Sanuki Province

Former province of Japan

Map of Japanese provinces (1868) with Sanuki Province highlighted

Sanuki Province (讃岐国, Sanuki no Kuni; Japanese pronunciation: [saꜜ.nɯ.kʲi (no kɯ.ɲi), sa.nɯ.kʲiꜜ (no kɯ.ɲi)][1]) was a province of Japan in the area of northeastern Shikoku.[2] Sanuki bordered on Awa to the south, and Iyo to the west. Its abbreviated form name was Sanshū (讃州). In terms of the Gokishichidō system, Sanuki was one of the provinces of the Nankaidō circuit. Under the Engishiki classification system, Sanuki was ranked as one of the "upper countries" (上国) in terms of importance, and one of the "middle countries" (中国) in terms of distance from the capital. The provincial capital was located in what is now the city of Sakaide, but its exact location was only identified in 2012. The ichinomiya of the province is the Tamura jinja located in the city of Takamatsu.[3]

Hiroshige ukiyo-e "Sanuki" in "Sixty-eight Views of the Provinces" (諸国六十八景)

## History

[edit]

In the Kojiki and other ancient texts, this area was called Iyorihiko (飯依比古), but was also called "Sanuki" under various spellings. Sanuki Province was formed by the Ritsuryo reforms. The Shiwaku Islands in the Seto Inland Sea were initially considered part of the province, but Shōdoshima and the Naoshima Islands were not transferred from Bizen Province until the Edo Period. In the Heian period, Sanuki was famous for its associations with the Buddhist monk Kūkai as both his birthplace and the place of his early upbringing. Later, the famed poet Sugawara no Michizane served as governor of the province from 886 to 890 AD. At the end of the Heian period, the Heike clan, which controlled maritime routes on the Seto Inland Sea, had Yashima as one of their main strongholds, but were defeated by Minamoto no Yoshitsune at the Battle of Yashima. In the Muromachi period, the area came under the control of the Hosokawa clan, who were appointed as shugo by the Ashikaga shogunate. However, in the Sengoku period, the Hosokawa were eclipsed by the Miyoshi clan. The Miyoshi were in turn invaded by Chōsokabe clan from Tosa Province and the Chōsokabe were in turn defeated by Toyotomi Hideyoshi. The province was awarded by Hideyoshi to his general Ikoma Chikamasa, who made Takamatsu Castle his stronghold.

In the Edo period, Sanuki was divided into five areas; three han, tenryō territory under direct control of the Tokugawa shogunate and a part of Tsuyama Domain whose headquarters was on Honshū.[4]

Bakumatsu period domains  Name | Clan | Type | kokudaka

|
|
|

Takamatsu Domain | Matsudaira clan | Shinpan | 120,000 koku
Marugame Domain | Kyōgoku clan | Tozama | 50,000 koku
Tadotsu Domain | Kyōgoku clan | Tozama | 10,000 koku

Per the early Meiji period Kyudaka kyuryo Torishirabe-chō (旧高旧領取調帳), an official government assessment of the nation’s resources, the province had 395 villages with a total kokudaka of 293,628 koku. Sanuki Province consisted of the following districts:

Districts of Sanuki Province  District | kokudaka | villages | Domain | Currently

|
|
|
|

Ōchi (大内郡) | 14,642 koku | 34 villages | Takamatsu | Dissolved, now Higashikagawa
Sangawa (寒川郡) | 21,919 koku | 27 villages | Takamatsu | Dissolved; now mostly Sanuki, small area of Higashikagawa
Shōdo (小豆郡) | 9,037 koku | 8 villages | Tenryō, Tsuyama | Dissolved; now Shōdoshima
Miki (三木郡) | 17,491 koku | 20 villages | Takamatsu | now mostly Miki, small area of Takamatsu, Sanuki
Yamada (山田郡) | 46,790 koku | 106 villages | Takamatsu | Dissolved; now Takamatsu
Kagawa (香川郡) | 40,353 koku | 49 villages | Takamatsu | Dissolved; now Takamatsu
Aya (阿野郡) | 31,576 koku | 36 villages | Takamatsu | now Takamatsu, Sakaide, Ayagawa, Mannō
Utari (鵜足郡) | 29,034 koku | 30 villages | Takamatsu, Marugame | now Marugame, Sakaide, Tadotsu and Mannō
Naka (那珂郡) | 28,630 koku | 46 villages | Tenryō, Takamatsu, Marugame | now Marugame,Sakaide,Zentsūji, Tadotsu, Kotohira, Mannō
Tado (多度郡) | 17,314 koku | 24 villages | Marugame, Tadotsu | now Zentsūji, Tadotsu
Mino (三野郡) | 30,106 koku | 37 villages | Marugame, Tadotsu | now Mitoyo, Zentsūji
Toyota (豊田郡) | 20,655 koku | 46 villages | Marugame | now Mitoyo, Zentsūji

