Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain

Part of Bahraini uprising of 2011, Arab Spring, and the Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict

Hundreds of protesters denouncing the Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain in a march to the Saudi embassy in Manama on 15 March 2011
| Date| 14 March 2011 – 4 July 2011[1]
(3 months, 2 weeks and 6 days)
(Minor police presence till March 2014)

|

Location|

Bahrain

Result|  Suppression of Bahraini opposition demonstrators with GCC support.[2]
Belligerents

Peninsula Shield Force

* Saudi Arabia
* United Arab Emirates
* Kuwait

In support of:
Bahrain|  Bahraini opposition
Strength

Peninsula Shield Force: 1,500 troops.[3]

show all (3)

* SANG: 1000 policemen
* United Arab Emirates: 500 policemen
* Kuwait: Naval support

|  Thousands of protesters
Casualties and losses

2 policemen killed
Peninsula Shield Force: 2 policemen killed

show all (2)

* Saudi Arabia: 1 policeman killed[4]
* United Arab Emirates: 1 policeman killed[5]

6 protesters killed[6]

400 wounded[7][8]

* v
* t
* e

2011 Bahraini uprising

* Background

* * *

Timeline

* Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain
* Day of Rage
* Death of Ali Mushaima
* Death of Fadhel Al-Matrook
* Bloody Thursday
* Death of Abdulredha Buhmaid
* March of loyalty to martyrs

* * *

Aftermath

*     * Apr–Jun 2011
* Jul–Dec 2011
* Jan-Aug 2012
* Sept–Dec 2012

* Health worker trials
* Death of Ahmed al-Qattan
* Death of Ali al-Sheikh
* Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry
* 2012 Grand Prix protests
* Arrest of Ali Hasan
* Eker bombing
* Siege of Eker
* Bahrain Tamarod

The Saudi–led intervention in Bahrain began on 14 March 2011 to assist the Bahraini government in suppressing an anti-government uprising in the country. The intervention came three weeks after the U.S. pressured Bahrain to withdraw its military forces from the streets.[9] As a decision by Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), the intervention included sending 1,000 (1,200)[10] troops with vehicles from Saudi Arabia[9] at the invitation of the Al-Khalifa ruling family, marking the first time the GCC used such a collective military option for suppressing a revolt.[10][11]

Calling it both an occupation and a declaration of war, the Bahraini opposition pleaded for foreign help.[12][13] The intervention was precedented by the 1994 Saudi intervention in Bahrain.[14][15]

## Background[edit]

Bahrain protests began with the 14 February 2011 protest, mostly by the Shia Muslims making up the majority of Bahrain's population,[16] which faced immediate reaction from government.[17] The protests initially sought greater political freedom and equality for the majority Shia population,[18] and expanded to a call to end the monarchy of Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa[19] following a deadly night raid on 17 February 2011 against protesters at the Pearl Roundabout in Manama.[20][21]

Protesters blocked roads and their sheer numbers overwhelmed the Bahrain police. The government of Bahrain requested help from neighbouring countries.[22] On 14 March, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) agreed to deploy Peninsula Shield Force troops to Bahrain to secure key installations.[10][23]

## Units involved[edit]

GCC responded to the request from Bahrain's Al-Khalifa by sending its Peninsula Shield Force.[24] The units sent from Saudi included 1,000 (1,200[10]) troops along with 150 vehicles. The vehicles included "wheeled, light-armored vehicles with roof-mounted heavy machine guns". Saudi soldiers were apparently from Saudi Arabian National Guard, commanded by a son of King Abdullah, Prince Miteb.[9] Also, 500 United Arab Emirates (UAE) policemen were sent via the causeway between Saudi Arabia and Bahrain.[25] Kuwait sent their navy to patrol the borders of Bahrain.[26][27] According to an Al Jazeera report, Pakistani former servicemen were recruited into the Bahraini National Guard.[28]

By 2014, 5,000 Saudi and Emirati forces were positioned "less than 10 miles from the Pearl Roundabout, the center of the country's protest movement".[26]

