Scottish Episcopal Church

Christian church in Scotland

Scottish Episcopal Church

Logo of the Scottish Episcopal Church, depicting a mitre and two crosiers.

Classification| Protestant[nb 1]
Orientation| Anglican
Scripture| Bible
Theology| Anglican doctrine
Polity| Episcopal
Primus| Mark Strange
Associations|

* World Council of Churches
* Anglican Communion
* Porvoo Communion
* Action of Churches Together in Scotland

Region| Scotland
Headquarters| Edinburgh, Scotland
Origin| Concordat of Leith 1572, Scottish Episcopalians Act 1711
Branched from| Institutionally: Roman Catholic Church and Church of Scotland
Theologically: Church of England
Congregations| 350[1]
Members|

* 30,909 (2017)[2]
* 28,647 (2018)[3]
* 27,585 (2019)[4]
* 25,552 (2020)
* 24,039 (2021)
* 23,935 (2022)
* 23,503 (2023)

Active clergy| 370 (2010)[1]
Official website| scotland.anglican.org
Slogan| "Evangelical Truth and Apostolic Order"

The Scottish Episcopal Church (Scottish Gaelic: Eaglais Easbaigeach na h-Alba; Scots: Scots Episcopal(ian) Kirk)[nb 2] is the ecclesiastical province of the Anglican Communion in Scotland.

A continuation of the Church of Scotland as intended by King James VI, and as it was from the Restoration of King Charles II to the re-establishment of Presbyterianism in Scotland following the Glorious Revolution,[6] it recognises the archbishop of Canterbury of the Church of England as president of the Anglican Instruments of Communion, but without jurisdiction in Scotland per se. This close relationship results from the unique history of the Scottish Episcopal Church. In the 1960s it was proposed that the Scottish Episcopal Church and Presbyterian Church of Scotland merge with the Church of England; however, this did not take place. While the British monarch holds the title of Supreme Governor of the Church of England, in Scotland the monarch maintains private links to both the Presbyterian Church of Scotland and the Scottish Episcopal Church.[7][8]

Scotland's third largest church,[9] the Scottish Episcopal Church has 303 local congregations.[10] In terms of official membership, Episcopalians constitute well under 1 per cent of the population of Scotland, making them considerably smaller than the Church of Scotland or Catholic Church in Scotland. The membership of the church in 2023 was 23,503, of which 16,605 were communicant members. The attendance at Sunday worship, as counted on Sunday next before Advent was 8,815.[11] This compares with the figures from six years previously, in 2017, where church membership had been 30,909, of whom 22,073 were communicant members, and there was a Sunday worship attendance of 12,149.[2]

In 1633 Charles I remodelled Holyrood Abbey as a Chapel Royal, and held his coronation there with full Anglican rites. In this year he also founded the See of Edinburgh and appointed William Forbes as first Bishop of Edinburgh in the following year. He also appointed John Guthrie, Bishop of Moray as the first, and last, anglican Royal Almoner of Scotland. The Abbey was lost to its protestant congregation as part of the events of the Glorious Revolution and eventually ruined. The Lord Bishop of Edinburgh and anglican congregation were also evicted from St Giles' Cathedral following the Prayer Book riots in 1637. The office of Royal Almoner was made largely honorific then effectively secular, and by 1835 had merged into the responsibilities of the King's and Lord Treasurer's Remembrancer. The current headquarters (the Scottish Episcopal Church General Synod Office) of the Scottish Episcopal Church is Forbes House, number 21 Grosvenor Crescent in the West End of Edinburgh.[12][13][14]

Since 1731, the Episcopal Church has been led by a Primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church elected from among any of the Scottish dioceses. The primus does not have any metropolitan jurisdiction. Metropolitan responsibilities are held by the diocesan bishops. The last head of the Scottish Episcopal Church to hold both primate and metropolitan titles was Arthur Rose, Archbishop of St Andrews, up to his death in 1704. The last bishop to exercise metropolitan authority was Alexander Rose, Bishop of Edinburgh, up to his death in 1720. The current primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church is Mark Strange, elected in 2017. The Primus is elected from the seven Bishops of Scotland from among their number to serve as a ‘primus inter pares’ or ‘first among equals’ as the Senior Bishop.[15]

## Official name

[edit]

St Ninian's Cathedral, Perth

The Scottish Episcopal Church was previously called the Episcopal Church in Scotland.[16]

Although not incorporated until 1712, the Scottish Episcopal Church traces its origins including but extending beyond the Reformation and sees itself in continuity with the church established by Ninian, Columba, Kentigern, and other Celtic saints. The Church of Scotland claims the same continuity.

The church is sometimes pejoratively referred to in Scotland as the "English Kirk", but this can cause offence.[17][18] This is probably in part due to the fact that it is, nonetheless, a union of the non-juring Episcopalians with the "qualified congregations" who worshipped according to the liturgy of the Church of England. It is also sometimes known as the "Laird's Kirk" because of its historical associations with the landed aristocracy of Scotland whose membership of the church exceeded that of other denominations. In the mid 1800s it was recorded that three quarters of the "landed proprietors of Scotland" were Episcopalians.[19][20]

## History

[edit]

Main article: History of the Scottish Episcopal Church

### Origins of Christianity in Scotland

[edit]

Catholic Saint Ninian conducted the first Christian mission to what is now southern Scotland.

