Satyajit Ray

Indian filmmaker and writer (1921–1992)

Satyajit Ray

Ray in New York, 1981

Born| (1921-05-02)2 May 1921

Calcutta, Bengal Presidency, British India (present-day Kolkata, West Bengal, India)

Died| 23 April 1992(1992-04-23) (aged 70)

Calcutta, West Bengal, India

Alma mater|

* Presidency College (BA)
* Visva-Bharati University (MA)

Occupations|

* Film director
* writer
* illustrator
* music composer
* lyricist
* author
* essayist
* calligrapher

Years active| 1950–1992
Works|

* Filmography
* bibliography
* calligraphy

Spouse|

Bijoya Ray

(m. 1949)​

Children| Sandip Ray
Parent|

* Sukumar Ray (father)

Relatives|

* Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury (grandfather)
* Shukhalata Rao (aunt)

Awards| Full list
Honors|

* Padma Shri (1958)
* Padma Bhushan (1965)
* Padma Vibhushan (1976)
* Dadasaheb Phalke Award (1984)
* Academy Honorary Award (1992)[1][2][3][4][5][6]
* Commander of the Legion of Honour (1987)
* Bharat Ratna (1992)

Signature

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Satyajit Ray (Bengali pronunciation: [ˈʃotːodʒit ˈrae̯] ⓘ; 2 May 1921 – 23 April 1992) was an Indian director, screenwriter, documentary filmmaker, author, essayist, lyricist, magazine editor, illustrator, calligrapher, and composer. Ray is widely considered one of the greatest and most influential film directors in the history of cinema.[7][8][9][10][11] He is celebrated for works including The Apu Trilogy (1955–1959),[12] The Music Room (1958), The Big City (1963) and Charulata (1964) and the Goopy–Bagha trilogy.

Ray was born in Calcutta to author Sukumar Ray. Starting his career as a commercial artist, Ray was drawn into independent film-making after meeting French filmmaker Jean Renoir and viewing Vittorio De Sica's Italian neorealist film Bicycle Thieves (1948) during a visit to London.

Ray directed 36 films, including feature films, documentaries, and shorts. Ray's first film, Pather Panchali (1955) won eleven international prizes, including the inaugural Best Human Document award at the 1956 Cannes Film Festival. This film, along with Aparajito (1956) and Apur Sansar (The World of Apu) (1959), form The Apu Trilogy. Ray did the scripting, casting, scoring, and editing, and designed his own credit titles and publicity material. He also authored several short stories and novels, primarily for young children and teenagers. Popular characters created by Ray include Feluda the sleuth, Professor Shonku the scientist, Tarini Khuro the storyteller, and Lalmohan Ganguly the novelist.

Ray received many major awards in his career, including a record thirty-six Indian National Film Awards, a Golden Lion, a Golden Bear, two Silver Bears, many additional awards at international film festivals and ceremonies, and an Academy Honorary Award in 1992. In 1978, he was awarded an honorary degree by Oxford University. The Government of India honoured him with the Bharat Ratna, its highest civilian award in 1992. On the occasion of the birth centenary of Ray, the International Film Festival of India, in recognition of the auteur's legacy, rechristened in 2021 its annual Lifetime Achievement award to "Satyajit Ray Lifetime Achievement Award".

## Background, early life and career[edit]

### Lineage[edit]

Satyajit Ray's ancestry can be traced back for at least ten generations.[13] His family had acquired the name 'Ray. Although they were Bengali Kayasthas, the Rays were 'Vaishnavas' (worshippers of Vishnu),[13] as opposed to the majority of Bengali Kayasthas who were 'Shaktos' (worshippers of the Shakti or Shiva).[14]

The earliest-recorded ancestor of Ray family was Ramsunder Deo (Deb), born in the middle of the sixteenth century.[13][15] He was a native of Chakdah village in Nadia district of present-day West Bengal, India and migrated to Sherpur in East Bengal. He became son-in-law of the ruler of Jashodal and was granted a jagir (a feudal land grant) at Jashodal (in present day Kishoreganj District of Bangladesh).[16] His descendants migrated to the village Masua in Katiadi Upazila of Kishoreganj in the first half of eighteenth century.[16][17] Satyajit Ray's grandfather Upendrakishore Ray was born in Masua village, Kishorganj in 1863.[15] Upendrakishore's elder brother Saradaranjan Ray was one of the pioneers of Indian cricket who was called the W.G. Grace of India.

Upendrakishore Ray was a writer, illustrator, philosopher, publisher, amateur astronomer, and a leader of the Brahmo Samaj, a religious and social movement in 19th-century Bengal. He set up a printing press named U. Ray and Sons.[18]

Sukumar Ray who also born in Kishorganj, Upendrakishore's son and father of Satyajit, was an illustrator, critic, and a pioneering Bengali writer of nonsense rhyme (Abol Tabol) and children's literature.[18] Social worker and children's book author Shukhalata Rao was his aunt.[19]

### Early life and education[edit]

Sukumar Ray and Suprabha Ray, parents of Satyajit Ray (1914)

Satyajit Ray was born to Sukumar Ray and Suprabha Ray (nee Das Gupta) in Calcutta (now Kolkata). Sukumar Ray died when Satyajit was two years old.[20] Ray grew up in the house of his grandfather, Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury, and of his printing press. He was attracted by the machines and process of printing from an early age, and took particular interest in the production process of Sandesh, a children's magazine started by Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury.[21] Ray studied at Ballygunge Government High School in Calcutta, and completed his BA in economics at Presidency College, Calcutta (then affiliated with the University of Calcutta). During his school days, he saw a number of Hollywood productions in cinema.[22] The works of Charlie Chaplin, Buster Keaton, Harold Lloyd, Ernst Lubitsch and movies such as The Thief of Baghdad and Uncle Tom's Cabin made lasting impression on his mind.[22] He developed keen interest in Western classical music.[23]

Ray in 1940

In 1940, his mother insisted that he study at Visva-Bharati University in Santiniketan, founded by Rabindranath Tagore. Ray was reluctant to go, due to his fondness for Calcutta and the low regard for the intellectual life at Santiniketan.[24] His mother's persuasiveness and his respect for Tagore finally convinced him to get admitted there for higher studies in Fine Art. In Santiniketan, Ray came to appreciate Oriental art. He later admitted that he learned much from the famous painters Nandalal Bose and Benode Behari Mukherjee.[25] He later produced a documentary, The Inner Eye, about Mukherjee. His visits to Ajanta, Ellora and Elephanta stimulated his admiration for Indian art.[26] Three books that he read in the university influenced him to become a serious student of film-making: Paul Rotha's The Film Till Now, and two books on theory by Rudolf Arnheim and Raymond Spottiswoode.[27] Ray dropped out of the art course in 1942 as he could not feel inspired to become a painter.[27]

### Visual artist[edit]

In 1943, Ray started working at D.J. Keymer, a British advertising agency, as a junior visualiser. Here he was trained in Indian commercial art under artist Annada Munshi, the then Art Director of D.J. Keymer.[28] Although he liked visual design (graphic design) and he was mostly treated well, there was tension between the British and Indian employees of the firm. The British were better paid, and Ray felt that "the clients were generally stupid."[29] In 1943, Ray started a second job for the Signet Press, a new publishing house started by D.K. Gupta.[30] Gupta asked Ray to create book cover designs for the company and gave him complete artistic freedom. Ray established himself as a commercial illustrator, becoming a leading Indian typographer and book-jacket designer.[31]

Ray designed covers for many books, including Jibanananda Das's Banalata Sen and Rupasi Bangla, Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay's Chander Pahar, Jim Corbett's Maneaters of Kumaon, and Jawaharlal Nehru's Discovery of India.[30] He worked on a children's version of Pather Panchali, a classic Bengali novel by Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay, renamed Aam Antir Bhepu (The mango-seed whistle). Ray designed the cover and illustrated the book, and was deeply influenced by the work. He used it as the subject of his first film and featured his illustrations as shots in his ground-breaking film.[32]

The facade of Satyajit Ray's house in Kolkata (Calcutta)

Ray befriended the American soldiers stationed in Calcutta during World War II, who kept him informed about the latest American films showing in the city. He came to know an RAF employee, Norman Clare, who shared Ray's passion for films, chess and western classical music.[33] Ray was a regular in the addas (freestyle casual conversations) at Coffee House where several intellectuals frequented. He formed lasting association with some of the compatriots, such as Bansi Chandragupta (who late became a celebrated art director), Kamal Kumar Majumdar (a polymath and author of stylish prose), Radha Prasad Gupta, Chidananda Das Gupta (film critic).[34] Along with Chidananda Dasgupta and others, Ray founded the Calcutta Film Society in 1947.[35] They screened many foreign films, many of which Ray watched and seriously studied, including several American and Russian films.[36] The use of Indian music and dancing in the 1948 Indian film Kalpana (transl. Imagination), directed by the celebrated dancer Uday Shankar, had impact on Ray.[37] In 1949, Ray married Bijoya Das, his first cousin and long-time sweetheart.[38] The couple had a son, Sandip Ray, a film director.[39] In the same year, French director Jean Renoir came to Calcutta to shoot his film The River. Ray helped him to find locations in the countryside. Ray told Renoir about his idea of filming Pather Panchali, which had long been on his mind, and Renoir encouraged him in the project.[40]

In 1950, D.J. Keymer sent Ray to London to work at the headquarters. During his six months in London, Ray watched 99 films, including Alexander Dovzhenko's Earth (1930) and Jean Renoir's The Rules of the Game (1939).[41] However, the film that had the most profound effect on him was the neorealist film Ladri di biciclette (Bicycle Thieves) (1948) by Vittorio De Sica.[42] Ray later said that he walked out of the theatre determined to become a filmmaker.[42]

## Film career[edit]

### The Apu years (1950–1959)[edit]

See also: The Apu Trilogy and Satyajit Ray filmography

After being "deeply moved" by Pather Panchali,[43] the 1928 classic Bildungsroman of Bengali literature, Ray decided to adapt it for his first film. Pather Panchali is a semi-autobiographical novel describing the maturation of Apu, a small boy in a Bengal village.[44] Pather Panchali did not have a script; it was made from Ray's drawings and notes.[45] Before principal photography began, he created a storyboard dealing with details and continuity.[46] Years later, he donated those drawings and notes to Cinémathèque Française.[47]

Ray with Ravi Sankar, recording for Pather Panchali (1955)

Ray gathered an inexperienced crew, although both his cameraman Subrata Mitra and art director Bansi Chandragupta would go on to achieve great acclaim. The cast consisted of mostly amateur actors. After unsuccessful attempts to persuade many producers to finance the project, Ray started shooting in late 1952 with his personal savings and hoped to raise more money once he had some footage shot, but did not succeed on his terms.[48] As a result, Ray shot Pather Panchali over two and a half years, an unusually long period.[48] He refused funding from sources who wanted to change the script or exercise supervision over production. He also ignored advice from the Indian government to incorporate a happy ending, but he did receive funding that allowed him to complete the film.[49]

Monroe Wheeler, head of the department of exhibitions and publications at New York's Museum of Modern Art (MoMA),[50] heard about the project when he visited Calcutta in 1954. He considered the incomplete footage to be of high quality and encouraged Ray to finish the film so that it could be shown at a MoMA exhibition the following year.[51] Six months later, American director John Huston, on a visit to India for some early location scouting for The Man Who Would Be King, saw excerpts of the unfinished film and recognised "the work of a great film-maker".[52]

With a loan from the West Bengal government, Ray finally completed the film; it was released in 1955 to critical acclaim. It earned numerous awards and had long theatrical runs in India and abroad. The Times of India wrote "It is absurd to compare it with any other Indian cinema [...] Pather Panchali is pure cinema."[53] In the United Kingdom, Lindsay Anderson wrote a positive review of the film.[53] However, the film also gained negative reactions; François Truffaut was reported to have said, "I don't want to see a movie of peasants eating with their hands."[54] Bosley Crowther, then the most influential critic of The New York Times, criticised the film's loose structure and conceded that it "takes patience to be enjoyed".[55] Edward Harrison, an American distributor was worried that Crowther's review would dissuade audiences, but the film enjoyed an eight months theatrical run in the United States.[56]

Ray's international career started in earnest after the success of his next film, the second in The Apu Trilogy, Aparajito (1956) (The Unvanquished).[57] This film depicts the eternal struggle between the ambitions of a young man, Apu, and the mother who loves him.[57] Upon release, Aparajito won the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival, bringing Ray considerable acclaim.[58] In a retrospective review, Edward Guthmann of the San Francisco Chronicle praised Ray for his ability to capture emotions, and blend music with storytelling to create a "flawless" picture.[59] Critics such as Mrinal Sen and Ritwik Ghatak rank it higher than Ray's first film.[57]

Ray directed and released two other films in 1958: the comic Parash Pathar (The Philosopher's Stone), and Jalsaghar (The Music Room), a film about the decadence of the Zamindars, considered one of his most important works.[60] Time Out magazine gave Jalsaghar a positive review, describing it as "slow, rapt and hypnotic".[61]

While making Aparajito, Ray had not planned a trilogy, but after he was asked about the idea in Venice, it appealed to him.[62] He finished the last of the trilogy, Apur Sansar (The World of Apu) in 1959. Ray introduced two of his favourite actors, Soumitra Chatterjee and Sharmila Tagore, in this film. It opens with Apu living in a Calcutta house in near-poverty; he becomes involved in an unusual marriage with Aparna. The scenes of their life together form "one of the cinema's classic affirmative depictions of married life."[63] Critics Robin Wood and Aparna Sen thought it was a major achievement to mark the end of the trilogy.

After Apur Sansar was harshly criticised by a Bengali critic, Ray wrote an article defending it. He rarely responded to critics during his filmmaking career, but also later defended his film Charulata, his personal favourite.[64] Critic Roger Ebert summarised the trilogy as "It is about a time, place and culture far removed from our own, and yet it connects directly and deeply with our human feelings. It is like a prayer, affirming that this is what the cinema can be, no matter how far in our cynicism we may stray."[65]

Despite Ray's success, it had little influence on his personal life in the years to come. He continued to live with his wife and children in a rented house on Lake Avenue in South Calcutta,[66] with his mother, uncle and other members of his extended family.[67] The home is currently owned by ISKCON.

### From Devi to Charulata (1959–1964)[edit]

During this period, Ray made films about the British Raj period, a documentary on Tagore, a comic film (Mahapurush) and his first film from an original screenplay ('Kanchenjungha'). He also made a series of films that, taken together, are considered by critics among the most deeply felt portrayals of Indian women on screen.[68]

Ray followed Apur Sansar with 1960's Devi (The Goddess), a film in which he examined the superstitions in society. Sharmila Tagore starred as Doyamoyee, a young wife who is deified by her father-in-law. Ray was worried that the Central Board of Film Certification might block his film, or at least make him re-cut it, but Devi was spared. Upon international distribution, the critic from Chicago Reader described the film as "full of sensuality and ironic undertones".[69]

In 1961, on the insistence of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, Ray was commissioned to make Rabindranath Tagore, based on the poet of the same name, on the occasion of his birth centennial, a tribute to the person who likely most influenced Ray. Due to limited footage of Tagore, Ray was challenged by the necessity of making the film mainly with static material. He said that it took as much work as three feature films.[70]

In the same year, together with Subhas Mukhopadhyay and others, Ray was able to revive Sandesh, the children's magazine which his grandfather had founded.[18] Ray had been saving money for some years to make this possible. A duality in the name (Sandesh means both "news" in Bengali and also a sweet popular dessert) set the tone of the magazine (both educational and entertaining). Ray began to make illustrations for it, as well as to write stories and essays for children. Writing eventually became a steady source of income.[71]

In 1962, Ray directed Kanchenjungha, Based on his first original screenplay, it was also his first colour film. It tells the story of an upper-class family spending an afternoon in Darjeeling, a picturesque hill town in West Bengal. They try to arrange the engagement of their youngest daughter to a highly paid engineer educated in London.

Ray had first conceived shooting the film in a large mansion, but later decided to film it in the famous town. He used many shades of light and mist to reflect the tension in the drama. Ray noted that while his script allowed shooting to be possible under any lighting conditions, a commercial film crew in Darjeeling failed to shoot a single scene, as they only wanted to do so in sunshine.[72] The New York Times' Bosley Crowther gave the film a mixed review; he praised Ray's "soft and relaxed" filmmaking but thought the characters were clichés.[73]

Poster for Mahanagar (1963)

In 1964, Ray directed Charulata (The Lonely Wife). One of Ray's favourite films, it was regarded by many critics as his most accomplished.[74] Based on Tagore's short story, Nastanirh (Broken Nest), the film tells of a lonely wife, Charu, in 19th-century Bengal, and her growing feelings for her brother-in-law Amal. In retrospective reviews, The Guardian called it "extraordinarily vivid and fresh",[75] while The Sydney Morning Herald praised Madhabi Mukherjee's casting, the film's visual style, and its camera movements.[76] Ray said the film contained the fewest flaws among his work and it was his only work which, given a chance, he would make exactly the same way.[77] At the 15th Berlin International Film Festival, Charulata earned him a Silver Bear for Best Director.[78] Other films in this period include Mahanagar (The Big City), Teen Kanya (Three Daughters), Abhijan (The Expedition), Kapurush (The Coward) and Mahapurush (Holy Man). The first of these, Mahanagar drew praise from British critics; Philip French opined that it was one of Ray's best.[79][80]

Also in the 1960s, Ray visited Japan and took pleasure in meeting filmmaker Akira Kurosawa, whom he highly regarded.[81]

### New directions (1965–1982)[edit]

In the post-Charulata period, Ray took on various projects, from fantasy, science fiction, and detective stories to historical dramas. Ray also experimented during this period, exploring contemporary issues of Indian life in response to the perceived lack of these issues in his films.

