Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti

Former Indian organization

This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.
Find sources: "Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2012)

|

Samyukta Maharashtra Movement

Part of Chronology of statehood of Maharashtra
States Reorganisation Act, 1956
Date| 8 August 1956 (1956-08-08) \- 1 May 1960 (1960-05-01)
Location|

Bombay state, India

Goals| The creation of the separate state of Maharashtra for Marathi-speaking people from the bilingual Bombay state
Methods| Protest march, Street protest, riot, hunger strike, strike
Status| Dormant
Parties

Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti

Maha Gujarat Parishad
Indian National Congress

|

Lead figures

Shripad Amrit Dange
(President)

T.R. Naravane
(Vice President)

S.M. Joshi
(General Secretary)

Casualties
Death(s)| 106
The Movement succeeded in creating a separate Marathi-speaking state of Maharashtra including Mumbai and Nagpur as its capitals.

Samyukta Maharashtra Movement, (transl. United Maharashtra movement) commonly known as the  Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti, was an organisation in India that advocated for a separate Marathi-speaking state in Western India and Central India from 1956 to 1960.

The Samiti demanded the creation of a new state from Marathi-speaking areas of the State of Bombay, a Marathi state, with the city of Bombay as its capital.[1] The Samiti achieved its goal when the state of Maharashtra was created as a Marathi linguistic state on 1 May 1960. Members continued to advocate for the inclusion of Marathi-speaking areas in northern Karnataka such as Belgaum, Karwar, and Bidar into Maharashtra, and the newly annexed state of Goa and Damaon until the 1967 Goa Opinion Poll rejected merger with Maharashtra.

## History

[edit]

The Samyukta Maharashtra Movement organisation was founded on 6 February 1956, at Tilak Smarak Mandir in Pune. The Samiti declared its Executive Council. Shripad Amrit Dange as the President. T. R.Naravane as Vice President and S. M. Joshi as General Secretary were selected. Many of the Prominent activists of Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti were leftists such as S. M. Joshi, Shripad Amrit Dange, Narayan Ganesh Gore, Nana Patil and Uddhavrao Patil. Other leaders included Annabhau Sathe, Maina Gawankar, Walchand Kothari, Pralhad Keshav Atre, Keshav Sitaram Thackeray, Pandurang Mahadev Bapat, Bhausaheb Raut, and Amar Shaikh, G. T. Madkholkar, Madhu Dandavate, Y. K. Souni. As a part of the campaign, Pralhad Keshav Atre used his Maratha newspaper to criticise Prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru, Morarji Desai (then chief minister of Bombay state) and S.K. Patil, the Mumbai Congress party politician who favored separation of Mumbai city from a linguistically reconstituted Maharashtra or Gujarat.[2]

The Indian National Congress had pledged to introduce linguistic states prior to Independence.[3] However, after Independence, Jawaharlal Nehru and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel were adamantly opposed to linguistic states. They perceived linguistic states as a threat to the integrity of India. For the first time and perhaps the only time, Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and its chief Madhav Sadashiv Golwalkar supported Nehru and Patel against redrawing of the map along linguistic lines. The catalyst to the creation of a States Re-organization Commission was the fasting death of Telugu nationalist Potti Sriramulu. In 1956, the SRC (States Re-organisation Committee) recommended creation of linguistic states of Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Karnataka but recommended a bi-lingual state for Maharashtra-Gujarat, with Bombay as its capital but Vidarbha outside Maharashtra. Further, they recommended[citation needed] the creation of Vidharba state to unite the Marathi-speaking people of former Hyderabad state with Marathi-speaking areas of Central Provinces and Berar state. On 21 November 1955, demonstrators were fired upon by the police at Flora Fountain in the capital city of Bombay. Flora Fountain was subsequently renamed Hutatma Chowk or "Martyr's Crossroad" in their memory. It is estimated that in a total of 106 people were shot by security forces during the period of agitation and at different places. Morarji Desai, who was the then chief minister of Bombay State was later removed and replaced by Yashwantrao Chavan as a result of criticism related to the 21 November incident.[4] Nehru's speech dissenting with the SRC led C. D. Deshmukh, the then Finance Minister of the Nehru Cabinet to resign his post in January 1956.[3][5] This led to the creation of the predecessor movement Sanyukta Maharashtra Parishad, inaugurated on 1 November 1956, causing a great political stir and, under the leadership of Keshavrao Jedhe, a whole party meeting was held in Pune and Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti was founded on 6 February 1956.[citation needed] In the second general election of 1957, the Samiti defeated the stalwarts of Congress by securing 101 seats out of 133, including 12 from Bombay. The Congress party could form a government only with the support of Gujarat, Marathwada and Vidharba.

The Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti achieved its goal on 1 May 1960, when the State of Bombay was partitioned into the Marathi-speaking State of Maharashtra and the Gujarati-speaking State of Gujarat. However Goa (then a Portuguese colony), Belgaum, Karwar and adjoining areas, which were also part of the Maharashtra envisaged by the Samiti, were not included in Maharashtra state. Prominent leaders of the Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti decided to quit the organization after 1 May 1960, but the then chairman of the Samiti, Udhavrao Patil, continued his fight for the 862 Marathi-speaking villages of Karnataka that were excluded in 1960.

## Participants

[edit]

Notable individuals who participated in the movement include -

* Shripad Amrit Dange
* Shreedhar Mahadev Joshi
* Prahlad Keshav Atre
* Keshav Sitaram Thackeray
* Pandurang Mahadev Bapat
* Keshavrao Jedhe
* Madhu Dandavate
* Udhavrao Patil
* Shankarrao Deo
* Ahilya Rangnekar
* Annabhau Sathe
* Gajanan Tryambak Madkholkar
* Chintaman Dwarkanath Deshmukh
* Narayan Ganesh Gore
* Gopalrao Bajirao Khedkar

## Result

[edit]

Location of Maharashtra

* As a result of the SMS movement's advocacy, the states of Maharashtra (with Mumbai and Nagpur as its capitals) and Gujarat (with Ahmedabad as its capital) were formed according to the Bombay Reorganisation Act 1960, enacted by the Parliament of India on 25 April 1960.
* The inaugural government was formed under Yashwantrao Chavan, who became the first Chief Minister of Maharashtra.

Eternal Flame at Hutatma Chowk Smarak dedicated to the martyrs

## Memorials

[edit]

Panoramic view of Hutatma Chowk

* Hutatma Chowk Smarak was created besides the Flora Fountain in the Fort, Mumbai. It was created in the memory of 106 Martyrs who were killed in an open firing of the police during a peaceful protest.

Façade of Smruti Dalan

* Samyukta Maharashtra Smruti Dalan was constructed in 2010 at Dadar. It displays the history of the formation of Maharashtra and origins of the movement. Spread over an area of 2,800 sq ft, the 3 storey gallery is a confluence of museum and art.

## Popular culture

[edit]

Hutatma a Marathi webseries on Zee5 starring Anjali Patil, Vaibhav Tatwawadi, Mohan Agashe, and Sachin Khedekar is based on the challenges faced by the people who participated in this Movement.

Midnight's Children, a classic by Salman Rushdie, which won the Booker Prize has a backdrop of both the Samyukta Maharashtra movement as well as the Mahagujarat movement.

## Books

[edit]

* महाराष्ट्र : एका संकल्पनेचा मागोवा (लेखक - माधव दातार)
* मुंबईसह संयुक्त महाराष्ट्राचा लढा (ऐतिहासिक, लेखिका - शिरीष पै)
* संयुक्त महाराष्ट्र काल आणि आज (संपादक - प्रा. भगवान काळे)
* संयुक्त महाराष्ट्राच्या चळवळीत शाहिरांचे योगदान, (लेखिका - सुहासिनी देशपांडे)

## See also

[edit]

* India portal

* Mahagujarat Movement
* Hutatma Chowk
* Maharashtra Day
* States Reorganisation Act
* Chronology of statehood of Maharashtra
* Nagpur Pact
* Goa Opinion Poll
* Belagavi border dispute

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Dandavate, Madha (19 November 2017). Dialogue with Life. Allied Publishers. ISBN 9788177648560. Retrieved 19 November 2017 - via Google Books.
2. ^ Guha, Ramachandra (13 April 2003). "The battle for Bombay". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 6 July 2003. Retrieved 12 November 2008.
3. ^ a b Windmiller, Marshall (1956). "The Politics of States Reorganization in India: The Case of Bombay". Far Eastern Survey. 25 (9 (Sep)): 129–143\. doi:10.2307/3024387. JSTOR 3024387.129-143&rft.date=1956&rft_id=info:doi/10.2307/3024387&rft_id=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3024387#id-name=JSTOR&rft.aulast=Windmiller&rft.aufirst=Marshall&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Samyukta+Maharashtra+Samiti" class="Z3988">
4. ^ "BMC will give jobs to kin of Samyukta Maharashtra martyrs". epaper.TimesOfIndia.com. Archived from the original on 16 August 2011. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
5. ^ Gopal, Sarvepalli (1980). Jawaharlal Nehru: A Biography, Volume 2: 1947-1956. Cambridge, MA, US: Harvard University Press. ISBN 9781473521889. Retrieved 11 January 2017.