In 563 AD, Saint Columba travelled to Scotland with twelve companions, where according to legend he first landed at the southern tip of the Kintyre peninsula, near Southend. However, being still in sight of his native land he moved further north along the west coast of Scotland. He was granted land on the island of Iona off the Isle of Mull which became the centre of his evangelising mission to the Picts. However, there is a sense in which he did not leave his native people, as the Irish Gaels had been colonising the west coast of Scotland for some time.[21]

The Scottish Catholic Church would continue to grow in the centuries that followed, and in the 11th century Saint Margaret of Scotland (Queen Consort of Malcolm III of Scotland) strengthened the church's ties with the Holy See, as did successive monarchs such as Margaret's son, David, who invited several religious orders to establish monasteries.

### Reformation

[edit]

The Scottish Reformation was formalised in 1560, when the Church of Scotland broke with the Church of Rome during a process of Protestant reform led, among others, by John Knox. It reformed its doctrines and government, drawing on the principles of John Calvin which Knox had been exposed to while living in Switzerland. In 1560, the Scottish Parliament abolished papal jurisdiction[22] and approved Calvin's Confession of Faith, but did not accept many of the principles laid out in Knox's First Book of Discipline, which argued, among other things, that all of the assets of the old church should pass to the new. The 1560 Reformation Settlement was not ratified by the crown for some years, and the question of church government also remained largely unresolved. In 1572 the acts of 1560 were finally approved by the young James VI, but under pressure from many of the nobles the Concordat of Leith also allowed the crown to appoint bishops with the church's approval.[23] John Knox himself had no clear views on the office of bishop, preferring to see them renamed as "superintendents"; but in response to the new Concordat a Presbyterian party emerged headed by Andrew Melville, the author of the Second Book of Discipline.

The Scottish Episcopal Church began as a distinct church in 1582, when the Church of Scotland rejected episcopal government (by bishops) and adopted a presbyterian government by elders as well as reformed theology. Scottish monarchs made repeated efforts to introduce bishops and two ecclesiastical traditions competed.

### Episcopal government imposed by the Stuarts

[edit]

Timeline of the development of Scottish churches since 1560. Portrait of James VI by John de Critz, c. 1606.

In 1584, James VI of Scotland had the Parliament of Scotland pass the Black Acts, appointing two bishops and administering the Church of Scotland under direct royal control. This met vigorous opposition and he was forced to concede that the General Assembly should continue to run the church. Calvinists who disliked the more ceremonious style of liturgy were opposed by an Episcopalian faction. After ascending to the English throne in 1603 James stopped the General Assembly from meeting, increased the number of Scottish bishops and in 1618 held a General Assembly in Perth; this gathering adopted Five Articles of Episcopalian practices. Many Scottish church leaders, and their congregations, responded to the Five Articles with boycotts and disdain.

James's son Charles I was crowned in Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, in 1633 with full Anglican rites. Subsequently, in 1637, Charles attempted to introduce a Scottish version of the Book of Common Prayer, written by a group of Scottish prelates, most notably the Archbishop of St Andrews, John Spottiswoode, and the Bishop of Ross, John Maxwell, and edited for printing by the Archbishop of Canterbury, William Laud; it was a combination of Knox's Book of Common Order, which was in use before 1637, and English liturgy in hopes of further unifying the (Anglican) Church of England and the (Presbyterian) Church of Scotland. When the revised Book of Common Prayer was used for the first time during worship on 23 July 1637 in St Giles' Edinburgh, it sparked a riot which was so representative of the strength of popular feeling in Scotland that it indirectly precipitated the Bishops' Wars and this successful challenge of royal authority helped encourage many unhappy Irish Catholics into partaking in the Irish Rebellion of 1641 and the already increasingly uncooperative English Parliament into likewise declaring war on the king in the English Civil War. As a result of the weakness of the king, Presbyterian Covenanters were able to become the de facto government in Scotland until disagreement between the Scottish and English Parliaments over how to run Britain in terms of both civil and religious governance after the king was defeated led to another war and Scotland's conquest by the Covenanters' erstwhile allies the English Parliament's New Model Army.

Following the Restoration of the monarch in 1660, the government of Charles II reimposed episcopacy, and required all clergymen to swear allegiance to the king and bishops and renounce the Covenants, or be prevented from preaching in church. Up to a third, at least 270, of the ministry refused, mostly in the south-west of Scotland, and numerous ministers also took to preaching in the open fields in conventicles across the south of Scotland, often attracting thousands of worshippers. This was forcibly repressed by the government, in actions later dubbed The Killing Time. The conflict continued under King James VII of Scotland (also James II of England) until the Glorious Revolution led to his removal from power.

With the 1689 refusal of the Scottish bishops to swear allegiance to William of Orange whilst James VII lived and had not abdicated, the Presbyterian polity was finally re-established in the Church of Scotland. However, the Comprehension Act of 1690 allowed Episcopalian incumbents, upon taking the Oath of Allegiance, to retain their benefices, though excluding them from any share in the government of the Church of Scotland without a further declaration of Presbyterian principles. Many "non-jurors" also succeeded for a time in retaining the use of the parish churches.[24]

The excluded Scottish bishops were slow to organise the Episcopalian remnant under a jurisdiction independent of the state, regarding the then arrangements as provisional, and looking forward to a reconstituted national Episcopal Church under a sovereign they regarded as legitimate (see Jacobitism). A few prelates, known as college bishops, were consecrated without sees, to preserve the succession rather than to exercise a defined authority. At length the hopelessness of the Stuart cause and the growth of congregations outside the establishment forced the bishops to dissociate canonical jurisdiction from royal prerogative and to reconstitute for themselves a territorial episcopate.[24]