The first major film in this period is 1966's Nayak (The Hero), the story of a screen hero travelling in a train and meeting a young, sympathetic female journalist. Starring Uttam Kumar and Sharmila Tagore, in the twenty-four hours of the journey, the film explores the inner conflict of the apparently highly successful matinée idol. Although the film received a "Critics Prize" at the Berlin International Film Festival, it had a generally muted reception.[82]

In 1967, Ray wrote a script for a film to be called The Alien, based on his short story "Bankubabur Bandhu" ("Banku Babu's Friend"), which he wrote in 1962 for Sandesh magazine. It was planned to be a U.S. and India co-production with Columbia Pictures, with Marlon Brando and Peter Sellers cast in the leading roles. Ray found that his script had been copyrighted and the fee appropriated by Michael Wilson. Wilson had initially approached Ray through their mutual friend, Arthur C. Clarke, to represent him in Hollywood. Wilson copyrighted the script credited to Mike Wilson & Satyajit Ray, although he contributed only one word. Ray later said that he never received compensation for the script.[83] After Brando dropped out of the project, the producers tried to replace him with James Coburn, but Ray became disillusioned and returned to Calcutta.[83] Columbia attempted to revive the project, without success, in the 1970s and 1980s.

In 1969, Ray directed one of his most commercially successful films; a musical fantasy based on a children's story written by his grandfather, Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne (The Adventures of Goopy and Bagha).[84] It is about the journey of Goopy the singer, and Bagha the drummer, endowed with three gifts by the King of Ghosts, to stop an impending war between two neighbouring kingdoms. One of his most expensive projects, the film was also difficult to finance. Ray abandoned his desire to shoot it in colour, as he turned down an offer that would have forced him to cast a certain Hindi film actor as the lead.[85] He also composed the songs and music for the film.[86]

Next, Ray directed the film adaptation of a novel by the poet and writer, Sunil Gangopadhyay. Featuring a musical motif structure acclaimed as more complex than Charulata,[87] Aranyer Din Ratri (1970) (Days and Nights in the Forest) follows four urban young men going to the forests for a vacation. They try to leave their daily lives behind, but one of them encounters women, and it becomes a deep study of the Indian middle class.[88] First shown at the New York Film Festival in 1970, critic Pauline Kael wrote "Satyajit Ray's films can give rise to a more complex feeling of happiness in me than the work of any other director [...] No artist has done more than Ray to make us reevaluate the commonplace".[89] Writing for the BBC in 2002, Jamie Russell complimented the script, pacing and mixture of emotions.[90] According to one critic, Robin Wood, "a single sequence [of the film] ... would offer material for a short essay".[87]

After Aranyer Din Ratri, Ray addressed contemporary Bengali life. He completed what became known as the Calcutta trilogy: Pratidwandi (1970), Seemabaddha (1971), and Jana Aranya (1975), three films that were conceived separately but had similar themes.[91] The trilogy focuses on repression, with male protagonists encountering the forbidden.[92] Pratidwandi (The Adversary) is about an idealist young graduate; while disillusioned by the end of film, he is still uncorrupted. Seemabaddha (Company Limited) portrayed a successful man giving up his morality for further gains. Jana Aranya (The Middleman) depicted a young man giving in to the culture of corruption to earn a living. In the first film, Pratidwandi, Ray introduces new narrative techniques, such as scenes in negative, dream sequences, and abrupt flashbacks.[91]

Also in the 1970s, Ray adapted two of his popular stories as detective films. Although mainly aimed at children and young adults, both Sonar Kella (The Golden Fortress) and Joi Baba Felunath (The Elephant God) became cult favourites.[93] In a 2019 review of Sonar Kella, critic Rouven Linnarz was impressed with its use of Indian classical instruments to generate "mysterious progression".[94]

Ray considered making a film on the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War but later abandoned the idea, saying that, as a filmmaker, he was more interested in the travails of the refugees and not the politics.[95] In 1977, Ray completed Shatranj Ke Khilari (The Chess Players), a Hindustani film based on a short story by Munshi Premchand. It was set in Lucknow in the state of Oudh, a year before the Indian Rebellion of 1857. A commentary on issues related to the colonisation of India by the British, it was Ray's first feature film in a language other than Bengali. It starred a high-profile cast including Sanjeev Kumar, Saeed Jaffrey, Amjad Khan, Shabana Azmi, Victor Bannerjee and Richard Attenborough.[96] Despite the film's limited budget, The Washington Post critic gave it a positive review; "He [Ray] possesses what many overindulged Hollywood filmmakers often lack: a view of history".[97]

In 1980, Ray made a sequel to Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne, a somewhat political Hirak Rajar Deshe (Kingdom of Diamonds). The kingdom of the evil Diamond King, or Hirok Raj, is an allusion to India during Indira Gandhi's emergency period.[98] Along with his acclaimed short film Pikoo (Pikoo's Diary) and hour-long Hindi film, Sadgati, this was the culmination of his work in this period.[99]

When E.T. was released in 1982, Clarke and Ray saw similarities in the film to his earlier The Alien script; Ray claimed that E.T. plagiarised his script. Ray said that Steven Spielberg's film "would not have been possible without my script of 'The Alien' being available throughout America in mimeographed copies." Spielberg denied any plagiarism by saying, "I was a kid in high school when this script was circulating in Hollywood." (Spielberg actually graduated high school in 1965 and released his first film in 1968).[100] Besides The Alien, two other unrealised projects that Ray had intended to direct were adaptations of the ancient Indian epic, the Mahābhārata, and E. M. Forster's 1924 novel A Passage to India.[101]

### Final years (1983–1992)[edit]

Ray became the first Indian to receive an Honorary Academy Award in 1992.

In 1983, while working on Ghare Baire (Home and the World), Ray suffered a heart attack; it would severely limit his productivity in the remaining nine years of his life. Ghare Baire, an adaptation of the novel of the same name, was completed in 1984 with the help of Ray's son, who served as a camera operator from then onward. It is about the dangers of fervent nationalism; he wrote the first draft of a script for it in the 1940s.[102] Despite rough patches due to Ray's illness, the film did receive some acclaim; critic Vincent Canby gave the film a maximum rating of five stars and praised the performances of the three lead actors.[103] It also featured the first kiss scene portrayed in Ray's films.

In 1987, Ray recovered to an extent to direct the 1990 film Shakha Proshakha (Branches of the Tree).[104] It depicts an old man, who has lived a life of honesty, and learns of the corruption of three of his sons. The final scene shows the father finding solace only in the companionship of his fourth son, who is uncorrupted but mentally ill due to a head injury sustained while he was studying in England.

Ray's last film, Agantuk (The Stranger), is lighter in mood but not in theme; when a long-lost uncle arrives to visit his niece in Calcutta, he arouses suspicion as to his motive. It provokes far-ranging questions in the film about civilisation.[105] Critic Hal Hinson was impressed, and thought Agantuk shows "all the virtues of a master artist in full maturity".[106]

A heavy smoker but non-drinker, Ray valued work more than anything else. He would work 12 hours a day, and go to bed at two o'clock in the morning. He also enjoyed collecting antiques, manuscripts, rare gramophone records, paintings and rare books.[107] On his religious views, he was an atheist.[108]

In 1992, Ray's health deteriorated due to heart complications. He was admitted to a hospital but never recovered. Twenty-four days before his death, Ray was presented with an Honorary Academy Award by Audrey Hepburn via video-link; he was in gravely ill condition, but gave an acceptance speech, calling it the "best achievement of [his] movie-making career."[109] He died on 23 April 1992, at age 70.[110]

## Literary works[edit]

Main article: Literary works of Satyajit Ray

Ray created two popular fictional characters in Bengali children's literature— Pradosh Chandra Mitter (Mitra) alias Feluda, a sleuth, and Professor Shonku, a scientist. The Feluda stories are narrated by Tapesh Ranjan Mitra aka Topshe, his teenage cousin, something of a Watson to Feluda's Holmes. The science fiction stories of Shonku are presented as a diary discovered after the scientist had mysteriously disappeared.

Ray also wrote a collection of nonsense verse named Today Bandha Ghorar Dim, which includes a translation of Lewis Carroll's "Jabberwocky". He wrote a collection of humorous stories of Mullah Nasiruddin in Bengali.[111]

His short stories were published as collections of 12 stories, in which the overall title played with the word twelve (for example Aker pitthe dui, or literally "Two on top of one"). Ray's interest in puzzles and puns is reflected in his stories. Ray's short stories give full rein to his interest in the macabre, in suspense and other aspects that he avoided in film, making for an interesting psychological study.[112] Most of his writings have been translated into English. Most of his screenplays have been published in Bengali in the literary journal Eksan. Ray wrote an autobiography about his childhood years, Jakhan Choto Chilam (1982), translated to English as Childhood Days: A Memoir by his wife Bijoya Ray.[113] In 1994, Ray published his memoir, My Years with Apu, about his experiences of making The Apu Trilogy.[114]

He also wrote essays on film, published as the collections: Our Films, Their Films (1976), Bishoy Chalachchitra (1976), and Ekei Bole Shooting (1979). During the mid-1990s, Ray's film essays and an anthology of short stories were also published in English in the West. Our Films, Their Films is an anthology of film criticism by Ray. The book contains articles and personal journal excerpts. The book is presented in two sections: Ray first discusses Indian film, before turning his attention toward Hollywood, specific filmmakers (Charlie Chaplin and Akira Kurosawa), and movements such as Italian neorealism. His book Bishoy Chalachchitra was published in translation in 2006 as Speaking of Films. It contains a compact description of his philosophy of different aspects of the cinemas.[115]

"Project Tiger" by Ray is both a comedical and a success prose made by him. It deals with a scene in the movie Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne when he needed a tiger in his film which was brought from Bharat circus which was doing shows in then Calcutta; the scene was reshooted both at Shuiri and Boral (The shooting location of the movie Pather Panchali) because of the tiger's behaviour. It ended well at the end as the scene was shot successfully.[116]

## Calligraphy and design[edit]

Ray designed four typefaces for roman script named Ray Roman, Ray Bizarre, Daphnis, and Holiday script, apart from numerous Bengali ones for the Sandesh magazine.[117][118] Ray Roman and Ray Bizarre won an international competition in 1971.[119]

In certain circles of Calcutta, Ray continued to be known as an eminent graphic designer, well into his film career. Ray illustrated all his books and designed covers for them, as well as creating all publicity material for his films, for example, Ray's artistic playing with the Bengali graphemes was also revealed in the cine posters and cine promo-brochures' covers. He also designed covers of several books by other authors.[120] His calligraphic technique reflects the deep impact of (a) the artistic pattern of European musical staff notation in the graphemic syntagms and (b) alpana ("ritual painting" mainly practised by Bengali women at the time of religious festivals (the term denotes 'to coat with'). Generally categorised as "Folk"-Art cf. in Ray's graphemes representations.[citation needed]

Thus, so-called division between classical and folk art is blurred in Ray's representation of Bengali graphemes. The three-tier X-height of Bengali graphemes was presented in a manner of musical map and the contours, curves in between horizontal and vertical meeting-point, follow the patterns of alpana. It is also noticed that the metamorphosis of graphemes (this might be designated as "Archewriting") as a living object/subject in Ray's positive manipulation of Bengali graphemes.[121]

As a graphic designer, Ray designed most of his film posters, combining folk art and calligraphy to create themes ranging from mysterious, surreal to comical; an exhibition for his posters was held at British Film Institute in 2013.[122] He would master every style of visual art, and could mimic any painter, as evidenced in his book and magazine covers, posters, literary illustrations and advertisement campaigns.[123]

## Filmmaking style and influences[edit]

Ray had been subconsciously paying a tribute to Jean Renoir throughout his career, who influenced him the most. He also acknowledged Vittorio De Sica, whom he thought represented Italian Neorealism best, and taught him the cramming of cinematic details into a single shot, and using amateur actors and actresses.[124] Ray professed to have learnt the craft of cinema from Old Hollywood directors such as John Ford, Billy Wilder and Ernst Lubitsch. He had deep respect and admiration for his contemporaries Akira Kurosawa and Ingmar Bergman, whom he considered giants.[124] Among others, he learnt the use of freeze frame shots from François Truffaut, and jump cuts, fades and dissolves from Jean-Luc Godard. Although he admired Godard's "revolutionary" early phase, he thought his later phase was "alien".[88] Ray adored his peer Michelangelo Antonioni, but hated Blowup, which he considered having "very little inner movement". He was also impressed with Stanley Kubrick's work.[125] Although Ray stated to have had very little influence from Sergei Eisenstein, films such as Pather Panchali, Aparajito, Charulata and Sadgati contains scenes which show striking uses of montage. He also had sketches of Eisenstein.[123]

Ray considered script-writing to be an integral part of direction. Initially he refused to make a film in any language other than Bengali. In his two non-Bengali feature films, he wrote the script in English; translators adapted it into Hindustani under Ray's supervision.

Ray's eye for detail was matched by that of his art director Bansi Chandragupta. His influence on the early films was so important that Ray would always write scripts in English before creating a Bengali version, so that the non-Bengali Chandragupta would be able to read it. Subrata Mitra's cinematography garnered praise in Ray's films, although some critics thought that Mitra's eventual departure from Ray lowered its quality. Mitra stopped working for him after Nayak. Mitra developed "bounce lighting", a technique to reflect light from cloth to create a diffused, realistic light even on a set.[126][127]

Ray's regular film editor was Dulal Datta, but the director usually dictated the editing while Datta did the actual work. Due to finances and Ray's meticulous planning, his films (apart from Pather Panchali) were mostly cut in-camera.

At the beginning of his career, Ray worked with Indian classical musicians, including Ravi Shankar, Vilayat Khan, and Ali Akbar Khan. He found that their first loyalty was to musical traditions, and not to his film. He obtained a greater understanding of Western classical forms, which he wanted to use for his films set in an urban milieu.[128] Starting with Teen Kanya, Ray began to compose his own scores.[129] Beethoven was Ray's favourite composer; Ray also went on to become a distinguished connoisseur of Western classical music in India.[130] The narrative structure of Ray's films are represented by musical forms such as sonata, fugue and rondo. Kanchenjunga, Nayak and Aranyer Din Ratri are examples of this structure.[130]

The director cast actors from diverse backgrounds, from well-known stars to people who had never seen a film (as in Aparajito).[131] Robin Wood and others have lauded him as the best director of children, recalling memorable performances in the roles of Apu and Durga (Pather Panchali), Ratan (Postmaster) and Mukul (Sonar Kella). Depending on the actor's skill and experience, Ray varied the intensity of his direction, from virtually nothing with actors such as Utpal Dutt, to using the actor as a puppet (Subir Banerjee as young Apu or Sharmila Tagore as Aparna).[132]

Actors who had worked for Ray trusted him, but said that he could also treat incompetence with total contempt.[133] With admiration of his cinematic style and craft, director Roger Manvell said, "In the restrained style he has adopted, Ray has become a master of technique. He takes his timing from the nature of the people and their environment; his camera is the intent, unobtrusive observer of reactions; his editing the discreet, economical transition from one value to the next."[134] Ray credited life to be the best kind of inspiration for cinema; he said, "For a popular medium, the best kind of inspiration should derive from life and have its roots in it. No amount of technical polish can make up for artificiality of the theme and the dishonesty of treatment."[134]

## Critical and popular responses[edit]

Ray's work has been described as full of humanism and universality, and of a deceptive simplicity with deep underlying complexity.[135][136] The Japanese director Akira Kurosawa said, "Not to have seen the cinema of Ray means existing in the world without seeing the sun or the moon."[137][138] But his detractors find his films glacially slow, moving like a "majestic snail."[74] Some critics find his work anti-modern; they criticise him for lacking the new modes of expression or experimentation found in works of Ray's contemporaries, such as Jean-Luc Godard.[139] As Stanley Kauffmann wrote, some critics believe that Ray assumes that viewers "can be interested in a film that simply dwells in its characters, rather than one that imposes dramatic patterns on their lives."[140] Ray said he could do nothing about the slow pace. Kurosawa defended him by saying that Ray's films were not slow; "His work can be described as flowing composedly, like a big river".[141]

Critics have often compared Ray to Anton Chekhov, Jean Renoir, Vittorio De Sica, Howard Hawks and Mozart. The writer V. S. Naipaul compared a scene in Shatranj Ki Khiladi (The Chess Players) to a Shakespearean play; he wrote, "only three hundred words are spoken but goodness! – terrific things happen."[63][142][143] Even critics who did not like the aesthetics of Ray's films generally acknowledged his ability to encompass a whole culture with all its nuances. Ray's obituary in The Independent included the question, "Who else can compete?"[144]

His work was promoted in France by The Studio des Ursuline cinema. French photographer Henri Cartier-Bresson described Ray as "undoubtedly a giant in the film world".[145] With positive admiration for most of Ray's films, critic Roger Ebert cited The Apu Trilogy among the greatest films.[146] Vincent Canby once wrote about Ray's films "no matter what the particular story, no matter what the social-political circumstances of the characters, the cinema of Satyajit Ray (the Apu trilogy, The Music Room, Distant Thunder and The Chess Players, among others) is so exquisitely realized that an entire world is evoked from comparatively limited details."[147]

Praising his contribution to the world of cinema, Martin Scorsese said: "His work is in the company of that of living contemporaries like Ingmar Bergman, Akira Kurosawa and Federico Fellini."[148] Francis Ford Coppola cited Ray as a major influence;[149] he praised 1960's Devi, which Coppola considers as his best work and a "cinematic milestone"; Coppola admits to learning Indian cinema through Ray's works.[150] On a trip to India, Christopher Nolan expressed his admiration for Ray's Pather Panchali. Nolan said, "I have had the pleasure of watching [Satyajit Ray's] Pather Panchali recently, which I hadn't seen before. I think it is one of the best films ever made. It is an extraordinary piece of work."[149]

Politics and ego have also influenced debate regarding Ray's work. Certain advocates of socialism claim that Ray was not "committed" to the cause of the nation's downtrodden classes while some critics accused him of glorifying poverty in Pather Panchali and Ashani Sanket (Distant Thunder) through lyricism and aesthetics. They said he provided no solution to conflicts in the stories, and was unable to overcome his bourgeois background. During the naxalite movements in the 1970s, agitators once came close to causing physical harm to his son, Sandip.[151]

In early 1980, Ray was criticised by an Indian M.P., and former actress Nargis Dutt, who accused Ray of "exporting poverty". She wanted him to make films that represent "Modern India".[152] In a highly public exchange of letters during the 1960s, Ray harshly criticised the film Akash Kusum by colleague Mrinal Sen.[153] Ray said that Sen only attacked "easy targets", for example the Bengali middle classes. That Akash Kusum bore some resemblance to Parash Pathar, a film Sen had admitted to not liking, may have played a role in fracturing their previously cordial relationship. Ray would continue to make films on this "easy target" demographic, including Pratidwandi and Jana Aranya (set during the naxalite movement in Bengal), and the two filmmakers would continue to trade praise and criticism the rest of their careers.

