclub Dinghy
* International 14
* International FJ
* Javelin (NZ)
* Javelin (US)
* Jet 14
* Jollyboat (NZ)
* Kite

|

L–Z|

* Lark
* Laser Standard
* Laser 2
* Laser 3000
* Laser 4.7
* Laser 5000
* Laser Pico
* Laser Radial
* Laser Vago
* Laser Vortex
* Lehman 12
* Lehman Interclub
* Lido 14
* Mark
* Marlin
* Melges 14
* Merlin Rocket
* Metaf
* Metcalf
* MG14
* Minisail
* Miracle
* Mirror
* Montgomery 7-11
* Montgomery 12
* Moth
* Musto Skiff
* National 12
* NS14
* OK Dinghy
* Otter
* Pacer
* Pegasus
* Penguin
* Phantom 14
* Phantom
* Precision 13
* Precision 14
* Puffer
* Rascal 14
* RS Aero
* RS Feva
* RS Neo
* RS Quest
* RS Tera
* RS Vareo
* RS100
* RS200
* RS300
* RS400
* RS500
* RS600
* RS700
* RS800
* Sabre
* Scorpion
* Skimmer
* Skipjack 15
* Skunk 11
* Snark
* Snowbird
* Solo
* Speedball 14
* Spindrift 13
* Spiral
* Splash
* Streaker
* Sunburst
* Sunfish
* Surprise 15
* Tanzer 14
* Tasar
* Tech Dinghy
* Topper
* Topper Topaz
* Topaz Magno
* Topaz Vibe
* Transit 380
* Twitchell 12
* Vagabond
* Vaurien
* Wanderer
* Waszp
* Water Wag
* Widgeon 12
* Woodpussy
* Zeddie
* Zephyr

Dinghies under 20 ft|

| 0–K|

* 16ft Skiff
* 18 foot dinghy
* 18ft Skiff
* 470
* 49er
* 505
* Albacore
* Apollo 16
* Australian Sharpie
* Beaufort
* Bombardier 4.8
* Buccaneer 18
* Cape Cod Gemini
* Cape Cod Mercury 15
* Caprice 15
* CL 16
* Comet (US)
* Contender
* Coronado 15
* Corsair
* Day Sailer
* Flying Dutchman
* Flying Scot
* French National Monotype 1924
* Geary 18
* Gloucester 15
* Hampton One-Design
* Holiday 20
* Hornet
* Interlake
* International Canoe
* ISO
* Jacksnipe
* Javelin (Europe)
* Jersey Skiff
* Jollyboat (UK)
* Jolly Boat
* JY15

|

L–Z|

* Laser 4000
* Laser Stratos
* Leeward 16
* Lelievlet
* Lightning
* Melges 15
* Menger Cat 15
* Mirror 16
* Mistral 16
* Mobjack
* Mud Hen 17
* Mutineer 15
* O-Jolle
* Paceship 20
* Payne-Mortlock sailing canoe
* Picnic 17
* Pirate
* Precision 15 CB
* Precision 16
* Precision 185 CB
* Ranger 16
* Rebel 16
* Rhodes 18
* Rhodes 19
* RS Vision
* RS700
* RS800
* RS Venture
* S2 5.5
* Salcombe Yawl
* Sea Bright
* Sea Scout Standard Boat (BP18)
* Snipe
* Tanzer 16
* 12m2 Sharpie
* Thistle
* Topaz Omega
* US1
* Vanguard 15
* Wayfarer
* Windmill
* Windy
* Winkle Brig
* X Boat

Dinghies 20 ft or over|

* Dovekie 21
* Highlander
* Norfolk Punt
* Sea Pearl 21

Scows|

* A Scow
* Butterfly
* C Scow
* E Scow
* Fireball
* Flipper (Danish)
* I-20
* Melges 17
* M Scow
* MC Scow
* Puddle Duck Racer
* Thames A-class rater
* Y Flyer