## Goals[edit]

Bahrain's strategic importance to Saudi Arabian government is originated from economic, sectarian and geopolitical reasons.[29][30]

### Sectarian and geopolitical goals[edit]

The real purpose of the intervention was to stop "a growing rebellion by the kingdom's majority, but deprived ... Shia citizens" by taking all necessary measures.[31] Death of an Emirati policeman, Tariq al-Shehi, made it clear that the foreign troops were in fact involved in suppressing protests.[26] According to Nuruzzaman, the most important factor leading to Saudi's intervention in Bahrain,[32] is "the domino effect of Bahrain's fall into Shia hands".[32][33] Concerned about their own Shia population[30] and fearful of democratic change, Saudi king Abdullah sought to reverse the pro-democracy movements in his neighbor countries using force.[32] Saudi Arabia maintained that the cause of unrest in Saudi's eastern province, is the Shia uprising in Bahrain. According to Steffen Hertog, a Saudi Arabia expert at the London School of Economics and Political Science, Saudi's move was a signal to Shia movements in the Eastern Province to express how seriously Saudi intended to crack down the unrest.[25] Moreover, keeping Al-Khalifa, "the key conservative Sunni ally of Saudi", in power was of notable importance to Saudi to avoid the spread of Iran's influence in west of Gulf. Saudi Arabia acted through GCC to mask its "strategic concern" about Iran and its influence.[30]

As home of the United States Fifth Fleet, the events in Bahrain involved U.S. interests, too.[34][35][36] Any Saudi departure from Bahrain and the assertion of Shia power would also directly affect U.S. interests[32] and lead to weakening United States "military posture in the region".[36]

### Economic goals[edit]

The intervention was apparently carried out with the aim of guarding Bahrain's oil infrastructure.[26] The two kingdoms have strong economical ties and Saudi Arabia had made significant investments in Bahrain's tourism, infrastructure and industry.[30] Saudi Arabia, Bahrain's largest trading partner, sent troops to Bahrain to pursue some economic goals and among the important factors leading to sending troops to Bahrain were "the possibility of the loss of oil fields, terminals and crude processing plants, the loss of investment and future investment prospects".[32] Moreover, any spill over of Bahrain's unrest into the neighbor kingdom would "upend" global oil markets.[29]

## Attacks[edit]

On 3 March 2014, a remotely detonated bomb by protesters in the village of Al Daih killed 3 police officers. One of the police officers killed was an Emirati policeman from the Peninsula Shield Force. The two other officers killed were Bahraini policemen.[37] On 15 January 2017, the Bahraini government passed a capital punishment sentence of execution by firing squad on three men found guilty for the bomb attack that killed the three security forces.[38]

## Aftermath[edit]

Primarily interpreted by analysts "in terms of domestic and regional political and strategic dynamics", the intervention has created serious regional and global concerns[32] and has turned the uprising into a regional cold war. Among other factors, the foreign military intervention may drive the sectarianism.[39] According to Foreign Policy magazine, the intervention marked "a dramatic escalation of Bahrain's political crisis."[15]

## Reactions[edit]

* UN: Ban Ki-moon, the Secretary General of the United Nations said that he was "troubled" by "the deployment of the Peninsula Shield Force" and that "the arrival of Saudi and UAE troops had been noted with "concern"". He asked all those involved to "exercise maximum restraint".[25]
* Iran: Tehran asserted that the move was an invasion and accused the GCC of "meddling" in Bahrain's internal affairs."[25]
* Pakistan: Nawaz Sharif, Pakistan's prime minister, supported the intervention and in his visit to Saudi Arabia he reassured that he would "help devise a new battle plan for Saudi intervention in the country".[40]
* Turkey: Turkish Prime Minister, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, condemned the intervention and characterized the Saudi movement as "a new karbala." He demanded withdrawal of Saudi forces from Bahrain.[41]
* United States: A representative described the government as "shocked" by the move but opposed Iran's characterization of the intervention as an invasion.[25] The Obama administration "obliquely criticized" the action.[42]