## Legacy[edit]

Ray on a 1994 stamp of India Portrait of Satyajit Ray by Rishiraj Sahoo in 1997

Ray is considered one of the greatest film directors of all time.[154][155][156][157][158] He is a cultural icon in India and in Bengali communities worldwide.[159] Following his death, the city of Calcutta came to a virtual standstill, as hundreds of thousands of people gathered around his house to pay their last respects.[160] Ray's influence has been widespread and deep in Bengali cinema; many Bengali directors, including Aparna Sen, Rituparno Ghosh and Gautam Ghose as well as Vishal Bhardwaj, Dibakar Banerjee, Shyam Benegal and Sujoy Ghosh from Hindi cinema in India, Tareq Masud and Tanvir Mokammel in Bangladesh, and Aneel Ahmad in England, have been influenced by his craft. Across the spectrum, filmmakers such as Budhdhadeb Dasgupta, Mrinal Sen and Adoor Gopalakrishnan have acknowledged his seminal contribution to Indian cinema.[161] Beyond India, filmmakers Martin Scorsese,[162][163] Francis Ford Coppola, George Lucas,[164] James Ivory,[165] Abbas Kiarostami, Elia Kazan, William Wyler,[166] François Truffaut,[167] John Huston,[168] Carlos Saura,[169] Isao Takahata,[170] Oliver Stone[171] Quentin Tarantino, Wes Anderson,[172] Danny Boyle[173] Christopher Nolan,[149] and many other international filmmakers have been influenced by Ray's cinematic style.[137]

Gregory Nava's 1995 film My Family had a final scene that was reminiscent of Apur Sansar. Ira Sachs's 2005 work Forty Shades of Blue was a loose remake of Charulata. Other references to Ray's films are found, for example, in 2006's Sacred Evil,[174] and the Elements trilogy by Deepa Mehta.[175] According to Michael Sragow of The Atlantic Monthly, the "youthful coming-of-age dramas that have flooded art houses since the mid-fifties owe a tremendous debt to The Apu Trilogy".[176] Kanchenjungha introduced a narrative structure that resembles later hyperlink cinema.[177] Pratidwandi helped pioneer photo-negative flashback and X-ray digression techniques.[178] Together with Madhabi Mukherjee, Ray was the first Indian film figure to be featured on a foreign stamp (Dominica).

Iranian filmmaker Majid Majidi has expressed deep admiration for Ray. While discussing the inspiration for his first feature film on India, Beyond the Clouds (2017), Majidi said, "I have learned a lot about India based on the works of remarkable Indian director Satyajit Ray so it was my dream to make a film in his land. His view point is very valuable to me and I love whatever he has done, so one of the main reasons behind making this film is my admiration for Satyajit Ray and his work".[179] Wes Anderson said that his 2007 film, The Darjeeling Limited, is dedicated to Ray.[180]

Many literary works include references to Ray or his work, including Saul Bellow's Herzog and J. M. Coetzee's Youth. Salman Rushdie's Haroun and the Sea of Stories contains fish characters named Goopy and Bagha, a tribute to Ray's fantasy film. In 1993, University of California, Santa Cruz established the Satyajit Ray Film and Study collection, and in 1995, the Government of India set up Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute for studies related to film. In 2007, the BBC declared that two Feluda stories would be made into radio programs.[181] During the London Film Festival, a regular "Satyajit Ray Award" is given to a first-time feature director whose film best captures "the artistry, compassion and humanity of Ray's vision".

A number of Documentary films have been produced about Ray in India, prominent ones include: Creative Artists of India – Satyajit Ray (1964) by Bhagwan Das Garga and Satyajit Ray (1982) by Shyam Benegal – both backed by the Government of India's Films Division, The Music of Satyajit Ray (1984) by Utpalendu Chakrabarty with funding from the National Film Development Corporation of India, Ray: Life and Work of Satyajit Ray (1999) by Goutam Ghose.[182] In 2016, during the shooting of the film Double Feluda, Satyajit's son, Sandip, filmed his father's famous library.[183]

On 23 February 2021 on the year of Satyajit Ray's birth centenary, the Union Information and Broadcasting Minister Prakash Javadekar announced that the central government would institute an award in the name of Satyajit Ray. The award is to be on a par with the Dadasaheb Phalke Award.[184][185][186]

### Preservation[edit]

The Academy Film Archive has preserved many of Ray's films: Abhijan in 2001, Aparajito in 1996, Apur Sansar in 1996, Charulata in 1996, Devi in 1996, Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne in 2003, Jalsaghar in 1996, Jana Aranya in 1996, Joi Baba Felunath in 2007, Kapurush in 2005, Mahanagar in 1996, Mahapurush in 2005, Nayak in 2004, Parash Pathar in 2007, Pather Panchali in 1996, Seemabaddha in 2001, Shatranj ke Khilari in 2010, Sikkim in 2007, Teen Kanya in 1996, and the short film Two in 2006.[187] The Academy Film Archive additionally holds prints of other Ray films as part of its Satyajit Ray Collection.[188]

### International Film Festival of India[edit]

Birth centenary celebrations

In 52nd International Film Festival of India, on the occasion of his birth centenary, the Directorate of Film Festivals will pay tribute to him through a 'Special Retrospective'.

Award in recognition of legacy

In recognition of the auteur's legacy, Lifetime Achievement Award was named as 'Satyajit Ray Lifetime Achievement Award' from 2021, to be given at the festival.[189]

## Filmography[edit]

Main article: Satyajit Ray filmography

## Awards, honours, and recognition[edit]

Further information: List of awards and nominations received by Satyajit Ray

Ray received many awards, including 36 National Film Awards by the Government of India, and awards at international film festivals. At the 11th Moscow International Film Festival in 1979, he was awarded with the Honorable Prize for the contribution to cinema.[190] At the Berlin International Film Festival, he was one of only four filmmakers to win the Silver Bear for Best Director more than once and holds the record for the most Golden Bear nominations, with seven.[191] At the Venice Film Festival, where he had previously won a Golden Lion for Aparajito (1956), he was awarded the Golden Lion Honorary Award in 1982. That same year, he received an honorary "Hommage à Satyajit Ray" award at the 1982 Cannes Film Festival.[192] Ray is the second film personality after Charlie Chaplin to have been awarded an honorary doctorate by Oxford University.[193]

He was awarded the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 1985, and the Legion of Honor by the President of France in 1987.[194][195] The Government of India awarded him the Padma Bhushan in 1965 and the highest civilian honour,[196] Bharat Ratna, shortly before his death.[194] The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences awarded Ray an Honorary Award in 1992 for Lifetime Achievement. In 1992, he was posthumously awarded the Akira Kurosawa Award for Lifetime Achievement in Directing at the San Francisco International Film Festival; it was accepted on his behalf by actress Sharmila Tagore.[197]

Participants in a 2004 BBC poll placed him No. 13 on the "Greatest Bengali of all time".[198] In 1992, the Sight & Sound Critics' Top Ten Poll ranked Ray at No. 7 in its list of "Top 10 Directors" of all time, making him the highest-ranking Asian filmmaker in the poll.[199] In 2002, the Sight & Sound critics' and directors' poll ranked Ray at No. 22 in its list of all-time greatest directors,[200] thus making him the fourth highest-ranking Asian filmmaker in the poll.[200] In 1996, Entertainment Weekly ranked Ray at No. 25 in its "50 Greatest Directors" list.[201] In 2007, Total Film magazine included Ray in its "100 Greatest Film Directors Ever" list.[202] In 2022, the Sydney Film Festival showcased 10 films by Ray as homage[203] and the BFI Southbank screened a complete retrospective in July.[204]

## Ray family[edit]

| Upendra Kishore Ray| | Bidhumukhi Devi| | | | | | |

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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Sukumar Ray| | Suprabha Ray| | | Sukhalata Ray| | Subinoy Ray| | Subimal Ray| | Punyalata Chakrabarti| | Shantilata| |

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Satyajit Ray| | Bijoya Ray| | | | | |

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| | | | | | Sandip Ray| | Lalita Ray| | | | | |

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| | | | | | | | Souradip Ray| | | | | |

## See also[edit]

* List of Bengali-language authors (chronological)
* Parallel cinema
* List of Indian writers
* Bengali Science Fiction

Portals:

* India
* Film
* Bollywood
* Biography
* Children's literature
* Filmmaking
* Literature
* Music
* Art
* Society

## References[edit]

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3. ^ "Oscar 2023: From AR Rahman to Satyajit Ray, Here's a List of Indians Who Won the Academy Awards". 25 January 2023.
4. ^ "Ray-esque | Throwback to thirty years ago when Satyajit Ray became the first Indian to receive the Oscar award". 21 May 2022.
5. ^ "Satyajit Ray: India Marks Centenary of Cinema Giant, but Legacy Has Multiple Interpretations". 2 May 2021.
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## Bibliography[edit]

* Biswas, M, ed. (2006). Apu and after: Revisiting Ray's cinema. Seagull Books. ISBN 978-1-905422-25-8.
* Cherian, V. K. (2017). India's Film Society Movement: The Journey and Its Impact. New Delhi: SAGE Publications India. ISBN 9789385985638. OCLC 959922484.
* Cooper, D (2000). The Cinema of Satyajit Ray: Between Tradition and Modernity. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-62980-5.
* Dasgupta, C (1996). The cinema of Satyajit Ray. Penguin India. ISBN 978-0-14-024780-0.
* Ganguly, S (2001). Satyajit Ray: In search of the modern. Indialog. ISBN 978-81-87981-04-6.
* Y, Ishaghpour (2002). Satyajit Ray, l'Orient et l'Occident. Vol. 24 of Les essais. Différence. ISBN 978-2-7291-1401-5.
* Mitra, S (1983). "The Genius of Satyajit Ray". India Today.
* Nandy, A (1995). "Satyajit Ray's Secret Guide to Exquisite Murders". The Savage Freud and Other Essays on Possible and Retrievable Selves. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-04410-1.
* Nyce, B (1988). Satyajit Ray: A Study of His Films. Praeger Publishers. ISBN 978-0-275-92666-3.
* Ray, S (1993). Our films, their films (3 ed.). Asia Book Corp of Amer. ISBN 978-0-86311-317-8.
* Ray, S (1994). My Years with Apu. Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-86215-3.
* Ray, Satyajit (2010). Apur Panchali (in Bengali). Ananda Publishers. ISBN 978-81-7215-367-0.
* Ray, S (2005). Speaking of films. Penguin India. ISBN 978-0-14-400026-5.
* Robinson, A (2003). Satyajit Ray: The Inner Eye: The Biography of a Master Film-Maker. I. B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-86064-965-3.
* Robinson, Andrew (2004). Satyajit Ray : The Inner Eye : The Biography of a Master Film-maker. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-566812-X. OCLC 57075910.
* Robinson (2005). Satyajit Ray: A Vision of Cinema. I. B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-074-1.
* Rushdie, S (1992). Imaginary Homelands. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-014036-1.
* Santas, Constantin (2002). Responding to film: A Text Guide for Students of Cinema Art. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8304-1580-9.
* Seton, Marie (1971). Satyajit Ray: Portrait of a director. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-16815-3.
* Wood, R (1972). The Apu trilogy. November Books Ltd. ISBN 978-0-85631-003-4.

## External links[edit]

Satyajit Ray at Wikipedia's sister projects

* Media from Commons
* Quotations from Wikiquote
* Data from Wikidata

* Satyajit Ray at the Encyclopædia Britannica
* Works by or about Satyajit Ray at Internet Archive
* Satyajit Ray Film and Study Center Archived 13 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine – University of California Santa Cruz
* Satyajit Ray at IMDb
* W. Andrew Robinson. "Satyajit Ray: A Vision of Cinema". Archived from the original on 4 January 2006.

Links to related articles

* v
* t
* e

Satyajit Ray

* Filmography
* Bibliography
* Accolades

Directions|

| The Apu Trilogy|

* Pather Panchali (1955)
* Aparajito (1956)
* The World of Apu (1959)

|

Calcutta Trilogy|

* Pratidwandi (1970)
* Seemabaddha (1971)
* Jana Aranya (1976)

Goopy - Bagha|

* Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne (1969)
* Hirak Rajar Deshe (1980)

Feluda|

* Sonar Kella (1974)
* Joi Baba Felunath (1978)

Byomkesh|

* Chiriyakhana (1967)

Documentaries|

* Rabindranath Tagore (1961)
* Two (1964)
* Sikkim (1971)
* The Inner Eye (1972)
* Bala (1976)
* Sukumar Ray (1987)

Others|

* Parash Pathar (1958)
* Jalsaghar (1958)
* Devi (1960)
* Teen Kanya (1961)
* Kanchenjungha (1962)
* Abhijan (1962)
* Mahanagar (1963)
* Charulata (1964)
* Kapurush (1965)
* Mahapurush (1965)
* Nayak (1966)
* Aranyer Din Ratri (1970)
* Distant Thunder (1973)
* The Chess Players (1977)
* Pikoo (1980)
* Sadgati (1981)
* Ghare Baire (1984)
* Ganashatru (1989)
* Shakha Proshakha (1990)
* Agantuk (1991)

Screenplay
and story|

| Goopy - Bagha|

* Goopy Bagha Phire Elo (1991)
* Goopy Gawaiya Bagha Bajaiya (2014)

|

Feluda|

* Baksho Rahashya (1996)
* Bombaiyer Bombete (2003)
* Kailashey Kelenkari (2007)
* Tintorettor Jishu (2008)
* Gorosthaney Sabdhan (2010)
* Royal Bengal Rahashya (2011)
* Badshahi Angti (2014)
* Double Feluda (2016)

Tarini Khuro|

* Jekhane Bhooter Bhoy (2012)
* The Storyteller (TBA)

Professor Shonku|

* Professor Shonku O El Dorado (2019)

Others|

* The Alien (unproduced)
* Target (1995)
* Bombay Talkies (2013)
* Chaar (2014)
* Anukul (2017)

Cinematic
Literature|

* Our Films, Their Films
* Bishoy Chalachchitra
* Ekei Bole Shooting

Characters|

* Feluda
* Professor Shonku
* Tarini Khuro
* Lalmohan 'Jatayu' Ganguly
* Topshe

Related|

* Sandesh magazine
* Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Satyajit Ray's Feluda

Novels|

* Badshahi Angti (1969)
* Gangtokey Gondogol (1971)
* Sonar Kella (1971)
* Baksho Rahashya (1972)
* Kailashey Kelenkari (1974)
* Royal Bengal Rahashya (1974)
* Gosainpur Sargaram (1976)
* Chhinnamastar Abhishap (1978)
* Hatyapuri (1979)
* Tintorettor Jishu (1983)
* Golapi Mukta Rahasya (1989)
* Robertsoner Ruby (1992)

Short stories|

* "Feluda'r Goendagiri" (1965-66)
* "Ghurghutiyar Ghatona" (1975)
* "Golokdham Rahasya" (1980)
* "Jahangirer Swarnamudra" (1983)
* "Ambar Sen Antordhan Rahasyo" (1983)
* "Bhuswargo Bhayankar" (1987)
* "Golapi Mukta Rahasya"
* "London e Feluda" (1989)

Films|

| Soumitra|

* Sonar Kella (1974)
* Joy Baba Felunath (1979)

|

Sabyasachi|

* Baksho Rahashya (1996)
* Bombaiyer Bombete (2003)
* Kailashey Kelenkari (2007)
* Tintorettor Jishu (2008)
* Gorosthaney Sabdhan (2010)
* Royal Bengal Rahashya (2011)
* Double Feluda (2016)

Abir|

* Badshahi Angti (2014)

Indraneil|

* Hatyapuri (2022)

TV|

| Kapoor|

* Kissa Kathmandu Mein (1986-87)

|

Rubel|

* Noyon Rahasya-Feluda (2017)

Characters|

* Feluda
* Lalmohan 'Jatayu' Ganguly
* Topshe

Music|

* "Feluda Theme"
* "Feludar Gaan"
* "Calcium"
* "Feluda Pherot"

Documentary|

* Feluda: 50 Years of Ray's Detective (2019)

Related|

* Jatayu Jindabad (2009)
* Scottish Church College

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Satyajit Ray's Professor Shonku

Books|

* Professor Shonku
* "Byomjatrir Diary" 1965
* Professor Shonkur Kandokarkhana (1970)
* Shabash Professor Shonku (1974)
* Mahasankatey Shonku (1977)
* Swayang Professor Shonku (1980)
* Shonku Ekai Aksho (1983)
* Punashcha Professor Shonku (1993)
* Selam Professor Shonku (1995)

Characters|

* Professor Shonku

Films|

| Dhritiman|

* Professor Shonku O El Dorado (2019)

|

Related|

* Miracurall
* List of Adventures
* Scottish Church College

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury's Goopy - Bagha

* Satyajit Ray

* Tapen Chatterjee
* Rabi Ghosh

Films|

| Live-action|

* Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne (1969)
* Hirak Rajar Deshe (1980)
* Goopy Bagha Phire Elo (1992)

|

Animated|

* Goopy Gawaiya Bagha Bajaiya (2014)

Characters|

* Goopy Gyne
* Bagha Byne

Universe|

* Shundi
* Halla

* v
* t
* e

Ray family

1st generation|

* Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury
* Hemendra Mohan Bose#

2nd generation|

* Sukumar Ray
* Shukhalata Rao
* Nitin Bose
* Malati Ghoshal
* Leela Majumdar

3rd generation|

* Satyajit Ray
* Bijoya Ray#

4th generation|

* Sandip Ray

# These persons were married into the family.

* v
* t
* e

Dwarkanath Ganguly family

Persons in blue were born into the family. Persons in magenta were married into the family.

