Seacourt

Deserted medieval village in Oxfordshire, UK

51°45′40″N 1°17′56″W﻿ / ﻿51.761°N 1.299°W﻿ / 51.761; -1.299

The common rush (Juncus effusus) is a member of the rush family (Juncaceae). During the Middle Ages, sedges and rushes were known as seaves, hence the origin of Seacourt's name, Seovecurt, recorded in the 10th century AD.

Look up seave in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Seacourt is a deserted medieval village ( DMV ) near the  City of Oxford. The site is now mostly beneath the  Oxford Western By-pass ( A34 ), about 0.3 miles (0.48 km) south of the  Seacourt / Hinksey Stream crossing. [1] [a] [b] [c]

## Name[edit]

Main article: Eadwig's Charter to Abingdon Abbey c.957

The earliest known reference to Seacourt is the name  " Seofecanwyrthe "  in Eadwig's charter of c.957. [d]

( Seof..fecan..wyrthe )

The middle element  " fekan "  was not part of the actual name but was a derogatory reference to the Danish people who had previously lived there. [e]

The actual name at that time ( Seof..wyrthe ) was probably a hybrid of Old Danish ' sef '  : ( " sedge, rush [3] " ) [f] and Old English ' worðig '  : ( ” enclosed homestead, farm ” ). [g]

The name was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Seuaworde ( Seua..worde ). [6]

### Toponym[edit]

The toponym for Seacourt might be:

* Seavy enclosure.[h] [i]

* Enclosure where seaves grow.[j]

Archaeological evidence suggests that the original settlement consisted of ditched enclosures and wooden byre's for keeping livestock. [k] Some types of sedge and rush (" seaves ") prefer the shallow water found in man made ditches,[l] while other types prefer water logged ground.[m]

Examples of place names that might have a similar etymology:

* Seathwaite, Duddon Valley, South Lakeland.
* Seagrave, Charnwood, Leicestershire.

### Name history[edit]

From Old Danish ' sef '  : ( " sedge, rush [3] " ) :

* Seof..wyrthe  ( c.957 ).

From local dialect  ' seave '  : ( " sedge, rush " ) : [n] [o]

* Seove..curt ( 10th century ). [7]
* Sevek..worth ( 13th century ). [p]

* Sea..court ( 20th century )

From Old English ' secg '  : ( " sedge, reed, rush, flag " ) : [q]

* Sevek..worth ( 13th century ).
* Seck worth  ( 15th century ). [r]

### Legacy[edit]

The name continues to be used in and around  Botley, near the  City of Oxford :

* Seacourt Stream – Hinksey Stream.
* Seacourt Tower. [s]
* Seacourt Park and Ride. [11]

## Manor[edit]

The earliest known record of Seacourt is from 955, when King Eadwig granted 20 hides of land at Hinksey, Seacourt and Wytham to the Benedictine Abingdon Abbey.[12] By the time of the Domesday Book in 1086 the abbey had let the lordship of the manor of Seacourt to a lay tenant.[12]

In 1313 one Walter le Poer of Tackley, Oxfordshire granted the manor to Sir William Bereford and his son for the rest of their lives.[12] Subsequently, the reversion of the manor was granted to Isabel de Vesci and her brother Henry de Beaumont.[12] After the deaths of the younger Bereford and Isabel de Vesci, Henry de Beaumont granted Seacourt to his son John Beaumont and daughter-in-law Eleanor Plantaganet.[12] In 1409 their son Henry Beaumont, 3rd Baron Beaumont sold Seacourt to one William Wilcotes of North Leigh, Oxfordshire.[12]

The manor then passed through various hands and was broken up into shares until 1469, when Sir Richard Harcourt started buying them up.[12] By the time he died in 1486, Sir Richard owned the whole of the manors of Seacourt and Wytham.[12] Thereafter the two manors stayed together and by 1546 Seacourt was considered part of the manor of Wytham.[12]

## Parish church[edit]

Seacourt had a parish church by 1200, when Robert de Seacourt (or Seckworth), lord of the manor, granted it to the prioress of the Benedictine Studley Priory, Oxfordshire.[12] According to a 13th-century charter Seacourt parish church was dedicated to Saint Mary.[12] In 1439 it was reported that the church building had collapsed.[12] In the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1539 Studley Priory surrendered its lands to the Crown, which sold them in 1540.[13] Studley Priory and its possessions at Seacourt were sold to one John Croke,[12] an ancestor of the John Croke who was a lawyer, judge, member of Parliament and Speaker of the House of Commons towards the end of the reign of Elizabeth I.

## Economic and other history[edit]

Seacourt had two watermills. They were described as corn mills in the 12th century, when William de Seacourt, lord of the manor, granted their tithes to the Benedictine Godstow Abbey.[12] Early in the 13th century his son Robert de Seacourt also granted their tithes to Godstow Abbey, but this time they are described as fulling mills.[12]

All of Seacourt's original houses were timber-framed.[14] Then in the 13th century a new north–south street was laid out and lined with stone-built houses on both sides.[15]

The old road between Eynsham and Oxford passed through Seacourt rather than Botley.[12] In the Middle Ages the treacle (i.e. healing) well at Binsey was a place of pilgrimage. Binsey is just on the other side of Seacourt Stream, so some pilgrims used to stay at Seacourt to visit the well.[12] According to tradition, Seacourt had 24 inns to accommodate them.[12] However, in 1439 the report that Seacourt parish church had collapsed stated also that all but two of the houses in the village were ruined and uninhabited.[12]

In the time of the antiquarian Anthony Wood (1632–95) the ruins of Seacourt were still visible.[12] Today no building survives on the site of the village but there are a few bumps in the fields. The village site was excavated between 1937 and 1939[16] and again in 1958 and 1959.[17]

In 1924 there were two farms to the south of the former village.[12] One was Seacourt Farm, which survived until 1963.[18]

By 1831 Seacourt was an extra-parochial area.[12] In 1858 it became a civil parish, but in 1900 it was absorbed into the neighbouring parish of Wytham.[19]

The name continues in Seacourt Stream, the Seacourt Bridge public house by Seacourt Road, Seacourt Tower and Seacourt Park and Ride car park.