The Scottish Book of Common Prayer came into general use at start of the reign of William and Mary. The Scottish Communion Office, compiled by the non-jurors in accordance with primitive models, has had a varying co-ordinate authority, and the modifications of the English liturgy that would be adopted by the American Church were mainly determined by its influence.[24]

Among the clergy of post-Revolution days the most eminent are Bishop John Sage, a well-known patristic scholar; Bishop Rattray, liturgiologist; John Skinner, of Longside, author of Tullochgorum; Bishop Gleig, editor of the 3rd edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica; Dean Ramsay, author of Reminiscences of Scottish Life and Character; Bishop A. P. Forbes; G. H. Forbes, liturgiologist; and Bishop Charles Wordsworth.[24] Bishop James Sharp, a former moderate Covenanter and Resolutioner, was appointed Archbishop of St Andrews and primate of Scotland in 1661. He was reviled by Covenanters, and his murder in 1679 led to an escalation of hostilities.

### From the Union of England and Scotland in 1707

[edit]

The death of Charles Edward Stuart (‘Bonnie Prince Charlie’) led to better conditions for church growth.

In 1707 Scotland and England were merged into a single Kingdom of Great Britain. The Scottish Episcopalians Act of 1711 protected the Episcopal Church, which marked its virtual incorporation as a distinct society. However, matters were still complicated by a considerable, though declining, number of Episcopalian incumbents holding parish churches. Moreover, the Jacobitism of the non-jurors provoked a state policy of repression in 1715 and 1745, and fostered the growth of new Hanoverian congregations, using the English Prayer Book (served by clergy who had been ordained by a bishop but amenable to none), who qualified themselves under the act of 1711. This act was further modified in 1746 and 1748 to exclude clergy ordained in Scotland.[24]

These causes reduced the Episcopalians who, by 1689, had been a large section of the population to a minority, save in a few corners of the west and north-east of Scotland. Their official recognition of George III, on the death of Charles Edward Stuart in 1788, removed the chief bar to progress. In 1792 the penal laws were repealed, but clerical disabilities were only finally removed in 1864.[24] The Qualified Chapels were gradually absorbed in the early 19th century.

After the independence of the Thirteen Colonies, the Scottish Episcopal Church also took the step of consecrating Samuel Seabury at Aberdeen in 1784. He became the first bishop of the American Episcopal Church after being refused consecration by Church of England clergy. In this way, it can be said that the Episcopal Church in the United States owes as much of its origins to the Scottish Episcopal Church as to the Church of England.

The Theological College was founded in 1810, incorporated with Trinity College, Glenalmond, in 1848, and re-established at Edinburgh in 1876.[24] Theological training is now provided by the various dioceses and is supervised by Scottish Episcopal Institute (formerly, the Theological Institute of the Scottish Episcopal Church).[25]

In 1900 the church had 356 congregations, with a total membership of 124,335 and 324 working clergy.[24] Membership did not grow in the following decades as it was believed it would.

In 1989 there were approximately 200 stipendiary and 80 non-stipendiary clergy. Membership was 65,000, with 31,000 communicants.[26]

In 1995, the Scottish Episcopal Church began working through a process known as Mission 21. Canon Alice Mann of the Alban Institute was invited to begin developing a missionary emphasis within the congregations of the church throughout Scotland. This led to the development of the Making Your Church More Inviting programme which has now been completed by many congregations. In addition to working on making churches more inviting, Mission 21 emphasises reaching out to new populations which have previously not been contacted by the church. As Mission 21 has developed, changing patterns of ministry have become part of its remit.

### 21st century

[edit]

In terms of official membership, Episcopalians constitute well under 1 per cent of the population of Scotland, making them considerably smaller than the Church of Scotland. In 2012 the church had 310 parishes with an adult membership of 34,916 and communicant numbers some 10,000 fewer at 24,650.[1][27][28] As with other churches in Scotland, attendance has declined over recent years: the overall figures reflect rises in some dioceses and decline in others,[29] but amount to an overall fall in attendance of 15 per cent between 2007 and 2012.[28] The church's 2016 annual report noted a "continuing decline in overall numbers",[30] and in almost identical language it was reported in 2018 that the church faced "continuing decline in members and attendance".[31] By the end of 2020 numbers had fallen further to 27,600 (membership) and 19,800 (communicants). No meaningful attendance figures could be produced due to the legal restrictions on church attendance introduced in response to Covid-19.[32] By 2021 membership had fallen by a further 32% from 2012 levels, to just over 24000.[33]

At the close of 2022, the denomination had 278 congregations.[34] The statistics for the denomination, by their dioceses were as follows:

Statistics for Scottish Episcopal Church - Dec 2022[34] Diocese  | Number of Congregations  | Membership  | Communicant Numbers  | Total Attendance

|
|
|
|

Aberdeen and Orkney  | 37  | 2,250  | 1,731  | 725
Argyll and The Isles  | 23  | 802  | 574  | 369
Brechin  | 24  | 1,500  | 1,106  | 530
Edinburgh  | 53  | 8,493  | 5,652  | 2,853
Glasgow and Galloway  | 54  | 4,188  | 3,255  | 1,726
Moray, Ross and Caithness  | 40  | 2,998  | 1,847  | 808
St Andrews, Dunkeld and Dunblane  | 47  | 3,604  | 2,658  | 1,521
TOTAL | 278 | 23,935 | 16,823 | 8,532

In recent decades, the Scottish Episcopal Church has taken a left-of-centre stand on various political issues including economic justice, the ordination of women and "inclusion". A church canon was altered to allow same-sex marriage after it was formally approved by the General Synod in June 2017, despite the protests of some, including the representatives of the conservative Diocese of Aberdeen and Orkney.