## External links

[edit]

* Samyukta Maharashtra movement
* Founding of the Samiti
* 'Zalach Pahije!' by P.K. Atre ISBN 81-86837-00-0

* v
* t
* e

Mumbai topics

History|

* Timeline
* Shilahara dynasty
* Bombay Presidency
* Seven Islands of Bombay
* Elephanta Caves
* Banganga Tank
* Old Bombay
* Worli Fort
* Girangaon
* Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti
* Tanks
* Growth of Mumbai
* 1992–93 riots
* 1993 bombings
* 2008 attacks
* Terrorism

Geography|

* Powai Lake
* Vihar Lake
* Tulsi Lake
* Thane Creek
* Mahim Bay
* Back Bay
* Mithi River
* Ulhas River
* Gilbert Hill
* Malabar Hill
* Salsette Island
* Mumbai Harbour
* Middle Ground
* Climate
* Beaches
* Eastern Suburbs
* Western Suburbs
* South Mumbai
* Neighbourhoods

Buildings|

* Architecture of Mumbai
* Gateway of India
* Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus
* Naval Dockyard
* Bombay Stock Exchange
* Hutatma Chowk
* General Post Office
* Shreepati Arcade
* Siddhivinayak Temple
* Regal Cinema
* Mount Mary's Church
* Haji Ali Dargah
* Flora Fountain
* David Sassoon Library
* Mumba Devi Temple
* Mahalaxmi Temple
* Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya (Prince of Wales Museum)
* National Gallery of Modern Art
* The Asiatic Society of Mumbai
* Jehangir Art Gallery
* Gowalia Tank
* Shri Swaminarayan Mandir
* Mahim Church
* Usha Kiran Building
* Jinnah Mansion

Transport|

* Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport (BEST)
* Mumbai Suburban Railway
* Central Line
* Harbour Line
* Port Line
* Trans-Harbour Line
* Western Line
* Central Railway
* Western Railway
* Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport
* Bandra Terminus and suburban station
* Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus
* Dadar railway station and suburban station
* Lokmanya Tilak Terminus
* Mumbai Central railway station
* Juhu Aerodrome
* Auto rickshaw
* Metro
* Line 1
* Line 2
* Line 3
* Line 4
* Line 5
* Line 6
* Line 7
* Line 8
* Line 9
* Line 10
* Line 11
* Line 12
* Line 13
* Monorail
* Skywalk
* Western railway elevated corridor
* Water transport
* Mumbai Bus Rapid Transit System
* Mumbai Urban Transport Project

Roads|

* Airoli Bridge
* Altamount Road
* Bandra–Worli Sea Link
* Carmichael Road
* Colaba Causeway
* Coastal Road (under construction)
* Currey Road Bridge
* Dadabhai Naoroji Road
* Eastern Express Highway
* Eastern Freeway
* Fashion Street
* Hughes Road
* Jeejabai Bhosle Marg
* JVLR
* Kalwa Bridge
* Linking Road
* Lady Jamshetjee Road
* LBS Marg
* Lamington Road
* Mahim Causeway
* Marine Drive
* MTHL
* Nepean Sea Road
* P D'Mello Road
* Pedder Road
* Princess Street
* SCLR
* SV Road
* Sahar Elevated Access Road
* Sion Panvel Highway
* Vashi Bridge
* Versova–Bandra Sea Link
* Veera Desai Road
* Western Express Highway

Economy|

* Bombay Stock Exchange
* National Stock Exchange of India
* Reserve Bank of India
* Mint
* Dalal Street
* Nariman Point

Education
and research|

| Universities
and colleges|

* University of Mumbai (MU)
* SNDT Women's University
* IIT Bombay (IIT-B)
* Institute of Chemical Technology (formerly UDCT)
* Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute (VJTI)
* NITIE
* Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies (JBIMS)
* Alkesh Dinesh Mody Institute
* SP Jain Institute of Management and Research
* Dr. Homi Bhabha State University
* Sydenham Institute of Management Studies, Research and Entrepreneurship Education(SIMSREE)
* NMIMS
* Mithibai College
* St. Xavier's College
* Sathaye College
* Ramnarain Ruia College
* D. G. Ruparel College
* Ramniranjan Anandilal Podar College of Commerce and Economics
* Mulund College of Commerce
* V. G. Vaze College of Arts, Science and Commerce
* Sir J. J. School of Art

|

Schools|

* Balmohan Vidyamandir
* Bombay Scottish School
* Campion School
* Cathedral and John Connon School
* Dhirubhai Ambani International School
* Don Bosco High School
* Dr. Antonio Da Silva High School
* Holy Family High School
* Lilavatibai Podar High School
* R. N. Podar School
* Sacred Heart Boys High School
* Jamnabai Narsee School
* Utpal Shanghvi Global School
* Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan
* Raja Shivaji Vidyalaya (King George High School)
* St. Theresa's Boys High School
* J.B. Petit High School for Girls

