Salentino dialect

Extreme Southern Italian dialect spoken in the Salento Peninsula, Italy

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Salentino

Salentinu
Native to| Italy
Region| Salento (southern Apulia) Formerly Corfu

Native speakers

| 1,500,000 but vulnerable (2017)https://docs.verbix.com/Languages/Salentino

Language family

Indo-European

* Italic
* Latino-Faliscan
* Latin
* Romance
* Italo-Western
* Italo-Dalmatian
* Italo-Romance
* Extreme Southern Italian
* Salentino

Language codes
ISO 639-3| –
This article is part of the series on the

Sicilian language
History

* Vulgar Latin
* African Romance
* Magna Grecia
* Griko
* Siculo-Arabic
* Sicilian School

Literature and writers

* Literature
* Music
* Theatre
* Giovanni Meli
* Giuseppe Pitrè
* Ignazio Buttitta

Linguistics

* Verb conjugation
* Orthography
* Sicilian vowel system
* Alphabet
* Vocabolario siciliano
* Pantesco dialect
* Siculish

Organisations

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Salentino (salentinu) is a dialect of the Extreme Southern Italian (Italiano meridionale estremo in Italian)[1][2] spoken in the Salento peninsula, which is the southern part of the region of Apulia at the southern "heel" of the Italian peninsula.

## Overview[edit]

Salentino is a dialect of the Extreme Southern Italian language group (in Italian Italiano meridionale estremo). It is thus closer to the Southern Calabrian dialect and the dialects of Sicily than to the geographically less distant dialects of central and northern Apulia.

The traditional areas where Salentino is spoken are the aforementioned Province of Lecce, much of the southern part of the province of Brindisi, and the southern part of Taranto province.

## History[edit]

The Salentino dialect is a product of the different powers and/or populations that have had a presence in the peninsula over the centuries: indigenous Messapian, Ancient Greek, Roman, Byzantine Greek, Lombard, French and Spanish influences are all, to differing levels, present in the modern dialect, but the Greek substratum has had a particular impact on the phonology and the lexicon of this language. Salentino is thus a derivative of local dialects of Vulgar Latin, with a strong Greek substratum.

The oldest test in Salentino is in the margin notes of a copy of the Mishnah known as Parma A written between 1072 and 1073. It is written in the Judeo-Salentino dialect of Salentino which is now extinct.[3]

During the Middle Ages, the area was home to both Romance-based dialects–the precursors to the modern Salentino–and Greek-based dialects in roughly equal measure. The areas of Greek speech have retreated over time, but Salento remains one of two areas of southern Italy, the other being southern Calabria, where Griko can still be heard in some villages (today known collectively as the Grecìa Salentina).

## Characteristics[edit]

different type of dialect in Salento

The term Salentino should be considered a general word to describe the various Romance vernaculars of the Salento peninsula, rather than one to describe a unified standard language spoken throughout the area. Indeed, in common with most other Italian languages, there are no agreed standards for spelling, grammar or pronunciation, with each locality and even generation having its own peculiarities. What unites the various local dialects of the Salento is their shared differences from the dialects further north in Apulia, such as the Tarantino and Barese dialect, and their similarities with other varieties of Sicilian, particularly those found in Calabria. In Sicily efforts have been made by the non-profit Cadèmia Siciliana to standardise the orthography for written insular Sicilian. They have also adopted a 'polycentric' approach which suggests that Salentino should have its own orthography within a family of Sicilian orthographies.[4]

Salentino has 5 vowels and an SOV (subject, object, verb) word order. There are six persons: jeu (I), tu (you, singular), idhu/idha (he,it/she,it), nui (we), vui (you, plural), idhi/idhe (they). And there are six tenses: present, imperfect, remote past, past perfect, past pluperfect, plus remote past.[1]

### Contemporary authors[edit]

Orazio Testarotta di Taviano (1870-1964): his real name is Oronzo Miggiano. The pseudonym by which it is known was chosen for specific reasons: the name Horace refers to the Latin poet with whom he shares the satirical character of his works; while Testarotta is the Italian translation of the capiruttu dialect because it always fell to the ground. His is a poem that uses satire to denounce the political and social situation of the time. In fact, there are three fundamental themes on which it is based: the political and social condition from fascism to the republican age; the condition of the people in relation to the economy; the industrial and technological progress that disrupts the entire system.