Following the abolition of the han system, Sanuki Province became Kagawa Prefecture in 1872. However, the following year Kagawa was merged with Tokushima Prefecture and the island of Awaji to form Myōdō Prefecture (名東県). It was separated again on September 5, 1875, but on August 21, 1876 was merged with Ehime Prefecture. It was separated again on December 3, 1888.

## Gallery

[edit]

* Site of the Sanuki kokufu

* Takamatsu Castle

* Tamura Jinja

* Sanuki Kokubun-ji

## See also

[edit]

* Kamatamare Sanuki – Local association football club based in Takamatsu
* Sanuki udon – Local type of udon

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, ed. (24 May 2016). NHK日本語発音アクセント新辞典 (in Japanese). NHK Publishing.
2. ^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Sanuki" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 988, p. 988, at Google Books.
3. ^ "Nationwide List of Ichinomiya", p. 3.; retrieved 2011-08-09
4. ^ Nakayama, Yoshiaki (2015). 江戸三百藩大全 全藩藩主変遷表付. Kosaido Publishing. ISBN 978-4331802946.(in Japanese)

## References

[edit]

* Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128

## External links

[edit]

Media related to Sanuki Province at Wikimedia Commons

* Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

* v
* t
* e

Former provinces of Japan (List)

Kinai|

* Izumi
* Kawachi
* Settsu
* Yamashiro
* Yamato
* Yoshino 716–738

Tōkaidō|

* Awa
* Hitachi
* Iga
* Ise
* Izu
* Kai
* Kazusa
* Mikawa
* Musashi
* Owari
* Sagami
* Shima
* Shimōsa
* Suruga
* Tōtōmi

Tōsandō|

* Dewa -1869
* Hida
* Iwaki 718–724
* Iwaki 1869–
* Iwase 718–724
* Iwashiro 1869–
* Kōzuke
* Mino
* Ōmi
* Mutsu –1869
* Rikuō (or Mutsu) 1869–
* Rikuchū 1869–
* Rikuzen 1869–
* Shimotsuke
* Shinano
* Suwa 721–731
* Ugo 1869–
* Uzen 1869–

Hokurikudō|

* Echigo
* Echizen
* Etchū
* Kaga
* Noto
* Sado
* Wakasa

San'indō|

* Hōki
* Inaba
* Izumo
* Iwami
* Oki
* Tajima
* Tanba
* Tango

San'yōdō|

* Aki
* Bingo
* Bitchū
* Bizen
* Harima
* Mimasaka
* Nagato
* Suō

Nankaidō|

* Awa
* Awaji
* Iyo
* Kii
* Sanuki
* Tosa

Saikaidō|

* Bungo
* Buzen
* Chikugo
* Chikuzen
* Higo
* Hizen
* Hyūga
* Iki
* Ōsumi
* Satsuma
* Tane 702–824
* Tsushima

Hokkaidō
1869–|

* Chishima
* Hidaka
* Iburi
* Ishikari
* Kitami
* Kushiro
* Nemuro
* Oshima
* Shiribeshi
* Teshio
* Tokachi

Pre-Taihō Code
provinces|

Chichibu
Fusa

Keno
Kibi
Koshi
Kumaso
Toyo
Tsukushi

Source: Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Provinces and prefectures" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 780, p. 780, at Google Books; excerpt,

"Japan's former provinces were converted into prefectures by the Meiji government ... [and] grouped, according to geographic position, into the 'five provinces of the Kinai' and 'seven circuits'."
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