Multihulls|

| Catamarans|

* A-Class
* Catalina Catamaran
* Cheshire 14
* Dart 16
* Dart 18
* DC-14 Phantom
* Flying Phantom Elite
* Flying Phantom Essentiel
* Formula 16
* Formula 18
* G-Cat 5.0
* G-Cat 5.7
* Hobie 14
* Hobie 16
* Hobie 17
* Hobie Bravo
* Hobie Dragoon
* Hobie Tiger
* Hobie Wave
* Hobie Wildcat
* Isotope
* Kona 14
* Nacra 5.2
* Nacra 15
* Nacra F16
* Nacra 17
* Nacra F18 Infusion
* Nacra 20 Carbon
* M32
* Phantom 14
* Phantom 16
* Phoenix 18
* Prindle 18
* Prindle 18-2
* Shearwater III
* SL 16
* Topcat K1
* Tornado
* Trac 14
* Trac 16
* Viper F16

|

Trimarans|

* Astus 14.1
* Wētā

* v
* t
* e

Classes of trailer sailers and trailer yachts

A-D|

* 11:Metre One Design
* Aero 20
* Adventurer 17
* Alacrity 19
* Albin 57
* Alize 20
* Allegra 24
* Alerion Express 19
* Alberg 22
* Arcachonnais
* Alberg 23
* Albin Express
* AMF 2100
* Amphibi-Con 25
* Antares 17
* Antrim 20
* Aquarius 7.0
* Aquarius 21
* Aquarius 23
* Aquarius 24 Pilot Cutter
* Austral 20
* Archambault Bagheera
* Bahia 22
* Balboa 16
* Balboa 20
* Balboa 21
* Balboa 22
* Balboa 23
* Balboa 24
* Balboa 26
* Balboa 27 8.2
* Bay Hen 21
* Baymaster 18
* Beachcomber 25
* Beneteau First 18
* Beneteau First 18 SE
* Beneteau First 20
* Beneteau First 210
* Beniguet
* Blazer 23
* Bluejacket 23
* Bluejacket MS 23
* Blue Water 24
* Boomerang 20
* Bremer 25
* Bridges Point 24
* Brio
* Bristol Caravel 22
* Bristol Corsair 24
* Buccaneer 200
* Buccaneer 210
* Buccaneer 220
* Buccaneer 240
* Buccaneer 245
* Buccaneer 250
* Buccaneer 255
* Bull's Eye
* Cabochard
* Cal 21
* Cal 22
* Cal 24
* Cal 25
* Cal 2-24
* Cal 3-24
* Cal T/4
* California 4.70
* California 5.20
* California 5.50
* California 6.60
* CAP 450
* CAP 540
* Cape Breton
* Cape Cod Cat
* Cape Cod Mercury 15
* Cape Dory 25
* Cape Dory 25D
* Capelan
* Capri 14
* Capri 16
* Capri 22
* Capri 25
* Capri 26
* Captain
* Captiva 240
* Careel 18
* Catalina 18
* Catalina 22
* Catalina 25
* Catalina 250
* Cherry 16
* Chrysler 20
* Chrysler 22
* Chrysler 26
* Classic 22
* Classic 22 (Windley)
* Clipper 21
* Clipper 23
* Colgate 26
* Columbia 7.6
* Columbia 22
* Columbia T-23
* Columbia 24 Challenger
* Columbia 24 Contender
* Companion 21
* Crystal 23
* Commodore 17
* Com-Pac 16
* Com-Pac 23
* Com-Pac 25
* Com-Pac Eclipse
* Com-Pac Horizon Cat
* Com-Pac Legacy
* Com-Pac Sun Cat
* Com-Pac Sunday Cat
* Contest 25 OC
* Corinthian 19
* Cornish Crabber 17
* Cornish Crabber 24
* Cornish Shrimper 19
* Coronado 23
* Coronado 25
* Corsair 24
* Corsair Cruze 970
* CS 22
* Cygnus 20
* Dana 24
* D&M 22
* Dawson 26
* Dehler 22
* Dehler 25
* Dolphin 17
* Dolphin 24
* Drascombe
* Drascombe Lugger
* Drascombe Scaffie
* DS-16
* DS-22
* Dufour 24
* Dufour 1800

