Sakùntala

La leggenda di Sakùntala

Opera by Franco Alfano

Grassy shelf in a forest, sketch by Pietro Stroppa for La leggenda di Sakùntala (1921) - Archivio Storico Ricordi

Other title| Sakùntala (1945 reconstruction)
Librettist| Alfano
Language| Italian
Based on| Kālidāsa's Shakuntala
Premiere|

10 December 1921 (1921-12-10)

Teatro Comunale di Bologna

La leggenda di Sakùntala is a three-act opera by Franco Alfano, who wrote his own libretto based on Kālidāsa's 5th-century-CE drama Shakuntala.[1] It was completed in 1920.[2] When the score was believed lost in wartime bombing, Alfano reconstructed it, in 1945,[3] now titling it simply Sakùntala, but in 2006 a copy of the original was found.

## Premiere, loss and rediscovery

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La leggenda di Sakùntala was first performed on 10 December 1921 at the Teatro Comunale di Bologna. The full score and orchestral materials were believed destroyed when an Allied bomb hit the archives of Alfano's publisher, Ricordi, during World War II, so Alfano reconstructed the opera in 1945, shortening its name, and a second "premiere" followed at the Teatro dell'Opera in Rome on 5 January 1952.[4] Decades later, during preparations for a revival in Rome in 2006, the original 1920 score was found in the Ricordi archives, and so the opera was performed once again in its original form and with its original title.

## Recent performances and filming

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Critically regarded as Alfano's best work, La leggenda di Sakùntala was performed seven times for Italian radio between its premiere and 1979. These broadcasts featured such sopranos as Magda Olivero, Anna de Cavalieri and Celestina Casapietra. The opera was revived at the Wexford Opera Festival in 1982 and in concert on November 19, 2013, by Teatro Grattacielo in New York. In 2016[5] it was staged and filmed at the Teatro Massimo in Catania with soprano Silvia dalla Benetta and Nikša Bareza conducting, a production released on DVD on the Bongiovanni label.

## Roles

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Roles, voice types, premiere casts Role  | Voice type | Premiere cast,
10 December 1921
conductor: Tullio Serafin | Premiere of the reconstruction,
5 January 1952
conductor: Gianandrea Gavazzeni

|
|
|

Sakùntala, a young woman of royal origin | soprano | Augusta Concato-Piccaluga  | V P Aguero
Priyamvada, Sakùntala's friend | mezzo-soprano | Anna Manarini  | Fernanda Cadoni
Anusuya, Sakùntala's friend | soprano  | Gina Pedroni  | Mafalda Micheluzzi
Dushyanta, the King | tenor | Nino Piccaluga  | Roberto Turrini
His weapon bearer  | baritone | Luigi Bolpagni  | Titta Ruffo
Kanva, leader of the hermits | bass | Bruno Carmassi  | Giulio Neri
A young hermit  | tenor  | Carlo Bonfanti  | Adelio Zagonara
Durvasas, an ascetic | bass  | Enrico Spada  | Bruno Sbalchiero
Harita  | bass  | Ugo Cannetti  | Carlo Platania
A fisherman  | tenor  | Edmondo Orlandi  | Paolo Caroli
A guard  | bass  |  | Virgilio Stocco

## Synopsis

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### Act 1

[edit]

The King encounters Sakùntala while hunting with his men near the remote woodland monastery where she lives. The King woos her, and overcoming her initial fear, promises that he will return, giving her a ring by which to remember him.

### Act 2

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Daydreaming about the King, Sakùntala fails to hear the hermit Durvasas's entreaties to open the monastery's gate to admit him. Angered, he curses Sakùntala, proclaiming that the King would not remember her. Sakùntala begs a cloud to carry a message to the King. Harita returns to the monastery, and tells Sakùntala that she is with child.

### Act 3

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The King is restless, and not entertained by the dancing girls who perform for him. Sakùntala arrives with her entourage, but when she attempts to present her ring of remembrance to the King, she realizes that she has lost it. The curse is fulfilled, and Sakùntala rushes out of the palace to drown herself in a lake. However, belatedly, a fisherman arrives, having found the ring, and presents it to the King, who suddenly remembers Sakùntala. Servants enter, bearing Sakùntala's infant child, and the King cries out in anguish. But Sakùntala's voice descends from heaven (having been taken up into the heavens by a cloud of fire), and tells the King not to despair, for their child will become the hero of the future age. All the people kneel and worship the infant.

## References

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Notes

1. ^ Background to the opera, theoperacritic.com. Retrieved 8 May 2013
2. ^ "Leggenda di Sakuntala, la | Archivio Storico Ricordi | Collezione Digitale".
3. ^ "Sakùntala | Archivio Storico Ricordi | Collezione Digitale".
4. ^ Jürgen Maehder in Grove gives 9 January, though the Casaglia has 5 January.
5. ^ "Sakuntala".

Sources

* Casaglia, Gherardo (2005). "La leggenda di Sakùntala, 10 December 1921". L'Almanacco di Gherardo Casaglia (in Italian).
* Casaglia, Gherardo (2005). "Sakùntala, 5 January 1952". L'Almanacco di Gherardo Casaglia (in Italian).
* Jürgen Maehder (1992), Sakùntala in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7

## Recordings

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* Sakuntala. Anna de Cavalieri, Antonio Annaloro, Plinio Clabassi cond. Arturo Basile 1955
* DVD Silvia dalla Benetta (Sakuntala) Enrique Ferrer (Il Re) stage dir. Massimo Gasparon cond. Nikša Bareza, live recording from the Teatro Massimo Bellini, Catania, Italy November 2016

## External links

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* Synopsis
* Libretto in Italian and English
* La leggenda di Sakùntala (Alfano): Scores at the International Music Score Library Project

* v
* t
* e

Franco Alfano

Opera|

* Risurrezione (1904)
* Sakùntala (1921/52)
* Cyrano de Bergerac (1936)
* Il dottor Antonio (1949)

Related articles|

* Turandot (completed 1926)
* Verismo

* v
* t
* e

Kalidasa's Shakuntala (4th century CE)

Characters|

* Shakuntala
* Vishvamitra
* Menaka
* Kanva
* Dushyanta
* Durvasa
* Bharata

Films|

* Shakuntala (1920 silent)
* Sakuntalai (1940 Tamil)
* Shakuntala (1943 Hindi)
* Shakuntala (1965 Malayalam)
* Stree (1961 Hindi)
* Sakunthala (1966 Telugu)
* Sakuntalam (2022 Sanskrit)
* Shaakuntalam (2023 Telugu)

Art|

* Shakuntala Patra-lekhan (1876 Raja Ravi Varma painting)
* Sakuntala (1886 Claudel sculpture)
* Shakuntala (1898 Raja Ravi Varma painting)

Opera|

* Sakuntala (1820 Schubert)
* Sakùntala (1921 Alfano)

Other|

* Shakuntala (1945 epic poem)
* Shakuntala (2009 Hindi TV)

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