Following the vote, a number of individual congregations have begun to leave the church, although they have been obliged to leave their buildings and funds behind them. In November 2017 a high-profile female supporter of same-sex marriage, Anne Dyer was appointed Bishop of the theologically traditionalist Diocese of Aberdeen and Orkney by the other bishops, rather than elected as usual. This drew protests, which the primus attacked as "subversion",[35] and Dyer was consecrated in March 2018.[36] A number of clergy subsequently resigned, and in January 2019 the Westhill Community Church in Aberdeen voted to leave the SEC.[37]

The Scottish Episcopal Institute, a theological college for the whole of the Scottish Episcopal Church, was founded in 2015. It provides training for both lay ministers and ordained clergy.[38]

## Structure

[edit]

### Bishops and Primus

[edit]

See also: List of Anglican dioceses in the United Kingdom and Ireland

Map of the dioceses of the Scottish Episcopal Church

As an episcopal denomination, the church is governed by bishops, differentiating it from the national Church of Scotland which is presbyterian and governed by elders. However, unlike the Church of England, the bishops of the Scottish Episcopal Church are elected in a procedure involving clergy and laity of the vacant diocese voting at an electoral synod.

The church is composed of seven dioceses, each with its own bishop:

Diocese | Present bishop

|

Diocese of Aberdeen and Orkney | Anne Dyer (consecrated 1 March 2018)
Diocese of Argyll and The Isles | vacant
Diocese of Brechin | Andrew Swift (consecrated 25 August 2018)
Diocese of Edinburgh | John Armes (consecrated 12 May 2012)
Diocese of Glasgow and Galloway | Kevin Pearson (consecrated 23 April 2010)
Diocese of Moray, Ross and Caithness | Mark Strange (consecrated 13 October 2007)[39]
Diocese of St Andrews, Dunkeld and Dunblane | Ian Paton (consecrated 20 October 2018)

All sees except Edinburgh (founded by Charles I) stem from sees of the Catholic Church in Scotland. The bishops of the Episcopal Church are direct successors of the prelates consecrated to Scottish sees at the Restoration.[24] The bishops are addressed Right Reverend.

The College of Bishops constitutes the episcopal synod, the supreme court of appeal.[24]

This synod elects from among its own members a presiding Bishop who has the title of Primus (the title originates from the Latin phrase Primus inter pares - 'First among equals').

The Primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church, the presiding bishop of the Scottish Episcopal Church, is elected by the episcopal synod from among its members. His duties are:

* to preside at all Provincial Liturgical Functions
* to preside at all meetings of the General Synod of the Scottish Episcopal Church
* to preside at all meetings of the Episcopal Synod
* to declare and carry out the resolutions of the General Synod, the Episcopal Synod and the College of Bishops
* to represent the Scottish Episcopal Church in its relation to all other Churches of the Anglican Communion and other Communions
* to perform the functions and duties of Primus as specified in the Canons of the Scottish Episcopal Church
* to correspond on behalf of the Scottish Episcopal Church with Primates, Metropolitans and the Secretary General of the Anglican Consultative Council.

The incumbent is Mark Strange, who was elected on 27 June 2017.

The Primus does not have any metropolitan jurisdiction—the last to hold such jurisdiction was Archbishop Arthur Rose (of St Andrews) up to his death in 1704.[40] The Primus is addressed Most Reverend.

### Representative bodies

[edit]

The church is governed by the General Synod. This consists of the House of Bishops, the House of Clergy and the House of Laity. The General Synod makes canon law, administers finance and monitors the work of the boards and committees of the Church. Most decisions are arrived at by a simple majority of members of the General Synod voting together. More complex legislation, such as changes to the Code of Canons requires each of the Houses to agree and to vote in favour by a two-thirds majority.

Each diocese has its synod of the clergy and laity. Its dean (similar to an archdeacon in the Church of England) is appointed by the bishop, and, on the voidance of the see, summons the diocesan synod, at the instance of the primus, to choose a bishop.[24] Each diocese has one or more (in the case of some united dioceses) cathedrals. The senior priest of a Scottish Episcopal cathedral is styled as provost (as the title of "dean" is given to the senior priest of the diocese as a whole, see above). The only exception in Scotland is the Cathedral of the Isles on the island of Great Cumbrae which has been led by a member of the clergy styled as Precentor. Diocesan deans and cathedral provosts are both addressed as Very Reverend.

## Worship and liturgy

[edit]

The Scottish Liturgy 1982 and 2006 edition of the Scottish Ordinal 1984

The Scottish Episcopal Church is mainly in the High Church (or Anglo-Catholic) tradition.[41]

It embraces three orders of ministry: deacon, priest (referred to in the Scottish Prayer Book as presbyter) and bishop. Increasingly, an emphasis is being placed on these orders to work collaboratively within the wider ministry of the whole people of God.[citation needed]

### Liturgies

[edit]

Main article: Scottish Prayer Book (1929)

In addition to the Scottish Prayer Book of 1929, the church has a number of other liturgies available to it. In recent years, revised Funeral Rites have appeared, along with liturgies for Christian Initiation (e.g. Baptism and Affirmation) and Marriage. The modern Eucharistic rite (Scottish Liturgy 1982) includes Eucharistic prayers for the various seasons in the Liturgical Year and is commonly known as "The Blue Book", a reference to the colour of its covers. A further Eucharistic prayer is provided in the Marriage liturgy.