## See also[edit]

* Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen

## References[edit]

1. ^ "Saudi Arabia set to withdraw troops from Bahrain". Arabian Business. 28 June 2011.
2. ^ "Bahrain: Widespread Suppression, Scant Reforms". Human Rights Watch.
3. ^ "State of emergency declared in Bahrain". The National. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
4. ^ "Bahrain king declares martial law over protests". NBC News. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
5. ^ "Emirati hero killed in the line of duty in Bahrain laid to rest". The National. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
6. ^ الشرق الأوسط - البحرين: 6 قتلى وفرض حظر للتجول وواشنطن تنتقد قمع المتظاهرين. BBC Arabic (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
7. ^ "Witnesses: Security forces attack protesters and doctors in Bahrain". CNN. Archived from the original on 21 June 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
8. ^ 3 قتلى و250 مصاباً في أول يوم من إعلان حالة الطوارئ. صحيفة الوسط البحرينية (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 20 June 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
9. ^ a b c Henderson, Simon. "Bahrain's Crisis: Saudi Forces Intervene". Washington Institute. Retrieved 19 March 2016.
10. ^ a b c d Bronner, Ethan; Slackman, Michael (14 March 2011). "Saudi Troops Enter Bahrain to Help Put Down Unrest". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 17 March 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2011.
11. ^ Held, David; Ulrichsen, Kristian (2012). The transformation of the Gulf politics, economics and the global order. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-69840-8. Retrieved 20 February 2016.
12. ^ "Gulf States Send Force to Bahrain Following Protests". BBC News. 14 March 2011. Archived from the original on 20 April 2011. Retrieved 15 April 2011.
13. ^ "Two Killed in Bahrain Violence Despite Martial Law". BBC News. 15 March 2011. Archived from the original on 5 April 2011.
14. ^ "Saudi Intervention in Bahrain". Stratfor. Retrieved 12 March 2016.
15. ^ a b Seznec, Jean-François (14 March 2011). "Saudi Arabia Strikes Back". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
16. ^ Black, Ian (14 February 2011). "Arrests and Deaths as Egypt Protest Spreads Across Middle East". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 13 April 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
17. ^ (in Arabic) "قتيل وأكثر من 30 مصاباً في مسيرات احتجاجية أمس". Al Wasat. 15 February 2011. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
18. ^ "Bahrain Shia Leaders Visit Iraq". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 20 January 2011.
19. ^ "Bahrain Mourners Call for End to Monarchy – Mood of Defiance Against Entire Ruling System After Brutal Attack on Pearl Square Protest Camp That Left at Least Five Dead". The Guardian. 18 February 2011. Archived from the original on 19 February 2011. Retrieved 31 March 2011.
20. ^ "Clashes Rock Bahraini Capital". Al Jazeera. 17 February 2011. Archived from the original on 18 February 2011. Retrieved 15 April 2011.
21. ^ "Bahrain Protests: Police Break Up Pearl Square Crowd". BBC News. 17 February 2011. Archived from the original on 5 April 2011. Retrieved 15 April 2011.
22. ^ "Bahrain 'asks for Gulf help'". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
23. ^ "Saudi Soldiers Sent into Bahrain". Al Jazeera. 15 March 2011. Archived from the original on 15 April 2011. Retrieved 15 April 2011.
24. ^ Ilan, Goldenberg; Dalton, Melissa Griffin (2015). Bridging the Gulf: How to fix U.S. relations with the GCC. Council on Foreign Relation. JSTOR 43946541. OCLC 1023441567.
25. ^ a b c d e Amies, Nick. "Saudi intervention in Bahrain increases Gulf instability". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
26. ^ a b c d Holmes, Amy Austin. "The military intervention that the world forgot". Al-Jazeera. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
27. ^ Katzman, Kenneth. "Bahrain: Reform, Security, and U.S. Policy" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
28. ^ Mashal, Mujib. "Pakistani troops aid Bahrain's crackdown". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
29. ^ a b Bronson, Rachel. "Saudi Arabia's Intervention in Bahrain: A Necessary Evil or a Strategic Blunder?" (PDF). Retrieved 6 May 2016.
30. ^ a b c d Gray, Matthew (7 October 2014). Global Security Watch—Saudi Arabia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-38700-5. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
31. ^ Butler, William. "Saudi Arabian intervention in Bahrain driven by visceral Sunni fear of Shias". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
32. ^ a b c d e f Nuruzzaman, Mohammed (2013). "Politics, Economics and Saudi Military Intervention in Bahrain". Journal of Contemporary Asia. 43 (2): 363–378. doi:10.1080/00472336.2012.759406. S2CID 216139794. Retrieved 12 March 2016.
33. ^ "Why Saudi Arabia Crushed the Democratic Uprising in Bahrain". ADHRB. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
34. ^ Bayyenat, Abolghasem (10 June 2011). "Bahrain: Beyond the U.S.-Iran Rivalry - FPIF". Foreign Policy In Focus. Retrieved 18 June 2016.
35. ^ Amirahmadi, Hooshang; Afrasiabi, Kaveh (29 April 2011). "The west's silence over Bahrain smacks of double standards". the Guardian. Retrieved 18 June 2016.
36. ^ a b Friedman, George. "Bahrain and the Battle Between Iran and Saudi Arabia". Stratfor. Retrieved 18 June 2016.
37. ^ Saeed, Farishta; Aboudi, Sami (3 March 2014). Liffey, Kevin (ed.). "Bahrain blast kills three policemen: Interior Ministry". Reuters.
38. ^ "Bahrain executes three, despite protests". DW.COM. Deutsche Welle. 15 January 2017. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
39. ^ Gengler, Justin. "How Bahrain's crushed uprising spawned the Middle East's sectarianism". The Washington Post. Retrieved 12 March 2016.
40. ^ Alam, Kamal. "Saudi Arabia Has Devastated Pakistan's History of Religious Tolerance and Diversity". Muftah. Retrieved 19 March 2016.
41. ^ Bhadrakumar, M.K. "Asia Times Online :: Middle East News, Iraq, Iran current affairs". Asia Times. Archived from the original on 2 June 2011. Retrieved 22 May 2016.`{{cite news}}`: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
42. ^ Sanger, David E.; Schmitt, Eric (14 March 2011). "Saudi Arabia's Action in Bahrain Strains Ties With United States". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 May 2016.