Giuseppe Susanna (1851-1929): his poetry has an ideological and progressive function, therefore in stark contrast to the previous dialectal poetry. The main objective in Susanna's works is the emancipation of the proletariat and peasants, based on a language no longer sentimental like that of the late 1800s.

Pietro Gatti di Ceglie Messapica (1913-2013): together with Nicola G. De Donno and Erminio Caputo, he is one of the greatest representatives of that generation of authors who worked especially in the post-war period. It is a period characterized by greater freedom of writing and continuous experimentation. Above all, dialect poetry was radically renewed, now characterized by strong individualism and subjectivism.

Nicola Giuseppe De Donno di Maglie (1920-2004): he is part of the generation of authors born between 1915 and 1930. In his works he deals with very current themes and problems, ranging from autobiographism to satire to religious or social topics. It uses dialect as an autonomous language, free from any expressive compromise.

Erminio Caputo (born in Campobasso, in 1921): he also belongs to the generation of writers born in the first thirty years of the century. Born to Salento parents, he settled in Lecce in 1965, after occasional stays in Tuscany and marche. Unlike De Donno, who was an important point of reference for him, his is a predominantly religious poetics, linked not so much to the external reality that surrounds him, but to the inner, intimate reality of the soul.

## Sample Text[5][edit]

Salentino | English

|

Aggiu lettu sulemente na fiata ddhr' articulu  | I read this article only one time
Stamane cantai  | I sang this morning
Tornasti  | I returned
Ci tinia fame mangiava  | If you were hungry, you could eat
Aggiu ffare  | I will do
Aggiu ppurtare  | I will bring
Manciavi ci te tenia fame  | You could eat if you were hungry
Iddu ulia cu llu ddicu  | He wanted me to tell him
Tocca cu bbiscia  | (that) I need to see it
Iddhru è ertu basciu siccu  | He is tall, short, skinny
Iddha ete de Cutrufianu  | She is from Cutrofiano
Su'statu a mmare  | I was at the seaside
Marcus sum  | I am Marco
Ce ghera beddu  | How beautiful

## See also[edit]

* Salento
* Apulia
* Griko language
* Magna Graecia
* Catepanate of Italy

## References[edit]

1. ^ a b Avolio, Francesco (2012). Lingue e dialetti d'Italia [Languages and dialects of Italy] (in Italian) (2nd ed.). Rome: Carocci. p. 54.
2. ^ "siciliani, calabresi e salentini, dialetti in "Enciclopedia dell'Italiano"". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2021-04-04.
3. ^ "Judeo-Italian". Jewish Languages. Retrieved 2023-12-09.
4. ^ "Resolution regarding Sicilian language range, and relationship to other languages of Sicily". Cadèmia Siciliana. Retrieved 2017-12-28.
5. ^ Golovko, Ekaterina; Panov, Vladimir. "Salentino Dialect, Griko and Regional Italian: Linguistic Diversity of Salento (With Ekaterina Golovko)". Academia.edu: 57–67.