## Doctrine and practice

[edit]

Religion in Scotland

* Church of Scotland
* Catholic Church
* Free Church of Scotland
* Free Church of Scotland (Continuing)
* United Free Church of Scotland
* Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland
* Reformed Presbyterian
Church of Scotland

* International Presbyterian Church
* Associated Presbyterian Churches
* Scottish Episcopal Church
* Eastern Orthodoxy
* Oriental Orthodoxy
* Baptist Union of Scotland
* Methodist Church of Great Britain
* Latter-day Saints
* Salvation Army
* Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches
* Congregational Federation
* Action of Churches Together in Scotland
* Scottish Reformation
* Bahá'í Faith
* Buddhism
* Hinduism
* Islam
* Judaism
* Sikhism

* v
* t
* e

See also: Anglicanism and Anglican doctrine

This balance of scripture, tradition and reason is traced to the work of Richard Hooker, a sixteenth-century apologist. In Hooker's model, scripture is the primary means of arriving at doctrine and things stated plainly in scripture are accepted as true. Issues that are ambiguous are determined by tradition, which is checked by reason.[42]

### Social issues

[edit]

The Scottish Episcopal Church has been involved in Scottish politics.

The church was one of the parties involved in the Scottish Constitutional Convention, which laid the groundwork for the creation of the devolved Scottish Parliament in 1999. Canon Kenyon Wright of the Episcopal Church chaired the convention (1989–1999).

The church actively supports the work of the Scottish Churches Parliamentary Office in Edinburgh and the Society, Religion and Technology Project.

All orders of ministry are open to both male and female candidates. On 9 November 2017, the first woman, Anne Dyer, was elected bishop in the Episcopal Church in Scotland. She was consecrated as Bishop of Aberdeen and Orkney in March 2018.[36]

In the area of human sexuality, a debate continued for many years as to the propriety of fully permitting the presence of non-celibate lesbian and gay church members (there never having been a prohibition on membership or ordination of celibate homosexuals). In 2000, a former primate called for the church to bless same-sex couples.[43] Clergy became able to enter into a same-sex civil partnership in 2005, and the church does not require sexual abstinence of such civil unions.[44] Since 2008, St Mary's Cathedral, Glasgow has offered blessings for civil partnerships.[45] In 2015 the General Synod passed a vote which led to the first stage of approval formal blessings of same-sex marriage.[46] A number of congregations have hosted the blessings of same-sex couples including St Mary's Cathedral, Glasgow and St Paul's Cathedral, Dundee.[47]

In 2016, the General Synod voted in favour of changing the canon of marriage to include same-sex couples.[48] The change was formally approved by the church in June 2017.[49] As a result, at the Anglican Communion primates' meeting in October 2017 the Scottish Episcopal Church was suspended for three years from communion "decision making on any issues of doctrine or polity", a mirror of the sanction applied to the U.S. Episcopal Church in 2016 for the same reason.[50]

### Ecumenical relations

[edit]

Like many other Anglican churches, the Scottish Episcopal Church has entered into full communion with the Old Catholics of the Union of Utrecht. The Scottish Episcopal Church is also a member of the Porvoo Communion and is a member of several ecumenical bodies, including Action of Churches Together in Scotland and the World Council of Churches.

In December 2009, there were reports that certain High Church traditionalists within the Scottish Episcopal Church were in favour of joining the Roman Catholic Church.[51]

## Relation with the Anglican realignment

[edit]

Conservative members have organised in the Scottish Anglican Network and are associated with the GAFCON. The Scottish Anglican Network announced on 8 June 2017, the same day that the SEC voted to approve same-sex marriage, that they would be in "impaired communion" with the denomination, due to this decision.[52] The General Synod of the Anglican Church of Australia passed a motion on 7 September 2017, condemning SEC's decision to approve same-sex marriage as "contrary to the doctrine of our church and the teaching of Christ", and declaring itself in "impaired communion" with the province. It also expressed their "support for those Anglicans who have left or will need to leave the Scottish Episcopal Church because of its redefinition of marriage and those who struggle and remain", and presented their prayers for the return of SEC "to the doctrine of Christ in this matter and that impaired relationships will be restored."[53] The Global South Primates expressed their support for the Scottish Anglican Network at their Communiqué from 9 September 2017.[54]

To date nine churches have left the SEC since 2011, largely over the issue of the approval of same-sex marriage within the denomination. 5 joined Presbyterian churches and 4 GAFCON, through ACNA (list below):

* Christ Church, Harris (departed 2017)[55]
* St Thomas's, Corstorphine (departed 2018)[56]
* Westhill Community Church (departed 2019)[57]
* St Silas, Glasgow (departed 2019)[58]

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ With various theological and doctrinal identities, including Anglo-Catholic, Liberal and Evangelical
2. ^ Attested quite variedly in each word in writings and speech according to subdialect (from identical to Standard English to notable "corrupt[ed] forms"), such as Scottis Episcopawl(ian) Kirk, Episcopaulian Church, Esculopian, Episcopian, etc.[5]

## See also

[edit]

* Christianity portal

* Bishop of Argyll and The Isles
* List of Scottish Episcopal churches
* Religion in Scotland

