San Pietro in Montorio

Church in Rome, Italy

San Pietro in Montorio

Chiesa di San Pietro in Montorio (in Italian)

Façade

Click on the map for a fullscreen view

41°53′19″N 12°28′00″E﻿ / ﻿41.8886°N 12.4666°E﻿ / 41.8886; 12.4666
Location| Piazza di S. Pietro in Montorio 2, Rome
Country| Italy
Denomination| Roman Catholic
Tradition| Roman Rite
Website| Official website, unsafe
History
Status| Titular church,
national church
Dedication| Saint Peter
Consecrated| 1500
Architecture
Architect(s)| Donato Bramante
Architectural type| Church
Groundbreaking| 1481
Administration
District| Lazio
Clergy
Cardinal protector| James Francis Stafford
Façade of Tempietto del Bramante, with entrance to the cloister at right Francesco Baratta. Saint Francis in Ecstasy, c. 1640. Raimondi Chapel, San Pietro in Montorio.

San Pietro in Montorio (English: "Saint Peter on the Golden Mountain") is a church in Rome, Italy, which includes in its courtyard the Tempietto, a small commemorative martyrium ('martyry') built by Donato Bramante.

## History[edit]

The Church of San Pietro in Montorio was built on the site of an earlier 9th-century church dedicated to Saint Peter on Rome's Janiculum hill. It serves as a shrine, marking the supposed site of St. Peter's crucifixion.[1]

In the 15th century, the ruins were given to the Amadist friars, a reform branch of the Franciscans, founded by the Blessed Amadeus of Portugal, who served as confessor to Pope Sixtus IV from 1472. The church was rebuilt through the generous funding of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain. It was consecrated in 1500 by Pope Alexander VI.[2]

It is a titular church, whose current title holder, since 1 March 2008, is James Francis Cardinal Stafford.

## Interior[edit]

The church is decorated with artworks by prominent 16th- and 17th-century masters.

Until 1797, Raphael's final masterpiece, the Transfiguration, graced the high altar. At the start of the Napoleonic period, the altarpiece was expropriated by treaty by the French. it is now in the Vatican pinacoteca. The altar currently displays a copy by Cammuccini of Guido Reni's Crucifixion of St. Peter (also now in Vatican Museums). Although there is no grave marker, tradition has it that Beatrice Cenci--executed in 1599 for the murder of her abusive father and made famous by Percy Bysshe Shelley, among others--is buried below the high altar.[2]

The first chapel on the right contains Sebastiano del Piombo's Flagellation and Transfiguration (1516-24).[2] Michelangelo, who had befriended Sebastiano in Rome, supplied figure drawings that were incorporated into the Flagellation.

The second chapel has a fresco by Niccolò Circignani (1554), some Renaissance frescoes from the school of Pinturicchio, and an allegorical sibyl and virtue attributed to Baldassare Peruzzi.

The fourth chapel has a ceiling fresco by Giorgio Vasari.

The ceiling of the fifth chapel contains another fresco, the Conversion of St. Paul, by Vasari. The altarpiece is attributed to Giulio Mazzoni, while the funerary monument of Pope Julius III and Roberto Nobili are by Bartolomeo Ammannati. Also buried in the chapel is Julius III's scandalous 'nephew', Cardinal Innocenzo Ciocchi Del Monte.

The last chapel on the left contains a Baptism of Christ, attributed to Daniele da Volterra, and stucco-work and ceiling frescoes by Giulio Mazzoni.

A pupil of Antoniazzo Romano frescoed the third chapel with the Saint Anne, Virgin, and Child.

Dirck van Baburen, a central figure of the Dutch Caravaggisti, painted the Entombment for the Pietà Chapel, which is indebted to Caravaggio's example. Baburen worked with another Dutch artist, David de Haen in this chapel.[3] The two other paintings, The Mocking of Christ and The Agony in the Garden are variously attributed to either or both of the artists.

The second chapel on the left, the Raimondi Chapel (1640), was designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini. It includes Francesco Baratta's Saint Francis in Ecstasy and sculptures by Andrea Bolgi and Niccolò Sale.

## Irish chieftains' tombs[edit]

Inscription on the tomb of Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone

At the high altar are two tombs: that of Hugh O'Neill, The O'Neill, 2nd Earl of Tyrone and his son Hugh who predeceased him,[4] and the tomb shared by Rory O'Donnell, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell, and his brother Cathbharr, both of them younger brothers of Red Hugh O'Donnell.

These fled Ireland in 1607. Rory, Lord Tyrconnell, died in 1608, his brother Cathbharr ("Calfurnius" in the inscription) and Hugh, the son of the Great Earl, died in 1609. The cause of death in all cases was fever, probably malaria. Their tombs are covered with marble inscribed slabs with coloured borders, crests and shields.[5] They are about 12 feet from the altar on the left as you face it and are normally covered by a carpet.