1st generation|

* Dwarkanath Ganguly
* Kadambini Ganguly

2nd generation|

* Upendrakishore Ray

3rd generation|

* Sukumar Ray
* Shukhalata Rao

4th generation|

* Satyajit Ray
* Bijoya Ray

5th generation|

* Sandip Ray

* v
* t
* e

Cinema of West Bengal

* Directors
* Actors
* Actresses
* Producers
* Playback singers

* Bengali films A-Z
* 1931
* 1932
* 1933
* 1934
* 1935
* 1955
* 1956
* 1957
* 1958
* 1959
* 1960
* 1961
* 1962
* 1963
* 1964
* 1966
* 1967
* 1970
* 1971
* 1973
* 1979
* 1980
* 1981
* 1982
* 1983
* 1984
* 1985
* 1986
* 1987
* 1988
* 1989
* 1990
* 1991
* 1992
* 1993
* 1994
* 1995
* 1996
* 1997
* 1998
* 1999
* 2000
* 2001
* 2002
* 2003
* 2004
* 2005
* 2006
* 2007
* 2008
* 2009
* 2010
* 2011
* 2012
* 2013
* 2014
* 2015
* 2016
* 2017
* 2018
* 2019
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* 2023
* 2024

* v
* t
* e

Bengal famine of 1943

Famine|

* Famine
* Famine in India
* Great Bengal famine of 1770
* Bihar famine of 1873–1874
* Indian famines during British rule

Issues|

* British Raj
* Demand-pull inflation
* Economy of India under the British Raj
* Governor of Bengal
* Indian independence movement
* Quit India Movement
* Japanese invasion of Burma

People|

* Winston Churchill
* Churchill war ministry
* Mahatma Gandhi
* Victor Hope (Governor-General of India)
* Frederick Lindemann
* Archibald Wavell (Commander-in-Chief of the British Indian Army)

Artists, photographers|

* Zainul Abedin
* Chittaprosad Bhattacharya
* Sunil Janah

Directors, writers|

* Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay
* Freda Bedi
* Bhabani Bhattacharya
* Sugata Bose
* Thomas Keneally
* Madhusree Mukerjee
* Cormac Ó Gráda
* Satyajit Ray
* Amartya Sen
* Mrinal Sen
* Ian Stephens
* The Statesman

Media|

* Nabanna (1944)
* Distant Thunder (1973)
* Akaler Shandhaney (1980)
* Churchill's Secret War (2010)

Awards for Satyajit Ray

* v
* t
* e

Silver Bear for Best Director

1956–1975|

* Robert Aldrich (1956)
* Mario Monicelli (1957)
* Tadashi Imai (1958)
* Akira Kurosawa (1959)
* Jean-Luc Godard (1960)
* Bernhard Wicki (1961)
* Francesco Rosi (1962)
* Nikos Koundouros (1963)
* Satyajit Ray (1964)
* Satyajit Ray (1965)
* Carlos Saura (1966)
* Živojin Pavlović (1967)
* Carlos Saura (1968)
* Jean-Pierre Blanc (1972)
* Sergei Solovyov (1975)

1976–2000|

* Mario Monicelli (1976)
* Manuel Gutiérrez Aragón (1977)
* Georgi Djulgerov (1978)
* Astrid Henning-Jensen (1979)
* István Szabó (1980)
* Mario Monicelli (1982)
* Éric Rohmer (1983)
* Costas Ferris / Ettore Scola (1984)
* Robert Benton (1985)
* Georgiy Shengelaya (1986)
* Oliver Stone (1987)
* Norman Jewison (1988)
* Dušan Hanák (1989)
* Michael Verhoeven (1990)
* Jonathan Demme / Ricky Tognazzi (1991)
* Jan Troell (1992)
* Andrew Birkin (1993)
* Krzysztof Kieślowski (1994)
* Richard Linklater (1995)
* Richard Loncraine / Yim Ho (1996)
* Eric Heumann (1997)
* Neil Jordan (1998)
* Stephen Frears (1999)
* Miloš Forman (2000)

2001–present|

* Lin Cheng-sheng (2001)
* Otar Iosseliani (2002)
* Patrice Chéreau (2003)
* Kim Ki-duk (2004)
* Marc Rothemund (2005)
* Mat Whitecross / Michael Winterbottom (2006)
* Joseph Cedar (2007)
* Paul Thomas Anderson (2008)
* Asghar Farhadi (2009)
* Roman Polanski (2010)
* Ulrich Köhler (2011)
* Christian Petzold (2012)
* David Gordon Green (2013)
* Richard Linklater (2014)
* Radu Jude / Małgorzata Szumowska (2015)
* Mia Hansen-Løve (2016)
* Aki Kaurismäki (2017)
* Wes Anderson (2018)
* Angela Schanelec (2019)
* Hong Sang-soo (2020)
* Dénes Nagy (2021)
* Claire Denis (2022)
* Philippe Garrel (2023)
* Nelson Carlos De Los Santos Arias (2024)

* v
* t
* e

Academy Honorary Award

1928–1950|

* Warner Bros. / Charlie Chaplin (1928)
* Walt Disney (1932)
* Shirley Temple (1934)
* D. W. Griffith (1935)
* The March of Time / W. Howard Greene and Harold Rosson (1936)
* Edgar Bergen / W. Howard Greene / Museum of Modern Art Film Library / Mack Sennett (1937)
* J. Arthur Ball / Walt Disney / Deanna Durbin and Mickey Rooney / Gordon Jennings, Jan Domela, Devereaux Jennings, Irmin Roberts, Art Smith, Farciot Edouart, Loyal Griggs, Loren L. Ryder, Harry D. Mills, Louis Mesenkop, Walter Oberst / Oliver T. Marsh and Allen Davey / Harry Warner (1938)
* Douglas Fairbanks / Judy Garland / William Cameron Menzies / Motion Picture Relief Fund (Jean Hersholt, Ralph Morgan, Ralph Block, Conrad Nagel)/ Technicolor Company (1939)
* Bob Hope / Nathan Levinson (1940)
* Walt Disney, William Garity, John N. A. Hawkins, and the RCA Manufacturing Company / Leopold Stokowski and his associates / Rey Scott / British Ministry of Information (1941)
* Charles Boyer / Noël Coward / Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (1942)
* George Pal (1943)
* Bob Hope / Margaret O'Brien (1944)
* Republic Studio, Daniel J. Bloomberg, and the Republic Studio Sound Department / Walter Wanger / The House I Live In / Peggy Ann Garner (1945)
* Harold Russell / Laurence Olivier / Ernst Lubitsch / Claude Jarman Jr. (1946)
* James Baskett / Thomas Armat, William Nicholas Selig, Albert E. Smith, and George Kirke Spoor / Bill and Coo / Shoeshine (1947)
* Walter Wanger / Monsieur Vincent / Sid Grauman / Adolph Zukor (1948)
* Jean Hersholt / Fred Astaire / Cecil B. DeMille / The Bicycle Thief (1949)
* Louis B. Mayer / George Murphy / The Walls of Malapaga (1950)

1951–1975|

* Gene Kelly / Rashomon (1951)
* Merian C. Cooper / Bob Hope / Harold Lloyd / George Mitchell / Joseph M. Schenck / Forbidden Games (1952)
* 20th Century-Fox Film Corporation / Bell & Howell Company / Joseph Breen / Pete Smith (1953)
* Bausch & Lomb Optical Company / Danny Kaye / Kemp Niver / Greta Garbo / Jon Whiteley / Vincent Winter / Gate of Hell (1954)
* Samurai I: Musashi Miyamoto (1955)
* Eddie Cantor (1956)
* Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers / Gilbert M. "Broncho Billy" Anderson / Charles Brackett / B. B. Kahane (1957)
* Maurice Chevalier (1958)
* Buster Keaton / Lee de Forest (1959)
* Gary Cooper / Stan Laurel / Hayley Mills (1960)
* William L. Hendricks / Fred L. Metzler / Jerome Robbins (1961)
* William J. Tuttle (1964)
* Bob Hope (1965)
* Yakima Canutt / Y. Frank Freeman (1966)
* Arthur Freed (1967)
* John Chambers / Onna White (1968)
* Cary Grant (1969)
* Lillian Gish / Orson Welles (1970)
* Charlie Chaplin (1971)
* Charles S. Boren / Edward G. Robinson (1972)
* Henri Langlois / Groucho Marx (1973)
* Howard Hawks / Jean Renoir (1974)
* Mary Pickford (1975)

1976–2000|

* Margaret Booth (1977)
* Walter Lantz / Laurence Olivier / King Vidor / Museum of Modern Art Department of Film (1978)
* Hal Elias / Alec Guinness (1979)
* Henry Fonda (1980)
* Barbara Stanwyck (1981)
* Mickey Rooney (1982)
* Hal Roach (1983)
* James Stewart / National Endowment for the Arts (1984)
* Paul Newman / Alex North (1985)
* Ralph Bellamy (1986)
* Eastman Kodak Company / National Film Board of Canada (1988)
* Akira Kurosawa (1989)
* Sophia Loren / Myrna Loy (1990)
* Satyajit Ray (1991)
* Federico Fellini (1992)
* Deborah Kerr (1993)
* Michelangelo Antonioni (1994)
* Kirk Douglas / Chuck Jones (1995)
* Michael Kidd (1996)
* Stanley Donen (1997)
* Elia Kazan (1998)
* Andrzej Wajda (1999)
* Jack Cardiff / Ernest Lehman (2000)

2001–present|

* Sidney Poitier / Robert Redford (2001)
* Peter O'Toole (2002)
* Blake Edwards (2003)
* Sidney Lumet (2004)
* Robert Altman (2005)
* Ennio Morricone (2006)
* Robert F. Boyle (2007)
* Lauren Bacall / Roger Corman / Gordon Willis (2009)
* Kevin Brownlow / Jean-Luc Godard / Eli Wallach (2010)
* James Earl Jones / Dick Smith (2011)
* D. A. Pennebaker / Hal Needham / George Stevens Jr. (2012)
* Angela Lansbury / Steve Martin / Piero Tosi (2013)
* Jean-Claude Carrière / Hayao Miyazaki / Maureen O'Hara (2014)
* Spike Lee / Gena Rowlands (2015)
* Jackie Chan / Lynn Stalmaster / Anne V. Coates / Frederick Wiseman (2016)
* Charles Burnett / Owen Roizman / Donald Sutherland / Agnès Varda (2017)
* Marvin Levy / Lalo Schifrin / Cicely Tyson (2018)
* David Lynch / Wes Studi / Lina Wertmüller (2019)
* Samuel L. Jackson / Elaine May / Liv Ullmann (2021)
* Euzhan Palcy / Diane Warren / Peter Weir (2022)
* Angela Bassett / Mel Brooks / Carol Littleton (2023)

* v
* t
* e

BFI Fellowship recipients

* Marcel Carné / David Lean / Michael Powell / Emeric Pressburger / Satyajit Ray / Orson Welles (1983)
* Sidney Bernstein (1984)
* John Brabourne / Laurence Olivier (1985)
* Jeremy Isaacs / Deborah Kerr / Akira Kurosawa / Dilys Powell (1986)
* Dirk Bogarde / Bette Davis / Elem Klimov (1987)
* Graham Greene / Vanessa Redgrave / Anthony Smith (1988)
* Peggy Ashcroft / Gérard Depardieu / David Francis (1989)
* Derek Jarman / Krzysztof Kieślowski / Jeanne Moreau / Fred Zinnemann (1990)
* Alec Guinness / Leslie Hardcastle (1991)
* Richard Attenborough / Maggie Smith (1992)
* Clint Eastwood / Denis Forman / Maureen O'Hara (1993)
* Nicolas Roeg / Jean Simmons (1994)
* Michelangelo Antonioni / John Mills / Martin Scorsese / Robert Wise (1995)
* Michael Caine / Ken Loach (1996)
* Michael Parkinson / Lynda La Plante / Verity Lambert / David Puttnam / Sydney Samuelson / Thelma Schoonmaker / Alan Yentob (1997)
* Bernardo Bertolucci / Jeremy Thomas (1998)
* John Paul Getty Jr. (1999)
* Elizabeth Taylor (2000)
* Robert Altman / Lewis Gilbert (2001)
* Jack Cardiff / Bob Weinstein (2002)
* Abbas Kiarostami / Mike Leigh / Ousmane Sembène (2005)
* Terence Davies (2007)
* Souleymane Cissé / John Hurt / Ridley Scott (2009)
* Danny Boyle / David Rose (2010)
* Isabelle Huppert / Judi Dench / Ralph Fiennes / David Cronenberg (2011)
* Bryan Forbes / Helena Bonham Carter / Tim Burton / Richard Lester (2012)
* Philip French / Christopher Lee / John Boorman (2013)
* Al Pacino / Stephen Frears (2014)
* Mel Brooks / Cate Blanchett (2015)
* Hugh Grant / Greg Dyke / Steve McQueen (2016)
* Peter Morgan / Paul Greengrass (2017)
* Olivia Colman (2019)
* Amanda Nevill / Tilda Swinton (2020)
* Michael G. Wilson / Barbara Broccoli (2022)
* Spike Lee (2023)

* v
* t
* e

Recipients of Bharat Ratna Award

1954–1960|

* C. Rajagopalachari, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, and C. V. Raman (1954)
* Bhagwan Das, M. Visvesvaraya, and Jawaharlal Nehru (1955)
* Govind Ballabh Pant (1957)
* Dhondo Keshav Karve (1958)

1961–1980|

* Bidhan Chandra Roy, and Purushottam Das Tandon (1961)
* Rajendra Prasad (1962)
* Zakir Husain, and Pandurang Vaman Kane (1963)
* Lal Bahadur Shastri (1966)
* Indira Gandhi (1971)
* V. V. Giri (1975)
* K. Kamaraj (1976)
* Mother Teresa (1980)

1981–2000|

* Vinoba Bhave (1983)
* Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1987)
* M. G. Ramachandran (1988)
* B. R. Ambedkar, and Nelson Mandela (1990)
* Rajiv Gandhi, Vallabhbhai Patel, and Morarji Desai (1991)
* Abul Kalam Azad, J. R. D. Tata and Satyajit Ray (1992)
* Gulzarilal Nanda, Aruna Asaf Ali, and A. P. J. Abdul Kalam (1997)
* M. S. Subbulakshmi, and C. Subramaniam (1998)
* Jayaprakash Narayan, Amartya Sen, Gopinath Bordoloi, and Ravi Shankar (1999)

2001–2020|

* Lata Mangeshkar, and Bismillah Khan (2001)
* Bhimsen Joshi (2008)
* C. N. R. Rao, and Sachin Tendulkar (2014)
* Atal Bihari Vajpayee, and Madan Mohan Malaviya (2015)
* Nanaji Deshmukh, Bhupen Hazarika, and Pranab Mukherjee (2019)

2021–2040|

* Karpoori Thakur, Lal Krishna Advani, Charan Singh, P. V. Narasimha Rao, and M. S. Swaminathan (2024)

* v
* t
* e

Dadasaheb Phalke Award

1969–1980|

* Devika Rani Chaudhuri Roerich (1969)
* B. N. Sircar (1970)
* Prithviraj Kapoor (1971)
* Pankaj Mullick (1972)
* Ruby Myers (1973)
* B. N. Reddy (1974)
* Dhirendranath Ganguly (1975)
* Kanan Devi (1976)
* Nitin Bose (1977)
* Rai Chand Boral (1978)
* Sohrab Modi (1979)
* Paidi Jairaj (1980)

1981–2000|

* Naushad (1981)
* L. V. Prasad (1982)
* Durga Khote (1983)
* Satyajit Ray (1984)
* V. Shantaram (1985)
* B. Nagi Reddy (1986)
* Raj Kapoor (1987)
* Ashok Kumar (1988)
* Lata Mangeshkar (1989)
* Akkineni Nageswara Rao (1990)
* Bhalji Pendharkar (1991)
* Bhupen Hazarika (1992)
* Majrooh Sultanpuri (1993)
* Dilip Kumar (1994)
* Dr. Rajkumar (1995)
* Sivaji Ganesan (1996)
* Pradeep (1997)
* B. R. Chopra (1998)
* Hrishikesh Mukherjee (1999)
* Asha Bhosle (2000)

2001–present|

* Yash Chopra (2001)
* Dev Anand (2002)
* Mrinal Sen (2003)
* Adoor Gopalakrishnan (2004)
* Shyam Benegal (2005)
* Tapan Sinha (2006)
* Manna Dey (2007)
* V. K. Murthy (2008)
* D. Ramanaidu (2009)
* K. Balachander (2010)
* Soumitra Chatterjee (2011)
* Pran (2012)
* Gulzar (2013)
* Shashi Kapoor (2014)
* Manoj Kumar (2015)
* K. Viswanath (2016)
* Vinod Khanna (2017)
* Amitabh Bachchan (2018)
* Rajinikanth (2019)
* Asha Parekh (2020)
* Waheeda Rehman (2021)

* v
* t
* e

Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement

1969–2000|

* Luis Buñuel (1969)
* Orson Welles (1970)
* John Ford / Marcel Carné / Ingmar Bergman (1971)
* Charlie Chaplin / Anatoli Golovnya / Billy Wilder (1972)
* Alessandro Blasetti / Luis Buñuel / Frank Capra / George Cukor / Jean-Luc Godard / Alexander Kluge / Akira Kurosawa / Michael Powell / Satyajit Ray / King Vidor / Sergei Yutkevich / Cesare Zavattini (1982)
* Michelangelo Antonioni (1983)
* Federico Fellini (1985)
* Paolo and Vittorio Taviani (1986)
* Luigi Comencini / Joseph L. Mankiewicz (1987)
* Joris Ivens (1988)
* Robert Bresson (1989)
* Miklós Jancsó / Marcello Mastroianni (1990)
* Mario Monicelli / Gian Maria Volonté (1991)
* Francis Ford Coppola / Jeanne Moreau / Paolo Villaggio (1992)
* Claudia Cardinale / Robert De Niro / Roman Polanski / Steven Spielberg (1993)
* Suso Cecchi d'Amico / Ken Loach / Al Pacino (1994)
* Woody Allen / Giuseppe De Santis / Goffredo Lombardo / Ennio Morricone / Alain Resnais / Martin Scorsese / Alberto Sordi / Monica Vitti (1995)
* Robert Altman / Vittorio Gassman / Dustin Hoffman / Michèle Morgan (1996)
* Gérard Depardieu / Stanley Kubrick / Alida Valli (1997)
* Warren Beatty / Sophia Loren / Andrzej Wajda (1998)
* Jerry Lewis (1999)
* Clint Eastwood (2000)