E-K|

* Eastsail 25
* Eastward Ho 24
* Eclipse 6.7
* Elite 25
* Endeavor 26
* Ensenada 20
* Eolia 25
* Ericson 23-1
* Ericson 23-2
* Ericson 25
* Ericson 25+
* Espace 620
* Esse 850
* Esse 990
* ETAP 20
* ETAP 21i
* ETAP 22
* ETAP 22i
* ETAP 23
* ETAP 23i
* ETAP 23iL
* ETAP 24i
* ETAP 26
* ETAP 26s
* Evelyn 25
* Express 27
* F-24 Sport Cruiser
* F-27 Sport Cruiser
* F-31 Sport Cruiser
* Farrier F-22
* Farrier F-24
* Fisher 25
* Flirt
* Flying Tiger 7.5
* Flying Tiger 10 M
* Freedom 21
* Freedom 24
* Fun 23
* Gladiator 24
* Gloucester 16
* Gloucester 18 (Whitecap)
* Gloucester 19
* Gloucester 20
* Gloucester 22
* Gloucester 23
* Golif 21
* Gougeon 32
* Grampian 23
* Greenwich 24
* Halcyon 23
* Halman 20
* Harbor 14
* Harbor 20
* Harbor 25
* Harmony 22
* Harpoon 6.2
* Hartley TS16
* Helms 24
* Helsen 20
* Helsen 22
* Heritage 20
* Hermann 19
* Hermann 22
* Herreshoff America
* Herreshoff Eagle
* Herreshoff Goldeneye
* Herreshoff Prudence
* Hilbre One Design
* Hobie 33
* Hobie Magic 25
* Holder 17
* Holder 20
* Hughes 22
* Hughes 24
* Hughes 25
* Hunter 18.5
* Hunter 19-1
* Hunter 19-2
* Hunter 20
* Hunter 22
* Hunter 23
* Hunter 23.5
* Hunter 25
* Hunter 25-2
* Hunter 26
* Hunter 27 Edge
* Hunter 212
* Hunter 216
* Hunter 240
* Hunter 260
* Hunter Medina
* Ideal 18
* Imperial 23
* Impulse 21
* Independence 20
* Irwin 10/4
* Irwin 23
* Irwin 25
* Islander 21
* Islander 24 Bahama
* J/22
* J/24
* J/70
* J/80
* JOD 24
* Kaiser 25
* Kelt 7.6
* Kittiwake 23
* Kirby 23
* Kirby 25

L-R|

* Laguna 16
* Laguna 18
* Laguna 22
* Laguna 24S
* Lancer 25
* Lancer 25 Mark V
* Lancer 25 PS
* Lancer 28
* Lancer 28T Mark V
* La Paz 25
* Lapworth 24
* Lockley-Newport LN-23
* Jeanneau Love Love
* Lynx 16
* MacGregor 19
* MacGregor 21
* MacGregor 22
* MacGregor 24
* MacGregor 25
* MacGregor 26
* Mariner 19
* Mark 25
* Marlin 23
* Marlow-Hunter 22
* Marshall 22
* Marsh Hen
* Martin 16
* Matilda 20
* Melges 20
* Melges 24
* Menger Cat 17
* Menger Cat 19
* Menger Cat 23
* Menger Oysterman 23
* Meridian 25
* Merit 22
* Merit 25
* Microsail
* Mini JOD
* Mirage 5.5
* Mistral T-21
* Montego 19
* Montego 20
* Montego 25
* Montgomery 15
* Montgomery 17
* Montgomery 23
* Moore 24
* Morgan 22
* Morgan 24/25
* Mustang 22
* Mystic Catboat 20
* Mystic Mini-Ton
* Naiad 18
* Neptune 24
* New Horizons 26
* Neptune 16
* Newport 16
* Newport 17
* Newport 212
* Newport 214
* Nimble 20
* Nimble 25 Arctic
* Nomad 22
* Nonsuch 22
* Nordica 16
* Nordica 20
* Nor'Sea 27
* North 26
* North American 23
* North Star 500
* Nutmeg 24
* O'Day 19
* O'Day 20
* O'Day 22
* O'Day 23
* O'Day 25
* O'Day 26
* O'Day 192
* O'Day 222
* O'Day 240
* Olson 25
* Pacific Seacraft 25
* Parker Dawson 26
* Pearson 21
* Pearson 22
* Pearson 23
* Pearson 23C
* Pearson 24
* Pearson Electra
* Pearson Ensign
* Pearson Lark
* Peep Hen 14
* Pierce Arrow 18
* Poacher 21
* Polaris 26
* Precision 15
* Precision 18
* Precision 21
* Precision 23
* Precision 165
* Precision 185
* Paceship PY 23
* Quickstep 19
* Quickstep 21
* Quickstep 24
* Ranger 22
* Ranger 23
* Ranger 24
* Ranger 26-2
* Raven
* RK 20
* RK 21
* RL 24
* Rhodes 18
* Rhodes 19
* Rhodes 22
* Rhodes Ranger 29
* Rob Roy 23
* Rocket 22