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Languages of Italy

Historical linguistic minorities: Albanian, Catalan, Croatian, French, Franco-Provençal, Friulian, Germanic, Greek, Ladin, Occitan, Romani, Sardinian, Slovene, Wenzhounese

| Italo-Romance|

| Italian|

* Regional Italian

|

Tuscan|

* Florentine

Central|

* Central-Northern Latian
* Marchigiano
* Romanesco
* Sabino

Intermediate Southern (Neapolitan)|

* Beneventano
* Barese
* Castelmezzanese
* Cilentan
* Cosentino
* Irpinian
* Arianese
* Molisan
* Southern Latian
* Tarantino
* Vastese

Extreme Southern|

* Central-Southern Calabrian
* Salentino
* Manduriano
* Sicilian
* Pantesco

Other Italo-Dalmatian
languages|

* Corsican
* Gallurese
* Sassarese

Sardinian|

| Sardinian|

* Campidanese
* Logudorese

|

Occitano-Romance|

| Catalan|

* Algherese

|

Occitan|

* Vivaro-Alpine
* Mentonasc
* Niçard

Gallo-Romance|

| French|

* Aostan

|

Franco-Provençal|

* Valdôtain
* Faetar
* Cellese

Gallo-Italic|

| Ligurian|

* Brigasc
* Genoese
* Intemelio
* Monégasque
* Royasc
* Tabarchino

|

Lombard|

* Western Lombard
* Brianzöö dialects
* Canzés
* Bustocco and Legnanese
* Comasco-Lecchese dialects
* Comasco
* Laghée
* Vallassinese
* Lecchese
* Milanese
* Ticinese
* Ossolano
* Varesino
* Southwestern Lombard
* Pavese
* Novarese
* Cremunés
* Spasell
* Eastern Lombard
* Bergamasque

Emilian|

* Bolognese
* Parmigiano

Romagnol|

* Forlivese

Other Gallo-Italic
languages|

* Gallo-Italic of Basilicata
* Gallo-Italic of Sicily
* Judeo-Italian
* Judaeo-Piedmontese
* Piedmontese

Venetian[a]|

| Venetian|

* Fiuman
* Triestine

|

Rhaeto-Romance|

| Rhaeto-Romance|

* Friulian
* Ladin
* Cadorino
* Fornes
* Nones

|

* Italy portal

| Albanian|

| Arbëresh language|

* Arbëresh
* Vaccarizzo Albanian

|

South Slavic|

| Slovenian|

* Brda
* Gail Valley
* Inner Carniolan
* Istrian
* Karst
* Natisone Valley
* Resian
* Torre Valley

|

Serbo-Croatian|

* Croatian
* Montenegrin
* Slavomolisano
* Triestine Serbian

Greek|

| Italiot Greek|

* Calabrian Greek
* Griko

|

German|

| Bavarian|

* Cimbrian
* Mòcheno
* Southern Bavarian
* South Tyrolean

|

Other German dialects|

* Austrian German
* Walser
* Yiddish

Others|

* Hebrew
* Italian Hebrew
* Italian Sign Language
* Romani
* Sinte Romani
* Wenzhounese

1. ^ Venetian is either grouped with the rest of the Italo-Dalmatian or the Gallo-Italic languages, depending on the linguist.

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Romance languages (classification)

Major branches|

* Eastern
* Italo-Western
* Italo-Dalmatian
* Western
* Southern?

Eastern|

* Aromanian
* Istro-Romanian
* Megleno-Romanian
* Daco-Romanian
* dialects
* Banat
* Bukovinian
* Crișana
* Maramureș
* Moldavian
* Moeso-Romanian
* Transylvanian
* Wallachian
* Common Romanian

Italo-
Dalmatian|

| Central|

* Central Italian
* Central Marchigiano
* Ancona
* Fabriano
* Macerata
* Central−Northern Latian
* Romanesco
* Sabino
* Corsican
* Gallurese
* Italian
* Italo-Australian
* Maltese Italian
* Regional Italian
* Swiss Italian
* Sassarese
* Tuscan
* Florentine

|

Southern|

* Extreme Southern Italian
* Central−Southern Calabrian
* Salentino
* Manduriano
* Sicilian
* Pantesco
* Neapolitan–Calabrese
* Neapolitan
* Barese
* Benevento
* Castelmezzano
* Cilentan
* Irpinian
* Arianese
* Molisan
* Southern Latian
* Tarantino
* Vastese
* Northern Calabrian