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c "Scottish Episcopal Church". Bishops Selection Advisers Handbook. Church of England. Retrieved 26 December 2010.
2. ^ a b "35th Annual Report and Accounts SEC" (PDF). The Scottish Episcopal Church. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 April 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2018.
3. ^ "36th Annual Report page 63" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 October 2019. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
4. ^ "Scottish Episcopal Church 37th Annual Report" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 December 2021. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
5. ^ > ""Episcopaulian n."". Dictionary of the Scots Language. 2004. Retrieved 24 May 2022.&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Scottish+Episcopal+Church" class="Z3988">
6. ^ Pittock, Murray (1994). Poetry and Jacobite politics in eighteenth-century Britain and Ireland. Cambridge studies in eighteenth-century English literature and thought. Vol. 23\. Cambridge University Press. p. 237\. ISBN 978-0-521-41092-2.
7. ^ "Established Church of Scotland".
8. ^ "The Queen Remembered, Part 2: Rosslyn Chapel hosts a Royal Visit". 17 September 2022.
9. ^ "Scottish Episcopal Church could be first in UK to conduct same-sex weddings". Scottish Legal News. 20 May 2016. Archived from the original on 13 September 2017. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
10. ^ "Scottish Church Census" (PDF). Brierley Consultancy. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 May 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2018.
11. ^ https://www.scotland.anglican.org/wp-content/uploads/41st-Annual-Report.pdf>
12. ^ https://www.electricscotland.com/history/edinburgh/edinburghclub/holyrooditspalac00bryc.pdf
13. ^ "Terms & Conditions".
14. ^ https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/10023/3849/Houston2010EHR_almoner.pdf?sequence=1
15. ^ "Bishops and their Dioceses".
16. ^ The Code of Canons of the Episcopal Church in Scotland, R. Grant and son, 1838.
17. ^ "We're NOT English Kirk! - Local Headlines". Lanark Gazette. 4 April 2008. Archived from the original on 4 October 2011. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
18. ^ Macleod, Murdo (16 July 2006). "Church fury over historic mistakes on 'English kirk'". The Scotsman. Edinburgh. Archived from the original on 22 May 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2011.
19. ^ https://www.newstatesman.com/node/193327 [dead link]
20. ^ "St Ninian's Cathedral Feature Page on Undiscovered Scotland". www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
21. ^ Fletcher, Richard (1989). Who's Who in Roman Britain and Anglo-Saxon England. Shepheard-Walwyn. pp. 23–24. ISBN 0-85683-089-5.
22. ^ See Papal Jurisdiction Act 1560
23. ^ Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Established Church of Scotland" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
24. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: James Gilliland Simpson (1911). "Scotland, Episcopal Church of". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 467–468.
25. ^ "The Scottish Episcopal Institute Appointment". The Scottish Episcopal Church. 30 May 2014. Archived from the original on 22 May 2022. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
26. ^ Church of England Year Book 1990
27. ^ "Scottish Episcopal Church". Oikoumene.org. Archived from the original on 28 September 2012. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
28. ^ a b "Scots need greater numbers 'to pay the rent'". Archived from the original on 24 June 2013. Retrieved 15 June 2013.
29. ^ http://www.arthurrankcentre.org.uk/media/k2/attachments/Scottish_Episcopal_Church___Membership__Attendance_1989_2004.pdf [dead link]
30. ^ "34th Annual Report: Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2016" (PDF). Scottish Episcopal Church. 18 May 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
31. ^ "General Synod 2018: Agenda and Papers" (PDF). Scottish Episcopal Church. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
32. ^ "38th Annual Report: Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2020" (PDF). Scottish Episcopal Church. 26 April 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 February 2022. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
33. ^ https://www.scotland.anglican.org/wp-content/uploads/39th-Annual-Report-Final.pdf [bare URL PDF]
34. ^ a b "Scottish Episcopal Church: 40th Annual Report: The General Synod of the Scottish Episcopal Church - Annual Report and Accounts for the year ended 31 December 2022" (PDF). Scottish Episcopal Church. General Synod Office. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
35. ^ "Scottish Primus accuses protesters against next Bishop of Aberdeen & Orkney of 'subversion'". Church Times. London. 8 January 2018. Archived from the original on 19 January 2019. Retrieved 18 January 2019.
36. ^ a b "First female Bishop in the Scottish Episcopal Church is elected the new Bishop of Aberdeen & Orkney - The Scottish Episcopal Church". The Scottish Episcopal Church. 9 November 2017. Archived from the original on 21 November 2017. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
37. ^ "Aberdeen congregation votes to secede from the Scottish Episcopal Church". www.anglicannews.org. Archived from the original on 18 January 2019. Retrieved 18 January 2019.
38. ^ "The Scottish Episcopal Institute". The Scottish Episcopal Institute. 20 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
39. ^ "News and Issues - The Scottish Episcopal Church". Archived from the original on 15 March 2013. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
40. ^ "A Short History of the Episcopal Church in Scotland" by Frederick Goldie (revised edition - 1975) ISBN 0-7152-0315-0
41. ^ "Mission Atlas Project: United Kingdom" (PDF). worldmap.org. p. 31\. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 December 2017. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
42. ^ "Listening in Scripture: Foundation for Listening". Anglican Listening. Archived from the original on 23 July 2008. goes into detail on how scripture, tradition, and reason work to "uphold and critique each other in a dynamic way".
43. ^ "Bless gay couples, says bishop". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 17 June 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
44. ^ "'Death sentence' deportation of Iraqi Christians stayed after ACLU court action | Christian News on Christian Today". www.christiantoday.com. 16 June 2017. Archived from the original on 16 June 2017. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
45. ^ "Same-Sex Nuptials". Weddings at St Mary's Cathedral, Glasgow. 2 April 2011. Archived from the original on 6 June 2017. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
46. ^ "Scottish Episcopal Church passes initial vote in favour of same-sex marriage". 12 June 2015. Archived from the original on 2 October 2015. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
47. ^ "Dundee cathedral hosts historic same-sex marriage". www.thecourier.co.uk. Archived from the original on 12 April 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
48. ^ "Scottish Episcopal Church takes first step towards same sex marriage". www.anglicannews.org. Archived from the original on 11 June 2016. Retrieved 10 June 2016.
49. ^ "Scottish Episcopal church votes to allow same-sex weddings". The Guardian. 8 June 2017. Archived from the original on 26 April 2019. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
50. ^ "Communiqué from the Primates' Meeting" (PDF). Anglican Communion. 6 October 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 15 January 2019.
51. ^ "Traditionalist Anglicans in Scotland celebrate Christmas". Forward in Faith. 17 December 2009. Archived from the original on 25 July 2011. Retrieved 26 December 2010.
52. ^ "Scottish Anglican Network Press Statement, 8 June 2017" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 17 June 2017.
53. ^ "BREAKING: Australian General Synod notes SEC marriage canon "contrary to the doctrine of our Church and the teaching of Christ"". 7 September 2017. Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
54. ^ "Global South Anglican - Global South Primates' Communique, September 9, 2017 (Cairo)". www.globalsouthanglican.org. Archived from the original on 4 September 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
55. ^ "Profile: the new Anglican congregation in Harris". Scottish Anglican Network. Archived from the original on 4 July 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2019.
56. ^ "SCOTTISH ANGLICAN NETWORK: CONTENDING & LEARNING | VirtueOnline – The Voice for Global Orthodox Anglicanism". www.virtueonline.org. Archived from the original on 25 January 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2018.
57. ^ Wyllie, James (19 January 2019). "Aberdeenshire church to break away amid gay marriage row". Press & Journal. Archived from the original on 4 July 2019. Retrieved 4 July 2019.
58. ^ "St Silas votes leave Scottish Episcopal Church". www.virtueonline.org. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 26 June 2019.