* v
* t
* e

2011 Bahraini uprising

* Part of the Arab Spring

Timelines|

* Feb–Mar 2011
* Apr–Jun 2011
* Jul–Dec 2011
* Jan–Aug 2012
* Sept–Dec 2012

Events|

* Day of Rage
* Bloody Thursday
* March of loyalty to martyrs
* Saudi Intervention
* Bahrain national dialogue
* Health worker trials
* 2012 Grand Prix (protests)
* 2012 Eker bombing
* Siege of Eker
* Arrest of Ali Hasan
* Bahrain Tamarod

Opposition|

| Islamist|

* Al Wefaq
* Bahrain Freedom Movement
* Islamic Action Society

|

Secular|

* Haq Movement
* National Democratic Action Society
* Nationalist Democratic Rally Society
* Progressive Democratic Tribune

Youth|

* February 14 Youth Coalition
* Shabeeba Society of Bahrain

People|

| Activists|

* Abdulhadi al-Khawaja
* Ali Abdulemam
* Ali al-Ghanmi
* Ayat Al-Qurmezi
* Fadhila Mubarak
* Hussain Jawad
* Lamees Dhaif
* Maryam al-Khawaja
* Mohamed Albuflasa
* Mohammed al-Maskati
* Mohammed al-Tajer
* Mahmood Al-Yousif
* Naser al-Raas
* Naji Fateel
* Nabeel Rajab
* Zainab al-Khawaja
* Bahrain Thirteen

|

Opposition|

* Abdulwahab Hussain
* Ali Salman
* Hasan Mushaima
* Munira Fakhro
* Ibrahim Sharif
* Saeed al-Shehabi
* Sheikh Isa Qassim
* Bahrain Thirteen