S-Z|

* S2 6.7
* S2 6.8
* S2 6.9
* S2 7.0
* S2 7.3
* S2 8.0 A
* S2 8.0 B
* S2 8.0 C
* S2 22
* Sage 17
* Sailmaster 22
* Sanderling 18
* Sandpiper 565
* San Juan 21
* San Juan 23
* San Juan 24
* Sanibel 17
* Sanibel 18
* Santana 21
* Santana 22
* Santana 23
* Santana 25
* Santana 26
* Santana 2023
* Seafarer 22
* Seafarer 23
* Seafarer 23 Challenger
* Seafarer 23 Kestrel
* Seafarer 24
* Seaforth 24
* Seagull
* Seamew
* Sea Pearl 21
* Sea Sprite 23
* Seaward 22
* Seaward 23
* Seaward 24
* Seaward 25
* Seaward 26RK
* Seaward Fox
* Seaway 25
* Seidelmann 24
* Seidelmann 25
* Seidelmann 245
* Schock 22
* Schock 23
* Schock 25
* Shields
* Signet 20
* Silhouette
* Siren 17
* Sirius 22
* Sirocco 15
* Skipper 20
* Skipper's Mate 17
* Slipper 17
* Snapdragon 747
* Sonar
* Sonata 8
* Sonata 26
* Sonata 6.7
* Sonic 23
* Snug Harbor 18
* South Coast 21
* South Coast 22
* South Coast 23
* South Coast 25
* South Coast 26
* Sovereign 7.0
* Sovereign 17
* Sovereign 20
* Sovereign 23
* Sovereign Princess 24
* Sovereign 26
* Sovereign 30
* Spindrift 19
* Storm
* Spindrift 22
* Spirit 21
* Spirit 23
* Sprinto
* Starwind 19
* Starwind 22
* Starwind 223
* Stiletto 27
* Stone Horse
* Stuart Knockabout
* Sun 2000
* Sun Fast 17
* Sun Fast 20
* Sun Odyssey 24.2
* Sun Way 21
* Surprise 25
* Swiftcraft Swift 18
* Tanzer 7.5
* Tanzer 22
* Tanzer 25
* Tartan 27
* Tartan 27 Yawl
* Tartan 27-2
* Tempest
* Tempest 23
* Terrapin 24
* TES 28 Magnam
* Tiger 25
* Tonic 23
* Triangle 20
* Triton 21
* Triton 22
* Triton 25
* Tylercraft 24
* Typhoon 18
* Typhoon Senior
* Ultimate 20
* US Yachts US 18
* US Yachts US 21
* US Yachts US 22
* US Yachts US 25
* Vagabond 17
* Vancouver 25
* Venture 21
* Venture 22
* Venture 222
* Venture of Newport 23
* Victoria 18
* Viggen 23
* Viper 640
* Vivacity 20
* Vivacity 24
* Walton 25
* Watkins 17
* Watkins 23
* Watkins 25
* Wavelength 24
* Weekender 24
* Westerly 22
* West Wight Potter 15
* West Wight Potter 19
* Westwind 24
* Windrose 5.5
* Windrose 18
* Windrose 20
* Windrose 22
* Windrose 24
* Wild Wind 20
* Wylie Wabbit 24
* Yankee 26