Others|

* Dalmatian Romance
* Dalmatian
* Istriot
* Judaeo-Italian

Western|

| Gallo-Italic|

* Emilian–Romagnol
* Emilian
* Bolognese
* Parmigiano
* Romagnol
* Forlivese
* Sammarinese
* Gallo-Italic of Basilicata
* Gallo-Italic of Sicily
* Gallo-Picene
* Ligurian
* Brigasc
* Genoese
* Intemelio
* Monégasque
* Royasc
* Tabarchino
* Judeo-Italian
* Lombard
* Eastern
* Bergamasque
* Western
* Brianzöö
* Canzés
* Bustocco–Legnanese
* Comasco–Lecchese
* Comasco
* Laghée
* Lecchese
* Vallassinese
* Milanese
* Ossolano
* Southwestern
* Cremunés
* Novarese
* Pavese
* Ticinese
* Varesino
* Piedmontese
* Judaeo-Piedmontese

|

Gallo-
Romance|

| Langues
d'oïl|

* Angevin
* Berrichon
* Bourbonnais
* Burgundian
* Champenois
* Ardennais
* Rémois
* Frainc-Comtou
* Gallo
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* Law French
* Augeron
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* Cotentinais
* Orléanais
* Paydret
* Picard
* Poitevin–Saintongeais
* Poitevin
* Saintongeais
* Walloon
* West Walloon
* Wisconsin Walloon

|

* Franco-Provençal/Arpitan
* Faetar
* Savoyard
* Valdôtain
* Moselle Romance

Ibero-
Romance
(West
Iberian)|

| Asturleonese|

* Asturian
* Western Asturian
* Cantabrian
* Leonese
* Mirandese

|

Galician–Portuguese|

* Fala
* Galician
* Galician–Asturian/Eonavian
* Minderico
* Portugis
* Portuguese
* dialects
* African
* Asian
* Brazilian
* Mineiro
* European
* Estremenho
* Uruguayan
* Creoles
* Judaeo-Portuguese

Castilian|

* Amazonic Spanish
* Extremaduran
* Judaeo-Spanish
* Spanish
* dialects
* Equatoguinean
* Latin American
* Chilean
* Chilean Chilote
* Peruvian
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* Rioplatense
* Peninsular
* Andalusian
* Llanito
* Castilian
* Castrapo
* Castúo
* Murcian
* Philippine
* Saharan
* Creoles
* Old Spanish

Pyrenean–Mozarabic|

* Andalusi Romance
* Navarro-Aragonese
* Aragonese
* Judaeo-Aragonese

Others|

* Barranquenho (mixed Portuguese–Spanish)
* Caló (mixed Romani–Ibero- and Occitano-Romance)

Occitano-
Romance|

* Catalan
* dialects
* Eastern
* Algherese
* Balearic
* Mallorcan
* Menorcan
* Central
* Northern
* Judaeo-Catalan
* Patuet
* Western
* Catalan Ribagorçan
* Valencian
* Occitan
* Auvergnat
* Gascon
* Aranese
* Béarnese
* Landese
* Judeo-Gascon
* Judeo-Provençal
* Languedocien
* Limousin
* Provençal
* Niçard
* Vivaro-Alpine
* Gardiol
* Mentonasc
* Old Occitan
* Old Catalan

Rhaeto-
Romance|

* Friulian
* Fornes
* Ladin
* Cadorino
* Nones
* Romansh
* Jauer
* Putèr
* Surmiran
* Sursilvan
* Vallader

Others|

* Mediterranean Lingua Franca (Western Romance-based pidgin)
* Venetian (unknown further classification)
* Chipilo
* Fiuman
* Talian
* Triestine

Others|

* African Romance
* British Latin
* Pannonian Latin
* Sardinian
* Campidanese
* Logudorese

Reconstructed|

* Proto-Romance

* Italics indicate extinct languages
* Bold indicates languages with more than 5 million speakers
* Languages between parentheses are varieties of the language on their left.

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