2001–present|

* Éric Rohmer (2001)
* Dino Risi (2002)
* Dino De Laurentiis / Omar Sharif (2003)
* Manoel de Oliveira / Stanley Donen (2004)
* Hayao Miyazaki / Stefania Sandrelli (2005)
* David Lynch (2006)
* Tim Burton (2007)
* Ermanno Olmi (2008)
* John Lasseter (2009)
* John Woo (2010)
* Marco Bellocchio (2011)
* Francesco Rosi (2012)
* William Friedkin (2013)
* Thelma Schoonmaker / Frederick Wiseman (2014)
* Bertrand Tavernier (2015)
* Jean-Paul Belmondo / Jerzy Skolimowski (2016)
* Jane Fonda / Robert Redford (2017)
* David Cronenberg / Vanessa Redgrave (2018)
* Pedro Almodóvar / Julie Andrews (2019)
* Ann Hui / Tilda Swinton (2020)
* Roberto Benigni / Jamie Lee Curtis (2021)
* Catherine Deneuve / Paul Schrader (2022)
* Liliana Cavani / Tony Leung Chiu-wai (2023)

* v
* t
* e

National Film Award for Best Direction

1967–1980|

* Satyajit Ray (1967)
* Satyajit Ray (1968)
* Mrinal Sen (1969)
* Satyajit Ray (1970)
* Girish Karnad and B. V. Karanth (1971)
* Adoor Gopalakrishnan (1972)
* Mani Kaul (1973)
* Satyajit Ray (1974)
* Satyajit Ray (1975)
* P. Lankesh (1976)
* G. Aravindan (1977)
* G. Aravindan (1978)
* Mrinal Sen (1979)
* Mrinal Sen (1980)

1981–2000|

* Aparna Sen (1981)
* Utpalendu Chakrabarty (1982)
* Mrinal Sen (1983)
* Adoor Gopalakrishnan (1984)
* Shyam Benegal (1985)
* G. Aravindan (1986)
* Adoor Gopalakrishnan (1987)
* Shaji N. Karun (1988)
* Adoor Gopalakrishnan (1989)
* Tapan Sinha (1990)
* Satyajit Ray (1991)
* Goutam Ghose (1992)
* T. V. Chandran (1993)
* Jahnu Barua (1994)
* Saeed Akhtar Mirza (1995)
* Agathiyan (1996)
* Jayaraj (1997)
* Rajeevnath (1998)
* Buddhadeb Dasgupta (1999)
* Rituparno Ghosh (2000)

2001–present|

* B. Lenin (2001)
* Aparna Sen (2002)
* Goutam Ghose (2003)
* Buddhadeb Dasgupta (2004)
* Rahul Dholakia (2005)
* Madhur Bhandarkar (2006)
* Adoor Gopalakrishnan (2007)
* Bala (2008)
* Rituparno Ghosh (2009)
* Vetrimaaran (2010)
* Gurvinder Singh (2011)
* Shivaji Lotan Patil (2012)
* Hansal Mehta (2013)
* Srijit Mukherji (2014)
* Sanjay Leela Bhansali (2015)
* Rajesh Mapuskar (2016)
* Jayaraj (2017)
* Aditya Dhar (2018)
* Sanjay Puran Singh Chauhan (2019)
* Sachy (2020)

* v
* t
* e

National Film Award for Best Screenplay

1967–1980|

* S. L. Puram Sadanandan (1967)
* Pandit Anand Kumar (1968)
* Puttanna Kanagal (1969)
* Satyajit Ray (1970)
* Tapan Sinha (1971)
* Gulzar (1972)
* Mrinal Sen and Ashish Burman (1973)
* Satyajit Ray (1974)
* No Award (1975)
* Vijay Tendulkar (1976)
* Satyadev Dubey, Shyam Benegal, Girish Karnad (1977)
* T. S. Ranga and T. S. Nagabharana (1978)
* Sai Paranjpye (1979)
* Mrinal Sen (1980)

1981–2000|

* K. Balachander (1981)
* Mrinal Sen (1982)
* G. V. Iyer (1983)
* Adoor Gopalakrishnan (1984)
* Bhabendra Nath Saikia (1985)
* Budhdhadeb Dasgupta (1986)
* Adoor Gopalakrishnan (1987)
* Arundhati Roy (1988)
* M. T. Vasudevan Nair (1989)
* K. S. Sethumadhavan (1990)
* M. T. Vasudevan Nair (1991)
* M. T. Vasudevan Nair (1992)
* Satyajit Ray (1993)
* M. T. Vasudevan Nair (1994)
* Saeed Akhtar Mirza and Ashok Mishra (1995)
* Agathiyan (1996)
* Rituparno Ghosh (1997)
* Ashok Mishra (1998)
* Madampu Kunjukuttan (1999)
* Bharathiraja (2000)

2001–present|

* Neelakanta (2001)
* Aparna Sen (2002)
* Goutam Ghose (2003)
* Manoj Tyagi and Nina Arora (2004)
* Prakash Jha, Manoj Tyagi and Shridhar Raghavan (2005)
* Abhijat Joshi, Rajkumar Hirani and Vidhu Vinod Chopra (2006)
* Feroz Abbas Khan (2007)
* Sachin Kundalkar (2008)

Original|

* P. F. Mathews and Harikrishna (2009)
* Vetrimaaran (2010)
* Nitesh Tiwari, Vikas Bahl, and Vijay Maurya (2011)
* Sujoy Ghosh (2012)
* P. Sheshadri (2013)
* Srijit Mukherji (2014)
* Juhi Chaturvedi and Himanshu Sharma (2015)
* Syam Pushkaran (2016)
* Sajeev Pazhoor (2017)
* Rahul Ravindran (2018)

Adapted|

* Gopal Krishan Pai and Girish Kasaravalli (2009)
* Anant Mahadevan and Sanjay Pawar (2010)
* Avinash Deshpande Nigdi (2011)
* Bhavesh Mandalia and Umesh Shukla (2012)
* Panchakshari (2013)
* Joshy Mangalath (2014)
* Vishal Bhardwaj (2015)
* Sanjay Krishnaji Patil (2016)
* Jayaraj (2017)
* Sriram Raghavan , Arijit Biswas, Yogesh Chandekar, Hemanth M. Rao and Pooja Ladha Surti (2018)

Dialogues|

* Pandiraj (2009)
* Sanjay Pawar (2010)
* Girish Kulkarni (2011)
* Anjali Menon (2012)
* Sumitra Bhave (2013)
* Vishal Bhardwaj (2014)
* Juhi Chaturvedi and Himanshu Sharma (2015)
* Tharun Bhascker (2016)
* Sambit Mohanty (2017)
* Churni Ganguly (2018)

* v
* t
* e

National Film Award for Best Music Direction

1967–1980|

* K. V. Mahadevan (1967)
* Kalyanji–Anandji (1968)
* S. Mohinder (1969)
* Madan Mohan (1970)
* Jaidev (1971)
* S. D. Burman (1972)
* Satyajit Ray (1973)
* Ananda Shankar (1974)
* Bhupen Hazarika (1975)
* B. V. Karanth (1976)
* B. V. Karanth (1977)
* Jaidev (1978)
* K. V. Mahadevan (1979)
* Satyajit Ray (1980)

1981–2000|

* Khayyam (1981)
* Ramesh Naidu (1982)
* Ilaiyaraaja (1983)
* Jaidev (1984)
* Ilaiyaraaja (1985)
* M. Balamuralikrishna (1986)
* Vanraj Bhatia (1987)
* Ilaiyaraaja (1988)
* Sher Chowdhary (1989)
* Hridaynath Mangeshkar (1990)
* Rajat Dholakia (1991)
* A. R. Rahman (1992)
* Johnson (1993)
* Ravi and Johnson (1994)
* Hamsalekha (1995)
* A. R. Rahman (1996)
* M. M. Keeravani (1997)
* Vishal Bhardwaj (1998)
* Ismail Darbar (1999)
* Anu Malik (2000)

2001–2008|

* A. R. Rahman (2001)
* A. R. Rahman (2002)
* Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy (2003)
* Vidyasagar (2004)
* Lalgudi Jayaraman (2005)
* Ashok Patki (2006)
* Ouseppachan (2007)
* Ajay-Atul (2008)

2009–present|

| Songs|

* Amit Trivedi (2009)
* Vishal Bhardwaj (2010)
* Neel Dutt (2011)
* Shailendra Barve (2012)
* Kabir Suman (2013)
* Vishal Bhardwaj (2014)
* M. Jayachandran (2015)
* Bapu Padmanabha (2016)
* A. R. Rahman (2017)
* Sanjay Leela Bhansali (2018)
* D. Imman (2019)
* Thaman S (2020)
* Devi Sri Prasad (2021)

|

Background score|

* Ilaiyaraaja (2009)
* Isaac Thomas Kottukapally (2010)
* Mayookh Bhaumik (2011)
* Bijibal (2012)
* Shantanu Moitra (2013)
* Gopi Sundar (2014)
* Ilaiyaraaja (2015)
* Bapu Padmanabha (2016)
* A. R. Rahman (2017)
* Shashwat Sachdev (2018)
* Prabuddha Banerjee (2019)
* G. V. Prakash Kumar (2020)
* M. M. Keeravani (2021)

* v
* t
* e

National Film Award – Special Jury Award (feature film)

1978–1980|

* - (1978)
* - (1979)
* - (1980)

1981–2000|

* Satyajit Ray (1981)
* - (1982)
* Mankada Ravi Varma (1983)
* T. S. Ranga (1984)
* Sudha Chandran (1985)
* John Abraham (1986)
* M. B. Sreenivasan (1987)
* Ashok Ahuja (1988)
* Amitabh Chakraborty (1989)
* Pankaj Kapur, Sunny Deol, and Jayabharathi (1990)
* Soumitra Chatterjee (1991)
* Sivaji Ganesan and Ketan Mehta (1992)
* Shashi Kapoor and Pallavi Joshi (1993)
* Radhu Karmakar and Shaji N. Karun (1994)
* Shyam Benegal (1995)
* Amol Palekar and Kirron Kher (1996)
* Jayamala (1997)
* Kitchhu Sanlap Kitchhu Pralap (1998)
* Kalabhavan Mani (1999)
* Soumitra Chatterjee (2000)

2001–present|

* Janaki Vishwanathan (2001)
* Prakash Raj (2002)
* Manoj Bajpayee and Bhalo Theko (2003)
* J. Phillip (2004)
* Anupam Kher (2005)
* Vishal Bhardwaj (2006)
* Gandhi, My Father (2007)
* Bioscope (2008)
* A. Sreekar Prasad (2009)
* Mee Sindhutai Sapkal (2010)
* Anjan Dutt (2011)
* Rituparno Ghosh and Nawazuddin Siddiqui (2012)
* Miss Lovely and Yellow (2013)
* Bhaurao Karhade (2014)
* Kalki Koechlin (2015)
* Mohanlal (2016)
* Nagarkirtan (2017)
* Hellaro and Kedara (2018)
* R. Parthiban (2019)
* Admitted (2020)

* v
* t
* e

Filmfare Award for Best Director

1954–1970|

* Bimal Roy (1954)
* Bimal Roy (1955)
* Bimal Roy (1956)
* V. Shantaram (1957)
* Mehboob Khan (1958)
* Bimal Roy (1959)
* Bimal Roy (1960)
* Bimal Roy (1961)
* B. R. Chopra (1962)
* Abrar Alvi (1963)
* Bimal Roy (1964)
* Raj Kapoor (1965)
* Yash Chopra (1966)
* Vijay Anand (1967)
* Manoj Kumar (1968)
* Ramanand Sagar (1969)
* Yash Chopra (1970)

1971–1990|

* Asit Sen (1971)
* Raj Kapoor (1972)
* Sohanlal Kanwar (1973)
* Yash Chopra (1974)
* Manoj Kumar (1975)
* Yash Chopra (1976)
* Gulzar (1977)
* Basu Chatterjee (1978)
* Satyajit Ray (1979)
* Shyam Benegal (1980)
* Govind Nihalani (1981)
* Muzaffar Ali (1982)
* Raj Kapoor (1983)
* Govind Nihalani (1984)
* Sai Paranjpye (1985)
* Raj Kapoor (1986)
* Mansoor Khan (1989)
* Vidhu Vinod Chopra (1990)

1991–2010|

* Rajkumar Santoshi (1991)
* Subhash Ghai (1992)
* Mukul S. Anand (1993)
* Shekhar Kapur (1994)
* Sooraj Barjatya (1995)
* Aditya Chopra (1996)
* Rajkumar Santoshi (1997)
* J. P. Dutta (1998)
* Karan Johar (1999)
* Sanjay Leela Bhansali (2000)
* Rakesh Roshan (2001)
* Ashutosh Gowariker (2002)
* Sanjay Leela Bhansali (2003)
* Rakesh Roshan (2004)
* Kunal Kohli (2005)
* Sanjay Leela Bhansali (2006)
* Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra (2007)
* Aamir Khan (2008)
* Ashutosh Gowariker (2009)
* Rajkumar Hirani (2010)

2011-present|

* Karan Johar (2011)
* Zoya Akhtar (2012)
* Sujoy Ghosh (2013)
* Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra (2014)
* Vikas Bahl (2015)
* Sanjay Leela Bhansali (2016)
* Nitesh Tiwari (2017)
* Ashwiny Iyer Tiwari (2018)
* Meghna Gulzar (2019)
* Zoya Akhtar (2020)
* Om Raut (2021)
* Vishnuvardhan (2022)
* Sanjay Leela Bhansali (2023)
* Vidhu Vinod Chopra (2024)

* v
* t
* e

Recipients of Padma Vibhushan

Arts|

* Ebrahim Alkazi
* Kishori Amonkar
* Prabha Atre
* Amitabh Bachchan
* Teejan Bai
* M. Balamuralikrishna
* T. Balasaraswati
* S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
* Asha Bhosle
* Nandalal Bose
* Hariprasad Chaurasia
* Chiranjeevi
* Girija Devi
* Kumar Gandharva
* Adoor Gopalakrishnan
* Satish Gujral
* Gangubai Hangal
* Bhupen Hazarika
* M. F. Husain
* Zakir Hussain
* Ilaiyaraaja
* Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer
* Bhimsen Joshi
* Ali Akbar Khan
* Amjad Ali Khan
* Allauddin Khan
* Bismillah Khan
* Ghulam Mustafa Khan
* Yamini Krishnamurthy
* Dilip Kumar
* R. K. Laxman
* Birju Maharaj
* Kishan Maharaj
* Lata Mangeshkar
* Sonal Mansingh
* Mallikarjun Mansur
* Zubin Mehta
* Mario Miranda
* Chhannulal Mishra
* Kelucharan Mohapatra
* Raghunath Mohapatra
* Jasraj Motiram
* Benode Behari Mukherjee
* Hrishikesh Mukherjee
* Rajinikanth
* Ram Narayan
* D. K. Pattammal
* K. Shankar Pillai
* Balwant Moreshwar Purandare
* Akkineni Nageswara Rao
* Kaloji Narayana Rao
* Satyajit Ray
* S. H. Raza
* Zohra Sehgal
* Uday Shankar
* Ravi Shankar
* V. Shantaram
* Shivkumar Sharma
* Umayalpuram K. Sivaraman
* M. S. Subbulakshmi
* K. G. Subramanyan
* Kapila Vatsyayan
* Homai Vyarawalla
* K. J. Yesudas

Civil service|

* Bimala Prasad Chaliha
* Naresh Chandra
* T. N. Chaturvedi
* Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri
* Suranjan Das
* Rajeshwar Dayal
* Basanti Devi
* P. N. Dhar
* Jyotindra Nath Dixit
* M. S. Gill
* Hafiz Mohamad Ibrahim
* H. V. R. Iyengar
* Bhola Nath Jha
* Dattatraya Shridhar Joshi
* Ajudhiya Nath Khosla
* Rai Krishnadasa
* V. Krishnamurthy
* P. Prabhakar Kumaramangalam
* Pratap Chandra Lal
* K. B. Lall
* Sam Manekshaw
* Om Prakash Mehra
* Mohan Sinha Mehta
* M. G. K. Menon
* Brajesh Mishra
* Sumati Morarjee
* A. Ramasamy Mudaliar
* Sardarilal Mathradas Nanda
* Chakravarthi V. Narasimhan
* Braj Kumar Nehru
* Bhairab Dutt Pande
* Ghananand Pande
* Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit
* T. V. Rajeswar
* C. R. Krishnaswamy Rao
* Pattadakal Venkanna R. Rao
* V. K. R. V. Rao
* Bipin Rawat
* Khusro Faramurz Rustamji
* Harish Chandra Sarin
* Binay Ranjan Sen
* Homi Sethna
* Arjan Singh
* Harbaksh Singh
* Kirpal Singh
* Manmohan Singh
* Tarlok Singh
* Lallan Prasad Singh
* Balaram Sivaraman
* Chandrika Prasad Srivastava
* T. Swaminathan
* Arun Shridhar Vaidya
* Dharma Vira
* Narinder Nath Vohra

Literature and
education|

* V. S. R. Arunachalam
* Jagdish Bhagwati
* Satyendra Nath Bose
* Tara Chand
* Suniti Kumar Chatterji
* D. P. Chattopadhyaya
* Bhabatosh Datta
* Avinash Dixit
* Mahasweta Devi
* John Kenneth Galbraith
* Sarvepalli Gopal
* Lakshman Shastri Joshi
* Kaka Kalelkar
* Dhondo Keshav Karve
* Gopinath Kaviraj
* Radheshyam Khemka
* Kuvempu
* O. N. V. Kurup
* Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis
* Sitakant Mahapatra
* John Mathai
* Kotha Satchidananda Murthy
* Giani Gurmukh Singh Musafir
* Basanti Dulal Nagchaudhuri
* Bal Ram Nanda
* R. K. Narayan
* P. Parameswaran
* Amrita Pritam
* K. N. Raj
* C. Rangarajan
* Raja Rao
* Ramoji Rao
* Hormasji Maneckji Seervai
* Rajaram Shastri
* Kalu Lal Shrimali
* Govindbhai Shroff
* Khushwant Singh
* Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh
* Premlila Vithaldas Thackersey
* Mahadevi Varma
* Bashir Hussain Zaidi