Government|

* Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa (King)
* Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa (Prime Minister)
* Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa (Crown Prince)
* Khalid bin Ahmed Al Khalifa (Foreign minister)

Impact|

* International reactions
* Torture
* Destruction of Shia mosques
* 2011 Bahrain Grand Prix

| Casualties|

* Ali Abdulhadi Mushaima
* Fadhel Al-Matrook
* Abdulredha Buhmaid
* Zakariya Rashid Hassan al-Ashiri
* Karim Fakhrawi
* Ali Jawad al-Sheikh
* Ahmed Jaber al-Qattan
* Mohammed Mushaima

|

Human Rights
reports|

* Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry (International figures appointed by King)
* Human Price of Freedom and Justice (Local NGOs)

Background|

* 1990s uprising in Bahrain
* Al Bandar report
* Corruption in Bahrain
* History of Bahrain
* Human rights in Bahrain
* Manama incident
* Torture in Bahrain

Other|

* Qorvis
* Bahrain American Council
* Pearl Roundabout
* Bahrain: Shouting in the Dark

* Category
* Commons

* v
* t
* e

Iran–Saudi Arabia relations

Diplomatic posts|

* Ambassadors of Iran to Saudi Arabia
* Embassy of Saudi Arabia, Tehran
* Ambassadors of Saudi Arabia to Iran

Diplomacy|

* Safari Club

Conflicts|

* Iranian Revolution
* 1979 Khuzestan insurgency
* Arab separatism in Khuzestan
* Qatif conflict
* 1979 Qatif Uprising
* Iran–Iraq War
* Action of June 5, 1984
* Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict
* Qatar diplomatic crisis
* 2011 Egyptian revolution
* 2011 Bahraini uprising
* Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain
* insurgency in Bahrain
* First Libyan Civil War
* Syrian civil war
* Hezbollah involvement
* Iranian involvement
* Saudi involvement
* Spillover in Lebanon
* Axis of Resistance
* Iranian intervention in Iraq
* Yemeni Crisis (2011–present)
* Houthi insurgency
* Operation Scorched Earth
* Operation Blow to the Head
* Yemeni Revolution
* Yemeni Civil War
* Saudi-led intervention in Yemen
* Houthi–Saudi Arabian conflict
* Houthi takeover in Yemen
* Second Libyan Civil War
* Western Iran clashes

Incidents|

* 1987 Mecca incident
* Khobar Towers bombing
* 2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests
* 2016 Saudi Arabia mass execution
* Execution of Nimr al-Nimr
* 2016 attack on the Saudi diplomatic missions in Iran
* 2019 Saudi Arabia mass execution
* 2011 alleged Iran assassination plot
* 2015 Mina stampede
* 2017 Lebanon–Saudi Arabia dispute
* 2017–2020 Qatif unrest
* 2018 Riyadh missile strike
* International Maritime Security Construct
* United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231
* May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident
* 2019 Afif attack
* Abha International Airport attacks
* Abqaiq–Khurais attack

Iranian relations
with GCC member states|

* Bahrain
* Kuwait
* Oman
* Qatar
* United Arab Emirates

Related|

* Iran–Saudi Arabia football rivalry
* Iran and state-sponsored terrorism
* Iran–Israel proxy conflict
* Arab League–Iran relations
* Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran
* Warsaw Middle East conference
* Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition
* Opposition to military action against Iran
* Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
* Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition
* Gulf Cooperation Council
* People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran
* Iran International
* Shia–Sunni relations
* Shia Islam in Saudi Arabia

Category:Iran–Saudi Arabia relations

* v
* t
* e

Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict

Background|

* Iranian Revolution
* 1979 Khuzestan insurgency
* Arab separatism in Khuzestan
* Qatif conflict
* 1979 Qatif Uprising

