Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala

Capital of the Spanish Captaincy General of Guatemala

Facade of the Spanish colonial church at Ciudad Vieja

Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala ("St. James of the Knights of Guatemala") was the name given to the capital city of the Spanish colonial Captaincy General of Guatemala in Central America. It is located in present-day Antigua Guatemala.

## History

[edit]

Quauhtemallan — Guatemala
The name was first associated with the Kaqchikel Maya capital Iximche, adopted as the Spanish capital soon after the Spanish conquest of Guatemala began in July 1524.[1] The Kaqchikel capital was called Guatemala by the Spanish, with its origin in the Nahuatl word Quauhtemallan, which means "forested land". The Spanish took the name of the city used by their Nahuatl-speaking Mexican allies and applied it to the new Spanish city and, by extension, to the Captaincy General of Guatemala. From this comes the contemporary name of the country, Guatemala.[2] The day of the city's foundation was 25 July,[3] which is the feast day of St. James, hence the full name of the city.[4]
Almolonga — Ciudad Vieja
After the Kaqchikel rebelled against their former allies, the Spanish refounded the capital as Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala in 1527, in the Almolonga Valley near the Volcán de Agua. In 1541 the crater of the volcano collapsed, unleashing a flood upon the new capital, which was once again moved. The Almolonga Valley site is now known as Ciudad Vieja ("Old City").[3]
Panchoy – Antigua Guatemala
In 1543, Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala was once again refounded, this time at Panchoy. The new city survived as the capital of colonial Guatemala through the rest of the 16th century, the 17th century, and most of the 18th century, until it was severely damaged by the 1773 Guatemala earthquake. The capital was once again moved in 1775, although this time it was given the name Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción ("New Guatemala of the Assumption"), the present day national capital (commonly called Guatemala City). The former capital at Panchoy has now become known as Antigua Guatemala ("Old Guatemala").[3]
Members and relatives of the Arrivillaga family frequently held positions of power, and on many occasions, as mayor of the city.[5]

## See also

[edit]

* Colonial Guatemala—Captaincy General of Guatemala
* History of Guatemala City

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Schele & Mathews 1999, p.297. Recinos 1998, p.101. Guillemín 1965, p.10.
2. ^ Schelle & Mathews 1999, p.292.
3. ^ a b c DeGUATE.com
4. ^ Turismo Cultural.
5. ^ Melchor, Johann (2023-01-01). "Los Arribillaga en Guatemala del siglo XVII a 1820. El mayorazgo, el ingenio de azúcar y su patrimonio artístico". Anales de la Academia de Geografía e Historia de Guatemala, XCIX.

### References

[edit]

* deGUATE.com (2006). "482 años de la fundación de la Ciudad de Santiago" (in Spanish). Guatemala: deGUATE.com. Retrieved 2011-10-27.
* Guillemín, Jorge F. (1965). Iximché: Capital del Antiguo Reino Cakchiquel (in Spanish). Guatemala: Tipografía Nacional de Guatemala. OCLC 1498320.
* Recinos, Adrian (1998). Memorial de Solalá, Anales de los Kaqchikeles; Título de los Señores de Totonicapán (in Spanish). Guatemala: Piedra Santa. ISBN 84-8377-006-7. OCLC 25476196.
* Schele, Linda; Peter Mathews (1999). The Code of Kings: The language of seven Maya temples and tombs. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-684-85209-6. OCLC 41423034.
* Turismo Cultural. "El Día de Santiago Apóstol en La Antigua" (in Spanish). Guatemala: Turismo Cultural. Retrieved 2011-10-27.

## Further reading

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Spanish Wikisource has original text related to this article:

Breve Descripción de la Noble Ciudad de Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala y puntual noticia de su Lamentable Ruina ocasionada de un violento terremoto el día vientinueve de julio de 1773

* Leavitt-Alcántara, Brianna (2018). Alone at the Altar: Single Women and Devotion in Guatemala, 1670-1870. Stanford, California, US: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-1503603684. OCLC 1015867988.

*  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Santiago de Guatemala". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

14°34′N 90°44′W﻿ / ﻿14.567°N 90.733°W﻿ / 14.567; -90.733

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