## References[edit]

### Notes[edit]

1. ^ The site is designated as Historic Statutory and Scheduled Monument (SHADED POLYGON)
2. ^ The map also shows Port Meadow, Oxford to the east of the River Thames, also designated as Historic Statutory and Scheduled Monument (SHADED POLYGON)
3. ^ The site of Seacourt DMV was part of Berkshire until the 1974 boundary changes transferred it to Oxfordshire. See also :
* List of Berkshire boundary changes
* Historic counties of England
4. ^ DOCUMENTARY HISTORY ( Martin Biddle )  " The earliest mention of Seacourt occurs in a charter of Eadwig which grants twenty hides of land to Abingdon Abbey about 957. "  PDF page 11, actual page 79 [2]

> aet Hengestesige , and aet Seofecanwyrthe , and aet Wihtham

5. ^ See Eadwig's Charter to Abingdon Abbey c.957 > Seofecanwyrthe > Name corruption
6. ^ Old Norse  ' sef '  :  " sedge, rush "  [4]
7. ^ Old English worðig :  " enclosed homestead, farm "  [5]
8. ^ WiKtionary : English dialect < seavy >
1. " Overgrown with rushes. "
9. ^ WiKtionary : Middle English < court >
1. " A courtyard; an enclosed space. "
2. " A grand residence, especially that of a ruler or noble. "
10. ^ WiKtionary : English dialect < seave >
1. " A rush (the plant). "
11. ^ See Eadwig's Charter to Abingdon Abbey c.957 > Seofecanwyrthe > Archaeological evidence.
12. ^ Schoenoplectus lacustris is a type of sedge that prefers shallow water.
13. ^ Juncus effusus is a type of rush that prefers boggy ground.
14. ^ WiKtionary : < seave > From Old Norse sef, whence also Danish siv, Icelandic sef and Swedish säv (“club-rush”).
15. ^ WiKtionary : < court > A courtyard; an enclosed space.
16. ^ The priory of Studley  " The next year and again in 1294 the bishop wrote to the prioress that the presence of John of Sevekworth ... "  [8]
17. ^ Old English secg : " sedge, reed, rush, flag " [9]
18. ^ DOCUMENTARY HISTORY ( Martin Biddle )  In 1439 the Vicar reported " the church itself of Seck worth was collapsed "  – PDF page 15, actual page 83. [10]
19. ^ See Botley, Oxfordshire

### Citations[edit]

1. ^ "MAGiC MaP : Seacourt DMV –  Use Table of Contents for Colour Mapping ". Natural England - Magic in the Cloud.
2. ^ Biddle 1962, p. 79.
3. ^ a b The common name " rush "  can refer to more than one family. See Rush (botanical disambiguation).
4. ^ Reaney 1969, p. 175.
5. ^ Clark Hall 1916, p. 758.
6. ^ *"SEACOURT". Open Domesday. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
7. ^ Page & Ditchfield 1924, pp. 421–423.
8. ^ Page 1907, pp. 77–79.
9. ^ Clark Hall 1916, p. 549.
10. ^ Biddle 1962, p. 83.
11. ^ *"Seacourt park and ride - OX2 0HP". Oxford City Council. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Page & Ditchfield, 1924, pages 421–423
13. ^ Page, 1907, pages 77–79
14. ^ Rowley, 1978, page 48
15. ^ Rowley, 1978, pages 48, 126
16. ^ Bruce-Mitford, 1940
17. ^ Biddle, 1961–62
18. ^ Hanson, 1995, pp.52–55
19. ^ Vision of Britain website

### Sources[edit]

Books

* Hanson, John (1995). The Changing Faces of Botley and North Hinksey. Witney: Robert Boyd.
* Reaney, P H (1969). The Origin of English Place Names.  Routledge & Kegan Paul.
* Clark Hall, John R. (1916). A Concise Anglo−Saxon Dictionary, Second Edition.  The Macmillan Company.

Online

* Biddle, Martin (1962). "The Deserted Medieval Village of Seacourt, Berkshire" (PDF). Oxoniensia. Oxford Architectural and Historical Society. XXVI–XXVII: 70–201. Retrieved 21 July 2010.
* Bruce-Mitford, R.L.S. (1940). "The Excavations at Seacourt, Berks., 1939 an interim report" (PDF). Oxoniensia. Oxford Architectural and Historical Society. V.
* Page, W.H., ed. (1907). A History of the County of Oxford, Volume 2. Victoria County History. pp. 77–79.
* Page, W.H.; Ditchfield, P.H., eds. (1924). A History of the County of Berkshire, Volume 4. Victoria County History. pp. 421–423.
* Rowley, Trevor (1978). Villages in the Landscape. Archaeology in the Field Series. London: J.M. Dent & Sons Ltd. pp. 48, 126. ISBN 0-460-04166-5.

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