Medicine|

* Jasbir Singh Bajaj
* B. K. Goyal
* Purshotam Lal
* A. Lakshmanaswami Mudaliar
* S. I. Padmavati
* Autar Singh Paintal
* Kantilal Hastimal Sancheti
* Balu Sankaran
* V. Shanta
* Vithal Nagesh Shirodkar
* Prakash Narain Tandon
* Brihaspati Dev Triguna
* M. S. Valiathan
* Dilip Mahalanabis

Other|

* Sunderlal Bahuguna
* B. K. S. Iyengar
* Rambhadracharya
* Ravi Shankar
* Vishwesha Teertha
* Jaggi Vasudev
* B. V. Doshi

Public affairs|

* L. K. Advani
* Montek Singh Ahluwalia
* Aruna Asaf Ali
* Fazal Ali
* Adarsh Sein Anand
* Madhav Shrihari Aney
* Parkash Singh Badal
* Sikander Bakht
* Milon K. Banerji
* Mirza Hameedullah Beg
* P. N. Bhagwati
* Raja Chelliah
* Chandra Kisan Daphtary
* Niren De
* C. D. Deshmukh
* Anthony Lancelot Dias
* Uma Shankar Dikshit
* Kazi Lhendup Dorjee
* George Fernandes
* P. B. Gajendragadkar
* Benjamin Gilman
* Ismaïl Omar Guelleh
* Zakir Husain
* V. R. Krishna Iyer
* Jagmohan
* Lakshmi Chand Jain
* Arun Jaitley
* Aditya Nath Jha
* Murli Manohar Joshi
* Anerood Jugnauth
* Mehdi Nawaz Jung
* Ali Yavar Jung
* Vijay Kelkar
* Hans Raj Khanna
* V. N. Khare
* Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher
* Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai
* Jivraj Narayan Mehta
* V. K. Krishna Menon
* Hirendranath Mukherjee
* Ajoy Mukherjee
* Pranab Mukherjee
* Padmaja Naidu
* Venkaiah Naidu
* Gulzarilal Nanda
* Govind Narain
* Fali Sam Nariman
* Hosei Norota
* Nanabhoy Palkhivala
* K. Parasaran
* Hari Vinayak Pataskar
* Sunder Lal Patwa
* Sharad Pawar
* Naryana Raghvan Pillai
* Sri Prakasa
* N. G. Ranga
* Ravi Narayana Reddy
* Y. Venugopal Reddy
* Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq
* Lakshmi Sahgal
* P. A. Sangma
* M. C. Setalvad
* Kalyan Singh
* Karan Singh
* Nagendra Singh
* Swaran Singh
* Walter Sisulu
* Soli Sorabjee
* Kalyan Sundaram
* Sushma Swaraj
* Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi
* Atal Bihari Vajpayee
* M. N. Venkatachaliah
* Kottayan Katankot Venugopal
* Jigme Dorji Wangchuck
* S. M. Krishna
* Mulayam Singh Yadav

Science and
engineering|

* V. K. Aatre
* Salim Ali
* Norman Borlaug
* Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
* Rajagopala Chidambaram
* Charles Correa
* Satish Dhawan
* Anil Kakodkar
* A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
* Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan
* Har Gobind Khorana
* Daulat Singh Kothari
* Verghese Kurien
* Raghunath Anant Mashelkar
* G. Madhavan Nair
* Roddam Narasimha
* Jayant Narlikar
* Rajendra K. Pachauri
* Benjamin Peary Pal
* Yash Pal
* I. G. Patel
* Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
* K. R. Ramanathan
* Raja Ramanna
* C. R. Rao
* C. N. R. Rao
* Palle Rama Rao
* Udupi Ramachandra Rao
* Vikram Sarabhai
* Man Mohan Sharma
* Obaid Siddiqi
* E. Sreedharan
* M. R. Srinivasan
* George Sudarshan
* M. S. Swaminathan
* Narinder Singh Kapany
* S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan

Social work|

* Baba Amte
* Pandurang Shastri Athavale
* Janaki Devi Bajaj
* Mirabehn
* Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay
* Durgabai Deshmukh
* Nanaji Deshmukh
* Nirmala Deshpande
* Mohan Dharia
* U. N. Dhebar
* Valerian Gracias
* Veerendra Heggade
* Mary Clubwala Jadhav
* Gaganvihari Lallubhai Mehta
* Usha Mehta
* Sister Nirmala
* Nellie Sengupta

Sports|

* Viswanathan Anand
* Edmund Hillary
* Mary Kom
* Sachin Tendulkar

Trade and industry|

* Dhirubhai Ambani
* Ghanshyam Das Birla
* Ashok Sekhar Ganguly
* Karim Al Hussaini Aga Khan
* Lakshmi Mittal
* Anil Manibhai Naik
* N. R. Narayana Murthy
* M. Narasimham
* Prithvi Raj Singh Oberoi
* Azim Premji
* Prathap C. Reddy
* J. R. D. Tata
* Ratan Tata

* Portal
* Category
* WikiProject

* v
* t
* e

Padma Bhushan award recipients (1960–1969)

1960|

* Haridas Siddhanta Bagish
* Rabindra Nath Chaudhuri
* Nilakantha Das
* Rajeshwar Shastri Dravid
* Kazi Nazrul Islam
* Hafiz Ali Khan
* Bal Krishna Sharma Naveen
* Ayyadevara Kaleswara Rao
* Acharya Shivpujan Sahay
* Vithal Nagesh Shirodkar

1961|

* Rustomji Bomanji Billimoria
* Seth Govind Das
* Verrier Elwin
* Niranjan Das Gulhati
* L. Venkatakrishna Iyer
* Rai Krishnadas
* Sumitranandan Pant
* Svetoslav Roerich
* Bhagwan Sahay
* Bindeshwari Prasad Verma
* Krishnasami Venkataraman
* Ardeshir Ruttonji Wadia

1962|

* Ramchandra Narayan Dandekar
* Prem Chandra Dhanda
* Asaf Ali Asghar Fyzee
* Bade Ghulam Ali Khan
* Daulat Singh Kothari
* Mithan Jamshed Lam
* Sudhansu Sobhan Maitra
* Sisir Kumar Mitra
* Tarabai Modak
* Niaz Fatehpuri
* Jal Ratanji Patel
* Narayan Sitaram Phadke
* V. Raghavan
* Dukhan Ram
* T. S. Soundram
* Mahankali Seetharama Rao
* Moturi Satyanarayana
* Sitaram Seksaria
* Santosh Kumar Sen
* Tarlok Singh
* Raja Radhika Raman Sinha

1963|

* Makhanlal Chaturvedi
* Omeo Kumar Das
* Nitish Chandra Laharry
* Badri Nath Prasad
* Kanuri Lakshmana Rao
* Rahul Sankrityayan
* Ramanlal Gokaldas Saraiya
* T. R. Seshadri
* Sardar Harnarain Singh
* Ramkumar Verma

1964|

* Sheikh Abdullah
* Nuruddin Ahmed
* Rafiuddin Ahmed
* Jacob Chandy
* Kunji Lal Dubey
* Tushar Kanti Ghosh
* Dara Nusserwanji Khurody
* Anukul Chandra Mukherjee
* Jnanendra Nath Mukherjee
* Bhola Nath Mullik
* R. K. Narayan
* Chintaman Govind Pandit
* Tribhuvandas Kishibhai Patel
* Bal Gandharva
* T. N. Ramachandran
* Khushwant Lal Wig

1965|

* Joginder Singh Dhillon
* Bhalchandra Babaji Dikshit
* Narasinh Narayan Godbole
* Nawang Gombu
* Sonam Gyatso
* Akbar Ali Khan
* S. L. Kirloskar
* Mohan Singh Kohli
* Harbaksh Singh
* P. O. Dunn
* Kashmir Singh Katoch
* Pratap Chandra Lal
* Ramaswamy Rajaram
* Mohammad Mujeeb
* Jayant Narlikar
* K. R. Ramanathan
* Satyajit Ray
* Triguna Sen
* Vrindavan Lal Verma
* Manikya Lal Verma

1966|

* Babubhai Maneklal Chinai
* Puliyur Krishnaswamy Duraiswami
* Verghese Kurien
* Zubin Mehta
* K. P. Kesava Menon
* Mannathu Padmanabha Pillai
* K. Shankar Pillai
* Vikram Sarabhai
* Vinayak Sitaram Sarwate
* Homi Sethna
* Jodh Singh
* Haribhau Upadhyaya

1967|

* Mulk Raj Anand
* Tara Cherian
* Krishna Kanta Handique
* Akshay Kumar Jain
* Pupul Jayakar
* Ali Akbar Khan
* D. P. Kohli
* Ramanathan Krishnan
* Cheruvari Lakshmanan
* S. I. Padmavati
* D. C. Pavate
* Datto Vaman Potdar
* B. Shiva Rao
* Khwaja Ghulam Saiyidain
* Mihir Sen
* Ravi Shankar
* M. L. Vasanthakumari

1968|

* Acharya Vishva Bandhu
* Prabhu Lal Bhatnagar
* Mary Clubwala Jadhav
* K. Shivaram Karanth
* Bismillah Khan
* Vishnu Sakharam Khandekar
* Sam Manekshaw
* Mansukhlal Atmaram Master
* M. G. K. Menon
* Waman Bapuji Metre
* Gujarmal Modi
* Murugappa Channaveerappa Modi
* Benjamin Peary Pal
* Brahm Prakash
* Manikonda Chalapathi Rau
* C. R. Rao
* Radhanath Rath
* Mariadas Ruthnaswamy
* Firaq Gorakhpuri
* Shripad Damodar Satwalekar
* G. Sankara Kurup
* Periyasaamy Thooran
* Mamidipudi Venkatarangayya

1969|

* Tarasankar Bandyopadhyay
* Rahim-ud-in Khan Dagar
* Mohanlal Lallubhai Dantwala
* Keshavrao Krishnarao Datey
* Keshav Prasad Goenka
* Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer
* Vithalbhai Jhaveri
* Prithviraj Kapoor
* Kesarbai Kerkar
* Krishna Kripalani
* Adinath Lahiri
* Gobind Behari Lal
* Kasturbhai Lalbhai
* Lata Mangeshkar
* V. K. Narayana Menon
* Saghar Nizami
* Nanasaheb Parulekar
* Yashwant Dinkar Pendharkar
* Vitthal Laxman Phadke
* Raja Rao
* Niharranjan Ray
* Prafulla Kumar Sen
* Haroon Khan Sherwani
* Naval Tata
* S. S. Vasan

# Posthumous conferral

* 1954–1959
* 1960–1969
* 1970–1979
* 1980–1989
* 1990–1999
* 2000–2009
* 2010–2019
* 2020–2029

* v
* t
* e

Ramon Magsaysay Award winners of India

* Amitabha Chowdhury
* Anshu Gupta
* Aruna Roy
* Arun Shourie
* Arvind Kejriwal
* Baba Amte
* Banoo Jehangir Coyaji
* Bezwada Wilson
* Bharat Vatwani
* B. G. Verghese
* Chandi Prasad Bhatt
* C. D. Deshmukh
* Dara Nusserwanji Khurody
* Deep Joshi
* Ela Bhatt
* Gour Kishore Ghosh
* Harish Hande
* Jockin Arputham
* James Michael Lyngdoh
* Jayaprakash Narayan
* Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay
* Kiran Bedi
* Kulandei Francis
* K. V. Subbanna
* Lakshmi Chand Jain
* Laxminarayan Ramdas
* Mabelle Arole
* Mahasweta Devi
* Mahesh Chandra Mehta
* Manibhai Desai
* Mandakini Amte
* Mother Teresa
* M. S. Subbulakshmi
* M. S. Swaminathan
* Nileema Mishra
* Palagummi Sainath
* Pandurang Shastri Athavale
* Prakash Amte
* P. K. Sethi
* Rajendra Singh
* Ravi Shankar
* Ravish Kumar
* R. K. Laxman
* Rajanikant Arole
* Sanjiv Chaturvedi
* Satyajit Ray
* Sombhu Mitra
* Sandeep Pandey
* Shantha Sinha
* Sonam Wangchuk
* T. M. Krishna
* T. N. Seshan
* Tribhuvandas Kishibhai Patel
* V. Shanta
* Verghese Kurien
* Vinoba Bhave

List of Ramon Magsaysay Award winners

* v
* t
* e

Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship

1954–1960|

* Allauddin Khan (1954)
* Hafiz Ali Khan (1954)
* Ariyakudi Ramanuja Iyengar (1954)
* Karaikudi Sambasiva Iyer (1954)
* Prithviraj Kapoor (1954)
* Anjanibai Malpekar (1958)

1961–1980|

* Gopeshwar Banerjee (1962)
* D. Annaswami Bhagavathar (1962)
* Uday Shankar (1962)
* Papanasam Sivan (1962)
* Swami Prajnanananda (1963)
* Shrikrishna Narayan Ratanjankar (1963)
* Pichu Sambamoorthi (1963)
* Mama Warerkar (1963)
* T. L. Venkatarama Aiyar (1964)
* C. Saraswathi Bai (1964)
* Birendra Kishore Roy Choudhury (1964)
* B. R. Deodhar (1964)
* V. Raghavan (1964)
* P. V. Rajamannar (1964)
* Vinayakrao Patwardhan (1965)
* Ganesh Hari Ranade (1965)
* Dilipkumar Roy (1965)
* Jaideva Singh (1965)
* D. G. Vyas (1965)
* Ashutosh Bhattacharya (1966)
* E. Krishna Iyer (1966)
* Sombhu Mitra (1966)
* Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar (1966)
* Ebrahim Alkazi (1967)
* Rukmini Devi Arundale (1967)
* Musiri Subramania Iyer (1967)
* Bade Ghulam Ali Khan (1967)
* P. K. Kunju Kurup (1967)
* Shambhu Maharaj (1967)
* V. Satyanarayana Sarma (1967)
* Adya Rangacharya (1967)
* Kali Charan Patnaik (1968)
* K. C. D. Brahaspati (1970)
* Kapila Vatsyayan (1970)
* Dilip Chandra Vedi (1970)
* Tarapada Chakraborty (1972)
* Krishnarao Phulambrikar (1972)
* Rallapalli Ananta Krishna Sharma (1972)
* Shivaram Karanth (1973)
* Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay (1974)
* Jnan Prakash Ghosh (1974)
* M. S. Subbulakshmi (1974)
* T. Balasaraswati (1975)
* Zubin Mehta (1975)
* Rasiklal Parikh (1975)
* Ravi Shankar (1975)
* Embar S. Vijayaraghavachariar (1975)
* Santidev Ghosh (1976)
* Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer (1976)
* Hirjibhai Rustomji Doctor (1977)
* Tinuvengadu Subramania Pillai (1978)
* B. Puttaswamayya (1978)
* Purushottam Laxman Deshpande (1979)
* D. T. Joshi (1979)
* Sumati Mutatkar (1979)
* T. P. Kuppiah Pillai (1979)
* V. K. Narayana Menon (1980)

1981–2000|

* Mani Madhava Chakyar (1982)
* Mallikarjun Mansur (1982)
* M. Kirupanandawari (1984)
* Chandravadan Mehta (1984)
* Siyaram Tiwari (1984)
* V. V. Swarna Venkatesa Deekshithar (1986)
* Komal Kothari (1986)
* S. Ramanathan (1986)
* Satyajit Ray (1986)
* Shivaputra Siddaramayya Komkali ‘Kumar Gandharva’ (1988)
* Lata Mangeshkar (1989)
* Utpal Dutt (1990)
* Ram Gopal (1990)
* Alain Daniélou (1991)
* Kelucharan Mohapatra (1991)
* T. S. Parthasarathy (1991)
* Ali Akbar Khan (1992)
* D. K. Pattammal (1992)
* Prem Lata Sharma (1992)
* Girish Karnad (1993)
* Mrinalini Sarabhai (1993)
* Bismillah Khan (1994)
* Yehudi Menuhin (1994)
* Maheswar Neog (1994)
* Vilayat Khan (1995)
* Ammannur Madhava Chakyar (1996)
* Gangubai Hangal (1996)
* Habib Tanvir (1996)
* Badal Sarkar (1997)
* Bhimsen Joshi (1998)
* Birju Maharaj (1998)
* K. P. Kittappa Pillai (1998)
* Vijay Tendulkar (1998)

2001–2021|

* M. Balamuralikrishna (2001)
* B. V. Karanth (2001)
* Vempati Chinna Satyam (2001)
* Shanno Khurana (2002)
* Kavalam Narayana Panicker (2002)
* Chandralekha (2004)
* Annapurna Devi (2004)
* Bindhyabasini Devi (2004)
* Ramankutty Nair (2004)
* Zohra Sehgal (2004)
* Tapas Sen (2004)
* Rohini Bhate (2006)
* T. N. Krishnan (2006)
* Kishan Maharaj (2006)
* Gursharan Singh (2006)
* Ningthoukhongjam Khelchandra (2006)
* Sushil Kumar Saxena (2007)
* Khaled Choudhury (2008)
* Sitara Devi (2008)
* Bhupen Hazarika (2008)
* R. C. Mehta (2008)
* Kishori Amonkar (2009)
* Jasraj (2009)
* Lalgudi Jayaraman (2009)
* Yamini Krishnamurthy (2009)
* Shriram Lagoo (2009)
* Kamlesh Dutt Tripathi (2009)
* Girija Devi (2010)
* T. K. Murthy (2010)
* Nataraja Ramakrishna (2010)
* Rahim Fahimuddin Dagar (2010)
* M. Chandrasekaran (2011)
* Hariprasad Chaurasia (2011)
* Kalamandalam Gopi (2011)
* Chandrashekhara Kambara (2011)
* Heisnam Kanhailal (2011)
* Mukund Lath (2011)
* Shivkumar Sharma (2011)
* Rajkumar Singhajit Singh (2011)
* Umayalpuram K. Sivaraman (2011)
* Padma Subrahmanyam (2011)
* Amjad Ali Khan (2011)
* N. Rajam (2012)
* Ratan Thiyam (2012)
* T. H. Vinayakram (2012)
* Mahesh Elkunchwar (2013)
* Kanak Rele (2013)
* R. Sathyanarayana (2013)
* Tulsidas Borkar (2014)
* S. R. Janakiraman (2014)
* Vijay Kumar Kichlu (2014)
* M. S. Sathyu (2014)
* C. V. Chandrasekhar (2015)
* Arvind Parikh (2016)
* R. Vedavalli (2016)
* Ram Gopal Bajaj (2016)
* Sunil Kothari (2016)
* Zakir Hussain (2018)
* Jatin Goswami (2018)
* Sonal Mansingh (2018)
* T. K. Kalyanasundaram (2018)
* Saroja Vaidyanathan (2019–2021)
* Sadanam Krishnankutty (2019–2021)
* Darshana Jhaveri (2019–2021)
* Chhannulal Mishra (2019–2021)
* A. K. C. Natarajan (2019–2021)
* Swapan Chaudhuri (2019–2021)
* Malini Rajurkar (2019–2021)
* T. V. Gopalakrishnan (2019–2021)
* Teejan Bai (2019–2021)
* Bharat Gupt (2019–2021)