* v
* t
* e

Olympic sailing classes

Current classes|

* 470
* 49er
* 49erFX
* Formula Kite
* IQFoil
* Laser
* Laser Radial
* Nacra 17

Former classes
(In order of first use)|

* Ton classes (0–½, ½–1, 1–2, 2–3, 3–10, 10–20, 20+ & Open)
* 6 Metre
* 7 Metre
* 8 Metre
* 12 Metre
* 10 Metre
* 12 foot dinghy
* 18 foot dinghy
* 6.5 Metre
* 8.5 Metre
* 9 Metre
* 15 Metre
* Skerry cruiser 30 m2
* Skerry cruiser 40 m2
* French National Monotype 1924
* Snowbird
* Star
* O-Jolle
* Firefly
* Swallow
* Dragon
* 5.5 Metre
* Finn
* 12 m2 Sharpie
* Flying Dutchman
* Tempest
* Soling
* Tornado
* Windglider
* Division II
* Lechner A-390
* Europe
* Mistral One Design
* Yngling
* RS:X
* Elliott 6m

Youth classes|

* Nacra 15
* Techno 293

Former youth classes|

* Byte

* v
* t
* e

Classes of World Sailing

Current Olympic classes|

* 470
* 49er
* 49er FX
* Formula Kite
* IQFoil
* Laser Standard
* Laser Radial
* Nacra 17

World Sailing centreboard classes|

* 29er
* 420
* 505
* B14
* Cadet
* Contender
* Enterprise
* Europe
* Finn
* Fireball
* Flying Dutchman
* GP14
* International 14
* International FJ
* Laser 4.7
* Laser Standard
* Laser Radial
* Lightning
* Mirror
* Moth
* Musto Skiff
* O'PEN Skiff
* OK Dinghy
* Optimist
* RS Feva
* RS Tera
* RS100
* RS500
* Snipe
* Splash
* Sunfish
* Tasar
* Topper
* Vaurien
* Zoom 8

World Sailing keelboat classes|

* 2.4 mR
* 5.5 m
* 6 mR
* 8 mR
* 12 mR
* Dragon
* Etchells
* FarEast 28
* Flying Fifteen
* Hansa 2.3
* Hansa 303
* Hansa Liberty
* H-boat
* International One Design
* J/22
* J/24
* J/70
* J/80
* Melges 20
* Melges 24
* Melges 32
* Micro
* Platu 25
* RC44
* SB20
* Shark 24
* Soling
* Sonar
* Star
* Tempest
* Viper 640
* Yngling

World Sailing yacht classes|

* Class40
* ClubSwan 50
* Farr 40
* IMOCA 60
* J/111
* Maxi
* Soto 40
* Swan 45
* TP 52
* X-35
* X-41

World Sailing multihull classes|

* A-Class
* Dart 18
* Formula 16
* Formula 18
* Hobie 14
* Hobie 16
* Hobie 17
* Hobie Dragoon
* Hobie Tiger
* Hobie Wildcat
* Nacra 15
* Nacra 17
* Nacra F18 Infusion
* Nacra 20 Carbon
* Topcat K1
* Tornado

World Sailing windsurfer classes|

* Formula Experience
* Formula Windsurfing
* Funboard
* Funboard Youth
* Kona
* Mistral
* Raceboard
* RS:One
* Speed Windsurfing
* Techno 293
* Techno WF130
* IQFoil

World Sailing kiteboarding classes|

* IKA Open
* IKA Formula Kite
* IKA Twin Top Racing
* IKA Twin Top Freestyle
* IKA Twin Top Kitefoil

IRSA remote-control classes|

* 10 rater
* A Class
* Marblehead
* One Metre

Former World Sailing classes|

* 11:Metre One Design
* 29erXX
* Aloha
* Buzz
* Byte
* C-Class
* Division I
* Division II
* Division III
* Elliott 6m
* Farr 30 (Mumm 30)
* Farr 45
* Farr Maxi One Design
* Hobie 17
* Hobie 18
* IOD
* ISO
* Laser 2
* Laser Vago
* Lechner A-390
* M32
* Mistral Junior
* Mumm 36
* Nacra F18
* Open 50
* ORMA 60
* RS:X
* RS:X One
* Sydney 40
* Ultimate 20
* SL 16
* Viper F16
* Windglider
* X-99