Lord Tyrone himself died in 1616 and was buried in the church with much less solemnity. The original simple tombstone was lost in about 1849, but the text of the short inscription was copied: "D.O.M. Hugonis principis ONelli ossa" (Dedicated to God the Best and Greatest. The bones of Prince Hugh O'Neill). In 1989, Tomás Cardinal Ó Fiaich laid a new marble plaque with the same inscription in approximately the original place.[5]

## The Tempietto[edit]

Main article: Tempietto del Bramante

The Tempietto in Andrea Palladio's Quattro Libri (woodcut, 1570)

The so-called Tempietto (lit. 'small temple') is a small commemorative tomb (martyrium) designed by Donato Bramante, possibly built as early as 1502 in the courtyard of San Pietro in Montorio. Commissioned by Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, the Tempietto is considered a masterpiece of High Renaissance Italian architecture.[6]

## References[edit]

1. ^ Fehl, Philipp (1971). "Michelangelo's Crucifixion of St. Peter: Notes on the Identification of the Locale of the Action". The Art Bulletin. 53 (3): 326–343. doi:10.2307/3048868. JSTOR 3048868.
2. ^ a b c "The Church of San Pietro in Montorio", Turismo Roma, Major Events, Sport, Tourism and Fashion Department
3. ^ Slatkes, Leonard (1966). "David de Haen and Dirck van Baburen in Rome". Oud Holland. 81 (3): 173–186. doi:10.1163/187501766X00270. JSTOR 42711371.
4. ^ Dunlop, Robert (1895). "O'Neill, Hugh, third Baron of Dungannon and second Earl of Tyrone 1540?–1616". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. XLII. New York: MacMillan and Co. p. 196\. OCLC 8544105.
5. ^ a b "News 2005". Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland. 11 April 2005. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011.
6. ^ Decker, Heinrich (1969) [1967]. The Renaissance in Italy: Architecture • Sculpture • Frescoes. New York: The Viking Press. p. 283.

## Sources[edit]

* Freiberg, Jack (2014), "Bramante's Tempietto, the Roman Renaissance, and the Spanish Crown", New York, Cambridge University Press, 2014.
* Fortunato, Giuseppe (2010), "The Role of Architectural Representation in the Analysis of the Building: The 3d Survey of San Pietro in Montorio's Temple in Rome", atti del "X Congreso Internacional expresiòn gràphica aplicada a la edificacìon, Alicante, Editorial Marfil", S.A. ISBN 978-84-268-1528-6.
* Satellite Photo. The Tempietto is the circular dome in the center, enclosed tightly by the cloister of San Pietro in Montorio. Just west is the white hemicircle of the Acqua Paola.

## External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to San Pietro in Montorio (Rome).

* High-resolution 360° Panoramas and Images of San Pietro in Montorio | Art Atlas
* High-resolution 360° Panoramas and Images of Tempietto | Art Atlas

* v
* t
* e

Donato Bramante

Church buildings|

* Santa Maria presso San Satiro, Milan (c. 1476-1482) (with Giovanni Antonio Amadeo)
* Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan (1492-1498) (cloister and apse)
* San Pietro in Montorio (The Tempietto), Rome (c. 1502)
* Santa Maria della Pace, Rome (1504) (cloister)
* St. Peter's Basilica, Rome (original design, 1503, ground breaking, 1506)
* Santa Maria della Consolazione, Todi (original project attributed, ground breaking 1508)
* San Giovanni in Oleo (original project attributed, c. 1509)
* Basilica of San Magno, Legnano (1504-1513)

Secular buildings|

* Cortile del Belvedere, Rome (1504-1505)
* Palazzo Caprini, Rome (original design c. 1501; demolished in the 17th century)

Paintings|

* Christ at the Column (c. 1490) (attribution)

Frescoes|

* Palazzo Visconti frescoes

* v
* t
* e

High Renaissance

Principal proponents|

* Donato Bramante
* Giorgione
* Michelangelo
* Raphael
* Titian
* Leonardo da Vinci

Other artists|

* Mariotto Albertinelli
* Pellegrino Aretusi
* Fra Bartolomeo
* Ludovico Beretta
* Moretto da Brescia
* Gasparo Cairano
* Giulio Clovio
* Antonio da Correggio
* Piero di Cosimo
* Bernardino delle Croci
* Girolamo Genga
* Lorenzo Lotto
* Maffeo Olivieri
* Baldassare Peruzzi
* Sebastiano del Piombo
* Antonio da Sangallo the Younger
* Andrea del Sarto
* Il Sodoma
* Tamagnino
* Palma Vecchio
* Antonio Vassilacchi

Major works|

* The Last Supper (c. 1492–1498)
* Pietà (1498–1499)
* San Pietro in Montorio (1500)
* David (1501–1504)
* Mona Lisa (c. 1502–1516)
* St. Peter's Basilica (1506–1513)
* Sistine Chapel ceiling (1508–1512)
* Raphael Rooms (1509–1524)
* Transfiguration (1516–1520)
* The Last Judgment (1536–1541)

Related|

* Art patronage of Julius II
* Jacob Burckhardt
* Johann Joachim Winckelmann
* Leonardeschi
* Giorgio Vasari
* The Lives

Authority control databases: National |

* Germany

|

*[c.]: circa
*[lit.]: literal translation
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template