2022–2023|

* Vinayak Khedekar (2022–2023)
* R. Visweswaran (2022–2023)
* Sunayana Hazarilal (2022–2023)
* Raja and Radha Reddy (2022–2023)
* Dulal Roy (2022–2023)
* Daya Prakash Sinha (2022–2023)

* v
* t
* e

Recipients of Padma Shri in Art

1950s|

* Omkarnath Thakur (1955)
* Sthanam Narasimha Rao (1956)
* Sudhir Khastgir (1957)
* Dwaram Venkataswamy Naidu (1957)
* Debaki Bose (1958)
* Shambhu Maharaj (1958)
* Nargis (1958)
* Satyajit Ray (1958)
* Devika Rani (1958)

1960s|

* K. K. Hebbar (1961)
* Bismillah Khan (1961)
* Raghunath Krishna Phadke (1961)
* Ashok Kumar (1962)
* Mehboob Khan (1963)
* Melville de Mellow (1963)
* Vinayak Pandurang Karmarkar (1964)
* Adi Pherozeshah Marzban (1964)
* P. C. Sorcar (1964)
* Guru Kunchu Kurup (1965)
* V. Nagayya (1965)
* Ravishankar Raval (1965)
* Mrinalini Sarabhai (1965)
* Sivaji Ganesan (1966)
* M. F. Husain (1966)
* Sumitra Charat Ram (1966)
* P. Bhanumathi (1966)
* Daji Bhatawadekar (1967)
* Vasant Desai (1967)
* Siddheshwari Devi (1967)
* Mohammed Rafi (1967)
* Sashadhar Mukherjee (1967)
* Vinjamuri Venkata Lakshmi Narasimha Rao (1967)
* M. R. Acharekar (1968)
* Begum Akhtar (1968)
* Sharan Rani Backliwal (1968)
* Nikhil Banerjee (1968)
* Sunil Dutt (1968)
* Durga Khote (1968)
* Yamini Krishnamurthy (1968)
* Shankar–Jaikishan (1968)
* Ayodhya Prasad (1968)
* Akkineni Nageswara Rao (1968)
* N. T. Rama Rao (1968)
* Devi Lal Samar (1968)
* Vyjayanthimala (1968)
* Khwaja Ahmad Abbas (1969)
* David Abraham Cheulkar (1969)
* N. S. Bendre (1969)
* S. D. Burman (1969)
* B. Saroja Devi (1969)
* Indrani Rahman (1969)
* Balraj Sahni (1969)
* S. N. Swamy (artist) (1969)

1970s|

* Sukumar Bose (1970)
* Prem Dhawan (1970)
* Ratna Fabri (1970)
* Gemini Ganesan (1970)
* Ritwik Ghatak (1970)
* Damayanti Joshi (1970)
* Abdul Halim Jaffer Khan (1970)
* Karl Jamshed Khandalavala (1970)
* Madhaviah Krishnan (1970)
* Rajendra Kumar (1970)
* Pankaj Mullick (1970)
* Kalamandalam Krishnan Nair (1970)
* Relangi (1970)
* Gummadi (1970)
* Vijay Raghav Rao (1970)
* V. Satyanarayana Sarma (1970)
* Maisnam Amubi Singh (1970)
* K. B. Sundarambal (1970)
* Avinash Vyas (1970)
* M. Balamuralikrishna (1971)
* Sankho Chaudhuri (1971)
* Manna Dey (1971)
* Tripti Mitra (1971)
* Vazhenkada Kunchu Nair (1971)
* Chenganoor Raman Pillai (1971)
* K. N. Dandayudhapani Pillai (1971)
* Shanta Rao (1971)
* Ravi (1971)
* Sahir Ludhianvi (1971)
* Siyaram Tiwari (musician) (1971)
* Chiranjeet Chakraborty (1972)
* Girija Devi (1972)
* Vasudeo S. Gaitonde (1972)
* Sunil Janah (1972)
* Lalgudi Jayaraman (1972)
* Bhimsen Joshi (1972)
* Mahendra Kapoor (1972)
* Ram Kumar (artist) (1972)
* Hrishikesh Mukherjee (1972)
* Vazhuvoor Ramaiah Pillai (1972)
* Samta Prasad (1972)
* M. K. Radha (1972)
* Raghu Rai (1972)
* Krishna Reddy (1972)
* Waheeda Rehman (1972)
* Juthika Roy (1972)
* Suchitra Sen (1972)
* Gubbi Veeranna (1972)
* Sitara Devi (1973)
* T. N. Krishnan (1973)
* Kishan Maharaj (1973)
* Ramanathapuram C. S. Murugabhoopathy (1973)
* Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair (1973)
* Uma Sharma (1973)
* S. G. Thakur Singh (1973)
* Kaifi Azmi (1974)
* Pushkar Bhan (1974)
* Mani Madhava Chakyar (1974)
* Bindhyabasini Devi (1974)
* Naina Devi (1974)
* Girish Karnad (1974)
* Shriram Lagoo (1974)
* Kelucharan Mohapatra (1974)
* Nutan (1974)
* M. D. Ramanathan (1974)
* Som Nath Sadhu (1974)
* Emani Sankara Sastry (1974)
* Kripal Singh Shekhawat (1974)
* Manik Varma (1974)
* M. S. Gopalakrishnan (1975)
* Jasraj (1975)
* Amjad Ali Khan (1975)
* Gopi Krishna (1975)
* Sanjukta Panigrahi (1975)
* Basavaraj Rajguru (1975)
* Kalyanam Raghuramayya (1975)
* M. S. Sathyu (1975)
* K. G. Subramanyan (1975)
* Gitchandra Tongbra (1975)
* K. J. Yesudas (1975)
* Shyam Benegal (1976)
* Raghunath Mohapatra (1976)
* Ram Narayan (1976)
* K. V. Narayanaswamy (1976)
* R. Nagendra Rao (1976)
* S. Somasundaram (1976)
* Parveen Sultana (1976)
* Dhanraj Bhagat (1977)
* Bhupen Hazarika (1977)
* Sheik Chinna Moulana (1977)
* Alla Rakha (1977)
* Jehangir Sabavala (1977)
* Ghulam Rasool Santosh (1977)

1980s|

* B. V. Karanth (1981)
* Namagiripettai Krishnan (1981)
* Gambhir Singh Mura (1981)
* Dashrath Patel (1981)
* S. H. Raza (1981)
* Padma Subrahmanyam (1981)
* Allah Jilai Bai (1982)
* Ammannur Madhava Chakyar (1982)
* Jabbar Patel (1982)
* Virendra Prabhakar (1982)
* Gautam Vaghela (1982)
* Sirkazhi Govindarajan (1983)
* Gautam Vaghela (1982)
* Sirkazhi Govindarajan (1983)
* Sharafat Hussain Khan (1983)
* Nepal Mahata (1983)
* Handel Manuel (1983)
* Gulam Mohammed Sheikh (1983)
* Raghubir Singh (1983)
* Sobha Singh (1983)
* Habib Tanvir (1983)
* Ganga Devi (1984)
* Amitabh Bachchan (1984)
* Purushottam Das (1984)
* Adoor Gopalakrishnan (1984)
* Bhupen Khakhar (1984)
* Ben Kingsley (1984)
* Vinay Chandra Maudgalya (1984)
* Roshan Kumari (1984)
* Mavelikara Krishnankutty Nair (1984)
* N. Rajam (1984)
* Raja and Radha Reddy (1984)
* Nek Chand (1984)
* Ram Gopal Vijayvargiya (1984)
* Shanti Dave (1985)
* Asa Singh Mastana (1985)
* Laxman Pai (1985)
* Smita Patil (1985)
* Palghat R. Raghu (1985)
* Naseeruddin Shah (1985)
* Shankar Bapu Apegaonkar (1986)
* Kanika Banerjee (1986)
* Subrata Mitra (1986)
* Rajkumar Singhajit Singh (1986)
* Hisam-ud-din Usta (1986)
* K. Balachander (1987)
* Kumudini Lakhia (1987)
* Vijaya Mehta (1987)
* N. Ramani (1987)
* Aparna Sen (1987)
* Naresh Sohal (1987)
* Jitendra Abhisheki (1988)
* Shabana Azmi (1988)
* Teejan Bai (1988)
* Bikash Bhattacharjee (1988)
* Zakir Hussain (1988)
* Chindodi Leela (1988)
* Sudharani Raghupathy (1988)
* Sudarshan Sahoo (1988)
* Kudrat Singh (1988)
* Umayalpuram K. Sivaraman (1988)
* Jitendra Abhisheki (1988)
* Adyar K. Lakshman (1989)
* Haku Shah (1989)
* L. Subramaniam (1989)
* Ratan Thiyam (1989)
* Upendra Trivedi (1989)

1990s|

* Mohan Agashe (1990)
* G. Aravindan (1990)
* Prabha Atre (1990)
* Asgari Bai (1990)
* Gulab Bai (1990)
* Balwantrai Bhatt (1990)
* Diwaliben Bhil (1990)
* Raj Bisaria (1990)
* S. M. Ganapathy (1990)
* Kamal Haasan (1990)
* Bishamber Khanna (1990)
* Krishen Khanna (1990)
* Allu Ramalingaiah (1990)
* Tarun Majumdar (1990)
* Madhavi Mudgal (1990)
* Om Puri (1990)
* Kanak Rele (1990)
* Leela Samson (1990)
* Maharajapuram Santhanam (1990)
* Kapila Vatsyayan (1990)
* Ranbir Singh Bisht (1991)
* Bharat Gopy (1991)
* Ghulam Mustafa Khan (1991)
* Hafeez Ahmed Khan (1991)
* Shanno Khurana (1991)
* Pratima Barua Pandey (1991)
* Manu Parekh (1991)
* Shivkumar Sharma (1991)
* Gurcharan Singh (painter) (1991)
* Sharda Sinha (1991)
* Alarmel Valli (1991)
* Jaya Bachchan (1992)
* Pankaj Charan Das (1992)
* Biren De (1992)
* Srirangam Gopalaratnam (1992)
* Sabri Khan (1992)
* Sunita Kohli (1992)
* Madurai N. Krishnan (1992)
* Manoj Kumar (1992)
* Meera Mukherjee (1992)
* Asha Parekh (1992)
* Nataraja Ramakrishna (1992)
* Bhagaban Sahu (1992)
* Anandji Virji Shah (1992)
* Kalyanji Virji Shah (1992)
* Sundari K. Shridharani (1992)
* Tapan Sinha (1992)
* Muthiah Sthapati (1992)
* K. Viswanath (1992)
* Chitra Visweswaran (1992)
* Dipali Barthakur (1998)
* Mammootty (1998)
* Kunja Bihari Meher (1998)
* Krishnarao Sable (1998)
* Zohra Sehgal (1998)
* K. Ibomcha Sharma (1998)
* U. Srinivas (1998)
* Javed Akhtar (1999)
* Saryu Doshi (1999)
* Sulochana Latkar (1999)
* Sumati Mutatkar (1999)
* Shobha Deepak Singh (1999)
* Jagmohan Sursagar (1999)
* Ram V. Sutar (1999)

2000s|

* Kanhai Chitrakar (2000)
* Shekhar Kapur (2000)
* Hema Malini (2000)
* Anjolie Ela Menon (2000)
* Shubha Mudgal (2000)
* Alyque Padamsee (2000)
* A. R. Rahman (2000)
* Ramanand Sagar (2000)
* S. P. Balasubrahmanyam (2001)
* Aamir Raza Husain (2001)
* Padmaja Phenany Joglekar (2001)
* Mohammed Tayab Khan (2001)
* Sunil Kothari (2001)
* Nerella Venu Madhav (2001)
* Mohanlal (2001)
* Shobha Naidu (2001)
* D. V. S. Raju (2001)
* Avadhanam Sita Raman (2001)
* Siramdasu Venkata Rama Rao (2001)
* Thota Tharani (2001)
* W. D. Amaradeva (2002)
* Raj Begum (2002)
* Vishwa Mohan Bhatt (2002)
* Pushpa Bhuyan (2002)
* Rajan Devadas (2002)
* Darshana Jhaveri (2002)
* Abdul Latif Khan (2002)
* Mani Krishnaswami (2002)
* Fazal Mohammad (2002)
* Manorama (Tamil actress) (2002)
* Govind Nihalani (2002)
* Mani Ratnam (2002)
* Kiran Segal (2002)
* Navaneetham Padmanabha Seshadri (2002)
* Saroja Vaidyanathan (2002)
* T. H. Vinayakram (2002)
* Jahnu Barua (2003)
* Danny Denzongpa (2003)
* Kshetrimayum Ongbi Thouranisabi Devi (2003)
* Rita Ganguly (2003)
* Ranjana Gauhar (2003)
* Sadashiv Vasantrao Gorakshkar (2003)
* Rakhee Gulzar (2003)
* Nemi Chandra Jain (2003)
* O. P. Jain (2003)
* Aamir Khan (2003)
* Shafaat Ahmed Khan (2003)
* T. M. Soundararajan (2003)
* Sukumari (2003)
* Satish Vyas (2003)
* Bharathiraja (2004)
* Maguni Charan Das (2004)
* Manoranjan Das (2004)
* D. K. Datar (2004)
* Kadri Gopalnath (2004)
* Hariharan (singer) (2004)
* Purshottam Das Jalota (2004)
* Krishn Kanhai (2004)
* Heisnam Kanhailal (2004)
* Anupam Kher (2004)
* Sikkil Sisters – Kunjumani & Neela (2004)
* Keezhpadam Kumaran Nair (2004)
* Sudha Ragunathan (2004)
* Haridwaramangalam A. K. Palanivel (2004)
* Veernala Jayarama Rao (2004)
* Bharati Shivaji (2004)
* Singh Bandhu (2004)
* Bhajan Sopori (2004)
* Neyyattinkara Vasudevan (2004)
* Muzaffar Ali (2005)
* Shameem Dev Azad (2005)
* M. Boyer (2005)
* K. S. Chithra (2005)
* Yumlembam Gambhini Devi (2005)
* Shah Rukh Khan (2005)
* Ghulam Sadiq Khan (2005)
* Kavita Krishnamurti (2005)
* Chaturbhuj Meher (2005)
* Kumkum Mohanty (2005)
* Punaram Nishad (2005)
* Kedar Nath Sahoo (2005)
* Sougaijam Thanil Singh (2005)
* Kunnakudi Vaidyanathan (2005)
* Komala Varadan (2005)
* Wadali Brothers (2005)
* Ileana Citaristi (2006)
* Mehmood Dhaulpuri (2006)
* Shree Lal Joshi (2006)
* Surinder Kaur (2006)
* Rashid Khan (musician) (2006)
* Vasundhara Komkali (2006)
* Yashodhar Mathpal (2006)
* Madhup Mudgal (2006)
* Kavungal Chathunni Panicker (2006)
* Shyama Charan Pati (2006)
* Gayatri Sankaran (2006)
* Prasad Sawkar (2006)
* Aribam Syam Sharma (2006)
* Shobana (2006)
* Kanaka Srinivasan (2006)
* Pankaj Udhas (2006)
* Mohan Babu (2007)
* Geeta Chandran (2007)
* Astad Deboo (2007)
* Neelamani Devi (2007)
* Remo Fernandes (2007)
* P. Gopinathan (2007)
* Pushpa Hans (2007)
* Shanti Hiranand (2007)
* Ananda Shankar Jayant (2007)
* Govardhan Kumari (2007)
* Sonam Tshering Lepcha (2007)
* Balachandra Menon (2007)
* Shashikala (2007)
* Gajendra Narayan Singh (2007)
* Thingbaijam Babu Singh (2007)
* Pannuru Sripathy (2007)
* Valayapatti A. R. Subramaniam (2007)
* Waman Thakre (2007)
* P. R. Thilagam (2007)
* Tom Alter (2008)
* Moozhikkulam Kochukuttan Chakyar (2008)
* Jonnalagadda Gurappa Chetty (2008)
* Meenakshi Chitharanjan (2008)
* Madhuri Dixit Nene (2008)
* Kekoo Gandhy (2008)
* Helen Giri Syiem (2008)
* Jatin Goswami (2008)
* Hans Raj Hans (2008)
* Sabitri Heisnam (2008)
* Gokulotsavji Maharaj (2008)
* P. K. Narayanan Nambiar (2008)
* Gennadi Mikhailovich Pechinkov (2008)
* Gangadhar Pradhan (2008)
* M. Night Shyamalan (2008)
* Sirkazhi G. Sivachidambaram (2008)
* Jawahar Wattal (2008)
* Ameena Ahmad Ahuja (2009)
* Aishwarya Rai Bachchan (2009)
* Hemi Bawa (2009)
* Brahmanandam (2009)
* Devayani (dancer) (2009)
* Suresh Dutta (2009)
* Kalamandalam Gopi (2009)
* Niranjan Goswami (2009)
* Geeta Kapur (2009)
* Nirmal Singh Khalsa (2009)
* Hashmat Ullah Khan (2009)
* Helen (2009)
* S. Krishnaswamy (2009)
* Akshay Kumar (2009)
* Iravatham Mahadevan (2009)
* Hridaynath Mangeshkar (2009)
* Penaz Masani (2009)
* Shaoli Mitra (2009)
* Udit Narayan (2009)
* Govind Ram Nirmalkar (2009)
* Leela Omchery (2009)
* Pratapaditya Pal (2009)
* Aruna Sairam (2009)
* Mattannoor Sankarankutty (2009)
* Kumar Sanu (2009)
* Kiran Seth (2009)
* Gurumayum Gourakishor Sharma (2009)
* Skendrowell Syiemlieh (2009)
* Thilakan (2009)
* K. P. Udayabhanu (2009)
* Vivek (actor) (2009)