Conflicts|

* Iran–Iraq War
* Action of June 5, 1984
* Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict
* Qatar diplomatic crisis
* 2011 Egyptian revolution
* 2011 Bahraini uprising
* Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain
* insurgency in Bahrain
* First Libyan Civil War
* Syrian civil war
* Hezbollah involvement
* Iranian involvement
* Saudi involvement
* Spillover in Lebanon
* Axis of Resistance
* War in Iraq (2013–2017)
* Iranian intervention in Iraq
* Yemeni Crisis (2011–present)
* Houthi insurgency
* Operation Scorched Earth
* Operation Blow to the Head
* Yemeni Revolution
* Yemeni Civil War
* Saudi-led intervention in Yemen
* Houthi–Saudi Arabian conflict
* Houthi takeover in Yemen
* Second Libyan Civil War
* Western Iran clashes

Incidents|

* 1987 Mecca incident
* Khobar Towers bombing
* 2011–2012 Saudi Arabian protests
* 2016 Saudi Arabia mass execution
* Execution of Nimr al-Nimr
* 2016 attack on the Saudi diplomatic missions in Iran
* 2019 Saudi Arabia mass execution
* 2011 alleged Iran assassination plot
* 2015 Mina stampede
* 2017 Lebanon–Saudi Arabia dispute
* 2017–2020 Qatif unrest
* 2018 Riyadh missile strike
* International Maritime Security Construct
* United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231
* May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident
* 2019 Afif attack
* Abha International Airport attacks
* Abqaiq–Khurais attack

Iranian relations
with GCC member states|

* Bahrain
* Kuwait
* Oman
* Qatar
* United Arab Emirates

Related topics|

* Iran and state-sponsored terrorism
* Iran–Israel proxy conflict
* Arab League–Iran relations
* Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran
* Warsaw Middle East conference
* Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition
* Opposition to military action against Iran
* Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
* Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition
* Gulf Cooperation Council
* People's Mujahedin of Iran
* Iran International
* Shia–Sunni relations
* Shia Islam in Saudi Arabia

Category:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict

* v
* t
* e

Iran–United Arab Emirates relations

Diplomatic posts|

* Ambassadors of Iran to the United Arab Emirates
* Embassy of Iran, Abu Dhabi
* Consulate-General of Iran, Dubai

Conflicts|

* Greater and Lesser Tunbs
* Seizure
* Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain
* 2017 Lebanon–Saudi Arabia dispute
* Qatar diplomatic crisis
* International Maritime Security Construct
* May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident
* Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran

Related|

* Iranian Business Council - Dubai
* Iranian Club, Dubai
* Iranian Hospital, Dubai
* Gulf Cooperation Council
* Shia Islam in the United Arab Emirates

Category:Iran–United Arab Emirates relations

* v
* t
* e

Gulf Cooperation Council

Member states|

* Bahrain
* Kuwait
* Oman
* Qatar
* Saudi Arabia
* United Arab Emirates

Economy|

* Dolphin Gas Project
* GCC Patent Office
* GCC Standardization Organization
* Gulf and Arabian Peninsula Unity Forum
* Gulf Conformity mark
* Gulf Organization for Industrial Consulting
* Gulf Railway
* Khaleeji currency
* Bilateral free-trade agreements
* Migrant workers in the GCC
* kafala system
* homosexuality test
* Workforce nationalization

Geopolitical history|

* Gulf War
* Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
* 2011 Bahraini uprising
* Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain
* Qatar–Saudi Arabia diplomatic conflict
* Qatar diplomatic crisis
* Yemeni Civil War
* Saudi-led intervention
* Peninsula Shield Force
* Exercise North Thunder
* Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran

Sport|

* Arabian Gulf Cup
* Arabian Gulf Futsal Cup
* Arabian Gulf rugby team
* GCC Club Cup
* GCC Games
* 2011 Games
* GCC Athletics Championships
* Gulf Ice Hockey Championship
* GCC U-17 Championship
* GCC U-19 Championship
* GCC U-23 Championship
* GCC Volleyball Club Championship
* GCC Youth Athletics Championships

Category:Gulf Cooperation Council

Portal:

* Shia Islam

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