## Further reading

[edit]

* William Carstares, State Papers.
* Robert Keith, Historical Catalogue of the Scottish Bishops (Russel's edition, 1824).
* John Parker Lawson, History of the Scottish Episcopal Church from the Revolution to the Present Time (1843).
* Thomas Stephen, History of the Church of Scotland from the Reformation to the Present Time in 4 Volumes (John Lendrum, 1844): Volume One – Volume Two – Volume Three – Volume Four.
* Thomas Lathbury, History of the Nonjurors (1845).
* George Grub, Ecclesiastical History of Scotland in Four Volumes (Edmonston and Douglas, 1861): Volume 1 – Volume 2 – Volume 3 – Volume 4.
* John Dowden, Annotated Scottish Communion Office (1884).
* Goldie, F., A Short History of the Episcopal Church in Scotland from the Restoration to the Present Time, London, S.P.C.K, 1951.

## External links

[edit]

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* Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of Britain and Scandinavia

|

Oriental Orthodox|

* Armenian Apostolic Church
* British Orthodox Church[a]
* Coptic Orthodox Church
* Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church

Catholic|

* Syro-Malabar Church
* Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church

Western Christianity|

| Catholic|

* Anglican Catholic Ordinariate
* Roman Catholic Church

|

Proto-Protestant|

| Hussite|

* Moravian Church

|

Protestant|

| Lutheran|

* Evangelical Lutheran Church of England
* Lutheran Church in Great Britain[b]

|

Reformed|

| United|

* United Reformed Church

|

Presbyterian
(Main article)|

* Evangelical Presbyterian Church in England and Wales
* International Presbyterian Church

Congregationalist|

* Congregational Federation
* Evangelical Fellowship of Congregational Churches
* Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches

Calvinistic Methodists|

* Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion

Anglican|

| Communion|

* Church of England[b]

|

Continuing|

* Diocese of the United Kingdom (ACC)
* Church of England (Continuing)

Realignment|

* Anglican Mission in England

Other|

* Free Church of England
* Open Episcopal Church

Anabaptist|

* Bruderhof Communities

Unitarian|

* General Assembly of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches

Baptist|

* Association of Grace Baptist Churches
* Baptists Together
* Gospel Standard Strict Baptists
* Old Baptist Union

Methodist|

* Church of the Nazarene
* Free Methodist Church
* Independent Methodist Connexion
* Methodist Church of Great Britain
* Salvation Army
* Wesleyan Holiness Church
* Wesleyan Reform Union

Plymouth
Brethren|

* Exclusive Brethren
* Open Brethren
* Plymouth Brethren Christian Church
* Needed Truth Brethren

Adventist|

* Seventh-day Adventist Church

Pentecostal|

| Holiness|

* Calvary Church of God in Christ
* Church of God of Prophecy
* New Testament Church of God
* Redeemed Christian Church of God

|

Finished
Work|

* Apostolic Church
* Assemblies of God
* Elim Pentecostal Church
* The Church of Pentecost

Neo-charismatic|

* Calvary Chapel United Kingdom
* Newfrontiers
* Vineyard
* Ichthus Christian Fellowship

Other|

* Quakers

Restorationism|

| Stone–Campbell|

* Churches of Christ
* International Churches of Christ

|

Latter Day Saint/
Mormon|

* The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in England

Irvingism|

* Catholic Apostolic Church
* New Apostolic Church

1. ^ Not in communion with the other Oriental Orthodox Churches
2. ^ a b Part of the Porvoo Communion