2010s|

* Gul Bardhan (2010)
* Carmel Berkson (2010)
* Wasifuddin Dagar (2010)
* Haobam Ongbi Ngangbi Devi (2010)
* Nemai Ghosh (2010)
* Sumitra Guha (2010)
* Ulhas Kashalkar (2010)
* Saif Ali Khan (2010)
* Mukund Lath (2010)
* Ram Dayal Munda (2010)
* Arundathi Nag (2010)
* Raghunath Panigrahi (2010)
* Resul Pookutty (2010)
* Arjun Prajapati (2010)
* Rajkumar Achouba Singh (2010)
* Shobha Raju (2010)
* Mayadhar Raut (2010)
* Rekha (2010)
* Ajoy Chakrabarty (2011)
* Neelam Mansingh Chowdhry (2011)
* Makar Dhwaja Darogha (2011)
* Mahasundari Devi (2011)
* Gajam Govardhana (2011)
* Sunayana Hazarilal (2011)
* S. R. Janakiraman (2011)
* Jayaram (2011)
* Kajol (2011)
* Shaji N. Karun (2011)
* Girish Kasaravalli (2011)
* Irrfan Khan (2011)
* Tabu (2011)
* Kalamandalam Kshemavathy (2011)
* Peruvanam Kuttan Marar (2011)
* Jivya Soma Mashe (2011)
* Dadi Pudumjee (2011)
* M. K. Saroja (2011)
* Khangembam Mangi Singh (2011)
* Prahlad Tipanya (2011)
* Usha Uthup (2011)
* Satish Alekar (2012)
* Satish Alekar (2012)
* Vanraj Bhatia (2012)
* Nameirakpam Ibemni Devi (2012)
* Gopal Prasad Dubey (2012)
* Gundecha Brothers (2012)
* Chittani Ramachandra Hegde (2012)
* Anup Jalota (2012)
* Moti Lal Kemmu (2012)
* Shahid Parvez (2012)
* Mohanlal Chaturbhuj Kumhar (2012)
* Sakar Khan (2012)
* Joy Michael (2012)
* Minati Mishra (2012)
* Na Muthuswamy (2012)
* R. Nagarathnamma (2012)
* Kalamandalam Sivan Namboodiri (2012)
* Priyadarshan (2012)
* Priyadarshan (2012)
* Vijay Sharma (2012)
* Laila Tyabji (2012)
* Yamunabai Waikar (2012)
* S. Shakir Ali (2013)
* Gajam Anjaiah (2013)
* Bapu (2013)
* Pablo Bartholomew (2013)
* Purna Das Baul Samrat (2013)
* G. C. D. Bharti (2013)
* Apurba Kishore Bir (2013)
* Ghanakanta Bora (2013)
* B. Jayashree (2013)
* Hildamit Lepcha (2013)
* Madhu (actor) (2013)
* Sudha Malhotra (2013)
* Kailash Chandra Meher (2013)
* Brahmdeo Ram Pandit (2013)
* Nana Patekar (2013)
* Rekandar Nageswara Rao (2013)
* Ghulam Mohammad Saznawaz (2013)
* Jaymala Shiledar (2013)
* Ramesh Sippy (2013)
* Sridevi (2013)
* Suresh Talwalkar (2013)
* Mahrukh Tarapor (2013)
* Balwant Thakur (2013)
* Rajendra Tiku (2013)
* Mohammad Ali Baig (2014)
* Vidya Balan (2014)
* Musafir Ram Bhardwaj (2014)
* Sabitri Chatterjee (2014)
* Biman Bihari Das (2014)
* Sunil Das (2014)
* Elam Endira Devi (2014)
* Supriya Devi (2014)
* Vijay Ghate (2014)
* Nayana Apte Joshi (2014)
* Elam Endira Devi (2014)
* Supriya Devi (2014)
* Vijay Ghate (2014)
* Nayana Apte Joshi (2014)
* Rani Karnaa (2014)
* Bansi Kaul (2014)
* Moinuddin Khan (musician) (2014)
* Geeta Mahalik (2014)
* Paresh Maity (2014)
* Ram Mohan (2014)
* Sudarsan Pattnaik (2014)
* Paresh Rawal (2014)
* Kalamandalam Satyabhama (2014)
* Anuj Sharma (actor) (2014)
* Santosh Sivan (2014)
* Sooni Taraporevala (2014)
* Naresh Bedi (2015)
* Sanjay Leela Bhansali (2015)
* Rahul Jain (2015)
* Ravindra Jain (2015)
* Prasoon Joshi (2015)
* A. Kanyakumari (2015)
* Prafulla Kar (2015)
* Tripti Mukherjee (2015)
* Neil Nongkynrih (2015)
* Kota Srinivasa Rao (2015)
* Shekhar Sen (2015)
* Pran Kumar Sharma (2015)
* Mahesh Raj Soni (2015)
* Malini Awasthi (2016)
* Madhur Bhandarkar (2016)
* Tulsidas Borkar (2016)
* Mamta Chandrakar (2016)
* Priyanka Chopra (2016)
* Ajay Devgn (2016)
* Bhikhudan Gadhvi (2016)
* Laxma Goud (2016)
* Saeed Jaffrey (2016)
* Venkatesh Kumar (2016)
* Naresh Chander Lal (2016)
* Bhalchandra Dattatray Mondhe (2016)
* Nila Madhab Panda (2016)
* Michael Postel (2016)
* Pratibha Prahlad (2016)
* Gulabo Sapera (2016)
* Prakash Chand Surana (2016)
* Basanti Bisht (2017)
* Baua Devi (2017)
* Jitendra Haripal (2017)
* Kailash Kher (2017)
* Sadhu Meher (2017)
* Aruna Mohanty (2017)
* T. K. Murthy (2017)
* Mukund Nayak (2017)
* Anuradha Paudwal (2017)
* Parassala B. Ponnammal (2017)
* Bharathi Vishnuvardhan (2017)
* Doddarangegowda (2018)
* Manoj Joshi (actor) (2018)
* Pran Kishore Kaul (2018)
* Vijay Kichlu (2018)
* Prabhakar Maharana (2018)
* Sisir Mishra (2018)
* Vijayalakshmi Navaneethakrishnan (2018)
* Gobardhan Panika (2018)
* R. Sathyanarayana (2018)
* Bhajju Shyam (2018)
* Ibrahim Sutar (2018)
* Rudrapatnam Brothers (2018)
* Baba Yogendra (2018)
* Anup Ranjan Pandey (2019)
* Manoj Bajpayee (2019)
* Pritam Bhartwan (2019)
* Jyoti Bhatt (2019)
* Swapan Chaudhuri (2019)
* Dinyar Contractor (2019)
* Thanga Darlong (2019)
* Prabhu Deva (2019)
* Godawari Dutta (2019)
* Joravarsinh Jadav (2019)
* Fayaz Ahmad Jan (2019)
* K. G. Jayan (2019)
* Waman Kendre (2019)
* Kader Khan (2019)
* Abdul Gafur Khatri (2019)
* Shankar Mahadevan (2019)
* Narthaki Nataraj (2019)
* Milena Salvini (2019)
* Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry (2019)
* Rajeev Taranath (2019)
* Hiralal Yadav (2019)
* Rajeshwar Acharya (2019)

2020s|

* Shashadhar Acharya (2020)
* Indira P. P. Bora (2020)
* Bombay Sisters (2020)
* Vajira Chitrasena (2020)
* Puru Dadheech (2020)
* Madhu Mansuri Hasmukh (2020)
* Sarita Joshi (2020)
* Kangana Ranaut (2020)
* Ramzan Khan (2020)
* Manilal Nag (2020)
* Dalavai Chalapathi Rao (2020)
* Adnan Sami (2020)
* Suresh Wadkar (2020)
* V. K. Munusamy (2020)
* Yadla Gopalarao (2020)
* Dulari Devi (2021)
* Bombay Jayashri (2021)
* KC Sivasankaran (2021)
* Rewben Mashangva (2021)
* Sanjida Khatun (2021)
* Annavarapu Rama Swamy (2021)
* Nidumolu Sumathi (2021)
* Biren Kumar Basak (2021)
* Narayan Debnath (2021)
* Bhuri Bai (2021)
* Manjamma Jogathi (2021)
* Gosaveedu Shaik Hassan (Posthumous) (2022)
* Lalita Vakil (2022)
* H. R. Keshava Murthy (2022)
* Jamyang Tsering Namgyal (2022)
* Arjun Singh Dhurve (2022)
* Ram Sahay Panday (2022)
* Durga Bai Vyam (2022)
* Sulochana Chavan (2022)
* Sonu Nigam (2022)
* Lourembam Bino Devi (2022)
* Konsam Ibomcha Singh (2022)
* Shyamamani Devi (2022)
* Thavil Kongampattu A V Murugaiyan (2022)
* Chandraprakash Dwivedi (2022)
* Ram Dayal Sharma (2022)
* Khandu Wangchuk Bhutia (2022)
* S. Ballesh (2022)
* Sowcar Janaki (2022)
* R Muthukannammal (2022)
* A. K. C. Natarajan (2022)
* Darshanam Mogilaiah (2022)
* Sakini Ramachandraih (2022)
* Gaddam Padmaja Reddy (2022)
* Kamalini Asthana and Nalini Asthana (duo) (2022)
* Shivnath Mishra (2022)
* Sheesh Ram (2022)
* Ajita Srivastava (2022)
* Madhuri Barthwal (2022)
* Kaajee Singh (2022)
* Jodhaiya Bai Baiga (2023)
* Premjit Baria (2023)
* Usha Barle (2023)
* Hemant Chauhan (2023)
* Bhanubhai Chitara (2023)
* Hemoprova Chutia (2023)
* Subhadra Devi (2023)
* Hem Chandra Goswami (2023)
* Pritikana Goswami (2023)
* Ahmed and Mohammed Hussain (2023)
* Dilshad Hussain (2023)
* Mahipat Kavi (2023)
* M. M. Keeravani (2023)
* Parshuram Komaji Khune (2023)
* Maguni Charan Kuanr (2023)
* Domar Singh Kunvar (2023)
* Risingbor Kurkalang (2023)
* Rani Machaiah (2023)
* Ajay Kumar Mandavi (2023)
* Nadoja Pindipapanahalli Munivenkatappa (2023)
* Ramesh and Shanti Parmar (2023)
* Krishna Patel (2023)
* K Kalyanasundaram Pillai (2023)
* Kapil Dev Prasad (2023)
* Shah Rasheed Ahmed Quadri (2023)
* C. V. Raju (2023)
* Pareshbhai Rathwa (2023)
* Mangala Kanti Roy (2023)
* K C Runremsangi (2023)
* Ritwik Sanyal (2023)
* Kota Satchidananda Sastry (2023)
* Neihunuo Sorhie (2023)
* Moa Subong (2023)
* Raveena Tandon (2023)
* Coomi Nariman Wadia (2023)
* Ghulam Muhammad Zaz (2023)

* v
* t
* e

State of West Bengal

Capital: Kolkata

State symbols|

* Emblem: Emblem of West Bengal
* Anthem: Banglar Mati Banglar Jol
* Animal: Fishing cat
* Bird: White-throated kingfisher
* Flower: Night-flowering jasmine (Shiuli)
* Tree: Devil's tree (Saptaparni)
* Fish: Ilish

History|

* Gauda Kingdom
* Shashanka
* Pala Empire
* Sena dynasty
* Mallabhum
* Cooch Behar State
* Sher Shah Suri
* Mughal Empire
* Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad
* East India Company
* Battle of Plassey
* Bengal Presidency
* Great Bengal famine of 1770
* Indian Rebellion of 1857
* Bengal Renaissance
* Bardhaman Raj
* Nadia Raj
* Jhargram Raj
* Sovabazar Raj
* Partition of Bengal (1905)
* Revolutionary movement for Indian independence
* Anushilan Samiti
* Jugantar
* Bengal famine of 1943
* Direct Action Day
* Noakhali riots
* Partition of Bengal (1947)
* Bengali Language Movement (Manbhum)
* Bangladesh Liberation War
* Naxalite movement

Geography|

* Bengal Basin
* Darjeeling Himalayan hill region
* Terai
* North Bengal plains
* Dooars
* Rarh region
* Sundarbans
* Western plateau and high lands
* Ganges Delta
* Climate
* Sandakphu (Highest point)
* Protected areas of West Bengal
* Rivers of West Bengal
* Ganga
* Damodar River
* Brahmaputra
* Teesta
* Hooghly River
* Khoai
* Tiger Hill, Darjeeling
* Siliguri Corridor

Governance|

* Chief Ministers
* Governor
* Legislative Assembly
* Human Rights Commission
* Political parties (All India Trinamool Congress
* Communist Party (Marxist)
* Indian National Congress
* Bharatiya Janata Party)
* Parliamentary constituencies
* Assembly constituencies
* CID West Bengal
* Kolkata Police

Rights groups|

* Matua Mahasangha
* Bangla Pokkho

Division and
Districts|

| Burdwan division|

* Birbhum
* Hooghly
* Paschim Bardhaman
* Purba Bardhaman

|

Jalpaiguri division|

* Alipurduar
* Cooch Behar
* Darjeeling
* Jalpaiguri
* Kalimpong

Malda division|

* Dakshin Dinajpur
* Berhampore (declared)
* Malda
* Murshidabad
* Uttar Dinajpur

Medinipur division|

* Bankura
* Bishnupur (declared)
* Jhargram
* Paschim Medinipur
* Purba Medinipur
* Purulia

Presidency division|

* Basirhat (declared)
* Howrah
* Ichamati (declared)
* Kolkata
* Nadia
* North 24 Parganas
* Ranaghat (declared)
* Sundarbans (declared)
* South 24 Parganas

Cities and
towns|

* Alipore
* Asansol
* Berhampore
* Balurghat
* Bankura
* Barasat
* Bardhaman
* Bishnupur
* Hugli-Chuchura
* Cooch Behar
* Darjeeling
* Durgapur
* Haldia
* Howrah
* Jalpaiguri
* Jaynagar Majilpur
* Jiaganj Azimganj
* Kalimpong
* Kharagpur
* Kolkata
* Krishnanagar
* Kurseong
* Malda
* Midnapore
* Murshidabad
* Purulia
* Raiganj
* Siliguri
* Siuri
* Tamluk
* List of cities in West Bengal by population
* Cities and towns by district

Culture|

* Bengal Renaissance
* Bengali calendars
* Patachitra
* Chalchitra
* Arts of West Bengal
* Baul
* Bhadu
* Gombhira
* Chhau dance
* Cuisine
* Rabindra Sangeet
* Rabindra Nritya Natya
* Holi
* Dol Purnima
* Prostitution in Kolkata
* Pahela Baishakh
* Durga Puja
* Bhai Phonta
* Raksha Bandhan
* Ratha Yatra
* Architecture of Bengal
* Bengal temples
* Bengali language
* Bengali literature
* Feluda
* Lalmohan Ganguly
* Professor Shonku
* Tarini Khuro
* Kakababu
* Kiriti Roy
* Pather Panchali (novel)
* Tollywood (Bengali cinema)
* Jatra
* Ghosts in Bengali culture

GI product|

* Baluchari sari
* Banglar Rosogolla
* Bankura horse
* Bengal Patachitra
* Chhau mask
* Darjeeling tea
* Dhaniakhali Sari
* Dhokra
* Fazli (mango)
* Garad Saree
* Gobindobhog
* Himsagar
* Jaynagarer Moa
* Madurkathi
* Manasa chali
* Mihidana
* Nakshi kantha
* Santiniketan Leather Goods
* Shantipuri sari
* Sitabhog
* Sundarban Honey
* Tangail Saree
* Tulaipanji

Demographics|

* Bengali people
* Bihari people
* Economy of West Bengal
* Gurkha
* Adivasi
* Rajbanshi
* Anglo-Indian
* Ethnic communities in Kolkata
* List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate
* Anti-Bengali sentiment in India

People|

* Rabindranath Tagore
* Satyajit Ray
* Kazi Nazrul Islam
* Anil Kumar Gain
* Ritwik Ghatak
* Subhas Chandra Bose
* Jamini Roy
* Bidhan Chandra Roy
* Jyoti Basu
* Nandalal Bose
* Jagadish Chandra Bose
* Meghnad Saha
* Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
* Sarat Chandra Bose
* Jnanadanandini Devi
* Abanindranath Tagore
* Satyendranath Tagore
* Satyendranath Dutta
* Ram Mohan Roy
* Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
* Rani Rashmoni
* Ramakrishna Paramahamsa
* Swami Vivekananda
* Sarada Devi
* Dwarkanath Tagore
* Sukumar Ray
* Upendrakishore Ray Chowdhury
* Michael Madhusudan Dutta
* Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay
* Sister Nivedita
* Mother Teresa
* Amartya Sen
* Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay
* Nihar Ranjan Gupta

Image gallery at Wikimedia Commons

Authority control databases

International|

* FAST
* ISNI
* VIAF

National|

* Norway
* Spain
* France
* BnF data
* Catalonia
* Germany
* Israel
* United States
* Sweden
* Japan
* Czech Republic
* Australia
* Korea
* Croatia
* Netherlands
* Poland
* Portugal

Academics|

* CiNii

Artists|

* MusicBrainz
* Museum of Modern Art
* Photographers' Identities
* ULAN

People|

* Trove

Other|

* SNAC
* IdRef

*[m.]: married
*[transl.]: translation
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