World championships in sailing * Sailing at the Summer Olympics * Sailing at the Summer Paralympics

* v
* t
* e

National members of World Sailing

Equipment (World Sailing classes)

Africa (ASCON)|

* ALG
* ANG
* BOT
* DJI
* EGY
* KEN
* LBA
* MAD
* MAR
* MOZ
* MRI
* NAM
* NGR
* RSA
* SEN
* SEY
* SUD
* TAN
* TUN
* UGA
* ZIM

Asia (ASF)|

* BRN
* BRU
* CAM
* CHN
* HKG
* INA
* IND
* IRI
* IRQ
* JOR
* JPN
* KAZ
* KGZ
* KOR
* KSA
* KUW
* LIB
* MAS
* MYA
* OMA
* PAK
* PHI
* PLE
* PRK
* QAT
* SGP
* SRI
* THA
* TLS
* TPE
* UAE
* VIE

Central and South America (SASC)|

* ARG
* BOL
* BRA
* CHI
* COL
* ECU
* ESA
* GUA
* NCA
* PAN
* PAR
* PER
* TTO
* URU
* VEN

Europe (EUROSAF)|

* AND
* ARM
* AUT
* AZE
* BEL
* BLR
* BUL
* CRO
* CYP
* CZE
* DEN
* ESP
* EST
* FIN
* FRA
* GBR
* GEO
* GER
* GRE
* HUN
* IRL
* ISL
* ISR
* ITA
* KOS
* LAT
* LIE
* LTU
* LUX
* MDA
* MKD
* MLT
* MNE
* MON
* NED
* NOR
* POL
* POR
* ROU
* RUS
* SLO
* SMR
* SRB
* SUI
* SVK
* SWE
* TUR
* UKR

Oceania (OSAF)|

* ASA
* AUS
* COK
* FIJ
* GUM
* NZL
* PNG
* SAM
* SOL
* TAH
* TGA
* VAN

North America and the Caribbean|

* AHO
* ANT
* ARU
* BAH
* BAR
* BER
* BIZ
* CAN
* CAY
* CUB
* DOM
* GRN
* ISV
* IVB
* JAM
* LCA
* MEX
* PUR
* SKN
* USA
* VIN

World championships in sailing \- Sailing at the Summer Olympics \- Sailing at the Summer Paralympics

* v
* t
* e

Sailing and manoeuvres

sport, racing, cruising

Sailing|

* Center of lateral resistance (Lee helm, Weather helm)
* Point of sail
* Forces on sails
* Hiking
* Racing Rules of Sailing
* Rounding up
* Sail twist

Manoeuvres|

* Close-hauled
* Heaving to
* Heeling
* In irons
* Jibe
* Reaching
* Running
* Reefing
* Tacking
* Wing on wing

Accidents|

* Broach
* Capsizing
* Chinese gybe
* Death roll
* Turtling

* Planing

* v
* t
* e

Water sports and activities

Activities in water|

* Aquajogging
* Diving
* synchronized
* Flyboarding
* Freediving
* Scuba diving
* Snorkeling
* Swimming
* Synchronized swimming
* Water aerobics

Activities on water|

* Boating
* Bodyboarding
* Bodysurfing
* Cable skiing
* Canoeing
* Fishing
* Kayaking
* Kiteboarding
* Kiteboating
* Kneeboarding
* Paddleboarding
* Standup paddleboarding
* Parasailing
* Rafting
* Riverboarding
* Rowing
* Sailing
* Skimboarding
* Skurfing
* Stone skipping
* Surfing
* Tubing
* Wakeboarding
* Wakeskating
* Wakesurfing
* Water skiing
* barefoot
* Windsurfing
* Yachting

Team sports|

* Canoe polo
* Dinghy racing
* Dragon boat racing
* Outrigger canoe racing
* Synchronized diving
* Synchronized swimming
* Waboba
* Water basketball
* Water polo
* Water volleyball

Competitions|

* Boat racing
* Modern pentathlon
* Sailing races
* Triathlon
* Yacht racing

* Category
* Commons

Authority control databases

National|

* Germany
* United States
* France
* BnF data
* Israel

Other|

* Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine
* Yale LUX

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