Scotland

| Eastern Christianity|

| Eastern Orthodox|

* Archdiocese of Russian Orthodox Churches in Western Europe
* Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain (Constantinople)
* Russian Orthodox Diocese of Sourozh (Moscow)

|

Oriental Orthodox|

* British Orthodox Church[a]
* Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church

Catholic|

* Syro-Malabar Church
* Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church

Western Christianity|

| Catholic|

* Anglican Catholic Ordinariate
* Roman Catholic Church

|

Protestant|

| Lutheran|

* Evangelical Lutheran Church of England
* Lutheran Church in Great Britain[b]

|

Calvinist|

| United|

* United Reformed Church

|

Presbyterian|

* Associated Presbyterian Churches
* Church of Scotland
* Free Church of Scotland
* Free Church of Scotland (Continuing)
* Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland
* International Presbyterian Church
* Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland
* United Free Church of Scotland

Congregationalist|

* Congregational Federation
* Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches

Anglican|

* Scottish Episcopal Church[b]

Unitarian|

* General Assembly of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches

Baptist|

* Baptist Union of Scotland

Methodist|

* Church of the Nazarene
* Methodist Church of Great Britain
* Salvation Army
* Wesleyan Reform Union

Plymouth
Brethren|

* Exclusive Brethren
* Open Brethren
* Plymouth Brethren Christian Church
* Needed Truth Brethren

Adventist|

* Seventh-day Adventist Church

Pentecostal|

| Holiness|

* Redeemed Christian Church of God

|

Finished
Work|

* Apostolic Church
* Assemblies of God
* Elim Pentecostal Church

Neo-charismatic|

* Calvary Chapel United Kingdom
* Catch the Fire World
* Newfrontiers
* Vineyard

Other|

* Quakers

Restorationism|

| Stone–Campbell|

* Churches of Christ
* International Churches of Christ

|

Latter Day Saint/
Mormon|

* The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Scotland

Irvingism|

* Catholic Apostolic Church
* New Apostolic Church

1. ^ Not in communion with the other Oriental Orthodox Churches
2. ^ a b Part of the Porvoo Communion

Northern Ireland

| Eastern Christianity|

| Eastern Orthodox|

* Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of the British Isles and Ireland (Antioch)
* Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain (Constantinople)
* Russian Orthodox Diocese of Great Britain and Western Europe (ROCOR)
* Russian Orthodox Diocese of Sourozh (Moscow)

|

Western Christianity|

| Catholic|

* Roman Catholic Church

|

Proto-Protestant|

| Hussite|

* Moravian Church

|

Protestant|

| Lutheran|

* Lutheran Church in Ireland

|

Calvinist|

| Presbyterian|

* Evangelical Presbyterian Church
* Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster
* Presbyterian Church in Ireland
* Reformed Presbyterian Church of Ireland

|

Congregationalist|

* Congregational Union of Ireland

Anglican|

* Church of Ireland[a]

Baptist|

* Association of Baptist Churches in Ireland

Methodist|

* Church of the Nazarene
* Fellowship of Independent Methodist Churches
* Methodist Church in Ireland
* Salvation Army

Plymouth
Brethren|

* Exclusive Brethren
* Open Brethren
* Plymouth Brethren Christian Church
* Needed Truth Brethren

Adventist|

* Seventh-day Adventist Church

Pentecostal|

* Christian Churches Ireland
* Elim Pentecostal Church

Neo-charismatic|

* Vineyard

Other|

* Non-subscribing Presbyterian Church of Ireland
* Quakers

Restorationism|

| Stone–Campbell|

* Churches of Christ
* International Churches of Christ

|

Latter Day Saint/
Mormon|

* The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Northern Ireland

Irvingism|

* New Apostolic Church

1. ^ Part of the Porvoo Communion

Wales

| Eastern Christianity|

| Eastern Orthodox|

* Archdiocese of Russian Orthodox Churches in Western Europe
* Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Thyateira and Great Britain (Constantinople)
* Russian Orthodox Diocese of Great Britain and Western Europe (ROCOR)
* Russian Orthodox Diocese of Sourozh (Moscow)

|

Oriental Orthodox|

* British Orthodox Church[a]
* Coptic Orthodox Church
* Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church

Catholic|

* Syro-Malabar Church
* Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church

Western Christianity|

| Catholic|

* Anglican Catholic Ordinariate
* Roman Catholic Church

|

Protestant|

| Lutheran|

* Evangelical Lutheran Church of England

|

Calvinist|

| Presbyterian|

* Evangelical Presbyterian Church in England and Wales

|

Congregationalist|

* Congregational Federation
* Evangelical Fellowship of Congregational Churches
* Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches
* Union of Welsh Independents

Methodist|

* Presbyterian Church of Wales

Anglican|

* Church in Wales[b]

Unitarian|

* General Assembly of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches

Baptist|

* Baptists Together
* Baptist Union of Wales
* Old Baptist Union

Methodist|

* Methodist Church of Great Britain
* Salvation Army

Plymouth
Brethren|

* Exclusive Brethren
* Open Brethren
* Plymouth Brethren Christian Church
* Needed Truth Brethren

Adventist|

* Seventh-day Adventist Church

Pentecostal|

* Assemblies of God
* Elim Pentecostal Church

Other|

* Newfrontiers
* Quakers

Restorationism|

| Stone–Campbell|

* Churches of Christ
* International Churches of Christ

|

Latter Day Saint/
Mormon|

* The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Wales

Irvingism|

* New Apostolic Church

1. ^ Not in communion with the other Oriental Orthodox Churches
2. ^ Part of the Porvoo Communion

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF

National|

* Germany
* United States

*[c.]: circa
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template