Institutes for science
and learning|

* Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR)
* Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)
* Nehru Planetarium
* Nehru Science Centre
* Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS)
* Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences (UM-DAE CBS)

Civic|

* Mayor
* Police Commissioner
* Municipal Commissioner
* Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation
* Greater Mumbai Police
* Wards
* Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport
* Demographics
* Water sources
* Bombay High Court
* Sheriff

Culture|

* Art Deco
* Marathi
* Mumbaiya/Bombaiya/Bambaiya
* Dabbawalas
* Eggs Kejriwal
* Mumbaikar
* Street food
* Vada pav
* Bhel puri
* Sev puri
* Dahi puri
* Panipuri
* Ragda pattice
* Cultural centres
* Cinemas
* Kala Ghoda festival
* Prostitution in Mumbai
* Mumbai Marathon
* Mumbai Pride
* Tourist attractions
* Little Bombay, Jersey City, US

Religion|

* Jainism in Mumbai
* Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bombay
* History of the Jews in Mumbai
* List of churches in Mumbai
* Anglican Diocese of Bombay
* Mumbai Orthodox Diocese

Other topics|

* Dharavi
* Kamathipura
* Mumbai High Field
* People from Mumbai
* Seal Ashram

* Category
* Commons

* v
* t
* e

State of Maharashtra

* Capital: Mumbai
* Second capital: Nagpur

Topics|

* History
* Geography
* Economy
* Tourism
* Highest point
* Marathi language
* Culture
* Marathi people
* Marathi literature
* Marathi cinema
* Maharashtrian cuisine
* Sports

Regions|

* Desh
* Khandesh
* Konkan
* Mumbai Metropolitan Region
* Marathwada
* Vidarbha
* North Maharashtra

Divisions and
Districts|

| Amravati division|

* Akola
* Amravati
* Buldhana
* Washim
* Yavatmal

|

Konkan division|

* Mumbai
* Mumbai Suburban
* Palghar
* Raigad
* Ratnagiri
* Sindhudurg
* Thane

Aurangabad division|

* Beed
* Aurangabad
* Osmanabad
* Hingoli
* Jalna
* Latur
* Nanded
* Parbhani

Nagpur division|

* Bhandara
* Chandrapur
* Gadchiroli
* Gondia
* Nagpur
* Wardha

Nashik division|

* Ahmednagar
* Dhule
* Jalgaon
* Nandurbar
* Nashik

Pune division|

* Kolhapur
* Pune
* Sangli
* Satara
* Solapur

Million-plus cities
in Maharashtra|

* Mumbai
* Pune
* Nagpur
* Thane
* Pimpri-Chinchwad
* Nashik
* Kalyan-Dombivli
* Vasai-Virar
* Aurangabad
* Navi Mumbai

Other cities with
municipal corporations|

* Ahmednagar
* Akola
* Amravati
* Bhiwandi
* Chandrapur
* Dhule
* Ichalkaranji
* Jalgaon
* Kolhapur
* Latur
* Malegaon
* Mira-Bhayandar
* Nanded
* Panvel
* Parbhani
* Sangli
* Solapur
* Ulhasnagar

Government|

* Chief Ministers
* Legislature (Legislative Council
* Legislative Assembly)
* Police
* Bombay High Court

Portal:India

* v
* t
* e

Marathi

* Grammar
* Phonology
* Literature
* Poetry
* Samyukta Maharashtra Movement
* Maharashtra State
* Marathi Wikipedia

Marathi dialects and
Marathic languages|

* Maharastri Prakrit
* Andh
* Deccani
* East Indian (Mumbai dialect)
* Judeo-Marathi
* Katkari
* Maharashtrian Konkani
* Malvani Konkani
* Phudagi
* Samvedi
* Thanjavur Marathi
* Varhadi (Varhadi-Nagpuri)
* Varli

Marathi scripts|

* Balbodh style of Devanagari
* Braille
* Modi

Other|

* Marathi Cinema
* Marathi theatre
* Literature
* Marathi people (List)

Arts|

* Awards
* Sahitya Akademi Award
* Jnanpith Award
* Writers
* Poets
* National Film Award
* Maharashtra

*[transl.]: translation
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template